CN113410508A - Method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain - Google Patents

Method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113410508A
CN113410508A CN202110498043.7A CN202110498043A CN113410508A CN 113410508 A CN113410508 A CN 113410508A CN 202110498043 A CN202110498043 A CN 202110498043A CN 113410508 A CN113410508 A CN 113410508A
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strain
strain gauge
pole piece
lithium ion
ion battery
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CN113410508B (en
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栾伟玲
王畅
邵雪飞
冯奇
陈莹
姚逸鸣
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East China University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/32Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for in-situ measuring stress-strain of a lithium ion battery pole piece, which comprises the following steps: coating an insulating material on a welding spot of the strain gauge for insulating treatment; and rigidly bonding the strain gauge and the electrode plate, placing the strain gauge and the electrode plate into an oven for drying, assembling the grade gauge with the lead and other parts of the battery, dividing the steps into a button cell step or a soft package cell step, acquiring acquired data, and further processing and denoising by using a wavelet function. The invention can quantitatively represent the strain and stress change of the surface of the electrode material while performing electrochemical test on the lithium ion battery, and realizes the purpose of measuring and analyzing the change of mechanical parameters of the electrode material under different electrochemical test conditions in real time.

Description

Method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and relates to a method for measuring the strain of a lithium ion battery pole piece in situ, which is used for measuring the stress change of an electrode of a lithium ion battery in an electrochemical reaction in real time. The method can quantitatively represent the strain and stress change of the surface of the electrode material while performing electrochemical test on the lithium ion battery, and achieves the purpose of measuring and analyzing the change of mechanical parameters of the electrode material under different electrochemical test conditions in real time.
Background
The stress change of the lithium battery electrode in the charging and discharging process reflects the performance of different lithium battery electrode materials and is also a main factor influencing the service life and the performance of the lithium battery. A great deal of research work has simulated the change of the mechanical properties of the electrode material under different conditions, and many experimental works are also used for in-situ observation of the changes of the crystal structure, shape and volume of the electrode material in the process of insertion and extraction of lithium ions, which is very important for improving the application capability of the lithium ion battery. The most ideal means for obtaining the deformation mechanism and stress change of the electrode active material during electrochemical cycling is an in-situ observation method.
Currently, there are various measuring devices and methods for observing the above changes in situ, v.a. sethaumann indirectly converts the overall stress of an electrode by using the bending deformation of a silicon composite substrate, and stretch-dry indirectly converts the overall stress of the electrode by using the cantilever beam battery structure to cooperate with the deformation of a CCD camera recording electrode, such indirect measurement can really obtain the overall mechanical result of a battery pole piece, but the overall strain of the pole piece is caused by the combined action of stresses divided into two directions parallel and perpendicular to the surface of the pole piece, so the method cannot measure the stress magnitude and direction of a certain point on the surface and a local area of the electrode in the electrochemical process, and Micael Nascimento measures the stress magnitude and the corresponding temperature change on a soft package battery grade piece in situ by using a composite FBG and an FP fiber, but the sensor manufacturing process is complex and the cost is high. The P.K. Leung of Huawei university utilizes 3D DIC technology to carry out three-dimensional slice observation on displacement of the lithium battery during the cycle work so as to calculate strain, and the phenomenon of uneven strain distribution on the level slice is verified. However, the above-mentioned measuring method requires expensive equipment and complicated measuring steps, and is not practical.
In situ measurement techniques, which are capable of measuring changes in the electrode material during electrochemical cycling, may help researchers understand the reaction mechanism of the active material working process in more detail. At present, the method for measuring the stress of the lithium ion battery in the plane direction is less, the cost is high, only the total stress can be measured, and the stress magnitude and direction of a certain point on the surface of a pole piece cannot be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for in-situ measurement of the strain of a lithium ion battery pole piece, and the method can be used for measuring the strain and the stress with low cost and low difficulty.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) in order to avoid the internal short circuit of the battery, the transformer sheet is subjected to insulation pretreatment:
s1: coating an insulating material on the welding spot of the strain gauge for insulating treatment,
s2: according to the ratio of the area of the strain gauge to the area of the electrode plate in the S1, cutting the substrate of the strain gauge on the premise of not damaging the sensitive grid to reduce the influence on the operation of the battery;
(2) in order to ensure that the measuring result of the strain gauge is accurate, the strain gauge and the electrode plate are rigidly bonded:
s3: drying the positive electrode/negative electrode of the electrode plate to be measured for not less than 6h,
s4: selecting a measuring point on the surface of the electrode plate coated with the active substance, sticking the strain gauge at the selected position by using double-component glue,
s5: putting the electrode slice obtained in the step S4 into an oven, applying pressure of 0.1Mpa on a strain gauge and keeping the pressure constant, heating to 135 ℃ from 25 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for two hours, cooling to 25 ℃,
s6: unloading the pressure, increasing the temperature to 165 ℃ at the heating rate in the step S5, preserving the temperature for two hours, and cooling to 25 ℃;
(3) in order to ensure in-situ observation, the electrode plate with the lead is assembled with other components of the battery:
s7: placing the electrode plate, the strain gauge and other battery materials prepared in the step (2) according to an assembly sequence and adding electrolyte;
1): soft package battery:
s8.1: after the top sealing area is reinforced, the strain gauge lead directly penetrates out of the interlayer of the two aluminum-plastic films, and the aluminum-plastic films are pressed tightly by using the pressing force not more than 200N/cm2 to complete the assembly of the battery;
2): button cell:
s8.2: the strain gauge lead is reinforced by polyimide adhesive tape and then penetrates out of the positive and negative electrode shell interlayers, and the steel shell is closed by using the pressing force not more than 500N/cm2 to complete the assembly of the battery;
the button-type and soft-package batteries are provided with positive electrodes, negative electrodes and strain gauge lead circuit contacts;
(4) in order to obtain accurate strain data, the data is acquired and further processed and noise reduced:
s9: connecting the strain gauge with the lead of the strain gauge in the step (3), connecting a battery detection device with the anode and the cathode of the battery prepared in the step (3),
s10: performing charge-discharge circulation on the battery prepared in the step (3), reading strain measurement data from the strain gauge, collecting unsteady state strain data of the measured circulation,
s11: the strain signal data in S10 is decomposed using daubechies (dbn) wavelet functions with vanishing moments taken as 4 and decomposition levels taken as 17.
And S12, reserving the high-frequency component of the front 10 layers in the detail components obtained in the step S11, setting the coefficients of the rear 7 layers of components to zero, and reconstructing by using a wavelet function to obtain the denoised strain data.
In the above technical solution, the strain gauge of step (1) may be in the form of a single axis, a double axis or a triple axis.
The strain gauge in the step (1) comprises a metal type and an optical type sensing type.
In the step (1), the insulating material in the flow S1 can be vulcanized silicone rubber or an acrylate coating, and the thickness of the coating is not more than 0.5 mm.
In the step (1), the area of the strain gauge in the process S2 is not more than 10% of the total area covered by the active substance of the electrode plate.
The anode material of the lithium ion pole piece in the step (2) is one selected from a spinel structure material, a layered structure material, a ternary material or a lithium-rich material; the negative electrode material is graphite or a silicon-carbon material; the thickness range of the anode material and the cathode material is 0.1-0.4 mm.
In the step (2), the glue overflow distance in the pasting step is less than 1.5mm in the flow S4.
The curing parameters of the glue of the step (2) flows S5 and S6 are determined according to the physical properties of the glue used in the step (2) S4.
In the step (3), the electrolyte is a polymer solid electrolyte of a polyoxyethylene and derivative system thereof or a liquid electrolyte using lithium hexafluorophosphate as a solute in the process S7.
In the step (3), the connection mode of the strain gauge applied in the flow S9 is a three-wire system 1/4 bridge method, which is changed according to the number of the strain gauges and the measurement parameters.
And (4) selecting the wavelet function in the flow S11 according to the signal characteristics obtained by the instrument.
And (4) adjusting the decomposition layer number according to the noise size and adjusting the reserved layer number according to the denoising strength in the flow S12.
Advantageous effects
The invention is a method for measuring the internal electrode strain of a lithium ion battery by using common mechanical strain detection equipment and materials, compared with the prior art, the material cost is obviously reduced, the required instruments are common, the defect that the prior art can only measure the total strain of a grade sheet is solved, the strain on the electrode sheet in any direction can be measured, a complex conversion formula is not needed, and the measurement error is reduced. The method can be implemented for common soft package type batteries and button batteries, and is not influenced by the phase state of electrode materials and electrolyte.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a button cell in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic external view of a button cell in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a data graph of strain and voltage over time for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing original signal data and denoised data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the capacity fade of button cells versus conventional cells in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system in an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1: button cell negative electrode shell, 2: negative electrode sheet, 3: a separator, 4: positive electrode plate, 5: button cell positive electrode can, 6: strain gauge and its lead, 7: button cell with strain gage wire, 8: battery test system, 9: strain-gauge wire, 10: strain gauge, 11: and (4) a computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples, without limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
Example (b):
selecting a uniaxial strain gauge, and coating an acrylate material on a strain gauge welding spot for insulation treatment. The original strain gage substrate size was 3mm x 2mm, the sensitive grid 1mm x 1mm, and the substrate was cut to 2mm x 1.3 mm.
Drying the positive pole piece of NCM523 in a drying oven for 12h, taking out, pasting the strain gauge at the geometric center of the pole piece, applying 0.1Mpa pressure on the strain gauge, keeping constant, heating from room temperature to 135 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, preserving heat for two hours, and cooling to room temperature. The pressure was then relieved, raised to 165 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/min, allowed to warm for two hours and then cooled to room temperature.
The polyimide tape is wrapped on the strain gauge wire to increase the mechanical strength of the strain gauge wire, and then a button cell positive electrode shell, an NCM523 positive electrode plate with the strain gauge, a diaphragm, a negative electrode, a steel sheet and a negative electrode shell are sequentially placed, and electrolyte (1mol LiPF6/EC: DEC: 1 vol%, BASF) is added.
The assembly of the button cells was completed using a pressing force of 1500N/cm 2.
And respectively connecting the strain gauge and the battery detection device with the strain gauge lead and the positive and negative electrodes of the battery.
And setting a battery detection device program, charging and discharging the battery, reading strain measurement data from the strain gauge, namely a pole piece strain value as shown in fig. 3, and collecting the measured cyclic unsteady strain data. Then, the strain signal data in S11 is decomposed by daubechies (dbn) wavelet function, where the vanishing moment is 4, the number of decomposition layers is 17, the high-frequency components of the front 10 layers in the obtained detail components are retained, and the coefficients of the rear 7 layers are set to zero and are reconstructed by the wavelet function, so as to obtain the denoised strain data, as shown in fig. 4.

Claims (9)

1. A method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) in order to avoid the internal short circuit of the battery, the transformer sheet is subjected to insulation pretreatment:
s1: coating an insulating material on the welding spot of the strain gauge for insulating treatment,
s2: according to the ratio of the area of the strain gauge to the area of the electrode plate in the S1, cutting the substrate of the strain gauge on the premise of not damaging the sensitive grid to reduce the influence on the operation of the battery;
(2) in order to ensure that the measuring result of the strain gauge is accurate, the strain gauge and the electrode plate are rigidly bonded:
s3: drying the positive electrode/negative electrode of the electrode plate to be measured for not less than 6h,
s4: selecting a measuring point on the surface of the electrode plate coated with the active substance, sticking the strain gauge at the selected position by using double-component glue,
s5: putting the electrode slice obtained in the step S4 into an oven, applying pressure of 0.1Mpa on a strain gauge and keeping the pressure constant, heating to 135 ℃ from 25 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for two hours, cooling to 25 ℃,
s6: unloading the pressure, increasing the temperature to 165 ℃ at the heating rate in the step S5, preserving the temperature for two hours, and cooling to 25 ℃;
(3) in order to ensure in-situ observation, the electrode plate with the lead is assembled with other components of the battery:
s7: placing the electrode plate, the strain gauge and other battery materials prepared in the step (2) according to an assembly sequence and adding electrolyte;
1): soft package battery:
s8.1: after the top sealing area is reinforced, the strain gauge lead directly penetrates out of the interlayer of the two aluminum-plastic films, and the aluminum-plastic films are pressed tightly by using the pressing force not more than 200N/cm2 to complete the assembly of the battery;
2): button cell:
s8.2: the strain gauge lead is reinforced by polyimide adhesive tape and then penetrates out of the positive and negative electrode shell interlayers, and the steel shell is closed by using the pressing force not more than 500N/cm2 to complete the assembly of the battery;
the button-type and soft-package batteries are provided with positive electrodes, negative electrodes and strain gauge lead circuit contacts;
(4) in order to obtain accurate strain data, the data is acquired and further processed and noise reduced:
s9: connecting the strain gauge with the lead of the strain gauge in the step (3), connecting a battery detection device with the anode and the cathode of the battery prepared in the step (3),
s10: performing charge-discharge circulation on the battery prepared in the step (3), reading strain measurement data from the strain gauge, collecting unsteady state strain data of the measured circulation,
s11: the strain signal data in S10 is decomposed using daubechies (dbn) wavelet functions with vanishing moments taken as 4 and decomposition levels taken as 17.
And S12, reserving the high-frequency component of the front 10 layers in the detail components obtained in the step S11, setting the coefficients of the rear 7 layers of components to zero, and reconstructing by using a wavelet function to obtain the denoised strain data.
2. The method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain according to claim 1, wherein the strain gauge of step (1) is a uniaxial, biaxial or triaxial strain gauge, and the type of the strain gauge is a metal type or an optical type.
3. The method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), in procedure S1, the insulating material is a vulcanized silicone rubber or an acrylate coating, and the thickness of the coating is not more than 0.5 mm.
4. The method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the area of the strain gauge in the process S2 is not more than 10% of the total area covered by the active material of the pole piece.
5. The method for in-situ measurement of the strain of the lithium ion battery pole piece according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery pole piece in the step (2) is one selected from a spinel structure material, a layered structure material, a ternary material or a lithium-rich material; the negative electrode material is graphite or a silicon-carbon material; the thickness range of the anode material and the cathode material is 0.1-0.4 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), in the step of adhering in the flow S4, the glue overflow distance is less than 1.5 mm.
7. The method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte in step (3) and in step S7 is a polymer solid electrolyte of a system of polyoxyethylene and derivatives thereof or a liquid electrolyte with lithium hexafluorophosphate as a solute.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the strain gauge connection method applied in the step (3) of the process S9 is a three-wire 1/4 bridge method, and the method varies according to the number of strain gauges and the measurement parameters.
9. The method for in-situ measurement of lithium ion battery pole piece strain according to claim 1, wherein the wavelet function of the step (4) process S11 is selected according to the characteristics of the signal obtained by the instrument, and the number of decomposition layers of the step (4) process S12 is adjusted according to the noise level and the number of remaining layers is adjusted according to the denoising intensity.
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CN115020851A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-06 电子科技大学 Button cell with expansion force detection function and preparation method thereof
CN115143893A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-10-04 南京航空航天大学 Method for detecting internal strain in-situ of solid-state lithium battery through fiber grating sensor
CN115267571A (en) * 2022-09-19 2022-11-01 天津大学 Battery mechanics parameter testing device
CN116539618A (en) * 2023-04-17 2023-08-04 华东理工大学 Deep learning-based lithium ion battery active material damage degree testing method

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WO2018095434A1 (en) * 2016-11-28 2018-05-31 梅特勒-托利多(常州)精密仪器有限公司 Method and device for fixing strain gauge
CN108663273A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-10-16 上海空间电源研究所 Measure the test method of lithium ion battery mechanical deformation stress

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JP2010032349A (en) * 2008-07-29 2010-02-12 Toyota Motor Corp Charging depth measurement mechanism and measurement method, and secondary battery including the measurement mechanism
CN104600388A (en) * 2015-01-20 2015-05-06 四川大学 Method for monitoring safety performances of batteries and capacitors on line
CN107817286A (en) * 2016-09-14 2018-03-20 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Electrochemical appliance sensor with and production and preparation method thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115143893A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-10-04 南京航空航天大学 Method for detecting internal strain in-situ of solid-state lithium battery through fiber grating sensor
CN115020851A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-06 电子科技大学 Button cell with expansion force detection function and preparation method thereof
CN115020851B (en) * 2022-06-30 2024-10-11 电子科技大学 Button cell with expansion force detection function and preparation method thereof
CN115267571A (en) * 2022-09-19 2022-11-01 天津大学 Battery mechanics parameter testing device
CN116539618A (en) * 2023-04-17 2023-08-04 华东理工大学 Deep learning-based lithium ion battery active material damage degree testing method

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