CN113407533A - Simulation data storage method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Simulation data storage method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of data storage, and discloses a method and a device for storing simulation data, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The storage method of the simulation result specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring simulation data, wherein the simulation data comprises simulation result data, simulation model data and simulation parameters; analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters to acquire meta information; and storing the simulation result data in a non-relational database according to the meta-information. The simulation result is stored by utilizing the non-relational database, so that the aims of solving the problems of long time delay, difficulty in data analysis and visualization, difficulty in expansion and the like in the process of storing the simulation data in the relational database are fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of data storage, in particular to a method and a device for storing simulation data, electronic equipment and a storage medium.
Background
Digital simulation and semi-physical simulation tests are widely applied in research and development processes in the fields of aviation, aerospace, electric equipment and the like. In these simulation tests, a large amount of simulation data, such as data of simulation models, parameter configurations, simulation results and the like, are valuable technical accumulations and assets, especially simulation result data. But simulation result data often lack effective management: firstly, data are scattered in an engineer computer for carrying out simulation tests, are not stored uniformly, and have potential safety hazards; secondly, the simulation result data generally needs to be matched with special simulation software thereof to read necessary information, even if an engineer adds a description in a directory of a file where the data is located, the engineering related information of a test result cannot be described visually and clearly, and the readability is poor; thirdly, multiple simulation tests are inevitably carried out in the research and development process, GB-level data may be generated in each simulation test, and the continuously increased simulation data is difficult to completely save only by storing the data in a computer file system, so that the expansibility is insufficient. Therefore, a data management platform is needed to uniformly manage the simulation result data so as to meet the management requirements of data integrity, use convenience and visualization. Considering that simulation result data usually shows a structural characteristic, and existing data management platforms generally store data in a manner of combining a relational database and a file system, wherein the relational database is used for storing structural data, and the file system is used for storing unstructured data, therefore, the relational database can be used for storing simulation results.
However, the relational database stores data based on a single relational model, and has integrity constraint, so that when a large amount of stored data is faced, the data reading and writing speed of the relational database is reduced, the efficiency is low, particularly, a large amount of data files are generated by calculation of a simulation test, a huge data file from hundreds of MB to approximately 1GB may be generated by one calculation, and the structured storage of the simulation result data by using the relational database causes a long delay of data access, and is difficult to perform data analysis and visualization. In addition, the data structure of the data file is often changed during simulation calculation, so that the style of the data table is changed every time when the data is structurally stored in the relational database, and the expansion of the database is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for storing simulation data, an electronic device, and a storage medium, so that a non-relational database can be used to store simulation results, and the problems of long delay, difficulty in data analysis and visualization, and difficulty in expansion in storing simulation data in a relational database are solved.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for storing simulation data, including: acquiring simulation data, wherein the simulation data comprises simulation result data, simulation model data and simulation parameters; analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters to acquire meta information; and storing the simulation result data in a non-relational database according to the meta-information.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage apparatus for emulation data, including: the system comprises an acquisition module, a simulation module and a simulation module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring simulation data, and the simulation data comprises simulation result data, simulation model data and simulation parameters; the analysis module is used for analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters to acquire meta-information; and the storage module is used for storing the simulation result data in a non-relational database according to the meta-information.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of storing emulation data as described above.
To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the above-mentioned storage method of simulation data.
According to the simulation data storage method provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the simulation result data, the simulation model data and the simulation parameters are acquired, the simulation model data and the simulation parameters are analyzed, and the meta information is acquired, so that the simulation result data can be stored in the non-relational database according to the meta information, the efficiency of processing the simulation result data is improved by utilizing the strong large-batch data processing capacity of the non-relational database, the time delay is reduced, the data analysis visualization is convenient, the non-relational database does not use a multi-table connection query mechanism, a plurality of tables do not need to be modified when the data is stored, the limitation is few, and the expansibility is high.
In addition, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for storing simulation data, where the acquiring simulation data includes: receiving a storage instruction of a user, wherein the storage instruction carries a local storage path of the simulation data; and acquiring the simulation data according to the local storage path. After receiving a storage instruction of a user, the simulation result data can be quickly acquired from a user local system according to a local storage path carried by the storage instruction.
In addition, in the method for storing simulation data according to an embodiment of the present invention, the storage instruction further carries simulation software information, and the analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters to obtain meta information includes: and extracting the meta-information from the simulation model data and the simulation parameters according to the simulation software information. The simulation software information is beneficial to better understanding the simulation model data and the structure of the simulation parameters, so that the meta-information can be better acquired.
In addition, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for storing simulation data, where the storing the simulation result data in a non-relational database according to the meta information includes: performing data cleaning on the simulation result data according to the meta-information; writing the cleaned simulation result data into a data table to be stored; and storing the data table to be stored in a non-relational database. And the data cleaning is carried out, so that the stored simulation result data is more accurate and effective, and the subsequent user can use the simulation result data for analysis.
In addition, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for storing simulation data, where the simulation result data includes sampling time data and operation result data, and the writing of the cleaned simulation result data into a data table to be stored includes: sequentially writing the sampling time data into row keys of the data table to be stored; sequentially writing the meta information into the column family of the data table to be stored as a column name; and writing the operation result data into a corresponding column according to the corresponding relation between the meta information and the sampling time information and the operation result data.
In addition, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for storing simulation data, where the method further includes: detecting whether the non-relational database stores a data table corresponding to the meta information; if so, acquiring a data table corresponding to the meta information as the data table to be stored; and if not, newly building a data table as the data table to be stored. When the non-relational database stores the data table corresponding to the meta-information, the simulation result data which needs to be stored currently is directly written into the data table, so that one data table can store a large amount of simulation result data with the same meta-information, and further more data can be acquired at one time during subsequent analysis.
In addition, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for storing simulation data, where the method further includes: the simulation result data is stored in a non-relational database according to the meta information, and index information is also generated at the same time; the method further comprises the following steps: receiving a user query instruction, wherein the query instruction carries the index information; and acquiring corresponding simulation result data from the non-relational database according to the index information and displaying the simulation result data to a user. The index information is generated so that a user can quickly and accurately find the simulation result data in the non-relational database according to the index information.
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One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a storage method of simulation data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of step 108 of the method for storing simulation data provided by the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a data representation intent involved in the storage method of simulation data provided by the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a storage method including obtaining emulation data of a data table to be stored according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for storing simulation data including a user query for stored information according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage device for emulation data according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that in various embodiments of the invention, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments. The following embodiments are divided for convenience of description, and should not constitute any limitation to the specific implementation manner of the present invention, and the embodiments may be mutually incorporated and referred to each other without contradiction.
The embodiment of the invention provides a simulation data storage method, which is characterized in that after simulation result data, simulation model data and simulation parameters are acquired, the simulation model data and the simulation parameters are analyzed, and meta information is acquired, so that the simulation result data can be stored in a non-relational database according to the meta information, the efficiency of processing the simulation result data is improved by utilizing the strong large-batch data processing capacity of the non-relational database, the time delay is reduced, the data analysis visualization is convenient, the non-relational database does not use a multi-table connection query mechanism, a plurality of tables do not need to be modified when the data is stored, the limitation is few, and the expansibility is high.
The following describes the implementation details of the storage method of the simulation data of the present embodiment in detail with reference to fig. 1, and the following description is only provided for the convenience of understanding and is not necessary for implementing the present embodiment.
The simulation test generally abstracts actual conditions to obtain a simulation model, then sets or configures simulation parameters based on the simulation model, and finally collects and calculates the obtained simulation result according to a certain sampling time, wherein the simulation model, the simulation parameters and the simulation result are stored in a data file manner.
Specifically, a storage instruction of a user is received, where the storage instruction carries a local storage path of simulation data, and the local storage path points to an address of a data file stored in a local system of the user, so that the user accesses the local system of the user, such as a computer of the user, according to the local storage path to obtain the simulation data, where the simulation result data refers to a data file recording a calculation result of a key parameter in a simulation model, and is generally an equal-step time sequence.
More specifically, a visual interface is provided for the client, when a user needs to store simulation data, the user performs corresponding operations in the visual interface according to the needs of the user through the client, for example, a local storage path of a simulation file to be stored is selected, a storage instruction of the user is generated, and then the data file is searched and acquired in a local storage space, such as a computer of the user, according to the local storage path carried in the storage instruction.
In this embodiment, simulation software corresponding to the simulation data is not limited, and the simulation test may be performed on different simulation software, such as a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), MATLAB, and the like. Therefore, the data file type of the simulation data may be a mat file, an mdl file, a comtrade file, a csv file, a txt file, and the like, and in some simulation software, the simulation model data and the simulation result data may also be stored in different types of data files, such as an MATLAB, where the file type corresponding to the simulation model data is the mdl file and the file type corresponding to the simulation result data is the mat file.
It should be noted that, because different emulation software may have different file types in the data file in which the emulation data is located, the storage instruction may further carry information indicating the file type to describe the different file types and the corresponding emulation software.
And 102, analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters to acquire meta information.
In this embodiment, the meta information includes a variable name, a data dimension, sampling time information, and the like.
Simulation software generally has different compiling requirements, namely, the meta-information in the simulation model data and the simulation parameters may have different characteristics due to different compiling requirements, so that the obtaining of the simulation software information is beneficial to better analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters and obtaining the meta-information. In particular, the storage instructions further include simulation software information that, upon receipt of a user's storage instructions, facilitates extraction of meta-information from the simulation model data and simulation parameters based on the simulation software information.
And 103, storing simulation result data in a non-relational database according to the meta-information.
Specifically, the simulation result data generated by each simulation test may correspond to a plurality of data files, and in order to ensure the integrity of the data, the simulation result data in the plurality of data files are generally stored together, so after the data in one data file is stored, it is further required to detect whether there are other data files to be stored, and the data storage is not stopped until all the data files to be stored generated by one simulation test are stored.
It should be noted that, although the simulation test involves simulation result data, simulation model data and simulation parameters, the simulation model data and the simulation parameters are only applicable in the environment of the original simulation software, and therefore, they only need to be stored in the file system in a file form according to a certain rule, and an index is established according to the file address and content information, and the data and the index are managed by the database. Thus, the present invention does not relate to the storage and management of simulation model data and simulation parameters.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, step 103 specifically includes:
and step 1031, performing data cleaning on the simulation result data according to the meta information.
Specifically, invalid data is removed based on the meta information and processing for ensuring consistency of data is performed.
More specifically, invalid data and valid data in the simulation result data are identified according to the meta information, and then the invalid data are removed from the simulation result data, wherein the invalid data can be error data or data which is not needed by a user, and particularly, the removal of the invalid data can cause data loss at certain sampling moments in the data files, so that the sampling time of the simulation result data is not aligned any more, therefore, data in other data files are processed in the same way to keep consistent, meanwhile, the simulation result data are detected not to be at equal intervals in the data files, and the sampling time of the true result data is not aligned any more, and the sampling time points are supplemented to reach equal intervals, so that the alignment is realized.
For example, when performing multi-machine co-simulation calculation, it is necessary to perform calculation for a plurality of simulation objects at the same time. Sometimes, because a certain object is triggered effectively later, that is, the time when valid data appears is late, the start time of the valid data of the object is different from that of the valid data of other objects, and normal interaction cannot be performed, and finally, simulation data collected by the whole system in a time period before effective triggering becomes invalid data due to lack of interactivity. This requires that the data in the time period before the valid trigger be discarded.
And 1032, writing the cleaned simulation result data into a data table to be stored.
In this embodiment, the simulation result data includes sampling time data and operation result data, for example, a simulation test is performed on simulation software MATLAB, the simulation result data is stored in mat files, and the data content of each mat file is a multidimensional matrix
First row vector of multi-dimensional matrix [ a ]11 a12 … a1n]The data is sampling time data, each numerical value of the data corresponds to a sampling time, the distribution structure operation result data of the data in the multidimensional matrix has a corresponding relation with the meta information and the sampling time, and the rest row vectors are the operation result data of each sampling time corresponding to the meta information such as each variable name and the like, namely, the structure of the matrix reflects the corresponding relation of the meta information and the sampling time information with the operation result data.
Specifically, the sampling time data is sequentially written into the row keys of the data table to be stored, then the meta information is sequentially written into the column family of the data table to be stored as the column name, the data table shown in fig. 3 is obtained, and finally, all the operation result data are sequentially written into the corresponding columns according to the corresponding relationship between the meta information and the sampling time information and the operation result data.
More specifically, when the simulation result data is the structure of the multidimensional matrix as described above, the first row vector of the multidimensional matrix is written into the sequential row key, and the data of each of the remaining rows is sequentially written into a column corresponding to the data table.
It is worth mentioning that, taking MATLAB as an example, one simulation operation may generate a plurality of mat files, and since the step size adopted by the simulation is generally determined by the simulation model and will not change, but the sampling time of different mat files may have integer multiple relationship, the data in different mat files corresponding to the data table is not aligned in the row number. However, the storage method of the simulation result provided by the embodiment can avoid such a problem: and (4) taking the sampling time of the mat file as a row key regardless of the sampling time of the mat file, and correspondingly writing the rest data in the mat file into corresponding columns of the data table.
In this embodiment, the non-relational database is an HBase database, and in other embodiments, the non-relational database may be another non-relational database.
It should be noted that the simulation result data is generally time series data, and the time series intervals of a plurality of data files corresponding to the simulation result data elements in the same batch or the same simulation test are consistent. And the simulation result data of each simulation test basically takes time as a unique retrieval condition, for example, when the attitude and the spatial position of the aircraft are calculated according to the model, the simulation result data generally acquires the attitude and the spatial position of the aircraft at each moment, which is very consistent with the characteristic that the distributed database HBase takes a row key as a unique identifier of the row record, so that the HBase database is adopted to store the simulation result data in the embodiment, which is more consistent with the structural characteristic of the simulation result data, thereby reducing the workload in the processing process and improving the cleaning and storing efficiency of the data.
In some embodiments, before performing step 1032, a data table to be stored is further obtained, as shown in fig. 4, further including:
Specifically, whether the meta information of the stored data table exists in the non-relational database is detected to be consistent with the meta information obtained by analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters in step 102, wherein the consistency of the meta information refers to the fact that the composition and the arrangement of the meta information are the same.
In one example, the obtained meta information is written into a configuration file each time the simulation result data is stored, and detection is performed by matching the meta information in the configuration file in the subsequent process of storing the simulation result data.
It should be noted that the simulation result data generated by the multiple simulation tests can be mutually referred, analyzed and used by the user, and generally, the simulation result data which are mutually referred have the same meta information, so that the data table corresponding to the meta information acquired in the execution step 102 is acquired as the data table to be stored, and the simulation result data generated by the multiple simulation tests can be stored in the same data table, thereby facilitating subsequent data analysis and processing, avoiding searching data for multiple times and ensuring the integrity of the data.
In this embodiment, the newly created method may be to simply create a data table for storing data, or may be to customize a table by a user, for example, read information input by the user on a visual interface and generate a corresponding data table style according to the information.
It should be noted that, before the simulation result data is saved for the first time, the style of the data table needs to be established. The main fields of the data table are designed on the data management software interface, and the main fields comprise the composition structures of data table names, row key names, column family names, column names in each column family and the like, wherein the data table names are self-defined by users and generally take English names related to simulation models. In one example, the data table name is T001 and as the number of times the table is created increases, the row key of the data table is a binary code stream, is no longer than 16 bytes in length, and may be in the format of "custom prefix + trial sequence number + sample timestamp".
In some embodiments, after step 103 is executed, the user can also query the stored information, as shown in fig. 5, which includes:
and 103, storing the simulation result data in the non-relational database according to the meta information and simultaneously generating index information.
The present embodiment does not limit the index information, and may be any information that can be used to search the simulation result data in the database.
And 104, receiving a user query instruction, wherein the query instruction carries index information.
Specifically, a visual interface is provided for the user terminal, and the user obtains a query instruction carrying index information by performing corresponding operation on the visual interface.
And 105, acquiring corresponding simulation result data from the non-relational database according to the index information and displaying the simulation result data to a user.
Specifically, the simulation result data may be directly displayed on a visual interface or opened in a browser, or may be displayed on a visual interface or opened in a browser after the simulation result is subjected to operation processing.
It is worth mentioning that after the index information is generated, a user can search a large amount of data in the non-relational database by using the index information, and then the online analysis and visualization of mass test data can be realized by using a corresponding data processing algorithm, and the structure expansion of processing simulation data is facilitated.
The steps of the above methods are divided for clarity, and the implementation may be combined into one step or split some steps, and the steps are divided into multiple steps, so long as the same logical relationship is included, which are all within the protection scope of the present patent; it is within the scope of the patent to add insignificant modifications to the algorithms or processes or to introduce insignificant design changes to the core design without changing the algorithms or processes.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage apparatus for simulation data, as shown in fig. 6, including:
the obtaining module 601 is configured to obtain simulation data, where the simulation data includes simulation result data, simulation model data, and simulation parameters.
And the analysis module 602 is configured to analyze the simulation model data and the simulation parameters to obtain meta information.
The storage module 603 is configured to store simulation result data in the non-relational database according to the meta information.
It should be understood that the present embodiment is a system embodiment corresponding to the method embodiment, and the present embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the method embodiment. The related technical details mentioned in the method embodiment are still valid in this embodiment, and are not described herein again in order to reduce repetition. Accordingly, the related art details mentioned in the present embodiment can also be applied in the method embodiment.
It should be noted that, all the modules involved in this embodiment are logic modules, and in practical application, one logic unit may be one physical unit, may also be a part of one physical unit, and may also be implemented by a combination of multiple physical units. In addition, in order to highlight the innovative part of the present invention, a unit which is not so closely related to solve the technical problem proposed by the present invention is not introduced in the present embodiment, but this does not indicate that there is no other unit in the present embodiment.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, as shown in fig. 7, including:
at least one processor 701; and the number of the first and second groups,
a memory 702 communicatively coupled to the at least one processor 701; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory 702 stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 701 to enable the at least one processor 701 to perform the method of storing simulation data according to the above embodiment of the present invention.
The memory and the processor are connected by a bus, which may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, linking together one or more of the various circuits of the processor and the memory. The bus may also link various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. A bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver may be one element or a plurality of elements, such as a plurality of receivers and transmitters, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The data processed by the processor is transmitted over a wireless medium via an antenna, which further receives the data and transmits the data to the processor.
The processor is responsible for managing the bus and general processing and may also provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. And the memory may be used to store data used by the processor in performing operations.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium which stores a computer program. The computer program realizes the above-described method embodiments when executed by a processor.
Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the method of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, where the program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a device (which may be a single chip, a chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific embodiments for practicing the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (10)
1. A storage method of simulation data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring simulation data, wherein the simulation data comprises simulation result data, simulation model data and simulation parameters;
analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters to acquire meta information;
and storing the simulation result data in a non-relational database according to the meta-information.
2. The method for storing simulation data according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring simulation data comprises:
receiving a storage instruction of a user, wherein the storage instruction carries a local storage path of the simulation data;
and acquiring the simulation data according to the local storage path.
3. The method for storing simulation data according to claim 2, wherein the storage instruction further carries simulation software information, and the analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters to obtain meta information includes:
and extracting the meta-information from the simulation model data and the simulation parameters according to the simulation software information.
4. The storage method of simulation data according to claim 1, wherein the storing the simulation result data in a non-relational database according to the meta information comprises:
performing data cleaning on the simulation result data according to the meta-information;
writing the cleaned simulation result data into a data table to be stored;
and storing the data table to be stored in a non-relational database.
5. The method for storing simulation data according to claim 4, wherein the simulation result data includes sampling time data and operation result data, and the writing the cleaned simulation result data into the data table to be stored includes:
sequentially writing the sampling time data into row keys of the data table to be stored;
sequentially writing the meta information into the column family of the data table to be stored as a column name;
and writing the operation result data into a corresponding column according to the corresponding relation between the meta information and the sampling time information and the operation result data.
6. The method of storing simulation data according to claim 4, further comprising:
detecting whether the non-relational database stores a data table corresponding to the meta information;
if so, acquiring a data table corresponding to the meta information as the data table to be stored;
and if not, newly building a data table as the data table to be stored.
7. The storage method of simulation data according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein index information is generated while storing the simulation result data in a non-relational database according to the meta information;
the method further comprises the following steps:
receiving a user query instruction, wherein the query instruction carries the index information;
and acquiring corresponding simulation result data from the non-relational database according to the index information and displaying the simulation result data to a user.
8. An apparatus for storing emulation data, comprising:
the system comprises an acquisition module, a simulation module and a simulation module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring simulation data, and the simulation data comprises simulation result data, simulation model data and simulation parameters;
the analysis module is used for analyzing the simulation model data and the simulation parameters to acquire meta-information;
and the storage module is used for storing the simulation result data in a non-relational database according to the meta-information.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and the number of the first and second groups,
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform a method of storing simulation data according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the storage method of simulation data according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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