CN113403583B - Flexible photo-thermal absorption material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Flexible photo-thermal absorption material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113403583B CN113403583B CN202110679619.XA CN202110679619A CN113403583B CN 113403583 B CN113403583 B CN 113403583B CN 202110679619 A CN202110679619 A CN 202110679619A CN 113403583 B CN113403583 B CN 113403583B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
- C23C14/205—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates by cathodic sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
- C23C14/022—Cleaning or etching treatments by means of bombardment with energetic particles or radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
- C23C14/165—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
- C23C14/352—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering using more than one target
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
- F24S70/25—Coatings made of metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible photo-thermal absorption material and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of photo-thermal materials. The method comprises the following steps: 1) Cleaning the polymer substrate to obtain a clean polymer substrate; removing impurities on the clean polymer substrate by using Ar as a sputtering gas; carrying out pre-sputtering treatment on the Ag target and the Zn target to obtain an Ag target and a Zn target with oxide layers on the surface of the target removed; 2) Firstly sputtering an Ag target under the condition of a direct current power supply and then sputtering a Zn target under the condition of a radio frequency power supply on a clean polymer substrate to prepare the flexible photo-thermal absorption material. The flexible photo-thermal absorption material prepared by the invention has an excellent spectrum selective absorption function, realizes the synergistic effect of high absorption rate and low thermal radiation, and can be applied to seawater desalination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photo-thermal materials, and relates to a flexible photo-thermal absorption material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous acceleration of the modern industrialization process, serious water pollution and water resource shortage problem follow. To date, shortage of fresh water resources is still one of the most serious resource problems in the world, which threatens human production, life and even national strategic safety. 97% of the water resources on the earth's surface are concentrated in the oceans, and researchers have looked at oceans in order to alleviate the problem of water shortage. The purification of fresh water resources from seawater is becoming the main line of current water resource development. In recent years, seawater or brackish water can be evaporated by using solar driven interface steam generation (SISG), and the solar driven interface steam generation (SISG) has the advantages of environmental protection, high efficiency, small heat loss and the like, and is considered to be an effective way for solving the shortage of fresh water resources. With the same energy input, the local heating of the interfacial water will cause the temperature gradient to change more significantly, and thus the evaporation effect is better. The photo-thermal material is the key point for ensuring high-efficiency seawater desalination, and most of solar absorbers for the interface evaporation system are ultra-black materials. According to Kirchhoff's law, these ultra-black adsorbents exhibit high absorption over a wide range of wavelengths covering the full solar spectrum and the long-wave infrared region, but absorb solar energy while dissipating heat in the infrared region as a black body by thermal radiation, resulting in increased heat loss and reduced efficiency of the entire evaporation system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a flexible photothermal absorption material, a preparation method and an application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses a preparation method of a flexible photo-thermal absorption material, which comprises the following steps: 1) Cleaning the polymer substrate to obtain a clean polymer substrate; removing impurities on the clean polymer substrate by using Ar as a sputtering gas; carrying out pre-sputtering treatment on the Ag target and the Zn target to obtain the Ag target and the Zn target with the oxide layer on the surface of the target material removed; 2) On a clean polymer substrate with impurities removed, firstly, an Ag target is sputtered under the condition of a direct current power supply, and then a Zn target is sputtered under the condition of a radio frequency power supply, so that the flexible photo-thermal absorption material is prepared.
Preferably, in step 1), the polymer base is PF terylene cloth.
Preferably, in step 1), using Ar as a sputtering gas to remove impurities on the clean polymer substrate, the specific operations are as follows:
under a vacuum of 1.8X 10 -3 Introducing Ar as sputtering gas below Pa, and bombarding for 10-20min under Ar plasma atmosphere; wherein the bias voltage is 450V, and the air pressure is 5Pa.
Preferably, in the step 1), performing pre-sputtering treatment on the Ag target and the Zn target to obtain the Ag target and the Zn target from which the oxide layer on the surface of the target is removed, specifically: under the condition of vacuum degree of 0.6Pa, the sputtering power value is 100-150W, and the pre-sputtering time is 10-20min.
Preferably, the operation parameters for sputtering the Ag target by the dc power condition in step 2) include: the current is 0.2A, and the sputtering time is 10-20min.
Preferably, the operating parameters for sputtering the Zn target by the rf power condition in step 2) include: the current is 0.18A, and the sputtering time is 0.5-1h.
Preferably, the sputtering parameters in step 2) include: under the condition that the vacuum degree is 0.6Pa, the sputtering power value is 100-150W, and the surfaces of the Ag target and the Zn target are subjected to glow discharge after a power supply is started.
Preferably, in step 1) and step 2), the temperature of the polymer substrate is 25 ℃ and the rotation speed is fixed at 9r/min.
The invention discloses a flexible photo-thermal absorption material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention discloses an application of the flexible photothermal absorption material in seawater desalination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a preparation method of a flexible photo-thermal absorption material, which adopts an Ag target and a Zn target to sputter on a polymer substrate in sequence to form an Ag layer and a Zn layer with certain thicknesses. Ag and Zn are closely packed on the surface of the polymer substrate in the form of nano particles, and the small size effect, the nano effect and the like of the Ag and Zn ensure higher light absorption performance. Moreover, due to uniqueness and superiority of material selection and preparation technology, the invention has excellent photo-thermal conversion performance, the prepared material can also achieve the purpose of salt inhibition based on super-hydrophobicity of the polymer substrate, and excellent stability and durable use of the material in the process of seawater desalination are ensured. Therefore, the invention adopts a preparation method with simple process and low raw material cost to prepare the flexible photo-thermal absorption material with excellent spectrum selective absorption function, and realizes the synergistic effect of the photo-thermal material with high absorption rate and low thermal radiation.
Further, an Ag layer and a Zn layer with certain thicknesses are deposited on a flexible polyester fabric (polyester fabrics) substrate by a magnetron sputtering method, and the flexible photo-thermal absorption material with the Ag/Zn spectrum selective absorption coating (Ag/Zn SSACs-PF) is prepared. In order to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency, a Spectrally Selective Absorption Coating (SSACs) is used as a photothermal absorber, and compared with the high absorption and high thermal emission characteristics of a black body solar energy absorption material, the SSACs exhibit low reflection (high absorption) in the visible light range and high reflection (low thermal emission) in the infrared band, so that the low thermal emissivity reduces the thermal radiation conduction loss in the water evaporation process while ensuring high absorption rate, improves the energy conversion efficiency, and has an important significance for realizing efficient photothermal conversion and seawater desalination.
The invention discloses a flexible photo-thermal absorption material prepared by the preparation method, which has excellent spectrum selective absorption function, namely high absorption in a visible region and low thermal emission in an infrared region, and realizes the synergistic effect of high absorption rate and low thermal radiation. The low heat radiation ensures that the interface evaporation temperature is not too high to cause energy loss in the seawater desalination process, so that the heat radiation loss reaches the minimum, which has important significance for high-efficiency seawater desalination. Most notably, the photothermal materials obtained in the present invention have absorption in the visible spectral range as high as 0.88 and thermal emission in the infrared spectrum as low as 0.34. Due to the unique selective absorption function, low thermal radiation and higher evaporation efficiency, a brand new photo-thermal absorption material is provided for the solar driven interface evaporation technology. Therefore, the flexible photothermal absorption material can be applied to seawater desalination.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the mass change curves of a sample of the flexible photothermal absorption material of the present invention and a sample PF in 1 illumination intensity in 3.5wt% saline, respectively;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a flexible photothermal absorption material according to the present invention; wherein (a) is 4000 times of magnification and (b) is 6000 times of magnification;
FIG. 3 is a contact angle test chart of a water drop on the front surface of the flexible photothermal absorption material of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a reflectance test curve of the flexible photothermal absorption material of the present invention; wherein (a) is in the visible and near infrared bands, and (b) is in the far infrared band.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, which are illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
1. Preparing an Ag/Zn SSACs-PF flexible photo-thermal absorption material:
1. cleaning PF polyester fabric substrate
Sequentially cleaning polymer substrate of PF polyester fabric with deionized water, acetone and ethanol in a numerical control ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 30-50kHz for 20min, 20min and 10min, and drying in oven at 40-50 deg.C to obtain clean PF polyester fabric.
2. Obtaining Ag/Zn SSACs-PF by magnetron sputtering coating
The invention adopts a double-chamber reaction magnetron sputtering instrument to prepare samples, and adopts a mechanical pump and a molecular pump to vacuumize a chamber, wherein the vacuum degree can reach 10 -4 Pa, and is provided with a corresponding water circulation system, a bias plasma cleaning system, a radio frequency power supply, a direct current power supply, a sample rotating platform and the like. In the sputtering process, the polymer substrate PF polyester fabric is coatedPlacing on a sample table at the upper end, setting the temperature of polymer substrate PF polyester fabric at 25 deg.C, and fixing the rotation speed at 9r/min; the sputtering target is installed in an inclined mode, and the inclined installation is used for ensuring that the surface of the substrate can be plated; ar can be introduced into the sputtering chamber.
The invention sputters an Ag target under the condition of a radio frequency power supply and sputters a Zn target under the condition of a direct current power supply.
Firstly, the vacuum degree of the sputtering chamber is pumped to 1.8X 10 high vacuum by a mechanical pump and a molecular pump -3 And introducing Ar as sputtering gas below Pa, and bombarding in Ar plasma atmosphere for 10-20min to remove impurities on the polyester fabric substrate and improve the bonding force between the coating and the polyester, wherein the bias voltage is 450V, and the air pressure is 5Pa.
Then, the pressure in the vacuum chamber is continuously adjusted to the low vacuum of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, and the sputtering power value of the power supply is set to be 100-150W. Under the condition, the Ag target and the Zn target are respectively pre-sputtered for 10-20min to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the target and improve the purity of the deposit.
And finally, opening the baffle, performing glow discharge on the surfaces of the Ag target and the Zn target, and depositing sputtered particles on the surface of the substrate under the action of an electric field. The method specifically comprises the following steps: sputtering an Ag target for 10-20min under the condition of a direct current power supply to obtain an Ag layer with a certain thickness, and sputtering a Zn target for 0.5-1h under the condition of a radio frequency power supply to obtain an Ag/Zn composite coating with a certain thickness. The sputtering parameters of the Ag target and the Zn target also comprise that the pressure in the vacuum chamber is up to the air pressure high vacuum of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, the sputtering power value of the power supply is set to be 100-150W, and the power supply is started.
Wherein the DC power supply conditions include: the current is 0.2A; the radio frequency power supply conditions include: the current was 0.18A.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF is obtained through the steps.
2. Solar steam experiment
Seawater concentration was simulated using 3.5wt% saline and solar source illumination was simulated with a xenon lamp (CEL-HXF 300, AM1.5 filter). The mass change during evaporation was measured using an electronic microbalance (AR 224 CN) with an accuracy of 0.0001g and transmitted to a Personal Computer (PC) for recording via SPDC data acquisition V2.01 software. A solar evaporation experiment platform is constructed, the evaporation efficiency of saline water and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of carbon foam under experiment conditions can be obtained through analysis and calculation, and photo-thermal performance research is carried out.
An appropriate amount of 3.5wt% saline was poured into a beaker, and the flexible photothermal absorption material of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF was put into the saline, and the sample was fixed so as not to be sunk in the saline. And (4) putting all the devices on a precision electronic balance integrally, and monitoring the mass change caused by water evaporation in real time on line. Under 1 sun (1 kW m) -2 ) And carrying out a solar steam generation test.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Example 1
Preparing an Ag/Zn SSACs-PF flexible photo-thermal absorption material:
cleaning a substrate
Sequentially washing terylene cloth with deionized water, acetone and ethanol in a numerical control ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 30kHz for 20min, 20min and 10min, and drying in an oven at 40 deg.C.
Performing magnetron sputtering coating to obtain a flexible photo-thermal absorption material Ag/Zn SSACs-PF:
first, the degree of vacuum of the sputtering chamber was evacuated to 9.0X 10 by using a mechanical pump and a molecular pump -4 Pa, introducing Ar as sputtering gas, and bombarding under Ar plasma atmosphere for 20min to remove impurities on the terylene fabric substrate and improve the bonding force between the coating and terylene, wherein the bias voltage is set to 450V, and the air pressure is set to 5Pa.
And then, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of a power supply to be 100W, and under the condition, pre-sputtering the Ag target and the Zn target for 20min respectively to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the target and improve the purity of the deposit.
And finally, opening the baffle, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure high vacuum of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of the power supply to be 100W, sputtering the Ag target under the condition of a direct current power supply after starting the power supply, sputtering for 20min under the current of 0.2A to obtain an Ag layer with a certain thickness, sputtering the Zn target under the condition of a radio frequency power supply, and sputtering for 1h under the current of 0.18A.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material with the composition of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF is prepared by the preparation method.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material obtained in the embodiment has the absorption rate of up to 0.87 in the visible spectrum range.
Example 2
Preparing an Ag/Zn SSACs-PF flexible photo-thermal absorption material:
cleaning a substrate
Sequentially washing terylene cloth with deionized water, acetone and ethanol in a numerical control ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 30kHz for 20min, 20min and 10min, and drying in an oven at 40 deg.C.
Performing magnetron sputtering coating to obtain a flexible photo-thermal absorption material Ag/Zn SSACs-PF:
first, the degree of vacuum of the sputtering chamber was evacuated to 9.0X 10 by using a mechanical pump and a molecular pump -4 Pa, introducing Ar as sputtering gas, bombarding for 20min under Ar plasma atmosphere to remove impurities on the terylene fabric substrate, and improving the bonding force between the coating and the terylene, wherein the bias voltage is set to 450V, and the air pressure is set to 5Pa.
And then, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of a power supply to be 125W, and under the condition, pre-sputtering the Ag target and the Zn target for 20min respectively to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the target and improve the purity of the deposit.
And finally, opening the baffle, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure high vacuum of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of the power supply to 125W, starting the power supply, sputtering the Ag target under the condition of a direct current power supply, sputtering for 20min under the current of 0.2A to obtain an Ag layer with a certain thickness, sputtering the Zn target under the condition of a radio frequency power supply, and sputtering for 1h under the current of 0.18A.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material with the composition of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF is prepared by the preparation method.
As can be seen from the solar steam experiment, the evaporation rate of the flexible photo-thermal absorption material prepared by the embodiment reaches 1.314kgm -2 h -1 And the evaporation efficiency reaches 89.8 percent.The flexible photothermal absorption material obtained in the embodiment has the absorption of up to 0.88 in the visible spectrum and the thermal emission of as low as 0.34 in the infrared spectrum.
Example 3
Preparing an Ag/Zn SSACs-PF photo-thermal material:
cleaning a substrate
Sequentially cleaning polyester fabric with deionized water, acetone and ethanol in a numerical control ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 30kHz for 20min, 20min and 10min, and drying in an oven at 40 deg.C.
Performing magnetron sputtering coating to obtain a flexible photo-thermal absorption material Ag/Zn SSACs-PF:
first, the degree of vacuum of the sputtering chamber was evacuated to 9.0X 10 by using a mechanical pump and a molecular pump -4 Pa, introducing Ar as sputtering gas, bombarding for 20min under Ar plasma atmosphere to remove impurities on the terylene fabric substrate, and improving the bonding force between the coating and the terylene, wherein the bias voltage is set to 450V, and the air pressure is set to 5Pa.
And then, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of a power supply to be 150W, and under the condition, pre-sputtering the Ag target and the Zn target for 20min respectively to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the target and improve the purity of the deposit.
And finally, opening the baffle, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure high vacuum of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of the power supply to be 150W, sputtering an Ag target under the condition of a direct current power supply after starting the power supply, sputtering for 20min under the current of 0.2A to obtain an Ag layer with a certain thickness, sputtering a Zn target under the condition of a radio frequency power supply, and sputtering for 1h under the current of 0.18A.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material with the composition of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF is prepared by the preparation method.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material obtained in the embodiment has the absorption rate of up to 0.86 in the visible spectrum range.
Example 4
Preparing an Ag/Zn SSACs-PF flexible photo-thermal absorption material:
cleaning a substrate
Sequentially cleaning polyester fabric with deionized water, acetone and ethanol in a numerical control ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 30kHz for 20min, 20min and 10min, and drying in an oven at 40 deg.C.
Performing magnetron sputtering coating to obtain a flexible photo-thermal absorption material Ag/Zn SSACs-PF:
first, the degree of vacuum of the sputtering chamber was evacuated to 10.0X 10 by using a mechanical pump and a molecular pump -4 Pa, introducing Ar as sputtering gas, bombarding for 10min under Ar plasma atmosphere to remove impurities on the terylene fabric substrate, and improving the bonding force between the coating and the terylene, wherein the bias voltage is set to 450V, and the air pressure is set to 5Pa.
And then, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of a power supply to be 110W, and under the condition, pre-sputtering the Ag target and the Zn target for 10min to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the target and improve the purity of the deposit.
And finally, opening the baffle, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure high vacuum of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of the power supply to be 110W, sputtering the Ag target under the condition of a direct-current power supply after starting the power supply, sputtering for 10min under the current of 0.2A to obtain an Ag layer with a certain thickness, sputtering the Zn target under the condition of a radio-frequency power supply, and sputtering for 40min under the current of 0.18A.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material with the composition of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF is prepared by the preparation method.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material obtained in the embodiment can absorb the light in the visible spectrum range up to 0.88.
Example 5
Preparing an Ag/Zn SSACs-PF flexible photo-thermal absorption material:
cleaning a substrate
Sequentially cleaning polyester fabric with deionized water, acetone and ethanol in a numerical control ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 30kHz for 20min, 20min and 10min, and drying in an oven at 40 deg.C.
Performing magnetron sputtering coating to obtain a flexible photo-thermal absorption material Ag/Zn SSACs-PF:
first, the degree of vacuum of the sputtering chamber was evacuated to 1.5X 10 by using a mechanical pump and a molecular pump -3 Pa, thenIntroducing Ar as sputtering gas, bombarding for 13min under Ar plasma atmosphere to remove impurities on the polyester fabric substrate, and improving the bonding force between the coating and the polyester, wherein the bias voltage is set to 450V, and the air pressure is set to 5Pa.
And then, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of a power supply to be 145W, and under the condition, pre-sputtering the Ag target and the Zn target for 14min to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the target and improve the purity of the deposit.
And finally, opening the baffle, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure high vacuum of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of the power supply to 145W, starting the power supply, sputtering the Ag target under the condition of a direct-current power supply, sputtering for 15min under the current of 0.2A to obtain an Ag layer with a certain thickness, sputtering the Zn target under the condition of a radio-frequency power supply, and sputtering for 0.5h under the current of 0.18A.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material with the composition of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF is prepared by the preparation method.
The flexible photothermal absorption material obtained by the embodiment absorbs up to 0.86 in the visible spectrum range.
Example 6
Preparing an Ag/Zn SSACs-PF photo-thermal material:
cleaning a substrate
Sequentially washing terylene cloth with deionized water, acetone and ethanol in a numerical control ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 30kHz for 20min, 20min and 10min, and drying in an oven at 40 deg.C.
Performing magnetron sputtering coating to obtain a flexible photo-thermal absorption material Ag/Zn SSACs-PF:
first, the degree of vacuum of the sputtering chamber was evacuated to 1.6X 10 by using a mechanical pump and a molecular pump -3 Pa, introducing Ar as sputtering gas, bombarding for 17min under Ar plasma atmosphere to remove impurities on the terylene fabric substrate, and improving the bonding force between the coating and the terylene, wherein the bias voltage is set to 450V, and the air pressure is set to 5Pa.
And then, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of a power supply to be 150W, and under the condition, pre-sputtering the Ag target and the Zn target for 18min to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the target and improve the purity of the deposit.
And finally, opening the baffle, continuously adjusting the pressure in the vacuum chamber to the air pressure high vacuum of 0.6Pa required by sputtering, setting the sputtering power value of the power supply to be 150W, sputtering an Ag target under the condition of a direct-current power supply after starting the power supply, sputtering for 17min under the current of 0.2A to obtain an Ag layer with a certain thickness, sputtering a Zn target under the condition of a radio-frequency power supply, and sputtering for 50min under the current of 0.18A.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material with the composition of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF is prepared by the preparation method.
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material obtained in the embodiment has the absorption rate of up to 0.85 in the visible spectrum range.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
1. solar steam experiment
Seawater concentration was simulated using 3.5wt% saline and solar source illumination was simulated with a xenon lamp (CEL-HXF 300, AM1.5 filter). The mass change during evaporation was measured using an electronic microbalance (AR 224 CN) with an accuracy of 0.0001g and transmitted to a Personal Computer (PC) for recording via SPDC data acquisition V2.01 software. A solar evaporation experiment platform is constructed, the evaporation efficiency of the saline water and the photothermal conversion efficiency of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF under experiment conditions can be obtained through analysis and calculation, and photothermal performance research is carried out.
An appropriate amount of 3.5wt% saline was poured into the beaker, and Ag/Zn SSACs-PF was put into the saline to fix the sample so that it was not sunk in the saline. And putting all the devices on a precision electronic balance integrally, and monitoring the mass change caused by water evaporation on line in real time. Under 1 sun (1 kW m) -2 ) And carrying out a solar steam generation test.
The evaporation performance of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF is determined by quantitative analysis of evaporation experiment.
The evaporation experiment is completed by utilizing an experimental device for simulating the solar illumination environment, and all data are read by an electronic balance in a poor quality mode and then transmitted to a computer for recording. The evaporation experiment shows that compared with the terylene cloth without coating operation,the flexible photo-thermal absorption material Ag/Zn SSACs-PF prepared in example 2 has the thickness of 1.314kgm -2 h -1 While the pure PF has a slow evaporation rate under natural illumination, the Ag/Zn SSACs-PF prepared in example 2 has an evaporation efficiency of 89.8%. All evaporation experiments were performed at 1 sun intensity (as shown in figure 1).
2. Reflectance test
The flexible photo-thermal absorption material Ag/Zn SSACs-PF prepared by the invention has excellent photo-thermal conversion performance due to superior material selection and preparation technology, and meanwhile, the super-hydrophobicity of the material can achieve the purpose of salt resistance, so that the excellent stability and the durable use of the material in the seawater desalination process are ensured. Most notably, the flexible photothermal absorption material obtained in example 2 of the present invention has an absorption of up to 0.88 in the visible spectral range and a thermal emission of as low as 0.34 in the infrared spectrum. Due to the unique selective absorption function, low heat radiation and high evaporation efficiency, a brand new photo-thermal absorption material is provided for the solar driven interfacial evaporation technology (as shown in figure 4).
3. SEM image test
From SEM images, in the flexible photothermal absorption material prepared in example 2, ag and Zn are closely packed on the surface of the polymer substrate in the form of nanoparticles, and the small size effect, the nano effect and the like of the Ag and Zn ensure high light absorption performance. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic effect of nano barrier is achieved. (as shown in FIG. 2)
4. Contact Angle testing
The contact angle of the surface of the flexible photo-thermal absorption material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention reaches 158 degrees, and the hydrophobicity of the material ensures an excellent salt resistance effect. (as shown in FIG. 3)
In particular, in the embodiments of the present invention, a flexible photothermal absorption material having an excellent spectrum selective absorption function can be obtained since the selective absorption is achieved by changing or controlling the reflectance, transmittance and absorbance of the coating layer based on the principle of interference. The coating in the flexible photo-thermal absorption material prepared by the invention consists of a multilayer film system, the spectral characteristics of the surface layer are determined by the mutual interference between reflection and projection on the interface of the layered structure, solar radiation is absorbed in the film system in a multi-reflection mode, and long waves are reflected. The interference effect is utilized to enable the coating to strongly absorb the wave band near the peak value of the sunlight, namely the coating has high absorption rate; the low-emission material can freely penetrate in an infrared band and achieve the effect of low emission by virtue of the high infrared reflection characteristic of the Ag layer. A synergistic effect of high absorption and low heat radiation can thus be achieved.
In summary, the invention provides a preparation method of a flexible photothermal absorption material of Ag/Zn SSACs-PF with a spectrum selective absorption function and application thereof in interface solar seawater evaporation, and an Ag layer and a Zn layer with certain thickness are deposited on PF polyester fabric by magnetron sputtering by utilizing Ag and Zn targets in sequence to obtain a selective absorption photothermal material with high absorption in a visible region and low thermal emission in an infrared region, which is used for interface solar steam generation, reduces thermal radiation conduction loss, and further improves evaporation efficiency and photothermal conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, the inherent pores of the terylene cloth are beneficial to the overflow of steam, greatly improve the water transportation capacity, greatly enhance the capillary action force and can be used for high-efficiency steam generation. Compared with the traditional blackbody absorption material used for seawater desalination, the invention innovatively provides a new material with a spectrum selective absorption function, ensures high absorptivity and low emissivity, is expected to provide a new strategy for preparing the light absorption material in a solar interface steam generation system, and realizes efficient seawater desalination.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The application of the flexible photothermal absorption material in seawater desalination is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Cleaning the polymer substrate to obtain a clean polymer substrate; removing impurities on the clean polymer substrate by using Ar as a sputtering gas;
the polymer substrate is PF polyester fabric;
carrying out pre-sputtering treatment on the Ag target and the Zn target to obtain the Ag target and the Zn target with the oxide layer on the surface of the target material removed;
2) Firstly sputtering an Ag target under the condition of a direct-current power supply and then sputtering a Zn target under the condition of a radio-frequency power supply on a clean polymer substrate without impurities to prepare a flexible photo-thermal absorption material;
the operating parameters for sputtering an Ag target with dc power conditions included: the current is 0.2A, and the sputtering time is 10-20min;
the operating parameters for sputtering a Zn target with rf power conditions include: the current is 0.18A, and the sputtering time is 0.5-1h;
the prepared flexible photo-thermal absorption material has the absorption of up to 0.88 in the visible spectrum range and the thermal emission of as low as 0.34 in the infrared spectrum.
2. The use of the flexible photothermal absorption material in seawater desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the Ar is used as a sputtering gas to remove impurities from the clean polymer substrate, and the specific operations are as follows:
under the vacuum degree of 1.8X 10 -3 Introducing Ar as sputtering gas below Pa, and bombarding for 10-20min under Ar plasma atmosphere; wherein the bias voltage is 450V, and the air pressure is 5Pa.
3. The application of the flexible photothermal absorption material in seawater desalination according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the Ag target and the Zn target are subjected to pre-sputtering treatment to obtain the Ag target and the Zn target with the oxide layer on the surface of the target removed, and the specific operations are as follows:
under the condition of vacuum degree of 0.6Pa, the sputtering power value is 100-150W, and the pre-sputtering time is 10-20min.
4. The use of the flexible photothermal absorption material in seawater desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sputtering parameters in step 2) comprise: under the condition of vacuum degree of 0.6Pa, the sputtering power value is 100-150W, and the surfaces of the Ag target and the Zn target are glow-discharged after the power supply is started.
5. The use of the flexible photothermal absorption material in seawater desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the polymer substrate in step 1) and step 2) is 25 ℃ and the rotation speed is fixed at 9r/min.
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