CN113404436A - 一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡pdc钻头 - Google Patents

一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡pdc钻头 Download PDF

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CN113404436A
CN113404436A CN202110863336.0A CN202110863336A CN113404436A CN 113404436 A CN113404436 A CN 113404436A CN 202110863336 A CN202110863336 A CN 202110863336A CN 113404436 A CN113404436 A CN 113404436A
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drill bit
teeth
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李玮
盖京明
董家盼
李卓伦
焦圣杰
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Daqing Northeast Petroleum University Asset Management Co ltd
Li Wei
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/42Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
    • E21B10/43Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/60Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E21B10/602Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids the bit being a rotary drag type bit with blades
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/60Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E21B10/61Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure

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Abstract

本发明属于油田钻井设备技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头,所述钻头包括钻头体以及布设在钻头体上的刀翼和喷嘴;所述刀翼的数量为5个,刀翼上布设有双齿结构、前排单齿、后排锥形齿和保径齿,后排锥形齿同轨布设在前排单齿的后方;所述喷嘴布设在各刀翼的冠部直线区和圆弧区;刀翼的冠部为直线‑圆弧形冠部,冠部锥深为中度;钻头体下部为公接头,下端设有螺纹线,其中部车有便于井上上扣的凹槽。减小单齿冲击磨损,并提高破岩效率。

Description

一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头
技术领域
本发明属于油田钻井设备技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头。
背景技术
本发明属于油田钻井设备技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中PDC钻头在软硬夹层中侧向力大、钻井稳定性差、钻进效率低等问题,本发明提供一种基于定向双齿的自平衡PDC钻头,减小钻头在软硬夹层中的侧向力波动,提高钻头钻进稳定性。
本发明采用的技术方案为:一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头,所述钻头包括钻头体以及布设在钻头体上的刀翼和喷嘴;所述刀翼的数量为5个,刀翼上布设有双齿结构、前排单齿、后排锥形齿和保径齿,后排锥形齿同轨布设在前排单齿的后方;所述喷嘴布设在各刀翼的冠部直线区和圆弧区。
进一步的,所述刀翼的冠部为直线-圆弧形冠部,冠部锥深为中度。
进一步的,所述钻头体下部为公接头,下端设有螺纹线,其中部车有便于井上上扣的凹槽。
进一步的,所述自平衡为一种三级力平衡结构,将前排单齿每五个切削齿分为一组,共形成四组,对组内、组间和刀翼周向角进行参数优化,形成组内、组间和钻头整体力平衡的三级力平衡结构。
进一步的,所述定向双齿结构为部分前排单齿转化而来,具体为在径向剖面上过单齿中心点做冠部剖面线的切线,通过设定间距和夹角将单齿扩展为双齿结构,双齿结构仅出现在奇数力平衡组的最后两颗齿上。
进一步的,刀翼采用双排同轨切削齿设计,前排为常规圆柱形复合片,分别布置有单齿结构和双齿结构,双齿结构仅布置在圆弧区冠部,且布置在第2、4刀翼上,单齿结构布置在1、3、5刀翼上,后排布置为锥形切削齿,锥形齿出露高度略小于前排齿,这使得锥形齿能够限制前排齿吃入地层的深度,进而有效控制粘滑振动。喷嘴共有8个,分别布置在各刀翼的直线区和圆弧区,用以冲洗切削齿产生的岩屑,并为切削齿降温。
进一步的,单齿结构沿冠部剖面从钻头中心向保径区方向后倾角逐渐增大,以提高破岩效率。
进一步的,力平衡结构为三级力平衡结构,具体为沿冠部剖面从钻头中心向保径端方向每五个常规单齿分为一组,共形成四个力平衡切削齿组。对每组组内、组间以及周向角进行布齿参数优化,分别形成组内力平衡、组间力平衡和钻头整体力平衡,从而构成三级力平衡结构。这种设计可以提高钻头在过渡地层(软硬夹层)中钻进的稳定性,不同组的切削齿组分别切削不同的地层,使得组内保持侧向力平衡,切削齿组组间即使在不同的地层中也可以保持钻进稳定。
进一步的,定向双齿的布齿方法为:将上述力平衡切削齿组排序,仅将双齿布置在奇数组的最后两颗单齿对应位置,进行角度和间距调整,并进行布齿结构干涉判断,对应的偶数组最后两颗齿进行剔除。双齿呈一定间距和夹角布置,这个间距很小,使得双齿产生的应力区能够有效干涉叠加,从而提高叠加区的应力峰值,有效提高破岩效率并扩大破碎区。双齿中心产生一定宽度的岩脊,这种岩脊有利于提高钻头的稳定性,并减小横向振动。
进一步的,定向双齿结构原理为将原有单齿替换为具有一定微小间距和一定定向夹角的双齿结构,这使得定向双齿结构部分脱离冠部剖面,在硬地层中首先接触地层,从而形成较大的破碎区和预制地下裂纹,预先卸载原岩应力,从而提高单齿结构的破岩效率。而在较软地层中由于岩石塑性较强,双齿与单齿共同破岩,同样提高了钻头破岩效率。
本发明的有益效果:定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头适用于软硬交错地层,能够提高PDC钻头在软硬交错地层中钻进的稳定性和破岩效率。独特的定向双齿结构通过应力干涉叠加提高破岩效率、扩大破碎区并促进地下裂纹扩展,进而提高单齿破岩效率。双齿部分脱离冠部剖面,在硬地层中预先接触岩石,从而形成较大破碎区和减小冠部切削齿损伤,减小单齿冲击磨损,并提高破岩效率;在软地层中与单齿协同破岩,提高破岩效率。双齿中心存在一定间距产生一定宽度的岩脊,从而减小钻头横向振动,提高钻头稳定性。三级力平衡结构使得钻头即使在软硬夹层、非均质地层中钻进,也能保证钻头侧向力不会激增,从而保障钻进稳定性。
附图说明
图1是实施例一的主视结构示意图;
图2是实施例一的俯视结构示意图;
图3是实施例一的立体结构示意图;
图4是实施例一中钻头的径向布齿示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
参照各图,一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头,所述钻头包括钻头体1以及布设在钻头体1上的刀翼2和喷嘴3;所述刀翼2的数量为5个,刀翼2上布设有双齿结构4、前排单齿5、后排锥形齿6和保径齿7,后排锥形齿6同轨布设在前排单齿5的后方;所述喷嘴3布设在各刀翼2的冠部直线区和圆弧区;所述刀翼2的冠部为直线-圆弧形冠部,冠部锥深为中度;所述钻头体1下部为公接头,下端设有螺纹线,其中部车有便于井上上扣的凹槽;所述喷嘴3的数量为8个。
以右侧水平刀翼为初始刀翼,沿逆时针方向各刀翼分别为第1到5刀翼。双齿结构由前排单齿改进而来,调整了前排单齿的中心坐标、双齿间距和双齿夹角,双齿径向布齿如图4所示, a1、a2、b1、b2、c1、c2、d1和d2为单齿转化后的双齿,a1表示由圆弧区第4号单齿转化为双齿后的第一颗齿, a2表示圆弧区第4号单齿转化为双齿后的第二颗齿。同理, b1表示由圆弧区第5号单齿转化为双齿后的第一颗齿, b2表示圆弧区第5号单齿转化为双齿后的第二颗齿; c1表示由圆弧区第14号单齿转化为双齿后的第一颗齿, c2表示圆弧区第14号单齿转化为双齿后的第二颗齿; d1表示由圆弧区第15号单齿转化为双齿后的第一颗齿,d2表示圆弧区第15号单齿转化为双齿后的第二颗齿。双齿结构的各齿部分脱离冠部剖面,使双齿结构在硬地层中首先接触岩石,预先破碎形成较大破碎区,卸载原岩应力,保护冠部前排单齿,并促进地下裂纹萌生和发展,从而提高前排单齿的破碎效率。喷嘴分别布置在各刀翼的冠部直线区和圆弧区,从而充分的冲洗岩屑和冷却切削齿。
从钻头中心向保径端将钻头径向剖面上的切削齿后倾角逐渐增大,以每五颗分为一组并排序,分为奇数组和偶数组,双齿结构仅出现在奇数组的最后两颗齿上,为避免干涉,偶数组则将对应前排单齿剔除。各切削齿组分别进行组内侧转角、组间后倾角和刀翼周向角进行优化,形成三级力平衡结构,有效提高钻头在软硬夹层中钻进的稳定性。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头,其特征在于:所述钻头包括钻头体(1)以及布设在钻头体(1)上的刀翼(2)和喷嘴(3);所述刀翼(2)的数量为5个,刀翼(2)上布设有双齿结构(4)、前排单齿(5)、后排锥形齿(6)和保径齿(7),后排锥形齿(6)同轨布设在前排单齿(5)的后方;所述喷嘴(3)布设在各刀翼(2)的冠部直线区和圆弧区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头,其特征在于:所述刀翼(2)的冠部为直线-圆弧形冠部,冠部锥深为中度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头,其特征在于:所述钻头体(1)下部为公接头,下端设有螺纹线,其中部车有便于井上上扣的凹槽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头,其特征在于:所述前排单齿(5)的每5个切削齿分为1组,共形成4组,形成了组内、组间和钻头整体力平衡的三级力平衡结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡PDC钻头,其特征在于:所述双齿结构(4)为部分前排单齿(5)转化而来,在径向剖面上过单齿中心点做冠部剖面线的切线,通过设定间距和夹角将单齿扩展为双齿结构(4)。
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Cited By (2)

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CN115596363A (zh) * 2022-12-15 2023-01-13 胜利油田万和石油工程技术有限责任公司(Cn) 一种非连续性冠部曲线钻头
WO2023005108A1 (zh) * 2021-07-29 2023-02-02 东北石油大学 一种适用于软硬夹层的定向双齿自平衡pdc钻头

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