CN113406312B - Method for rapidly evaluating printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based material and application - Google Patents
Method for rapidly evaluating printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based material and application Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113406312B CN113406312B CN202110624836.9A CN202110624836A CN113406312B CN 113406312 B CN113406312 B CN 113406312B CN 202110624836 A CN202110624836 A CN 202110624836A CN 113406312 B CN113406312 B CN 113406312B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- slump
- printing
- printable
- fluidity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
- G01N33/383—Concrete, cement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of a cement-based material and application thereof. According to the Bingham fluid theory and technological parameters, the printable range of the rheological parameters of the slurry is determined, and then according to the linear relation between the rheological parameters and the fluidity and slump, the printable threshold interval of the fluidity and slump which are easier to obtain through simple tests is established. The printability of the existing slurry and its optimal printable window period (Open time) can be rapidly evaluated by combining the threshold interval with the fluidity test. Compared with the prior art, the method can improve the efficiency of 3D printing concrete mix proportion design and reduce the test cost. In addition, the method can independently calculate the theoretical threshold according to the actual printing system and parameter configuration, and has strong applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing building materials, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of a cement-based material and application thereof.
Background
The 3D printing process of extruded concrete determines that the printing paste needs to meet unique rheological requirements to achieve good printability. The printability of the slurry means that the rheological parameter of the slurry is just maintained in a certain specific range, and meanwhile, the slurry has better fluidity so that the slurry can be extruded smoothly and has better collapse-keeping performance so that the slurry has certain shaping capability after being extruded. Early Le et al examined extrudability and constructability of the slurry by continuously extruding length and number of printable layers, respectively, and the evaluation of constructability was based primarily on visual inspection of the underlying layer without significant distortion. With the development of 3D printing technology in the building field in recent years, methods for evaluating printability through rheological properties such as yield stress, fluidity, shear strength and the like have been derived. However, since the current 3D printing system does not form a unified standard, various parameters obtained by those skilled in the art can be printed in different ranges, so that the applicability of the above-mentioned evaluation method is not strong. In addition, when the person skilled in the art performs the mix ratio design, most of them determine the printable formulation through the pre-printing test, and then reversely measure the printable range of the relevant evaluation index instead of the forward design. Therefore, a rapid, efficient and highly universal evaluation method is needed, guidance is provided for forward design of the 3D printing cement-based material, test cost in the mix proportion design stage is reduced, and working efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and application for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of a cement-based material, which can rapidly and efficiently evaluate the printability of the cement-based material with low cost and strong universality.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly assessing the printability of a slurry in 3D printing of a cementitious material, comprising the steps of:
(1) According to the thixotropic theory of Bingham fluid and by combining actual printer system parameters, the optimal yield stress range of the printable slurry is obtained: τ 1 ＜τ＜τ 2 ；
(2) By the linear relationship of yield stress τ and slump s: τ=3.30ρ (H-s), where ρ is the slurry density, H is the slump cylinder height, resulting in a slump printable range: s is(s) 1 ＜s＜s 2 ；
(3) To ensure the accuracy of the evaluation, the evaluation is carried out with the aid of the table jump mobility index d, and the mobility range can be determined according to reference values provided by documents or equipment manufacturers: d, d 1 ＜d＜d 2 ；
(4) After the preparation of the slurry is finished, slump and table jump fluidity tests are respectively carried out at more than one different time nodes, after slump value s and fluidity value d are obtained, normalization treatment is carried out, and slump index p is carried out s Fluidity index p d Drawing in the same scatter diagram; wherein,
from the scatter plot, the evaluation criteria are as follows:
(4-1)p 1 as threshold for meeting extrudability, p 2 As a threshold for meeting constructability; when p is s 、p d At the same time fall at p 1 、p 2 When in between, is considered to satisfy printability; wherein,
(4-2) fitting the scattergram to obtain a time loss curve of the fluidity of the slurry, wherein the flatter the curve is, the longer the printable window period is, the curve and p 1 、p 2 The best printable window period is the intersection points.
Preferably, the optimum yield stress range of step (1) is derived as follows:
said τ 1 For post-coating pressure P layer Said τ 2 Is the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion device extrusion Wherein the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion device extrusion Provided by the manufacturer or obtained from actual measurements, the post-coating pressure P layer For the dead weight pressure of the subsequent printing layer, is a function of time t, p layer =ρgh (t), where: ρ is the slurry density, g=9.8N/kg, h is the print layer height.
Use of a method for rapidly assessing the printability of a slurry in 3D printing of a cementitious material in 3D printing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the prior art, the method has the characteristics of high speed, high efficiency, low test cost and the like, and more importantly, the method is not influenced by a printing system, has strong universality, can independently calculate the printable range of the index aiming at different printers, and provides guidance and basis for forward design of the mixing ratio. The blindness of determining the printability by on-site printing in the 3D printing concrete mix proportion design stage is avoided, and the material resources and the manpower resources are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of rapidly assessing slurry printability in 3D printing of a cementitious material;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method for processing evaluation index data and evaluation criteria according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a plot of evaluation index scatter of slump test and diving table flow test in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based materials, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following specific steps:
(1) Determining upper and lower thresholds for yield stress τ of printable slurries
According to the thixotropic theory of the Bingham fluid, the optimal yield stress range of the printable slurry is obtained by combining the actual printer system parameters.
Bingham fluid refers to a linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate, but only begins to flow when the shear stress is greater than the yield stress; the fluid has a gel structure at rest.
When the optimal yield stress range for printing the slurry is calculated theoretically, the maximum extrusion force provided by the extruding device of the printing system and the overlying pressure required to be born by the slurry in the deposition process, which is determined by the size of the nozzle, the discharging speed and the like, are considered.
The printability of the 3D printing material means that the slurry has a certain fluidity and can be extruded smoothly, and after extrusion, the slurry can lose fluidity to bear the coating pressure of the subsequent printing layer. Therefore, the yield stress τ of the theoretical printable slurry should be less than the maximum extrusion stress P provided by the extrusion device extrusion But is greater than the dead weight pressure P of the subsequent printing layer layer I.e. the yield stress τ should be:
P layer ＜τ＜P extrusion
wherein, the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion device extrusion The material can be provided by equipment manufacturers or obtained according to actual measurement, the larger the value is, the more favorable the material is discharged, namely, the smaller the limiting effect of the extrusion type is, and the larger the adjustable range of the mixing ratio is; the extrusion forces available from the feed systems of the various printers are different, and generally: p (P) Pumping type ＞P Closed extrusion type ＞P Open screw type . Post-coating pressure P layer Directly related to the actual printing parameters of printing speed, nozzle diameter, etc., is a function of time t, abbreviated herein as p layer =ρgh (t), where: ρ is the slurryDensity, g=9.8N/kg, h is print layer height.
The optimum yield stress range of the printable slurry can be determined from the above equation:
τ 1 ＜τ＜τ 2
(2) Obtaining the slump range of printable slurry according to the linear relation between the yield stress tau and the slump s
The yield stress test cost is high, and the slump test is widely applied to the evaluation of slurry workability in engineering practice, and has the characteristics of convenient operation, low test cost and the like. Concerning the relation between yield stress and slump, there has been a more intensive study, and according to the theoretical results in the literature (Chidiac S E, habibbeigi F, chan D.Slump and slump flow for characterizing yield stress of fresh concrete [ J ]. Aci Materials Journal,2006,103 (6): 413-418.), the linear relation between yield stress τ and slump S is: τ=3.30ρ (H-s), where ρ is the slurry density, H is the slump cylinder height, resulting in a slump printable range:
s 1 ＜s＜s 2
(3) To improve the accuracy of the evaluation, the jump table fluidity index d can be used for the evaluation
The printable range of the diving desk fluidity d can be determined according to a reference value provided by a literature or equipment manufacturer:
d 1 ＜d＜d 2
(4) Slump test and diving table flow test
After the slurry preparation is completed, at 2 different time nodes t 1 、t 2 Respectively carrying out slump and table jump fluidity tests to obtain a slump value s and a fluidity value d, carrying out normalization treatment and obtaining a slump index p s Fluidity index p d Drawn in the same scattergram as shown in fig. 2.
In this embodiment, 2 different time nodes can be expanded into a plurality of time nodes, and the fitting of the multi-point data into a curve (the fitting of two points into a straight line) can more accurately reflect the time loss of the fluidity of the slurry.
According to the illustration of fig. 2, the evaluation criteria are as follows:
(a)p 1 as threshold for meeting extrudability, p 2 As a threshold for meeting constructability; when p is s 、p d At the same time fall at p 1 、p 2 When in between, is considered to satisfy printability.
(b) Fitting the scatter diagram can obtain an elapsed loss curve of the fluidity of the slurry, and the flatter the curve is, the longer the printable window period is, the curve and p 1 、p 2 The best printable window period (Open time) is between the intersections, i.e. t in FIG. 2 1 ～t 2 。
Example 2
A method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based materials comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Determining upper and lower thresholds for yield stress τ of printable slurries
The embodiment adopts a desktop concrete (mortar) 3D printer developed by Jian-yan Hua-Ji corporation, the extruding device is an opening spiral type, the extrusion force which can be provided is smaller, and the extrusion stress P is smaller extrusion 500Pa is taken.
In this example the slurry density ρ=1.65 g/cm 3 A20 mm circular nozzle was used, and the monolayer height h was 10mm. Considering that the strength of the lower printing layer is continuously improved along with the hydration, the dead weight of the subsequent printing layer is not completely born by the yield stress of the slurry. Thus, P layer Can be simplified into dead weight pressure of 2 printing layers. The layer height h is originally a function of time t: h (t), which in this example is reduced to a constant of 2 layers high, i.e. 10mm for a single layer, and 0.02m for two layers high, according to formula P layer =ρgh (t), yielding: p is p layer ＝1.65×10 3 ×9.8×0.02＝323.4Pa。
Thus, the yield stress of the printable slurry should satisfy:
323.4Pa＜τ＜500Pa
(2) Obtaining the slump range of printable slurry according to the linear relation between the yield stress tau and the slump s
The linear relationship of yield stress τ and slump s is: τ=3.30ρ (H-s), i.e
The slump cylinder height h=0.15 mm in this example.
Thus, the slump range of the printable slurry is:
58.2mm＜s＜90.6mm
namely, the slump s is preferably about 74 mm.
(3) To improve the accuracy of the evaluation, the jump table fluidity index d can be used for the evaluation
The printable range of the fiber cement-based printing material in this embodiment is:
120mm＜d＜180mm
i.e. the diving table has a mobility d of about 150 mm.
(4) Slump test and diving table flow test
After the slurry preparation is completed, two (or three) slump tests and a diving table fluidity test are respectively carried out at different time periods. In order to map the slump value s and the fluidity value d in the same scattergram, the data is normalized.
According to the illustration in fig. 3, the normalization process of slump s is as follows:
then the slump s corresponding evaluation index p s Lower threshold p of (2) 1 Upper threshold p 2 The method comprises the following steps of:
slump index p of printable slurry s The following should be satisfied: p is 0.78 < s ＜1.22。
In the same way, the table jump mobility value can be normalized and a table jump mobility index p can be obtained d Is defined in the following range: p is 0.8 < p d ＜1.2。
For the fiber cement-based slurry in this example, the slurry was treated with water for 12min (t 1 )、22min(t 2 ) Two slump tests and table jump flow tests were performed and the data are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 example 2 slump and table jump flow measured values and normalization results
According to the illustration of fig. 3, the evaluation criteria are as follows:
(a) When p is s ，p d And falls between the two thresholds, the printability is considered to be satisfied. Slump index p at 22min in this example s And diving table fluidity index p d All falling outside the printable range, are considered to be unsatisfactory in extrudability and constructability.
(b) The curve obtained by the scatter fitting in fig. 3 reflects the time-dependent loss of slurry fluidity, with a flatter curve indicating a slower time-dependent loss of fluidity and a longer printable window period. The printable window period of the slurry in the embodiment is 5-17 min after water is added.
Claims (2)
1. A method for rapidly assessing the printability of a slurry in 3D printing of a cementitious material, comprising the steps of:
(1) According to the thixotropic theory of Bingham fluid and by combining actual printer system parameters, the optimal yield stress range of the printable slurry is obtained: τ 1 ＜τ＜τ 2 ；
The optimum yield stress range is derived as follows:
said τ 1 For post-coating pressure P layer Said τ 2 Is the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion device extrusion Wherein the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion device extrusion Provided by the manufacturer or obtained from actual measurements, the post-coating pressure P layer For the dead weight pressure of the subsequent printing layer, is a function of time t, P layer =ρgh (t), where: ρ is the slurry density, g=9.8N/kg, h is the print layer height;
(2) By the linear relationship of yield stress τ and slump s: τ=3.30 (H-s), where ρ is the slurry density, H is the slump cylinder height, resulting in a slump printable range: s is(s) 1 ＜s＜s 2 ；
(3) To ensure the accuracy of the evaluation, the evaluation is carried out with the aid of the table jump mobility index d, and the mobility range can be determined according to reference values provided by documents or equipment manufacturers: d, d 1 ＜d＜d 2 ；
(4) After the preparation of the slurry is finished, slump and table jump fluidity tests are respectively carried out at more than one different time nodes, after slump value s and fluidity value d are obtained, normalization treatment is carried out, and slump index p is carried out s Fluidity index p d Drawing in the same scatter diagram; wherein,
from the scatter plot, the evaluation criteria are as follows:
(4-1)p 1 as threshold for meeting extrudability, p 2 As a threshold for meeting constructability; when p is s 、p d At the same time fall at p 1 、p 2 When in between, is considered to satisfy printability; wherein,
(4-2) fitting the scattergram to obtain a time loss curve of the fluidity of the slurry, wherein the flatter the curve is, the longer the printable window period is, the curve and p 1 、p 2 The best printable window period is the intersection points.
2. Use of a method of rapidly assessing the printability of a slurry in 3D printing of a cementitious material as claimed in claim 1 in 3D printing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110624836.9A CN113406312B (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | Method for rapidly evaluating printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based material and application |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110624836.9A CN113406312B (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | Method for rapidly evaluating printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based material and application |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113406312A CN113406312A (en) | 2021-09-17 |
| CN113406312B true CN113406312B (en) | 2023-05-23 |
Family
ID=77676373
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110624836.9A Active CN113406312B (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | Method for rapidly evaluating printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based material and application |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113406312B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114102797B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-01-31 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Quantification device for printing performance of 3D printing building material and using method thereof |
| CN114357773A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-15 | 海南热带海洋学院 | Method and device for judging printability of food material |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108318381A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-07-24 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of optimization method of cement-based material 3D printing performances |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101063652B (en) * | 2006-04-29 | 2010-09-29 | 赵文成 | Mass-flow instrument |
| AU2017326927A1 (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2019-03-21 | Armatron Systems, LLC | Method of reinforced cementitious construction by high speed extrusion printing and apparatus for using same |
| CN106645661B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2019-07-12 | 中建商品混凝土有限公司 | A kind of building 3D printing material builds the test device and test method of performance |
| EP3703919A4 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2021-07-21 | The Regents of The University of Michigan | Self-reinforced cementitious composite compositions for building-scale three dimensional (3d) printing |
| CN109085326B (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2021-10-26 | 北京工业大学 | Pressure slide tube instrument device for detecting pumpability of concrete and evaluation method |
| CN109384437B (en) * | 2018-10-03 | 2021-05-11 | 东南大学 | Hybrid fiber cement-based composite material for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
| CN109942262B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2021-06-22 | 东南大学 | Fiber reinforced cement-based material for 3D printing, preparation, performance evaluation and application |
| JP7352395B2 (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2023-09-28 | 前田建設工業株式会社 | Extrudability evaluation device and evaluation method for cement-based materials |
-
2021
- 2021-06-04 CN CN202110624836.9A patent/CN113406312B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108318381A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-07-24 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of optimization method of cement-based material 3D printing performances |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113406312A (en) | 2021-09-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN113406312B (en) | Method for rapidly evaluating printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based material and application | |
| Trtnik et al. | Possibilities of using the ultrasonic wave transmission method to estimate initial setting time of cement paste | |
| CN103196794B (en) | Automatic testing system used for testing fresh mixing performance of concrete | |
| CN101980014A (en) | Method for testing adaptability of polycarboxylic water reducer and cement | |
| Seabra et al. | Rheological behaviour of hydraulic lime-based mortars | |
| Ducoulombier et al. | “The slug test”: inline assessment of yield stress for extrusion-based additive manufacturing | |
| Khademi et al. | MEASURING COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PUZZOLAN CONCRETE BY ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY METHOD. | |
| Ouchi et al. | Improvement in self-compacting properties of fresh concrete by eliminating large air bubbles using an antifoaming agent | |
| Rahman et al. | Effect of geometry, gap, and surface friction of test accessory on measured rheological properties of cement paste | |
| CN111393046A (en) | High-performance 3D printing cement and preparation method thereof | |
| Markin et al. | Investigation on structural build-up of 3D printable foam concrete | |
| CN103837578B (en) | A kind of test method evaluating Binder Materials resisting chlorides erosiveness | |
| US7225682B2 (en) | Method, apparatus and system for monitoring hardening and forecasting strength of cementitious material | |
| Yu et al. | Research on production, performance and fibre dispersion of PVA engineering cementitious composites | |
| CN111718137B (en) | Moderate-heat 3D printing cement and preparation method thereof | |
| Tian et al. | Mathematical model relating uniaxial compressive behavior of manufactured sand mortar to MIP-derived pore structure parameters | |
| Spychał | The rheology of cement pastes with the addition of hydrated lime and cellulose ether in comparison with selected properties of plastering mortars | |
| CN109408835B (en) | Wall putty construction rheological parameter range determination method | |
| CN106680146A (en) | Determination method for water consumption in concrete mixing ratio, and slump test apparatus | |
| CN108469387B (en) | Method for measuring internal and external wall putty anti-variability performance by adopting elongation at break | |
| Skripkiūnas et al. | Rheological behaviour modelling of cement paste with nanotubes and plasticizer | |
| CN114014606B (en) | Slurry preparation and pore detection method for concrete surface pore marking | |
| CN219777411U (en) | Fresh cement paste flow property testing device | |
| Nair et al. | Flow Characterization of Three-Dimensional Printable Cementitious Pastes during Extrusion Using Capillary Rheometry. | |
| Cavalaro et al. | Selected Test Methods for Assessing Fresh and Plastic-State 3D Concrete Printing Materials |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |