CN113404438B

CN113404438B - Pressure-reducing and speed-increasing PDC diamond bit

Info

Publication number: CN113404438B
Application number: CN202110856110.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于振忠; 李胜景; 付庆林; 保有海
Original assignee: Weifang Shengde Petroleum Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Weifang Shengde Petroleum Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-28
Filing date: 2021-07-28
Publication date: 2022-04-26
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-28
Also published as: CN113404438A

Abstract

The invention discloses a pressure-reducing and speed-increasing PDC diamond bit, which mainly relates to the technical field of diamond bits and comprises a regulating mechanism and an implementing mechanism; the regulating mechanism comprises a fixed part, a transmission part, an intermittent part and a telescopic part; the implementation mechanism comprises a drill bit part and an extraction part, cutting teeth are arranged on the drill bit part, a fixing part is a shell of the whole device, a transmission part is responsible for providing main power, an intermittent part is responsible for being matched with the drill bit part, the position of the cutting teeth on the drill bit part is adjusted by utilizing a telescopic part, new cutting teeth are replaced for use, and the extraction part is responsible for actively extracting chips generated when the cutting teeth drill.

Description

Pressure-reducing and speed-increasing PDC diamond bit

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of diamond bits, in particular to a pressure-reducing and speed-increasing PDC diamond bit.

Background

In order to exploit underground oil and gas resources, drilling through underground formations by using a drilling tool is required; the drilling tools generally comprise a derrick, a rotary table, a kelly bar, a drill rod, a drill collar and a drill bit from the ground to the underground in sequence; wherein the drill bit cuts the earth formation to drill the wellbore. The drill bit cuts the formation while producing a large amount of cuttings downhole, and in order to remove these cuttings to the surface, drilling fluid must be injected through the interior of the drill string while drilling, which is ejected from the drill bit and returns to the surface through the annular space between the drill string and the formation, thereby carrying the cuttings to the surface. However, the drilling fluid produces a very large hold on the fluid column at the bottom of the well, for example, for a 3000 meter deep borehole, drilling with a drilling fluid density of 1.1g/cm3 would achieve a pressure of 33 MPa. The outlet direction of the water hole of the existing drill bit is downward along the well depth direction, and the included angle between the outlet direction of the water hole and the positive direction of the axis of the drill bit is 0-60 degrees, drilling fluid directly impacts the well bottom after flowing out of the water hole, and rock debris cut by the drill bit is pressed and held at the well bottom under the action of huge pressing force, so that the rock debris is not easy to remove, and the rock debris removing efficiency is greatly reduced. Drill bits in the prior art generally have a spiral chip groove formed in a drill body to discharge slurry from the chip groove.

In addition, in the drilling process of deep wells and ultra-deep wells, the drill bit is repeatedly broken due to the huge pressure holding force of the drilling fluid column; for a well section with a complex stratum, such as a gravel-containing coarse sandstone stratum, the stress state of teeth at the outermost periphery of the drill bit is severe, and phenomena such as abrasion failure, tooth breakage or falling off are easily caused, so that the drill bit loses aggressiveness, the drilling speed is reduced, the drilling efficiency is reduced, and the drilling cost is increased. Therefore, how to reduce the pressure to remove the chips and how to reduce the damage to the drill bit under the huge pressure is an urgent problem to be solved.

In the prior art, the patent with the application number of CN202011373587.2 discloses a rock breaking PDC diamond bit, which comprises a body and at least three fixed cutting blades arranged on the body, wherein a bit leg is arranged between two adjacent blades, a cone is arranged on the bit leg, first cutting teeth are arranged on the cone, a main cutting layer is arranged on each blade, and a water spraying hole is formed in the side part of each blade. Although the patent can drill in a hard formation, the diamond cutter particles are not easy to break, but the patent only aims at the technical problem that a drill bit is easy to break in the hard formation, the design of the drill bit does not relate to the technical problem of how to discharge chips when the pressure is large, and the technical problem of how to effectively protect cutting teeth in large pressure cannot be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a pressure-reducing and speed-increasing PDC diamond bit aiming at the technical problems, which comprises a regulating mechanism and an implementation mechanism, wherein the implementation mechanism is arranged on the regulating mechanism, and the regulating mechanism comprises a fixed part, a transmission part and an intermittent part; the implementation mechanism comprises a drill bit part and an extraction part; the drill bit component is provided with cutting teeth; the transmission component drives the intermittent component to descend when rotating, the intermittent component rotates when descending and pushes the drill bit component to slide on the fixing component to loosen the positioning of the cutting teeth, the intermittent component is provided with a telescopic component, and the telescopic component is driven to be matched with the drill bit component when descending to adjust the position of the cutting teeth to realize the replacement of the cutting teeth; the extraction component rotates to extract the debris when the transmission component rotates.

Furthermore, the intermittent part comprises an inclined plane support and a rotating frame, and the transmission part rotates on the inclined plane support to extrude the inclined plane support to descend; the rotary frame is provided with a lower roller, the lower roller drives the rotary frame to rotate when sliding on the inclined plane support, and the rotary frame drives the drill bit component to slide on the fixing piece to loosen the cutting teeth. A plurality of components can be driven to run simultaneously through one transmission component, and the efficiency is higher.

Furthermore, the drill bit component comprises a fixed seat frame, a horizontal frame and a cutter head, wherein the fixed seat frame is arranged on the fixed component, and a rotating gear is rotatably arranged on the fixed seat frame; the horizontal stand slidable mounting on fixed part, the horizontal stand on be provided with the slider through the connecting rod, the slider fix a position the blade disc, the blade disc rotate and install on fixed part, the blade disc on fixed mounting have a side gear, side gear and telescopic part cooperation.

Further, the telescopic part include interior round seat, interior round seat fixed mounting on the inclined plane support, interior round seat internal fixation install the cylinder, install the support frame on the output of cylinder, the support frame on be provided with the gyro wheel, last gyro wheel drive sloping block frame slide on interior round seat, sloping block frame on fixed mounting have interior rack, the internal rack with the side gear cooperation.

Furthermore, the transmission part comprises a toothed ring with claws, the toothed ring with claws is rotatably arranged on the fixed part and is matched with the pawl, and the pawl is fixedly provided with a transmission roller through a round wheel; the claw-containing gear ring drives the extraction part to extract the scraps when rotating.

Further, the extraction part comprises an external gear, the external gear is matched with the toothed ring with the claw, and a spiral cutter is fixedly mounted on the external gear.

Further, the fixed part include the protective housing, the protective housing in fixed mounting have mount pad and center seat, the center seat on fixed mounting have the pillar, the center seat on be provided with big spring.

Further, the drill bit components are provided in groups. Multiple sets are provided to facilitate the earth boring operation.

Furthermore, the extraction parts are provided with a plurality of groups, and the number of the extraction parts is the same as that of the drill bit parts. The debris discharging efficiency is higher due to the multiple groups of the extracting parts.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the invention can position the cutting teeth through the drill bit part, and when the cutting teeth are needed to be used, the drill bit part is driven to loosen the positioning of the cutting teeth through the matching of the transmission part and the intermittent part, so that the cutting teeth are changed in position, and new cutting teeth are exchanged for use, thereby realizing the function of periodically replacing the cutting teeth, reducing the condition of tooth breakage caused by long-term use of one cutting tooth, and integrally protecting the drill bit; 2. the transmission component can drive the extraction component to rotate, and the extraction component actively pumps the debris at the bottom of the well upwards, so that the original debris discharge mode is changed, and the debris discharge efficiency is greatly improved; 3. through the cooperation of the regulating mechanism and the implementing mechanism, the influence of pressure on the cutting teeth and the chip discharge can be reduced to the greatest extent at the bottom of a well with larger depth under the condition of larger pressure.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a control mechanism according to the present invention.

Fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 7 are schematic structural diagrams of the regulating mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a portion of the regulating mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 8 and 11 are schematic front views of the structure of the mechanism for implementing the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic bottom view of the mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be further described with reference to specific examples, which are provided by way of illustration and description of the invention, but are not intended to be limiting thereof.

Example (b): the pressure-reducing and speed-increasing PDC diamond bit as shown in FIGS. 1-11 comprises a regulating mechanism 1 and an implementing mechanism 2.

As shown in fig. 2-7, the mounting seat 102 is fixedly mounted on the protective casing 101, the center seat 103 is fixedly mounted on the protective casing 101, the support post 104 is fixedly mounted on the center seat 103, the motor 105 is fixedly mounted on the protective casing 101, the main gear 106 is fixedly mounted on the shaft of the motor 105, the toothed ring 107 with claws is rotatably mounted on the protective casing 101, the circular wheel 108 is fixedly mounted on the pawl 109, the pawl 109 is rotatably mounted on the protective casing 101, the driving roller 110 is fixedly mounted on the circular wheel 108, the inclined plane support 111 is fixedly mounted on the inner circular seat 112, the inner circular seat 112 is fixedly mounted on the grooved shaft 115, the inclined block frame 113 is slidably mounted on the inner circular seat 112, the inner rack 114 is fixedly mounted on the inclined block frame 113, the grooved shaft 115 is rotatably mounted on the center seat 103, the lower roller 116 is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame 117, the rotating frame 117 is rotatably mounted on the center seat 103, the large spring 118 is sleeved on the center seat 103, the cylinder 119 is fixedly installed on the inner circular seat 112, the supporting frame 120 is fixedly installed at the output end of the cylinder 119, the upper roller 121 is arranged on the supporting frame 120, and the extrusion spring 122 is arranged on the sloping block frame 113. The main gear 106 is in gear engagement with a toothed ring 107 with claws, the toothed ring 107 with claws is in ratchet-pawl engagement with the pawls 109, and the lower roller 116 is in sliding engagement with a grooved shaft 115. The motor used here is of the type Delta/Taida and of the type ECMA-C21020 SS.

As shown in fig. 8-11, the cutting teeth 201 are disposed on the cutter disc 202, the cutter disc 202 is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat 102, the positioning hole 203 is disposed on the cutter disc 202, the fixed seat frame 204 is fixedly mounted on the mounting seat 102, the rotating gear 205 is rotatably mounted on the fixed seat frame 204, the first slider 206 is slidably mounted on the mounting seat 102 at a first end and rotatably mounted on the first connecting rod 207 at a second end, the first connecting rod 207 is rotatably mounted on the horizontal frame 210, the second slider 208 is slidably mounted on the mounting seat 102 at a first end and rotatably mounted on the second connecting rod 209 at a second end, the second connecting rod 209 is rotatably mounted on the horizontal frame 210, the horizontal frame 210 is slidably mounted on the support post 104, the small spring 211 is disposed on the support post 104, the outer gear 212 is fixedly mounted on the spiral cutter 213, the spiral cutter 213 is rotatably mounted on the protective shell 101, the side gear 214 is fixedly mounted on the cutter disc 202, and the side gear 214 is in gear fit with the rotating gear 205. The rotating gear 205 forms a rack and pinion fit with the internal rack 114. It should be noted here that, in the drawings, a structure composed of the circular wheel 108, the pawl 109, the driving roller 110, the inclined block frame 113, the internal rack 114, the upper roller 121, the pressing spring 122, the cutter disc 202, the fixed seat frame 204, the rotating gear 205, the first slider 206, the first link 207, the second slider 208, the second link 209, the horizontal frame 210, the small spring 211, and the spiral knife 213 is provided with a plurality of sets, and may be specifically provided with several sets according to circumstances, the mechanism of each set is the same, only one set is labeled here as an explanation, the external gear 212 and the spiral knife 213 are also provided with a plurality of sets, and only one set is labeled as an explanation. The springs arranged in the invention have the functions of buffering and providing assistance.

The principle is as follows, the effect of regulation and control mechanism 1 is mainly used for controlling implementation mechanism 2, when drilling in the well of great depth, the pressure that drilling fluid brought is bigger and bigger, the chip removal difficulty can appear, in addition the degree of depth is bigger, meets hard stone in the underground and also is great to the harm of drill bit, easy disconnected tooth. When the protective shell 101 is used as a protective body of the whole device, the motor 105 is started, the motor 105 drives the main gear 106 to rotate, the main gear 106 drives the toothed ring with claws 107 to rotate, the toothed ring with claws 107 drives the pawls 109 to rotate after rotating, the driving roller 110 fixedly arranged on the pawls 109 through the circular wheel 108 also rotates, the driving roller 110 is in contact with the inclined plane support 111 to press the inclined plane support 111 to descend, the inclined plane support 111 is arranged on the grooved shaft 115 through the inner circular seat 112 to cause the grooved shaft 115 to descend, the grooved shaft 115 drives the lower roller 116 to rotate and further drives the rotating frame 117 to rotate when descending, the rotating frame 117 can push the horizontal frame 210 to slide on the support post 104 when rotating, and the horizontal frame 210 pushes the first connecting rod 207 and the second connecting rod 209 to open when sliding forwards, so that the first sliding block 206 and the second sliding block 208 are driven to slide on the mounting seat 102.

Because the cutter disc 202 is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat 102, a plurality of cutting teeth 201 are arranged on the cutter disc 202, then the first sliding block 206 is inserted into the positioning hole 203 to fix the whole cutter disc 202, at the moment, when the first sliding block 206 and the second sliding block 208 slide, the cutter disc 202 is released, the cutter disc 202 is in a movable state, and simultaneously, the inner circular seat 112 is driven to descend simultaneously when the grooved shaft 115 descends, the air cylinder 119 mounted on the inner circular seat 112 starts to drive the supporting frame 120 to extend, the inclined block frame 113 is pushed to move under the action of the upper roller 121, the inner rack 114 mounted on the inclined block frame 113 is pushed out to be matched with the rotating gear 205, the rotating gear 205 drives the side gear 214 to rotate, when the side gear 214 rotates, the upper cutting tooth 201 and the lower cutting tooth 201 of the cutter disc 202 are rotated to a drilling position for use, and a function of changing the cutting teeth 201 is formed. After the cutting teeth 201 are replaced, the air cylinder 119 contracts to drive the supporting frame 120 to recover, the upper roller 121 is separated from extrusion with the inclined block frame 113, the inclined block frame 113 drives the inner rack 114 to recover, the inner rack 114 is separated from matching with the rotating gear 205, and the cutting teeth are normally used. When the driving roller 110 rotates to be separated from the contact with the inclined plane support 111, the grooved shaft 115 rises to drive the rotating frame 117 to rotate, the second sliding block 208 and the first sliding block 206 reposition the positioning hole 203 on the cutter head 202 at the moment, the cutting teeth 201 stop working, and when the driving roller 110 rotates to be contacted with the inclined plane support 111 again, the working principle is repeated, so that the function of periodically replacing the cutting teeth 201 is realized, the probability of tooth breakage is reduced, the whole drill bit is protected, and the cutting teeth 201 are ensured to work at a high speed at the bottom of the well. When the claw-bearing gear ring 107 rotates, the outer gear 212 rotates with the spiral cutter 213, and the bottom debris is actively pumped up by the spiral cutter 213, but not passively removed by the pressure at the bottom of the well.

Claims

1. A pressure-reducing and speed-increasing PDC diamond bit comprises a regulating mechanism and an implementing mechanism, wherein the implementing mechanism is arranged on the regulating mechanism and is characterized in that the regulating mechanism comprises a fixed part, a transmission part and an intermittent part; the implementation mechanism comprises a drill bit part and an extraction part; the drill bit component is provided with cutting teeth; the transmission component drives the intermittent component to descend when rotating, the intermittent component rotates when descending and pushes the drill bit component to slide on the fixing component to loosen the positioning of the cutting teeth, the intermittent component is provided with a telescopic component, and the telescopic component is driven to be matched with the drill bit component when descending to adjust the position of the cutting teeth to realize the replacement of the cutting teeth; when the transmission part rotates, the extraction part rotates to extract the debris;

the intermittent part comprises an inclined plane support and a rotating frame, and the transmission part rotates on the inclined plane support to extrude the inclined plane support to descend; the rotating frame is provided with a lower roller, the lower roller drives the rotating frame to rotate when sliding on the inclined plane support, and the rotating frame drives the drill bit part to slide on the fixing part to loosen the cutting teeth;

the drill bit component comprises a fixed seat frame, a horizontal frame and a cutter head, wherein the fixed seat frame is arranged on the fixed component, and a rotating gear is rotatably arranged on the fixed seat frame; the horizontal frame is slidably arranged on the fixed component, a sliding block is arranged on the horizontal frame through a connecting rod, the sliding block positions the cutter head, the cutter head is rotatably arranged on the fixed component, a side gear is fixedly arranged on the cutter head, and the side gear is matched with the telescopic component;

the telescopic part comprises an inner circular seat, the inner circular seat is fixedly arranged on the inclined plane support, an air cylinder is fixedly arranged in the inner circular seat, a support frame is arranged at the output end of the air cylinder, an upper roller is arranged on the support frame, the upper roller drives the inclined block frame to slide on the inner circular seat, an inner rack is fixedly arranged on the inclined block frame, and the inner rack is matched with the side gear;

the transmission component comprises a toothed ring with claws, the toothed ring with claws is rotatably arranged on the fixed component and is matched with the pawls, and the pawls are fixedly provided with transmission rollers through round wheels; the claw-containing gear ring drives the extraction part to extract the debris when rotating;

the extraction part comprises an external gear, the external gear is matched with the toothed ring with the claw, and a spiral cutter is fixedly mounted on the external gear;

the fixed part comprises a protective shell, an installation seat and a center seat are fixedly installed in the protective shell, a support column is fixedly installed on the center seat, and a large spring is arranged on the center seat;

the drill bit parts are provided with a plurality of groups; the extraction parts are provided with a plurality of groups, and the number of the extraction parts is the same as that of the drill bit parts.