CN113410326A - Photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide, which is characterized in that: the solar photovoltaic glass comprises a common glass substrate layer used for providing mechanical strength, an optical thin film layer used for planar waveguide transmission and a photovoltaic cell used for receiving sunlight to generate electricity, wherein the optical thin film layer covers the upper surface of the substrate layer, the optical thin film layer comprises a light guide layer and a buffer layer which are arranged up and down, the light guide layer is made of a hybrid material doped with a luminous body, the buffer layer is made of the hybrid material, the refractive index of the light guide layer is greater than that of the buffer layer, and the photovoltaic cell is arranged above or below or around the light guide layer; the advantages are that: the photovoltaic glass window takes common window glass as a substrate, a sunlight luminous plane waveguide consisting of a high-refractive-index light guide layer doped with a luminous body and a buffer layer not doped with a low refractive index is covered on the common window glass, the transmitted light of the glass window can be absorbed in a large area to emit light, and the emitted scattered light with downward shifting light frequency is transmitted to a photovoltaic cell at the edge through the waveguide to generate electricity, so that a zero-energy building is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of luminescent solar concentrators, in particular to a photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguides.
Background
According to the sustainable development agenda 2030 of the united nations, the main targets of the fifteen years in the future are: including taking emergency actions to cope with climate change and continuously managing natural resources, production and consumption to protect the earth from degradation. For this reason, the use of clean and sustainable energy sources is a key challenge. In the European Union, the construction of zero-energy buildings with energy consumption higher than that of the building is promoted, and the development of clean sustainable energy is also one of the national strategies in China.
Solar energy is one of renewable clean energy sources, and Photovoltaic (PV) technology can convert solar energy into electric energy. However, a mismatch between the absorption spectrum and the solar spectrum of a PV cell (Ferreira R A S, Correia S F H, Monguzzi A, et al. Spectral converters for photovoltaics-at' S ahead. mater. today. 2020, 33, 105- "121") results in a lower efficiency of the PV cell. In order to reduce such mismatch, Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC) materials are being developed to improve efficiency of PV cells, and are applied to facades and glass windows of buildings to realize zero-energy buildings, thereby having wide application market prospects. China is a big country for producing solar silicon cells, and the development of high-performance LSC materials can greatly promote the development of China in the fields of green buildings and the like, and eliminate or reduce the demand on fossil energy and the pollution to the environment.
The LSC is composed of a luminophor and an optical waveguide matrix material, wherein the luminophor is generally distributed in the optical waveguide matrix material, solar cells are arranged at two ends of the matrix material, and sunlight is transmitted to the solar cells at the two ends through a luminophor complex after incidence to generate electricity. At present, the luminophores of LSCs are lanthanide organic complexes such as Eu (TTA)3(TTPO)2(TTA = trifluoroacetone, TTPO = triphenylphosphine oxide), [ Eu (Phen)2]Cl3(Phen = phenanthroline) or [ Tb (bpy)2]Cl3(bpy =2, 2' -bipyridine), etc. (Wang T X, Zhang J, Ma W, et al. luminescennt solar concentrator applying raw earth complex with zero self-absorption mass. Sol. energy. 2011, 85(11), 2571-2579.). Quantum dots, e.g. CdS/CdSe, CdSeCdPbS, PbS/CdS, CdSe/CdxZn1-xS, Zn0.87Cd0.11Mn0.02Se/ZnS and the like (Meinardi F, Colombo A, Velizhanin K A, et al, Large-area Luminescent solvent based on stocks-shift-engineered nanocrystals in a mass-polymerized PMMA matrix, nat. Photonics, 2014, 8(5), 392-. Organic dyes such as Lumogen Violet/Yellow dyes, rhodamine, coumarin and xylene (bisimide) derivatives and the like (Kinderman R, Slooff L H, Burgers A R, et al, I-V performance and stability of dye for Luminescent plants J. Sol. Energy trains ASME. 2007, 129(3), 277 @ Reisfeld R, Eyal M, Chemyak V, et al, luminescence solar cells based on fiber films of methyl methacrylate a polyethylene support sol. Energy Mater. 1988, 17(6), 439 455.). And up-conversion materials such as lanthanide series materials (Almeida R M, Sousa N, Rojas-Hernandez R E, et al. Frequency conversion in lantana-doped Sol-Gel derived materials for energy applications. j. Sol-Gel Sci.& Technol. 2020, 95, 520-529.; Liang L L, Liu Y M, Zhao X Z, et al. Double-shell β-NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+/SiO2/TiO2 submicroplates as a scattering and upconverting layer for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49(38): 3958-3960.）。
The substrate material of the LSC is optical glass, organic glass PMMA or organic-inorganic hybrid material (Najafi SI, Andrews M P, Fardad M A, et al. UV-high Integrated surface, ridge and buried so-gel glass waveguides and devices on silicon in Proc. Conf. Integrated Opt. Signal processing 1996, 2954, 100-type 104. Xunzhen, Mingming, Xuzong et al. the anhydrous sol-gel method for preparing organic-inorganic hybrid optical waveguide film, silicate science 2011, 39, 606-type 610.). The optical glass can only be doped with metal ions, but cannot be doped with metal organic complexes, organic dyes and the like, is expensive in manufacturing cost, cannot be used in a large area, and is limited in application in the fields of buildings and the like. Although organic glass PMMA can be doped with metal ion organic complexes and organic dyes, the thermal/optical stability of the organic glass PMMA is poor, the optical degradation and degradation are easy, the strength of the organic glass PMMA is reduced along with the increase of the using time, and hidden troubles exist when the organic glass PMMA is used in the fields of buildings and the like. The hybrid material can be doped with inorganic and organic luminophors due to the characteristics of inorganic network and organic network structures, and the material is not easy to be degraded and degraded by light due to the structure containing the nanoclusters of Ti-O/Zr-O and the like, thereby showing good stability. The LSC of the low-cost hybrid material absorbs sunlight to emit light, and can be condensed to a small-area high-price photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.
The glass window or the glass curtain wall is a component of a modern building, a novel photovoltaic glass window capable of generating electricity is developed, and once the novel photovoltaic glass window can be focused to a photovoltaic cell with a small area and high price by using a low-cost planar waveguide, the density (namely the light efficiency) of the light energy flow entering the photovoltaic cell is improved, so that the power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is improved; and a huge floor area is not needed for placing the photovoltaic cell panel. Therefore, the photovoltaic glass window can become a component of a zero building and has a very wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide, wherein the substrate has higher mechanical strength, and the light guide layer covered on the surface has the characteristics of wide absorption range, orange red light emission, wide light emitting half-height width and the like, and can be transmitted to a photovoltaic cell through the waveguide to generate electricity so as to realize zero-energy buildings.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide, is including the stratum basale that is used for providing mechanical strength, the optical film layer that is used for planar waveguide transmission and be used for receiving the sunlight and the photovoltaic cell of electricity generation, the optical film layer cover the upper surface of stratum basale, the optical film layer including leaded light layer and the buffer layer that sets gradually from top to bottom, the leaded light layer adopt the hybrid material who dopes the luminous body to make, the buffer layer adopt hybrid material to make, just the refracting index of leaded light layer be greater than the refracting index of buffer layer, photovoltaic cell set up top or below or all around of leaded light layer.
In some embodiments, the substrate layer is made of ordinary window glass. Therefore, the composite material has the advantages of convenient material taking, high mechanical strength, good durability, low cost and the like.
In some embodiments, the light guide layer is made of Ru (bpy)3 2+The light guide layer is a uniform film prepared from a doped organic-inorganic hybrid optical material, the light emitting peak of the light guide layer is 588-620nm, the full width at half maximum is 90-120nm, the thickness of the light guide layer is 10-200mm, and the refractive index of the light guide layer is 1.4-1.6. Selecting specific Ru (bpy)3 2+The doped organic-inorganic hybrid optical material is manufactured into a light guide layer with specific thickness and refractive index, can absorb transmitted light in a large area to emit light, and the emitted light frequency downward-shifting scattered light is transmitted to the peripheral edge by a waveguide and is absorbed by a photovoltaic cell with high refractive index to generate electricity.
In some embodiments, the buffer layer is a uniform thin film made of an organic-inorganic hybrid optical material based on an organic silicon polymer, the thickness of the buffer layer is 10-200mm, and the refractive index of the buffer layer is 1.4-1.6. The buffer layer with specific thickness and refractive index lower than that of the light guide layer is made of specific undoped organic-inorganic hybrid optical materials, so that the problem of light transmission caused by high refractive index of the substrate layer when the light guide layer is directly arranged on the substrate layer can be solved, the light conversion rate can be improved by arranging the buffer layer, and the performance of the photovoltaic glass window can be improved.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cells are horizontally arranged and are arranged at the peripheral edge part above the light guide layer or the peripheral edge part of the buffer layer. The photovoltaic cell can be arranged around the light guide layer in a small area, and the scattered light transmitted to the edge by the planar waveguide is absorbed, so that the effect is good, and the attractiveness of the window glass is not influenced.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cells are arranged in an inclined manner and are arranged at the peripheral edge part of the light guide layer, the height of the photovoltaic cells is consistent with the thickness of the light guide layer, and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic cells is 0-10 degrees. The arrangement mode of the photovoltaic cell also has a better effect.
In some embodiments, a metal reflective layer is disposed between the substrate layer and the buffer layer. Therefore, more incident light can be further left in the light guide layer for planar waveguide transmission, and the light conversion efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the preparation of the light guide layer comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing luminous body Ru (bpy)3 2+Anhydrous alcohol solution of Ru (bpy)3 2+The concentration of (A) is 10-100 g/L;
preparing a hybrid material solution, adding alkoxide of Ti, Zr or Mg into the organic silicon polymer, and adjusting the refractive index to a set requirement, wherein the molar ratio range of the alkoxide in the total solution is 0-40%;
thirdly, the luminophor Ru (bpy) obtained in the step one3 2+Mixing anhydrous alcohol solution and the hybrid material solution obtained in the step II uniformly, wherein the solution has Ru (bpy)3 2+The weight percentage of the anhydrous alcohol solution is 0.01-10 wt% of the hybrid material solution, and the high-refractive-index light guide layer is prepared by a spin coating or pulling sol-gel method.
In some embodiments, the anhydrous alcohol solution in step (i) is selected from anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous methanol or anhydrous propanol; the organic silicon polymer in the step (II) is any one or mixture of two or more of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane and 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane.
In some embodiments, the buffer layer is prepared by the following steps: adding ethyl orthosilicate into 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane or 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, adjusting refractive index to set requirement, wherein the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate in the total solution is 0-40%, stirring uniformly, and coating filmPutting into an oven at 80-200%oAnd C, performing heat treatment to obtain the buffer layer with low refractive index.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) from the mechanical properties: the invention does not need to adopt optical glass or white glass (transition ions are less than 0.1 mol%) as a substrate, thereby greatly reducing the cost; the invention takes the prior window glass as a substrate, and spin-coats or draws a sol-gel film to prepare the planar optical waveguide, thereby ensuring higher mechanical strength by the substrate layer, only needing a thin layer of the optical film, having the advantages of convenient preparation, low cost, good photo-thermal durability and the like, and meeting the requirements of the zero-energy building field.
(2) From the optical properties: the invention is composed of a light guide layer and a buffer layer based on Ru (bpy)3 2+The doped (or other luminous ion without limitation) organic-inorganic hybrid optical material film is used as light guide layer, the low refractive index hybrid material film is used as buffer layer to form a solar light-emitting planar waveguide, which is deposited on the glass substrate of a common window, and the photovoltaic cell is attached to the edge of the glass window and is doped with Ru (bpy)3 2+The light guide layer can absorb the transmitted light of the glass window in a large area to emit light, and the emitted light with downward shifting frequency is transmitted to the photovoltaic cell at the edge by the waveguide, and is absorbed by the photovoltaic cell due to high refractive index to generate electricity. Ru (bpy) doped3 2+The organic-inorganic hybrid material light guide layer can be photoluminescence under the excitation from ultraviolet to green light, the peak is located at 588-620nm, the full width at half maximum is 90-120nm, and the light guide layer can be excited from ultraviolet to green light. The structure can use the low-cost planar waveguide to condense light to a photovoltaic cell with small area and high price, and the density (namely the light efficiency) of the light energy flow entering the photovoltaic cell is improved, so that the power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is improved; and a huge floor area is not needed for placing the photovoltaic cell panel, and the attractiveness of the window glass is not influenced.
(3) The invention uses the luminous plane waveguide which has the characteristics of wide absorption range, orange red light emission and wide luminous full width at half maximum and the common window glass as the substrate layer to manufacture the photovoltaic solar cell glass window so as to realize zero energy buildings, thereby having very wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a photovoltaic glazing based on a planar waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of a photovoltaic glazing based on a planar waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a further embodiment of a photovoltaic glazing based on a planar waveguide according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a planar waveguide based photovoltaic glazing of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is λexThe photoluminescence spectrum of the hybrid material doped with the Ru complex under the condition of =285 nm;
FIG. 6 is λexAnd (4) photoluminescence spectrum of the Ru complex doped hybrid material under the condition of 450 nm.
The solar cell comprises a substrate layer 10, an optical thin film layer 20, a light guide layer 21, a buffer layer 22, a photovoltaic cell 30 and a metal reflecting layer 40, wherein arrows indicate incident sunlight.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example one
As shown, a planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing includes a substrate layer 10 for providing mechanical strength, an optical thin film layer 20 for planar waveguide transmission, and a photovoltaic cell 30 for receiving optical energy to generate electricity. The optical thin film layer 20 covers the upper surface of the substrate layer 10, wherein the optical thin film layer 20 comprises a light guide layer 21 and a buffer layer 22 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the light guide layer 21 is made of a hybrid material doped with a luminous body, the buffer layer 22 is made of a hybrid material, the refractive index of the light guide layer 21 is larger than that of the buffer layer 22, and the photovoltaic cell 30 is arranged above or below or around the light guide layer 21.
In this embodiment, a general window glass is used as the base layer 10.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide, which adds to the description of the first embodiment to the specific arrangement of the photovoltaic cell 30. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cells 30 are horizontally arranged, and are arranged at the peripheral edge portion above the light guide layer 21 or the peripheral edge portion of the buffer layer 22, and the thickness of the photovoltaic cells 30 is equal to the thickness of the buffer layer 22 when the photovoltaic cells are arranged at the peripheral edge portion of the buffer layer 22. The light guide layer can absorb the transmitted light of the glass window in a large area to emit light, and the emitted scattered light with downward light frequency is transmitted to the peripheral edge by the waveguide and then absorbed by the photovoltaic cells arranged above, below or on the periphery of the light guide layer to generate power.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide, which adds another structure of the photovoltaic cell 30 on the basis of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cells 30 are arranged in an inclined manner and are arranged at the peripheral edge of the light guide layer 21, the height of the photovoltaic cells 30 is consistent with the thickness of the light guide layer 21, and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic cells 30 is 0 to 10 °. The light guide layer can absorb the transmitted light of the glass window in a large area to emit light, the emitted light frequency downwards moving scattered light is transmitted to the peripheral edge by the waveguide and then absorbed by the photovoltaic cells obliquely arranged on the periphery of the light guide layer to generate power, and the oblique arrangement of the photovoltaic cells is also beneficial to the energy absorption transmitted by the optical waveguide.
Example four
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide, which adds another structure of the photovoltaic cell 30 on the basis of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the light guide layer 21 is made of Ru (bpy)3 2+The light guide layer of the uniform film prepared from the doped organic-inorganic hybrid optical material has a light emitting peak at 588-620nm, a half-height width of 90-120nm, a thickness of 10-200mm and a refractive index of 1.4-1.6.
In this embodiment, the buffer layer 22 is a uniform thin film made of an organic-inorganic hybrid optical material based on an organic silicon polymer, the thickness of the buffer layer 22 is 10-200mm, and the refractive index of the buffer layer 22 is 1.4-1.6.
Because the refractive index of the hybrid layer is possibly lower than that of common glass, the light guide layer with high refractive index and the buffer layer with low refractive index jointly form a daylight luminescent planar waveguide, the daylight luminescent planar waveguide is deposited on a common window glass substrate, and the buffer layer with low refractive index can better retain light in the light guide layer and is composed of luminophores Ru (bpy)3 2+And carrying out planar waveguide transmission.
Preferably, a metal reflective layer 40, such as a silver mirror layer made of a silver material, is disposed between the base layer 10 and the buffer layer 22. Therefore, more incident light can be left in the light guide layer for planar waveguide transmission.
EXAMPLE five
The invention relates to a photovoltaic glass window manufacturing method based on planar waveguide, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of light guide layer
Firstly, preparing luminous body Ru (bpy)3 2+Anhydrous alcohol solution: ru (bpy)3Cl2Dissolving in absolute ethanol, stirring to Ru (bpy)3Cl2Completely dissolving to obtain Ru (bpy)3 2+Red transparent solution with the concentration of 10-100g/L is used for standby;
preparing a hybrid material solution: without solvent, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH 550) is added with catalyst Ba (OH)2·8H2O, stirring uniformly, adding a small amount of diphenyl silanediol (DPSD) powder in batches to avoid self-agglomeration, stirring at room temperature until the DPSD is completely dissolved to obtain a colorless clear solution with the DPSD concentration of 10-50 mol%, and then stirring at 60 DEGoStirring for 1 hr under heating, clarifying, removing Ba (OH)2Filtering the catalyst by using a needle filter to obtain clear hybrid material sol for later use;
③ taking a certain volume of hybrid material sol, adding butyl titanate (TBT) (10-40 mol%) and Ru (bpy)3 2+Stirring the absolute ethyl alcohol solution (0.01-10 wt% of sol) uniformly at room temperature, preparing a film by spin coating or pulling, and performing spin coating or pulling on the film at 200 DEGoAnd C, performing heat treatment for more than 2 hours to prepare the high-refractive-index light guide layer.
2. Preparation of buffer layer
Adding ethyl orthosilicate into 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane or 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, adjusting refractive index to set requirement, wherein the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate in the total solution is 0-40%, stirring uniformly, coating with film, placing into an oven, and heating to 80-200%oAnd C, performing heat treatment to obtain the buffer layer with low refractive index.
3. Preparation of photovoltaic glazing
And attaching the commercial photovoltaic cell piece to the corresponding position of the window glass according to the embodiment, and framing and packaging to obtain the photovoltaic glass window.
FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show photoluminescence spectra of Ru complex-doped hybrid materials at different excitation wavelengths, wherein the abscissa represents wavelength and the ordinate represents intensity, Ru (bpy)3 2+The luminescence spectra at 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% by weight, respectively. It can be seen that in this example, Ru (bpy) is doped3 2+The emission peak of the hybrid material light guide layer is 613nm, can be excited by ultraviolet to green light, and is Ru (bpy)3 2+At 5% in concentration, the fluorescence intensity is maximum, and λ is the excitation wavelengthexThe fluorescence intensity is maximum at around =450 nm. It has been found that in other embodiments, Ru (bpy) is doped3 2+The organic-inorganic hybrid material light guide layer can be photoluminescence under the excitation from ultraviolet to green light, and can be excited from ultraviolet to green light according to the condition that the wave peaks of the ligands are located at 588-620nm and the half-height width is 90-120 nm. The invention adopts Ru (bpy) doped3 2+The glass window of the organic-inorganic hybrid material light guide layer can absorb transmitted light of the glass window in a large area to emit light, and the transmitted light is transmitted to the photovoltaic cell at the edge from the waveguide through the downward movement of the light frequency; simultaneous placement of photovoltaic panels does not requireLarge floor area and no influence on the appearance of the window glass.
EXAMPLE six
The rest of this embodiment is the same as the fifth embodiment, except that: the step II of preparing the light guide layer is to prepare a hybrid material solution by adopting the following method: adding butyl titanate (TBT) into methacrylic acid (MAA) according to a molar ratio of TBT to MAA =1: 1-5 without using a solvent, stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, adding 3- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane (KH 560), stirring uniformly, and adding HNO3(1M) and deionized water, sealing and stirring at room temperature for more than 24 hours to obtain a stable clear solution with the concentration ratio of KH560: TBT =100: 10-50 for later use.
EXAMPLE seven
The rest of this embodiment is the same as the fifth embodiment, except that: the step II of preparing the light guide layer is to prepare a hybrid material solution by adopting the following method: adding TBT into MAA according to a molar ratio of TBT to MAA =1: 1-5 without solvent, stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, adding 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxy silane (KH 570), stirring uniformly, and adding HNO3(1M) and deionized water, sealing and stirring at room temperature for more than 24 hours to obtain a stable clear solution with the concentration ratio of KH570: TBT =100: 10-50 for later use.
In other embodiments, the absolute alcohol solution in step (i) may be selected from absolute ethanol, absolute methanol or absolute propanol; the organosilicon polymer in the step (II) can be any one or a mixture of two or more of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH 550), 3- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH 560) and 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH 570).
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and the present invention may be modified in materials and structures, or replaced with technical equivalents, in the constructions of the above-mentioned various components. Therefore, structural equivalents made by using the description and drawings of the present invention or by directly or indirectly applying to other related arts are also encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide, its characterized in that, including the stratum basale that is used for providing mechanical strength, be used for the optical film layer of planar waveguide transmission and be used for receiving the sunlight and the photovoltaic cell of electricity generation, the optical film layer cover the upper surface of stratum basale, the optical film layer including the leaded light layer and the buffer layer that set gradually from top to bottom, the leaded light layer adopt the hybrid material who is doped with the luminous body to make, the buffer layer adopt hybrid material to make, just the refracting index on leaded light layer be greater than the refracting index of buffer layer, photovoltaic cell set up the top or the below or all around of leaded light layer.
2. The planar waveguide based photovoltaic glazing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the substrate layer is formed from conventional glazing.
3. The photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the light guiding layer is made of Ru (bpy)3 2+The light guide layer is a uniform film prepared from a doped organic-inorganic hybrid optical material, the light emitting peak of the light guide layer is 588-620nm, the full width at half maximum is 90-120nm, the thickness of the light guide layer is 10-200mm, and the refractive index of the light guide layer is 1.4-1.6.
4. The planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing as claimed in claim 3, wherein the buffer layer is a uniform thin film made of organic-inorganic hybrid optical material based on silicone polymer, the thickness of the buffer layer is 10-200mm, and the refractive index of the buffer layer is 1.4-1.6.
5. The planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the photovoltaic cells are arranged horizontally, at the peripheral edge above the light guiding layer or at the peripheral edge of the buffer layer.
6. The planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the photovoltaic cells are disposed in an inclined configuration at peripheral edges of the light guiding layer, the height of the photovoltaic cells corresponding to the thickness of the light guiding layer, the angle of inclination of the photovoltaic cells being between 0 ° and 10 °.
7. A planar waveguide based photovoltaic glazing as claimed in claim 1 wherein a metallic reflective layer is provided between the substrate layer and the buffer layer.
8. The planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing as claimed in claim 3 wherein the preparation of the light guiding layer comprises the steps of:
firstly, preparing luminous body Ru (bpy)3 2+Anhydrous alcohol solution of Ru (bpy)3 2+The concentration of (A) is 10-100 g/L;
preparing a hybrid material solution, adding alkoxide of Ti, Zr or Mg into the organic silicon polymer, and adjusting the refractive index to a set requirement, wherein the molar ratio range of the alkoxide in the total solution is 0-40%;
thirdly, the luminophor Ru (bpy) obtained in the step one3 2+Mixing anhydrous alcohol solution and the hybrid material solution obtained in the step II uniformly, wherein the solution has Ru (bpy)3 2+The weight percentage of the anhydrous alcohol solution is 0.01-10 wt% of the hybrid material solution, and the high-refractive-index light guide layer is prepared by a spin coating or pulling sol-gel method.
9. The planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing as claimed in claim 8, wherein the anhydrous alcohol solution in step (i) is selected from anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous methanol or anhydrous propanol; the organic silicon polymer in the step (II) is any one or mixture of two or more of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane and 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane.
10. A planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing according to claim 4 wherein the buffer layer is prepared by the steps of: adding ethyl orthosilicate into 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane or 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, adjusting refractive index to set requirement, wherein the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate in the total solution is 0-40%, stirring uniformly, coating with film, placing into an oven, and heating to 80-200%oAnd C, performing heat treatment to obtain the buffer layer with low refractive index.
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