CN113410531B - Battery overall temperature detection method and device and computer readable storage medium - Google Patents

Battery overall temperature detection method and device and computer readable storage medium Download PDF

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CN113410531B
CN113410531B CN202110646052.6A CN202110646052A CN113410531B CN 113410531 B CN113410531 B CN 113410531B CN 202110646052 A CN202110646052 A CN 202110646052A CN 113410531 B CN113410531 B CN 113410531B
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蔡志端
潘天乐
晏仁健
江浩业
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Abstract

The invention discloses a battery overall temperature detection method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring ultrasonic detection data of the battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell; acquiring the electric quantity and the external temperature of the battery; obtaining the calculated internal temperature of the battery according to the ultrasonic detection data and the electric quantity; and calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to the calculated internal temperature and the calculated external temperature. The invention also discloses a battery overall temperature detection device and a computer readable storage medium. The invention makes the battery temperature evaluation and detection more accurate.

Description

Battery overall temperature detection method and device and computer readable storage medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery overall temperature detection method and device and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
The battery is sensitive to temperature change, the temperature influences the activity and the charge-discharge performance of battery materials, the safe and stable operation of the battery is influenced, and safety accidents are easily induced under abnormal working conditions such as battery overheating and thermal runaway. In order to ensure the stability and safety of the battery, it is necessary to detect the temperature performance state of the battery.
The traditional battery temperature detection is generally carried out by a temperature sensor arranged on the surface of the battery, but the detection method detects the temperature outside the battery, and is easily influenced by the surrounding environment to cause inaccurate detection results.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method and a device for detecting the overall temperature of a battery and a computer readable storage medium, aiming at solving the problem of inaccurate detection of the temperature of the battery.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for detecting the overall temperature of a battery, including:
acquiring ultrasonic detection data of the battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell;
acquiring the electric quantity and the external temperature of the battery;
obtaining the calculated internal temperature of the battery according to the ultrasonic detection data and the electric quantity;
and calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to the calculated internal temperature and the calculated external temperature.
Optionally, the ultrasonic detection data includes first ultrasonic data and second ultrasonic data, and the step of obtaining the calculated internal temperature of the battery according to the ultrasonic detection data and the electric quantity includes:
according to the first ultrasonic wave flight time and the second ultrasonic wave flight time in the first ultrasonic wave data and the second ultrasonic wave data and the battery electric quantity, the calculated internal temperature of the battery is calculated through the following formula:
Figure BDA0003109050020000011
wherein t is the internal temperature of the battery; a is a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 A set of 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Is a constant; d1 ToF Is a first ultrasonic time of flight; d2 ToF Is a second ultrasonic time of flight; the SOC is the battery charge.
Optionally, the calculating of the value of the coefficient a in the internal temperature formula may be obtained by fitting calculation according to multiple sets of real data, and the step of obtaining the value of the coefficient a in the formula by fitting calculation according to multiple sets of real data includes:
acquiring first ultrasonic flight time, second ultrasonic flight time, electric quantity and real internal temperature of a plurality of groups of batteries;
carrying out the formula according to the multiple groups of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperatureCalculating to respectively obtain the coefficients a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The value of (a).
Optionally, the formula is calculated according to multiple groups of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature to respectively obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The step of taking the value comprises:
establishing a target function formula of the real battery internal temperature and the formula:
Figure BDA0003109050020000021
calculating a partial derivative of each coefficient a in the objective function formula, and enabling the value of the partial derivative to be equal to 0 to obtain a linear equation of the partial derivative of the coefficient a:
Figure BDA0003109050020000022
Figure BDA0003109050020000023
Figure BDA0003109050020000024
Figure BDA0003109050020000025
Figure BDA0003109050020000026
Figure BDA0003109050020000027
Figure BDA0003109050020000028
Figure BDA0003109050020000031
Figure BDA0003109050020000032
substituting multiple groups of data of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature into the linear equation, and respectively calculating to obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Taking the value of (A);
wherein TI is the real battery internal temperature, L is the target function formula of the real battery internal temperature and the calculated battery internal temperature,
Figure BDA0003109050020000038
the partial derivative notation is given, n is the number of samples, i is 1,2, …, n.
Optionally, the linear equation is substituted with a plurality of sets of data of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature, and a coefficient a is obtained through calculation 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The step of taking values further comprises:
obtaining the following according to the linear equation of the partial derivative of the coefficient a:
Figure BDA0003109050020000033
Figure BDA0003109050020000034
Figure BDA0003109050020000035
Figure BDA0003109050020000036
Figure BDA0003109050020000037
Figure BDA0003109050020000041
Figure BDA0003109050020000042
Figure BDA0003109050020000043
Figure BDA0003109050020000044
simplifying the above equation into a matrix form yields XA ═ Y, where,
Figure BDA0003109050020000045
Figure BDA0003109050020000046
solving A by Gaussian elimination method, respectively calculating to obtain coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The value of (a).
Optionally, the step of calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to the calculated internal temperature and the calculated external temperature includes:
calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to a formula T-mTR + (1-m) T;
wherein T is the overall temperature of the battery, TR is the external temperature of the battery, T is the internal temperature of the battery, m is the weight of the external temperature of the battery, 1-m is the weight of the internal temperature of the battery, and m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Optionally, after the step of calculating the calculated internal temperature of the battery by using the calculation formula, the method further includes evaluating the calculation formula of the internal temperature according to the following formula to measure the deviation between the calculated value and the true value:
Figure BDA0003109050020000051
wherein, reset is root mean square error, TI is real battery internal temperature, n is sampling number, i is sampling point, i is 1,2, …, n.
Optionally, the ultrasonic detection device includes an ultrasonic transmitting end, a first ultrasonic receiving end and a second ultrasonic receiving end, the first ultrasonic receiving end is disposed on the same side of the battery case as the ultrasonic transmitting end, the second ultrasonic receiving end is disposed on the opposite side of the battery case as the ultrasonic transmitting end, and the step of collecting the ultrasonic detection data of the battery further includes:
acquiring first ultrasonic data of a first ultrasonic receiving end and second ultrasonic data of a second ultrasonic receiving end of a battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell;
and extracting the characteristics of the first ultrasonic data and the second ultrasonic data, and extracting the flight time of the first ultrasonic wave and the flight time of the second ultrasonic wave.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a battery entire temperature detection device, including: the battery overall temperature detection method comprises a memory, a processor and a battery overall temperature detection program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the steps of the battery overall temperature detection method are realized when the battery overall temperature detection program is executed by the processor.
Further, to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a battery overall temperature detection program which, when executed by a processor, realizes the steps of the battery overall temperature detection method as described above.
The invention collects the ultrasonic detection data of the battery through the ultrasonic detection device arranged on the battery shell; meanwhile, acquiring the electric quantity and the external temperature of the battery; obtaining the calculated internal temperature of the battery according to the ultrasonic detection data and the electric quantity; and calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to the calculated internal temperature and the calculated external temperature. Through the mode, the external surface temperature of the battery and the internal temperature of the battery are considered, the overall temperature of the battery is estimated by acquiring the internal temperature and the external temperature of the battery, and the detection and the estimation of the temperature of the battery are more accurate.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus in a hardware operating environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for detecting the overall temperature of a battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic testing apparatus.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic device structure diagram of a hardware operating environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device of the embodiment of the invention can be a PC, and can also be a mobile terminal device with a display function, such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, an electronic book reader, an MP3(Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III, dynamic video Experts compress standard Audio Layer 3) player, an MP4(Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV, dynamic video Experts compress standard Audio Layer 4) player, a portable computer and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus may include: a processor 1001, such as a CPU, a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. Wherein a communication bus 1002 is used to enable connective communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a Display screen (Display), an input unit such as a Keyboard (Keyboard), and optionally, the user interface 1003 may include a standard wired interface, a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface, a wireless interface (e.g., WI-FI interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory (e.g., a magnetic disk memory). The memory 1005 may alternatively be a storage device separate from the processor 1001.
Optionally, the device may further include a camera, RF (Radio Frequency) circuitry, sensors, audio circuitry, a WiFi module, and the like. Such as light sensors, motion sensors, and other sensors. Specifically, the light sensor may include an ambient light sensor that may adjust the brightness of the display screen according to the brightness of ambient light, and a proximity sensor that may turn off the display screen and/or the backlight when the mobile terminal is moved to the ear. As one of the motion sensors, the gravity acceleration sensor can detect the magnitude of acceleration in each direction (generally, three axes), detect the magnitude and direction of gravity when the mobile terminal is stationary, and can be used for applications (such as horizontal and vertical screen switching, related games, magnetometer attitude calibration), vibration recognition related functions (such as pedometer and tapping) and the like for recognizing the attitude of the mobile terminal; of course, the mobile terminal may also be configured with other sensors such as a gyroscope, a barometer, a hygrometer, a thermometer, and an infrared sensor, which are not described herein again.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configuration of the device shown in fig. 1 is not intended to be limiting of the device and may include more or fewer components than those shown, or some components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components.
As shown in fig. 1, a memory 1005, which is a kind of computer storage medium, may include therein an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a battery overall temperature detection program.
In the apparatus shown in fig. 1, the network interface 1004 is mainly used for connecting to a backend server and performing data communication with the backend server; the user interface 1003 is mainly used for connecting a client (user side) and performing data communication with the client; and the processor 1001 may be configured to call the battery overall temperature detection program stored in the memory 1005, and perform the following operations:
acquiring ultrasonic detection data of the battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell;
acquiring the electric quantity and the external temperature of the battery;
obtaining the calculated internal temperature of the battery according to the ultrasonic detection data and the electric quantity;
and calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to the calculated internal temperature and the calculated external temperature.
Further, the ultrasonic detection data includes first ultrasonic data and second ultrasonic data, and the processor 1001 may call the battery overall temperature detection program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
according to the first ultrasonic wave flight time and the second ultrasonic wave flight time in the first ultrasonic wave data and the second ultrasonic wave data and the battery electric quantity, the calculated internal temperature of the battery is calculated through the following formula:
Figure BDA0003109050020000071
wherein t is the internal temperature of the battery; a is a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Set of (a) 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Is a constant; d1 ToF Is a first ultrasonic time of flight; d2 ToF Is a second ultrasonic time of flight; the SOC is the battery charge.
Further, the value of the coefficient a in the internal temperature formula may be obtained by fitting calculation according to multiple sets of real data, and the processor 1001 may call the battery overall temperature detection program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
acquiring first ultrasonic flight time, second ultrasonic flight time, electric quantity and real internal temperature of a plurality of groups of batteries;
calculating the formula according to multiple groups of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature to respectively obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The value of (a).
Further, the processor 1001 may call the battery overall temperature detection program stored in the memory 1005, and also perform the following operations:
establishing an objective function formula of the real battery internal temperature and the calculation formula:
Figure BDA0003109050020000081
calculating a partial derivative of each coefficient a in the objective function formula, and enabling the value of the partial derivative to be equal to 0 to obtain a linear equation of the partial derivative of the coefficient a:
Figure BDA0003109050020000082
Figure BDA0003109050020000083
Figure BDA0003109050020000084
Figure BDA0003109050020000085
Figure BDA0003109050020000086
Figure BDA0003109050020000087
Figure BDA0003109050020000088
Figure BDA0003109050020000089
Figure BDA00031090500200000810
substituting multiple groups of data of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature into the linear equation, and respectively calculating to obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Taking the value of (a);
wherein TI is the real battery internal temperature, L is the target function formula of the real battery internal temperature and the calculated battery internal temperature,
Figure BDA0003109050020000097
the partial derivative notation is given, n is the number of samples, i is 1,2, …, n.
Further, the processor 1001 may call the battery overall temperature detection program stored in the memory 1005, and also perform the following operations:
obtaining the following according to the linear equation of the partial derivative of the coefficient a:
Figure BDA0003109050020000091
Figure BDA0003109050020000092
Figure BDA0003109050020000093
Figure BDA0003109050020000094
Figure BDA0003109050020000095
Figure BDA0003109050020000096
Figure BDA0003109050020000101
Figure BDA0003109050020000102
Figure BDA0003109050020000103
simplifying the above equation into a matrix form yields XA ═ Y, where,
Figure BDA0003109050020000104
Figure BDA0003109050020000105
solving A by Gaussian elimination method, respectively calculating to obtain coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The value of (a).
Further, the processor 1001 may call the battery overall temperature detection program stored in the memory 1005, and also perform the following operations:
calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to a formula T-mTR + (1-m) T;
wherein T is the overall temperature of the battery, TR is the external temperature of the battery, T is the internal temperature of the battery, m is the weight of the external temperature of the battery, 1-m is the weight of the internal temperature of the battery, and m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Further, after the step of calculating the calculated internal temperature of the battery by the formula, the processor 1001 may call the battery overall temperature detection program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
the formula for calculating the internal temperature is evaluated according to the following formula to measure the deviation between the calculated value and the true value:
Figure BDA0003109050020000111
wherein, reset is root mean square error, TI is real battery internal temperature, n is sampling number, i is sampling point, i is 1,2, …, n.
Further, the ultrasonic detection apparatus includes an ultrasonic transmitting end, a first ultrasonic receiving end and a second ultrasonic receiving end, the first ultrasonic receiving end is disposed on the same side of the battery case as the ultrasonic transmitting end, the second ultrasonic receiving end is disposed on the opposite side of the battery case from the ultrasonic transmitting end, and the processor 1001 may call the battery overall temperature detection program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
acquiring first ultrasonic data of a first ultrasonic receiving end and second ultrasonic data of a second ultrasonic receiving end of a battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell;
and extracting the characteristics of the first ultrasonic data and the second ultrasonic data, and extracting the flight time of the first ultrasonic wave and the flight time of the second ultrasonic wave.
The specific embodiment of the device for detecting the overall temperature of the battery of the present invention is substantially the same as the following embodiments of the method for detecting the overall temperature of the battery, and will not be described herein again.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a battery overall temperature detection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention, where the battery overall temperature detection method includes:
step S10, collecting ultrasonic detection data of the battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell;
due to the characteristics of the layered structure of the battery, the temperature of the battery can be divided into the surface temperature of the battery and the internal temperature of the battery, and two factors are involved in the temperature change of the battery, namely the temperature of the working environment of the battery and the charging and discharging current in the working process of the battery. The temperature of the working environment of the battery mainly affects the temperature of the surface of the battery, and the heat conduction direction is transferred from the surface of the battery to the interior of the battery. The charging and discharging current of the battery mainly influences the internal temperature of the battery, and the heat conduction direction is transmitted from the inside of the battery to the outside of the battery. If the detection of the temperature performance state of the battery is inaccurate, abnormal working conditions such as overheating and even thermal runaway of the battery can be caused, so that the battery is unstable and unsafe to operate and even has a fire hazard. In general, the surface temperature of the battery is not consistent with the internal temperature of the battery, and the battery temperature detection is to evaluate the overall temperature performance of the battery by combining the external temperature and the internal temperature of the battery.
The power lithium battery, as a novel high-energy battery successfully developed in the 20 th century, has the advantages of high energy, high battery voltage, wide working temperature range, long storage life and the like, enters a large-scale practical stage, and is widely applied to the fields of electronics, artificial satellites, aerospace, new energy automobiles and energy storage. The high-capacity lithium battery has been tried in the electric automobile and becomes one of the main power sources of the electric automobile in the 21 st century, and the detection of the temperature performance state of the power lithium battery is an important part of a battery management system. Due to the layered structure of the power lithium battery, the diffusion of lithium ions and the charge transfer process are influenced by the temperature of the battery, and in the charging and discharging processes of the lithium battery, the lithium intercalation states of electrode materials in the battery are different, so that the parameters and the elastic modulus of the battery are changed. Since the ultrasonic detection parameters are directly related to the characteristics of the internal material of the battery, and the characteristics of the internal material of the battery are directly related to the temperature, the parameters are related to the internal temperature of the battery, and meanwhile, a certain correlation exists between the battery electric quantity (SOC) and the battery capacity (SOH), so that the internal temperature value of the battery can be estimated by applying the ultrasonic detection parameters. In the specific embodiment of the invention, a power lithium ion battery (hereinafter referred to as a battery) can be selected as a detection object of the overall temperature detection method, and the internal temperature of the battery is detected based on an ultrasonic transmission detection technology. It is understood that other battery types are also contemplated in particular embodiments, such as nickel cadmium batteries, lead acid batteries, and the like.
Further, in order to detect the internal change of the battery and facilitate the detection of the internal temperature of the battery, as an embodiment, the present embodiment designs an ultrasonic detection device, as shown in fig. 3. The ultrasonic transmitting end is attached to one side of the battery to be detected. The first ultrasonic receiving end is attached to the same side face of the battery to be detected and the transmitting end at a certain distance and is parallel to the transmitting end. The second ultrasonic receiving terminal is attached to a position opposite to the side where the transmitting terminal is located and aligned with the center, so that ultrasonic signal component data passing through the battery in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the battery can be detected respectively. The shape of the battery may be cylindrical or square, and the invention is not limited to the shape of the battery to be tested. Detection characteristic parameters such as flight time, maximum amplitude and intensity can be extracted through ultrasonic signals of an ultrasonic transmitting end and an ultrasonic receiving end, and further, piezoelectric disks are adopted as sensors for the ultrasonic transmitting end and the ultrasonic receiving end in the embodiment (AB1290B-LW100-R, resonant frequency 9 khz). A single-pulse sine excitation signal with the frequency range of 25-30kHz is provided for an ultrasonic transmitting end, and battery parameters and elastic modulus are changed due to different lithium intercalation states of electrode materials in a battery at different temperatures, so that the propagation speed and amplitude of ultrasonic waves in the battery are influenced to be attenuated to a certain extent. The ultrasonic signal which penetrates through the battery to be detected and is reflected back is received at one side of the first ultrasonic receiving end, meanwhile, the ultrasonic signal which penetrates through the battery to be detected is collected at the second ultrasonic receiving end at the opposite side, and the ultrasonic signal which carries the battery temperature state to be detected is collected to the greatest extent by comprehensively collecting the transmitted ultrasonic signal which penetrates through the battery to be detected and the reflected ultrasonic signal which is reflected back. Ultrasonic signals received by the two ultrasonic receiving ends are amplified by the signal amplifier and then input into the microcontroller, and received acoustic data are sent to the battery overall temperature detection device through the microcontroller, wherein the received acoustic data are simply processed by the battery overall temperature detection device to obtain acoustic data including ultrasonic flight time (ToF), maximum amplitude, intensity and the like. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited in particular, and one or more than two ultrasonic receiving terminals may be selected for detecting data, or even other ultrasonic parameters or other combinations of ultrasonic parameters may be selected as the reference data of the internal temperature of the battery.
Step S20, acquiring the electric quantity and the external temperature of the battery;
the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery, also called the remaining capacity, is a parameter reflecting the percentage of the current capacity of the battery to the total available capacity, and is numerically defined as the ratio of the remaining capacity to the total capacity of the battery, and the value of the remaining capacity is usually expressed as a percentage, and the value ranges from 0 to 1, indicating that the battery is completely discharged when the SOC is 0, and indicating that the battery is completely charged when the SOC is 1. When the SOC state is higher, the reaction activity of the anode material and the cathode material is increased and the thermal stability is reduced, so that the influence of the battery electric quantity is considered when the internal temperature of the battery is detected according to the ultrasonic data, and the battery electric quantity is used as a reference factor for evaluating the internal temperature of the battery. The method for collecting the electric quantity of the battery can be a charge and discharge tester, and can also be used for obtaining the SOC value of the battery by an open-circuit voltage method, an ampere-hour integration method, an internal resistance method, a Kalman filtering method or a neural network method. The external temperature of the battery in the present invention refers to the external surface temperature of the battery, not the temperature of the external ambient environment of the battery, and can be directly obtained from an infrared thermal imager or obtained by a temperature sensor attached to the surface of the battery.
Step S30, obtaining the calculated internal temperature of the battery according to the ultrasonic detection data and the electric quantity;
the ultrasonic detection data and the internal temperature of the battery have a nonlinear relation, and the internal temperature value of the battery can be directly detected by utilizing a mathematical model of the ultrasonic acoustic data and the internal temperature of the battery in the practical application process. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic flight time and the battery power are used as input data, and the calculated internal temperature of the battery is calculated according to the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time and the battery power by the following calculation formula:
t＝f(D1 ToF ,D2 ToF ,SOC；a)
＝a 0 +a 1 D1 ToF +a 2 D2 ToF +a 3 SOC+a 4 D1 ToF SOC+a 5 D2 ToF SOC+a 6 D1 ToF 2 +a 7 D2 ToF 2 +a 8 SOC 2
wherein t is the internal temperature of the battery; a is a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 A set of 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Is a constant; d1 ToF Is a first ultrasonic time of flight; d2 ToF Is a second ultrasonic time of flight; the SOC is the battery charge.
The above calculation formula is a ternary secondary function of the internal temperature of the battery with respect to the first ultrasonic flight time, the second flight time and the battery capacity, and it can be understood that other parameters may be selected to construct a function formula of the internal temperature in the specific embodiment, and the function formula is not limited to ternary nor secondary.
The value of the coefficient a can be obtained by fitting according to the real sampling data of the first ultrasonic wave flight time, the second ultrasonic wave flight time, the electric quantity and the internal temperature of the battery with enough sample size. The special reminding is that the sampled data are as rich and comprehensive as possible, the ultrasonic data under different electric quantities and different temperatures are covered as much as possible, the reasonability of the temperature needs to be noticed when the sampling experiment is carried out, and battery faults or even safety accidents caused by overhigh temperature are prevented. For example, the ambient temperature of the experimental battery is changed by adjusting the thermostat, so that the internal temperature and the external temperature of the experimental battery are indirectly changed, the experimental battery is in different SOC values through the charge and discharge tester, and the real internal temperature, the real external temperature, the real battery electric quantity value and the real ultrasonic flight time of the experimental battery at the moment are obtained. Because the experimental battery is not in a working state at the moment, the temperature set by the constant temperature box can be used as the real internal temperature and the real external temperature of the battery by placing the experimental battery in the constant temperature box for enough time, and the real temperature of the battery can also be measured by the temperature sensor. Therefore, ultrasonic detection data and battery surface temperature data of the battery at different internal temperatures and different SOC values can be obtained, and a calculation formula of the internal temperature is fitted by adopting a nonlinear least square method according to multiple groups of real data, so that the value of the coefficient a of the formula is obtained.
Specifically, an objective function formula of the real battery internal temperature and the calculation formula is established:
Figure BDA0003109050020000141
wherein, TI is the real internal temperature of the battery; l is an objective function formula of the true battery internal temperature and the calculated battery internal temperature,
Figure BDA0003109050020000142
is a partial derivative symbol; n is the number of samples; i is a sampling point; 1,2, …, n;
Figure BDA0003109050020000143
the first ultrasonic flight time D1 according to the sampling at the time of the ith sampling ToFi Second ultrasonic time of flight D2 ToFi SOC of the electric quantity i Calculating the obtained internal temperature; TI i The true internal temperature of the battery at the ith sampling time.
Calculating a partial derivative of each coefficient a in the objective function formula, and in order to optimize the objective function, making the value of the partial derivative equal to 0 to obtain a linear equation of the partial derivative of the coefficient a:
Figure BDA0003109050020000151
Figure BDA0003109050020000152
Figure BDA0003109050020000153
Figure BDA0003109050020000154
Figure BDA0003109050020000155
Figure BDA0003109050020000156
Figure BDA0003109050020000157
Figure BDA0003109050020000158
Figure BDA0003109050020000159
substituting multiple groups of data of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature into the linear equation, and respectively calculating to obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The value of (a).
Further, simplification of the above linear equation yields:
Figure BDA00031090500200001510
Figure BDA00031090500200001511
Figure BDA0003109050020000161
Figure BDA0003109050020000162
Figure BDA0003109050020000163
Figure BDA0003109050020000164
Figure BDA0003109050020000165
Figure BDA0003109050020000166
Figure BDA0003109050020000167
writing in a matrix form yields XA ═ Y, where,
Figure BDA0003109050020000168
Figure BDA0003109050020000171
a is solved by Gaussian elimination method to obtain coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The value of (a).
Further, a coefficient a is obtained 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 After the values are substituted into the formula for calculating the internal temperature, the formula for calculating the internal temperature is also evaluated according to the following formula to measure the deviation between the calculated value and the true value:
Figure BDA0003109050020000172
wherein, reset is root mean square error, TI is real battery internal temperature, n is sampling number, i is sampling point, i is 1,2, …, n.
If the calculated RESE value is smaller in deviation between the calculated value and the true value and accords with the specified range, the value of the coefficient a is considered to be reasonable, and the internal temperature calculation formula is effective; if the deviation between the calculated value and the true value is large and exceeds the specified deviation range, the difference between the internal temperature calculated by the formula and the true internal temperature is large, the value of a is unreasonable, and the value of a can be fit and calculated again by acquiring more sample data or changing the sampling method and the sampling data until the deviation range conforms to the specification.
Step S40, calculating the whole temperature of the battery according to the calculated internal temperature and the external temperature
Through the step S30, the present embodiment establishes a relational expression between the battery internal temperature and the ultrasonic data and the battery power, obtains a value of a coefficient in the relational expression through real data fitting, and in the following practical application, may directly use a functional relational expression to calculate the battery internal temperature, and evaluate the overall temperature of the battery by combining the battery external temperature obtained in the step S20.
Further, in the present embodiment, the external temperature and the internal temperature of the battery are calculated according to the formula T ═ mTR + (1-m) T to obtain the overall temperature of the battery; wherein T is the overall temperature of the battery, TR is the external temperature of the battery, T is the internal temperature of the battery, m is the external temperature weight of the battery, 1-m is the internal temperature weight of the battery, m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and m can be estimated and drawn up according to expert opinions. In a specific embodiment, other algorithms may be selected to obtain the overall temperature of the battery, which is not described herein.
The internal temperature of the battery is obtained through collection of ultrasonic data of the battery in the embodiment, the overall temperature of the battery is comprehensively evaluated by combining the collected external temperature of the battery, the external temperature of the battery and the internal temperature of the battery are considered, the temperature of the battery is more comprehensively and accurately evaluated, and important basis is promoted for early warning of thermal runaway of the battery. The embodiment also provides a mathematical model of a quadratic equation of the internal temperature with respect to the ultrasonic flight time and the battery power, the internal temperature formula is fitted through real data to obtain a formula coefficient, and then the internal temperature formula is evaluated through a root mean square error formula, so that a formula algorithm is optimized, and the algorithm is more accurate.
Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a battery overall temperature detection program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, the battery overall temperature detection program implements the following operations:
acquiring ultrasonic detection data of the battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell;
acquiring the electric quantity and the external temperature of the battery;
obtaining the calculated internal temperature of the battery according to the ultrasonic detection data and the electric quantity;
and calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to the calculated internal temperature and the calculated external temperature.
Further, the ultrasonic detection data includes first ultrasonic data and second ultrasonic data, and the battery overall temperature detection program, when executed by the processor, further implements the following operations:
according to the first ultrasonic wave flight time and the second ultrasonic wave flight time in the first ultrasonic wave data and the second ultrasonic wave data and the battery electric quantity, the calculated internal temperature of the battery is calculated through the following formula:
Figure BDA0003109050020000181
wherein t is the internal temperature of the battery; a is a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 A set of 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Is a constant; d1 ToF Is a first ultrasonic time of flight; d2 ToF Is a second ultrasonic time of flight; the SOC is the battery charge.
Further, the step of calculating the value of the coefficient a in the internal temperature formula according to multiple sets of real data may include:
acquiring first ultrasonic flight time, second ultrasonic flight time, electric quantity and real internal temperature of a plurality of groups of batteries;
calculating the formula according to multiple groups of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature to respectively obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The value of (a).
Further, the battery overall temperature detection program further realizes the following operations when executed by the processor:
establishing a target function formula of the real battery internal temperature and the formula:
Figure BDA0003109050020000191
calculating a partial derivative of each coefficient a in the objective function formula, and enabling the value of the partial derivative to be equal to 0 to obtain a linear equation of the partial derivative of the coefficient a:
Figure BDA0003109050020000192
Figure BDA0003109050020000193
Figure BDA0003109050020000194
Figure BDA0003109050020000195
Figure BDA0003109050020000196
Figure BDA0003109050020000197
Figure BDA0003109050020000198
Figure BDA0003109050020000199
Figure BDA00031090500200001910
substituting multiple groups of data of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature into the linear equation, and respectively calculating to obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Taking the value of (A);
wherein TI is the real inside of the batteryThe temperature, L, is the real battery internal temperature and the objective function formula of the battery internal temperature obtained by calculation,
Figure BDA00031090500200001911
the partial derivative notation is given, n is the number of samples, i is 1,2, …, n.
Further, the battery overall temperature detection program further realizes the following operations when executed by the processor:
obtaining the following according to the linear equation of the partial derivative of the coefficient a:
Figure BDA0003109050020000201
Figure BDA0003109050020000202
Figure BDA0003109050020000203
Figure BDA0003109050020000204
Figure BDA0003109050020000205
Figure BDA0003109050020000206
Figure BDA0003109050020000207
Figure BDA0003109050020000208
Figure BDA0003109050020000211
simplifying the above equation into a matrix form yields XA ═ Y, where,
Figure BDA0003109050020000212
Figure BDA0003109050020000213
solving A by Gaussian elimination method, respectively calculating to obtain coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The value of (a).
Further, the battery overall temperature detection program further realizes the following operations when executed by the processor:
calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to a formula T-mTR + (1-m) T;
wherein T is the overall temperature of the battery, TR is the external temperature of the battery, T is the internal temperature of the battery, m is the weight of the external temperature of the battery, 1-m is the weight of the internal temperature of the battery, and m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Further, the battery overall temperature detection program further realizes the following operations when executed by the processor:
the formula for calculating the internal temperature is evaluated according to the following formula to measure the deviation between the calculated value and the true value:
Figure BDA0003109050020000214
wherein, reset is root mean square error, TI is real battery internal temperature, n is sampling number, i is sampling point, i is 1,2, …, n.
Further, the ultrasonic detection device includes an ultrasonic transmitting end, a first ultrasonic receiving end and a second ultrasonic receiving end, the first ultrasonic receiving end is disposed on the same side of the battery case as the ultrasonic transmitting end, the second ultrasonic receiving end is disposed on the opposite side of the battery case as the ultrasonic transmitting end, and when being executed by the processor, the battery overall temperature detection program further realizes the following operations:
acquiring first ultrasonic data of a first ultrasonic receiving end and second ultrasonic data of a second ultrasonic receiving end of a battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell;
and extracting the characteristics of the first ultrasonic data and the second ultrasonic data, and extracting the flight time of the first ultrasonic wave and the flight time of the second ultrasonic wave.
The specific embodiment of the computer-readable storage medium of the present invention is substantially the same as the embodiments of the above-mentioned battery overall temperature detection method, and is not described herein again.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (e.g., ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above and includes instructions for enabling a terminal device (e.g., a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A battery overall temperature detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring ultrasonic detection data of the battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell;
acquiring the electric quantity and the external temperature of the battery;
obtaining the calculated internal temperature of the battery according to the ultrasonic detection data and the electric quantity;
calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to the calculated internal temperature and the calculated external temperature;
the ultrasonic detection data comprises first ultrasonic data and second ultrasonic data, and the step of obtaining the calculated internal temperature of the battery according to the ultrasonic detection data and the electric quantity comprises the following steps:
according to the first ultrasonic wave flight time and the second ultrasonic wave flight time in the first ultrasonic wave data and the second ultrasonic wave data and the battery electric quantity, the calculated internal temperature of the battery is calculated through the following formula:
Figure FDA0003657524470000011
wherein t is the internal temperature of the battery; a is a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 A set of 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Is a constant; d1 ToF Is a first ultrasonic time of flight; d2 ToF Is a second ultrasonic time of flight; SOC is the battery power;
the step of calculating the value of the coefficient a in the internal temperature formula can be obtained by fitting calculation according to multiple groups of real data, and the step of calculating the value of the coefficient a in the formula according to the multiple groups of real data comprises the following steps:
acquiring first ultrasonic flight time, second ultrasonic flight time, electric quantity and real internal temperature of a plurality of groups of batteries;
calculating the formula according to the flight time of the first ultrasonic wave, the flight time of the second ultrasonic wave, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature to respectively obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Taking the value of (A);
calculating the formula according to multiple groups of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature to respectively obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The step of taking the value comprises:
establishing a target function formula of the real battery internal temperature and the formula:
Figure FDA0003657524470000021
calculating a partial derivative of each coefficient a in the objective function formula, and enabling the value of the partial derivative to be equal to 0 to obtain a linear equation of the partial derivative of the coefficient a:
Figure FDA0003657524470000022
Figure FDA0003657524470000023
Figure FDA0003657524470000024
Figure FDA0003657524470000025
Figure FDA0003657524470000026
Figure FDA0003657524470000027
Figure FDA0003657524470000028
Figure FDA0003657524470000029
Figure FDA00036575244700000210
substituting multiple groups of data of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity and the real internal temperature into the linear equation, and respectively calculating to obtain a coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 Taking the value of (A);
wherein TI is the real battery internal temperature, L is the target function formula of the real battery internal temperature and the calculated battery internal temperature,
Figure FDA00036575244700000211
the partial derivative notation is given, n is the number of samples, i is 1,2, …, n.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of sets of data of the first ultrasonic flight time, the second ultrasonic flight time, the electric quantity, and the true internal temperature are substituted into the linear equation, and a coefficient a is calculated respectively 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The step of taking values further comprises:
obtaining the following according to the linear equation of the partial derivative of the coefficient a:
Figure FDA0003657524470000031
Figure FDA0003657524470000032
Figure FDA0003657524470000033
Figure FDA0003657524470000034
Figure FDA0003657524470000035
Figure FDA0003657524470000036
Figure FDA0003657524470000037
Figure FDA0003657524470000038
Figure FDA0003657524470000041
simplifying the above equation into a matrix form yields XA ═ Y, where,
Figure FDA0003657524470000042
A＝(a 0 a 1 …a 8 ) T ，
Figure FDA0003657524470000043
solving A by Gaussian elimination method, respectively calculating to obtain coefficient a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 、a 7 、a 8 The value of (a).
3. The battery temperature detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the overall temperature of the battery based on the calculated internal temperature and the external temperature includes:
calculating the overall temperature of the battery according to a formula T-mTR + (1-m) T;
wherein T is the overall temperature of the battery, TR is the external temperature of the battery, T is the internal temperature of the battery, m is the weight of the external temperature of the battery, 1-m is the weight of the internal temperature of the battery, and m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
4. The battery temperature sensing method according to claim 1, wherein after the step of formulating the calculated internal temperature of the battery, the method further comprises evaluating the formulation for calculating the internal temperature according to the following formulation to measure the deviation between the calculated value and the true value:
Figure FDA0003657524470000044
wherein, reset is root mean square error, TI is real battery internal temperature, n is sampling number, i is sampling point, i is 1,2, …, n.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic detection device includes an ultrasonic transmitting end, a first ultrasonic receiving end and a second ultrasonic receiving end, the first ultrasonic receiving end is disposed on the same side of the battery case as the ultrasonic transmitting end, the second ultrasonic receiving end is disposed on the opposite side of the battery case from the ultrasonic transmitting end, and the step of collecting the ultrasonic detection data of the battery by the ultrasonic detection device disposed on the battery case further includes:
acquiring first ultrasonic data of a first ultrasonic receiving end and second ultrasonic data of a second ultrasonic receiving end of a battery through an ultrasonic detection device arranged on a battery shell;
and extracting the characteristics of the first ultrasonic data and the second ultrasonic data, and extracting the flight time of the first ultrasonic wave and the flight time of the second ultrasonic wave.
6. A battery entire temperature detection device, characterized by comprising: a memory, a processor and a battery overall temperature detection program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the battery overall temperature detection program, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the battery overall temperature detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A computer-readable storage medium on which a battery overall temperature detection program is stored, characterized in that the steps of the battery overall temperature detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented when the battery overall temperature detection program is executed by a processor.
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