CN113403455B - Production method of unoriented silicon steel - Google Patents

Production method of unoriented silicon steel Download PDF

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CN113403455B
CN113403455B CN202110671549.3A CN202110671549A CN113403455B CN 113403455 B CN113403455 B CN 113403455B CN 202110671549 A CN202110671549 A CN 202110671549A CN 113403455 B CN113403455 B CN 113403455B
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silicon steel
less
oriented silicon
temperature
equal
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CN113403455A (en
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岳重祥
吴圣杰
张建雷
李化龙
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Jiangsu Shagang Iron and Steel Research Institute Co Ltd
Zhangjiagang Yangzijiang Cold Rolled Sheet Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Shagang Iron and Steel Research Institute Co Ltd
Zhangjiagang Yangzijiang Cold Rolled Sheet Co Ltd
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of unoriented silicon steel. The production method comprises the following steps: steelmaking and blank making according to Si of 0.3-1.2%; heating the casting blank to 1050-1150 ℃ and preserving heat for more than 150min, rolling into an intermediate blank with the thickness of 40-45 mm, and then performing finish rolling and coiling to obtain a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 3.00+/-0.25 mm, wherein the finish rolling starting temperature is less than or equal to A r1 ＝872℃+1000*(11*[Si]‑14*[Mn]+21*[Al]) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When A is r1 The temperature is more than or equal to 1000 ℃, the finishing temperature T is less than or equal to 840 ℃, otherwise T is less than or equal to A r1 -160 ℃; the coiling temperature is less than or equal to 550 ℃; carrying out normalizing and acid tandem rolling to obtain a chilled roll with the thickness of 0.500+/-0.005 mm, wherein the normalizing temperature is 850-950 ℃; annealing at 820-950 deg.c, annealing, cooling, coating and finishing to obtain non-oriented silicon steel product.

Description

Production method of unoriented silicon steel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel material preparation, and relates to a production method of unoriented silicon steel.
Background
The non-oriented silicon steel is an iron core material of a motor and a generator rotor which work in a rotating magnetic field, and the quality stability of the non-oriented silicon steel has important significance for improving the quality level of the motor. The Si content of the medium-low grade non-oriented silicon steel is controlled to be 0.5% -1.7%, and the existing general production process route is generally steelmaking-casting blank-hot rolling-acid continuous rolling-annealing-coating and finishing. Wherein, the equiaxed ferrite and deformed ferrite are obtained in the hot rolling process, the grain size of the ferrite and the ratio of the equiaxed ferrite have obvious influence on the rolling temperature and the coiling temperature in the hot rolling process; and because the heat dissipation of the head and the tail of the hot rolled coil is fast, the rolling temperature and the coiling temperature of the head and the tail of the hot rolled coil are lower than those of the middle part of the hot rolled coil, and further ferrite grains of the head and the tail are fine and the proportion of deformed ferrite is high compared with the middle part. Finally, the head and tail parts of the finished coil of the non-oriented silicon steel have high iron loss and low magnetic induction intensity, and the problem of inconsistent flux magnetic performance exists.
In order to solve the problem that the flux magnetic properties of the medium-low grade non-oriented silicon steel are inconsistent, the existing treatment method mainly comprises the steps of annealing head and tail speed reduction production, namely, in the annealing process, the roller speed when annealing the head and tail of a steel coil is smaller than the roller speed when annealing the middle part of the steel coil, so that the consistency of the flux magnetic properties is improved through annealing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production method of non-oriented silicon steel, which solves the problem of inconsistent rolling magnetic performance of medium-low grade non-oriented silicon steel on the premise of not obviously increasing production cost and ensures good magnetic performance.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing an unoriented silicon steel, comprising the steps of,
1) Steelmaking is carried out according to the mass percentage of Si in the chemical components of 0.3-1.2%, and casting blanks are prepared;
2) Heating a casting blank to 1050-1150 ℃ and preserving heat for more than 150min, rolling into an intermediate blank with the thickness of 40-45 mm, and performing finish rolling and coiling on the intermediate blank to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 3.00+/-0.25 mm, wherein: the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is less than or equal to A r1 ＝872℃+1000*(11*[Si]-14*[Mn]+21*[Al]) In [ Si ]]、[Mn]、[Al]Respectively the mass percentages of Si, mn and Al in the casting blank obtained in the step 1; when A is r1 The temperature is more than or equal to 1000 ℃, the finish rolling temperature T is less than or equal to 840 ℃, otherwise T is less than or equal to A r1 -160 ℃; the coiling temperature is less than or equal to 550 ℃;
3) Normalizing and acid tandem rolling are sequentially carried out on the hot rolled coiled plate to obtain a chilled coiled plate with the thickness of 0.500+/-0.005 mm, wherein the normalizing temperature is 850-950 ℃;
4) The chilled coil is treated in a continuous annealing furnace in H 2 +N 2 Carrying out finished product annealing at a constant speed in the mixed atmosphere of the furnace, wherein the temperature of the finished product annealing is 820-950 ℃; and cooling, coating and finishing the annealed steel strip to obtain a non-oriented silicon steel product.
Preferably, in step 1, the thickness of the resulting cast slab is 200 to 240mm.
Preferably, in step 3, in pure dry N 2 Normalizing for 120-150 s under the atmosphere.
Preferably, in step 3, the normalizing temperature fluctuates by ±10 ℃, and constant speed production is normalized.
Preferably, during the acid continuous rolling in the step 3, HCl is adopted for three-stage acid washing, and then rinsing, drying and cold rolling are carried out to obtain the chilled coil with the thickness of 0.500+/-0.005 mm.
Preferably, the annealing time in step 4 is 50.+ -.5 s.
Preferably, the annealing temperature of the finished product in the step 4 fluctuates by +/-10 ℃, and the annealing is produced at a constant speed.
Preferably, in the step 4, the annealed steel strip is subjected to three-stage cooling so as to control the residual stress of the steel strip to be less than or equal to 50MPa.
Preferably, in the step 1, steelmaking is carried out according to the chemical composition that Si is more than or equal to 0.3% and less than or equal to 0.6%, and the iron loss P of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 5.0W/kg and in-head tail wave motion<0.25W/kg; or,
in step 1, according to 0.6% of the chemical composition<Steelmaking is carried out with Si less than or equal to 0.9 percent, and the iron loss P of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is 1.5/50 4.5W/kg or less and in-head wake fluctuation<0.20W/kg; or,
in step 1, according to 0.9% of the chemical composition<Steelmaking is carried out with Si less than or equal to 1.2 percent, and the iron loss P of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is 1.5/50 4.0W/kg or less and in-head wake fluctuation<0.15W/kg。
Preferably, in step1, steelmaking is carried out according to the chemical components of Si which is more than or equal to 0.3 percent and less than or equal to 0.6 percent, and the magnetic induction intensity B of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is obtained 5000 1.75T or more and wake-in-head motion<0.015T; or,
in step 1, according to 0.6% of the chemical composition<Steelmaking is carried out with Si less than or equal to 0.9 percent, and the magnetic induction intensity B of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is 5000 1.73T and wake-in-head motion<0.015T; or,
in step 1, according to 0.9% of the chemical composition<Steelmaking is carried out with Si less than or equal to 1.2 percent, and the magnetic induction intensity B of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is 5000 1.71T or more and wake-in-head fluctuation<0.015T。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The non-oriented silicon steel product with the thickness of 0.500+/-0.005 mm prepared by the production method has the magnetic performance with a higher Si content range in the prior art, for example, the iron loss P of the non-oriented silicon steel product with Si content of 0.3 percent or more and Si content of 0.6 percent or less in the invention 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 5.0W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 The temperature is more than or equal to 1.75T, which is comparable to or even exceeds that of non-oriented silicon steel with Si content of 0.8-1.1 percent in the prior art; in the invention, 0.6%<Iron loss P of the obtained non-oriented silicon steel product with Si less than or equal to 0.9 percent 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 4.5W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 The Si content is more than or equal to 1.73T, which is comparable to or even exceeds that of non-oriented silicon steel with the Si content of 1.1-1.4 percent in the prior art; in the invention, 0.9%<Iron loss P of non-oriented silicon steel product with Si content less than or equal to 1.2% 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 4.0W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 The Si content is more than or equal to 1.71T, which is comparable to or even exceeds that of non-oriented silicon steel with the Si content of 1.4 to 1.7 percent in the prior art; thus, the non-oriented silicon steel product has excellent magnetic performance, can meet the requirements of medium and small motors on medium and low grade non-oriented silicon steel, has consistent rolling magnetic performance and core loss P of the head and the tail 1.5/50 Fluctuation ratio<0.15-0.25W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 Wave motion<0.015T, which is also not available in the prior art;
(2) The hot rolled coiled plate with a completely deformed ferrite structure is obtained by adopting low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling processes in the hot rolling process, and the added normalizing process is combined, so that the finally obtained non-oriented silicon steel has better magnetic property, the problem of inconsistent magnetic property of the heads and the tails of the non-oriented silicon steel finished products in the prior art is solved under the condition of constant-speed production in the finished product annealing process, and the condition that surface grains grow abnormally compared with the interior of the steel coil during normalizing process is avoided;
(3) Although the normalizing process is added, the production cost is not increased, the lower production cost is ensured, and the method has extremely high economic value. Specifically, the combination of the hot rolling process and the normalizing process fully plays the effect of improving the magnetic properties of the non-oriented silicon steel hot rolled steel plate structure and the finished product by the normalizing process, reduces the production cost of each process of steelmaking, hot rolling, acid continuous rolling, normalizing and annealing, and ensures that the total flow cost is not increased. In the steel-making process, in terms of chemical composition, the content of Si element for improving magnetic performance is reduced from 1.4-1.7%/1.1-1.4%/0.8-1.1% to 0.9-1.2%/0.6-0.9%/0.3-0.6% respectively, noble metals Sn and Sb for improving magnetic performance are not added any more, and the addition of Mn element is reduced, so that the cost of steel-making alloy is reduced on the premise of obtaining the same magnetic performance as the existing chemical composition. In the hot rolling process, a low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling process is adopted, so that on one hand, the temperature requirement on a heating furnace is reduced, and low-temperature heating is adopted, so that the energy consumption and the production cost are reduced compared with the existing hot rolling process; on the other hand, the surface oxide scale of the hot rolled coil is reduced, the burning loss is reduced, the yield is improved, and the production cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the thickness of the hot rolled coil is thickened from 2.0-2.5 mm to 3.00+/-0.25 mm, so that the production rate of the hot rolling process is improved, and the production cost of the hot rolling process is reduced as a whole. A normalizing process, wherein the hot rolling adopts a low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling process, so that the internal distortion of the hot rolled coil can be increased compared with that of the conventional high-temperature rolling and high-temperature coiling, the normalizing difficulty is reduced, and the low-temperature high-speed production in the normalizing process can be realized; in addition, the thickness of the hot rolled coil is thickened from 2.0-2.5 mm to 3.00+/-0.25 mm, so that the production rate of the normalizing process is improved, and the production cost of the normalizing process is reduced as a whole. The acid continuous rolling process, because the hot rolling adopts low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling processes, compared with the prior art, the iron scale on the surface of the steel plate is easier to remove cleanly in the acid continuous rolling process, the acid washing difficulty in the acid continuous rolling process is correspondingly reduced, and the surface quality and the production rate of the product are improved; meanwhile, the thickness of the hot rolled coiled plate is thickened to 3.00+/-0.25 mm from 2.0-2.5 mm in the prior art, the production rate of the acid continuous rolling process is improved, and the production cost of the acid continuous rolling process is reduced as a whole. And in the annealing process, due to the combination of the hot rolling process and the normalizing process, the head-in-tail structure of the obtained steel coil is uniform, so that the annealing process can adopt constant-speed low-temperature production, the production difficulty is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is further reduced.
Detailed Description
In one embodiment of the invention, a method for producing unoriented silicon steel is provided. Specifically, the production method includes the following steps.
And 1) steelmaking according to the mass percentage of Si in the chemical components of 0.3-1.2%, and preparing a casting blank.
The step 1, namely the steelmaking process and the casting blank process, comprises the steps of steelmaking according to the mass percentage of Si in the chemical components of 0.3-1.2%, and correspondingly, the mass percentage of Si in the chemical components of the obtained casting blank and the finally obtained non-oriented silicon steel finished product is 0.3-1.2%.
Preferably, the thickness of the casting blank obtained in the step 1 is 200-240 mm and the length is 10-11 m.
And 2) heating the casting blank obtained in the step 1 to 1050-1150 ℃ and preserving heat for more than 150min, rolling into an intermediate blank with the thickness of 40-45 mm, and carrying out finish rolling and coiling on the intermediate blank to obtain a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 3.00+/-0.25 mm.
This step 2 is also called a hot rolling step. Wherein: the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is less than or equal to A r1 ＝872℃
+1000*(11*[Si]-14*[Mn]+21*[Al]) In [ Si ]]、[Mn]、[Al]And (3) respectively representing the mass percentages of Si, mn and Al in the casting blank obtained in the step (1). That is, the mass percentage of Si, mn and Al in the casting blank obtained in the step 1 [ Si ]]、[Mn]、[Al]Calculating to obtain A r1 ＝872℃+1000*(11*[Si]-14*[Mn]+21*[Al]) In this step 2, the finish rolling start temperature is controlled to be smallIs equal to A r1 . And, when A r1 The finish rolling temperature T is not more than 840 ℃ when the temperature is not less than 1000 ℃, otherwise, when A r1 The temperature of finish rolling is less than 1000 ℃ and the finish rolling temperature T is less than or equal to A r1 -160 ℃. In addition, the coiling temperature is less than or equal to 550 ℃.
In this way, in the present embodiment, the hot rolling process employs a low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling process, so that each pass in the finish rolling is ensured to be performed in the ferrite region, and the final rolling pass of the finish rolling is performed in the low-temperature ferrite region, so that no γ/α transformation occurs in the finish rolling process, and the structure of the obtained hot rolled coil is a single-phase structure of the fully deformed ferrite, and based on the structure, the uniformity of the structure can be ensured even when the heat dissipation speeds of the heads and the tails of the hot rolled coil are different, and further, a foundation is laid for obtaining a non-oriented silicon steel product with consistent rolling magnetic properties.
In addition, in the embodiment, the hot rolling process adopts low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling processes, so that the temperature requirement on a heating furnace is reduced, low-temperature heating is adopted, solid solution of precipitates in a casting blank is reduced, growth of structural grains is facilitated, excellent magnetic performance of a non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained later is ensured, and production cost is reduced compared with the existing hot rolling process.
And 3) carrying out normalizing and acid tandem rolling on the hot rolled coiled plate obtained in the step 2 in sequence to obtain a chilled coiled plate with the thickness of 0.500+/-0.005 mm, wherein the normalizing temperature is 850-950 ℃.
In this step 3, namely, the normalizing step and the acid tandem rolling step.
The normalizing process is generally applied to the production of high-grade non-oriented silicon steel, namely, the production process route of the high-grade non-oriented silicon steel adopts steelmaking, casting blank, hot rolling, normalizing, acid continuous rolling, annealing, coating and finishing, however, for the existing production method of middle-low grade non-oriented silicon steel, the normalizing process is added as that of the high-grade non-oriented silicon steel, although the condition of inconsistent head-middle tail magnetic performance can be improved to a certain extent, the abnormal growth of surface grains of the hot rolled coiled plate compared with the inside can be caused, the serious color difference judgment of the surface of a steel coil after acid continuous rolling is caused, and the production cost is increased. In the production method, the hot rolled coil with the completely deformed ferrite structure is obtained by adopting the low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling processes in the hot rolling process in the step 2, so that a foundation is laid for the normalizing process, the problem that surface grains of the steel coil are abnormally grown compared with the surface grains of the steel coil in the normalizing process is avoided, namely, grains of the steel coil subjected to normalizing process are uniformly grown, and the normalizing process can also ensure that the finally obtained non-oriented silicon steel has better magnetic property; furthermore, the fully deformed ferrite structure of the hot rolled coil accumulates extremely high storage energy, so that the normalizing difficulty can be reduced, and the low-temperature high-speed production in the normalizing process can be realized, thereby avoiding excessive increase of production cost due to the increase of the normalizing process.
Further preferably, in the normalizing step, pure dry N 2 Normalizing for 120-150 s under the atmosphere. In addition, preferably, in the normalizing process, the normalizing temperature fluctuates by ±10 ℃, that is, the normalizing temperature is controlled within a fluctuation range of ±10 ℃, so that the maximum value and the minimum value of the temperature during the normalizing do not exceed a 20 ° difference; in the normalizing process, the constant speed production is realized, namely the roller speed is constant when normalizing the head, the middle and the tail of the steel coil.
In addition, in the embodiment, the low-temperature heating, low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling processes are adopted in the hot rolling process of the step 2, so that the surface iron scale of the hot rolled coil is reduced, the burning loss is reduced, and further compared with the prior art, the iron scale on the surface of the steel plate is easier to remove cleanly in the acid continuous rolling process of the step 3, the pickling difficulty in the acid continuous rolling process is correspondingly reduced, and the surface quality and the production rate of the product are improved; in addition, as described above, by adopting low-temperature heating in the hot rolling process of the step 2, the growth of the structure grains is facilitated, and by combining with the increase of the normalizing process, the thickness of the hot rolled coil of the step 2 can be thickened from 2.0-2.5 mm to 3.00+ -0.25 mm, while the larger the thickness of the hot rolled coil is, the larger the steel amount of the pickling treatment in the acid continuous rolling process of the step 3 is at the same rolling speed, thereby improving the production rate of the acid continuous rolling process and reducing the production cost of the acid continuous rolling process as a whole.
In addition, as described above, the thickness of the hot rolled coil can be increased from 2.0-2.5 mm to 3.00+ -0.25 mm due to the combination of the low-temperature heating and the normalizing process in the hot rolling process, and the increase of the thickness of the hot rolled coil can greatly reduce the difficulty of the hot rolling process in the hot rolling process and improve the production efficiency of the hot rolling process.
Further preferably, in the acid continuous rolling procedure of the step 3, HCl is adopted to perform tertiary acid washing, and then rinsing, drying and cold rolling are performed to obtain the chilled coil.
Step 4) adopting a continuous annealing furnace to H the chilled rolls obtained in the step 3 2 +N 2 Carrying out finished product annealing at a constant speed in the mixed atmosphere of the furnace, wherein the temperature of the finished product annealing is 820-950 ℃; and cooling, coating and finishing the annealed steel strip to obtain a non-oriented silicon steel product.
And 4, namely a finished product annealing process, a cooling process, a coating process and a finishing process.
In this embodiment, according to the foregoing, based on the hot rolling step of step 2 and the normalizing step of step 3, the head-to-tail structure of the obtained steel coil is uniform, and further, the final annealing step of step 4 adopts low-temperature constant-speed production, and then, through conventional cooling, coating and finishing, the non-oriented silicon steel with excellent magnetic properties and consistent head-to-tail magnetic properties and thickness of 0.500±0.005mm can be obtained, without adopting annealing head-to-tail deceleration production as in the prior art, reducing production difficulty and improving production efficiency.
The constant-speed production of the finished product annealing process, namely the constant-speed production in the finished product annealing process, namely the constant-speed roller speed during annealing aiming at the head part, the middle part and the tail part of the steel coil.
Further preferably, in the final annealing step of step 4, the annealing time is 50±5s, and the final annealing temperature fluctuates by ±10 ℃, i.e., the maximum and minimum temperatures during the final annealing do not exceed a 20 ° difference.
Thus, when the Si content is more than or equal to 0.3% and less than or equal to 0.6%, that is, when steel is further made according to the Si content of more than or equal to 0.3% and less than or equal to 0.6% in the chemical composition in the step 1, the iron loss P of the non-oriented silicon steel product obtained in the embodiment 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 5.0W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 ≥175T; when 0.6%<When the Si content is less than or equal to 0.9 percent, namely, when steelmaking is further carried out according to the chemical composition of 0.6 percent less than or equal to 0.9 percent in the step 1, the iron loss P of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained by the embodiment 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 4.5W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 Not less than 1.73T; when 0.9%<When the Si content is less than or equal to 1.2 percent, namely, when steelmaking is further carried out according to the chemical composition of 0.9 percent of Si which is less than or equal to 1.2 percent in the step 1, the iron loss P of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained by the embodiment 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 4.0W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 Not less than 1.71T; therefore, the finished product of the invention has excellent magnetic performance, can meet the requirements of medium and small-sized motors on low-grade non-oriented silicon steel, and can acquire the magnetic performance of the prior art with higher Si content range in a lower Si content range, for example, the magnetic performance of the non-oriented silicon steel with Si content of 0.3 percent less than or equal to 0.6 percent in the invention is comparable to or even exceeds that of the non-oriented silicon steel with Si content of 0.8 to 1.1 percent in the prior art, and the magnetic performance of the non-oriented silicon steel with Si content of 0.6 percent in the prior art is better than that of the non-oriented silicon steel with Si content of 0.3 percent less than or equal to 0.6 percent in the prior art<The magnetic performance of the silicon steel with Si less than or equal to 0.9 percent is comparable to or even exceeds that of the non-oriented silicon steel with Si content of 1.1 to 1.4 percent in the prior art, and the Si content is 0.9 percent<The magnetic performance of the silicon steel with the Si content less than or equal to 1.2 percent is comparable to or even exceeds that of the non-oriented silicon steel with the Si content of 1.4 to 1.7 percent in the prior art; and the magnetic properties of the coil are consistent, and the core loss P of the head and the tail is equal 1.5/50 Fluctuation ratio<0.15-0.25W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 Wave motion<0.015T, i.e. core loss P of the head-in-tail of the non-oriented silicon steel coil 1.5/50 Is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of (2)<0.15-0.25W/kg and B in the head, middle and tail 5000 Is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of (2)<0.015T。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The non-oriented silicon steel finished product prepared by the production method has excellent magnetic property, can meet the requirements of medium and small motors on medium and low grade non-oriented silicon steel, has consistent rolling magnetic property and core loss P of the head and the tail 1.5/50 And magnetic induction intensity B 5000 The fluctuation of the non-oriented silicon steel product is small, and the magnetic performance stability of the non-oriented silicon steel product is improved;
(2) The hot rolled coiled plate with a completely deformed ferrite structure is obtained by adopting low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling processes in the hot rolling process, and the added normalizing process is combined, so that the finally obtained non-oriented silicon steel has better magnetic property, the problem of inconsistent magnetic property of the heads and the tails of the non-oriented silicon steel finished products in the prior art is solved under the condition of constant-speed production in the finished product annealing process, and the condition that surface grains grow abnormally compared with the interior of the steel coil during normalizing process is avoided;
(3) Although the normalizing process is added, the production cost is not increased, the lower production cost is ensured, and the method has extremely high economic value. Specifically, the combination of the hot rolling process and the normalizing process fully plays the effect of improving the magnetic properties of the non-oriented silicon steel hot rolled steel plate structure and the finished product by the normalizing process, reduces the production cost of each process of steelmaking, hot rolling, acid continuous rolling, normalizing and annealing, and ensures that the total flow cost is not increased. In the steel-making process, in terms of chemical composition, the content of Si element for improving magnetic performance is reduced from 1.4-1.7%/1.1-1.4%/0.8-1.1% to 0.9-1.2%/0.6-0.9%/0.3-0.6% respectively, noble metals Sn and Sb for improving magnetic performance are not added any more, and the addition of Mn element is reduced, so that the cost of steel-making alloy is reduced on the premise of obtaining the same magnetic performance as the existing chemical composition. In the hot rolling process, a low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling process is adopted, so that on one hand, the temperature requirement on a heating furnace is reduced, and low-temperature heating is adopted, so that the energy consumption and the production cost are reduced compared with the existing hot rolling process; on the other hand, the surface oxide scale of the hot rolled coil is reduced, the burning loss is reduced, the yield is improved, and the production cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the thickness of the hot rolled coil is thickened from 2.0-2.5 mm to 3.00+/-0.25 mm, so that the production rate of the hot rolling process is improved, and the production cost of the hot rolling process is reduced as a whole. A normalizing process, wherein the hot rolling adopts a low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling process, so that the internal distortion of the hot rolled coil can be increased compared with that of the conventional high-temperature rolling and high-temperature coiling, the normalizing difficulty is reduced, and the low-temperature high-speed production in the normalizing process can be realized; in addition, the thickness of the hot rolled coil is thickened from 2.0-2.5 mm to 3.00+/-0.25 mm, so that the production rate of the normalizing process is improved, and the production cost of the normalizing process is reduced as a whole. The acid continuous rolling process, because the hot rolling adopts low-temperature rolling and low-temperature coiling processes, compared with the prior art, the iron scale on the surface of the steel plate is easier to remove cleanly in the acid continuous rolling process, the acid washing difficulty in the acid continuous rolling process is correspondingly reduced, and the surface quality and the production rate of the product are improved; meanwhile, the thickness of the hot rolled coiled plate is thickened to 3.00+/-0.25 mm from 2.0-2.5 mm in the prior art, the production rate of the acid continuous rolling process is improved, and the production cost of the acid continuous rolling process is reduced as a whole. And in the annealing process, due to the combination of the hot rolling process and the normalizing process, the head-in-tail structure of the obtained steel coil is uniform, so that the annealing process can adopt constant-speed low-temperature production, the production difficulty is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is further reduced.
The above detailed description is merely illustrative of possible embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment are further illustrated by the following 3 comparative examples and 3 examples, which are, of course, only some of the many variations of the invention, but not all. The 3 comparative examples and the 3 examples respectively provide non-oriented silicon steel, and the production method thereof is as follows:
step 1)
Steelmaking is carried out, then a casting blank is prepared, the chemical components of the casting blank are shown in the table 1 in percentage by mass, and the thickness of the casting blank is also shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
Step 2)
And (3) heating the casting blank obtained in the step (1), rolling into an intermediate blank, and performing finish rolling and coiling on the intermediate blank to obtain a hot rolled coil.
Wherein examples 1 to 3 are based on the mass percentages of Si, mn, al [ Si ] in the cast slab obtained in step 1]、[Mn]、[Al]Calculating to obtain A r1 ＝872℃+1000*(11*[Si]-14*[Mn]+21*[Al]) In this step 2, finish rolling is controlledThe initial rolling temperature is less than or equal to A r1 . When A is r1 The finish rolling temperature T is not more than 840 ℃ when the temperature is not less than 1000 ℃, otherwise, when A r1 The temperature of finish rolling is less than 1000 ℃ and the finish rolling temperature T is less than or equal to A r1 -160 ℃. In addition, the coiling temperature is less than or equal to 550 ℃.
Whereas comparative examples 1 to 3 employed a conventional high Wen Zhongga, high temperature coiling process to obtain as much recrystallized structure as possible.
The heating temperatures, holding time periods, intermediate blank thicknesses, finish rolling start rolling temperatures, finish rolling temperatures, coiling temperatures, and hot rolled coil thicknesses of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Here, microscopic metallographic examination was performed on the hot rolled sheets obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 3, respectively, to find that: (1) The structure of each comparative example is a composite structure of deformed ferrite and equiaxed ferrite; the head, the tail and the edge of the hot rolled coil are fine in ferrite grains and high in deformed ferrite proportion; the middle part of the hot rolled coil has high ferrite recrystallization proportion and larger crystal grains; the difference of the rolling structures of the hot rolled coiled plates is large; (2) While the structure of each embodiment is a fully deformed ferrite structure, and does not contain an equiaxed ferrite structure; and the middle part of the hot rolled coil is a fully deformed ferrite structure; the hot rolled coiled plate has uniform coiled structure.
Step 3)
And (3) directly performing acid tandem rolling on the hot rolled coiled sheets obtained in the comparative examples 1-3 obtained in the step (2) to obtain a chilled coiled sheet with the thickness of 0.500+/-0.005 mm.
And (3) normalizing the hot rolled coils obtained in the examples 1-3 obtained in the step (2) in sequence, and performing acid tandem rolling to obtain a chilled coil with the thickness of 0.500+/-0.005 mm, wherein the normalizing temperature is 850-900 ℃.
The key parameters of each comparative example and example, such as normalizing temperature, normalizing time period, normalizing temperature fluctuation, pickling speed, chill roll thickness and raw material thickness are specifically shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Here, microscopic examination of the hot rolled sheet obtained after the normalizing step in examples 1 to 3 revealed that the structure of each example was a completely equiaxed ferrite structure and the structure was uniform. In addition, the steel sheets of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 3 were excellent in surface quality after pickling. Wherein, the thickness of the hot rolled coil plates before acid continuous rolling in examples 1-3 is 3.00mm and is 2.50mm higher than that in comparative examples 1-3, so the actual production efficiency of examples 1-3 is improved.
Step 4)
Adopting a continuous annealing furnace to treat the chilled coil obtained in the step 3 in H 2 +N 2 And (3) carrying out finished product annealing in the mixed atmosphere of the alloy. During the annealing of the finished product, examples 1 to 3 were produced at a constant speed at low temperature; while comparative examples 1 to 3 were high in annealing temperature and produced with a slow down of the head and tail. Wherein the annealing temperature fluctuates by + -10deg.C, i.e., the maximum and minimum temperatures do not exceed a 20 DEG difference during the final annealing.
And cooling, coating and finishing the annealed steel strip to obtain a non-oriented silicon steel product. In the cooling procedure, three-section cooling is adopted to cool the annealed steel strip, so that the residual stress of the steel strip is effectively controlled to be less than or equal to 50MPa, and the control of the shape of the steel strip is facilitated.
Wherein the final annealing temperature, annealing time, annealing speed, head-to-tail annealing time and head-to-tail annealing speed are shown in Table 4, respectively.
TABLE 4
The non-oriented silicon steel products obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 3 were examined, and the magnetic properties and the surface determination results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
As can be seen from the data in table 5:
(1) Example 1 compared with comparative example 1, the properties of the obtained non-oriented silicon steel product satisfy the iron loss P 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 5.0W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 The requirement of more than or equal to 1.75T; example 1 Hot Rolling Low temperature Rolling, low temperature normalizing, annealing constant speed production, stable magnetic property, and iron damage Medium-Tail wave movement<0.25W/kg, tail wave motion in magnetic induction head<0.015T；
(2) Example 2 compared with comparative example 2, the properties of the obtained non-oriented silicon steel product satisfy the iron loss P 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 4.5W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 The requirement of more than or equal to 1.73T; example 1 Hot Rolling Low temperature Rolling, low temperature normalizing, annealing constant speed production, stable magnetic property, and iron damage Medium-Tail wave movement<0.20W/kg, tail wave motion in magnetic induction head<0.015T；
(3) Example 3 compared with comparative example 3, the properties of the obtained non-oriented silicon steel product satisfy the iron loss P 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 4.0W/kg, magnetic induction intensity B 5000 The requirement of more than or equal to 1.71T; example 1 Hot Rolling Low temperature Rolling, low temperature normalizing, annealing constant speed production, stable magnetic property, and iron damage Medium-Tail wave movement<0.15W/kg, tail wave motion in magnetic induction head<0.015T；
(4) Meanwhile, compared with the comparative examples, the contents of Si and Mn in the chemical components are greatly reduced, sn is not added in the steelmaking process (Sn contained in the finished product is inevitably introduced in molten iron or other alloys), the steelmaking alloy cost is reduced, the thickness of the hot rolled coil is increased, the production efficiency of hot rolling, normalizing and acid rolling is improved, the production cost is reduced by annealing at a low temperature and a constant speed, the production cost is reduced, and the increase of normalizing and the total production cost is realizedIn addition, under the condition of low overall alloy cost and production cost, the obtained non-oriented silicon steel product has low iron loss, small fluctuation of iron loss in the head and tail and magnetic induction intensity B 5000 Greatly increases the magnetic induction intensity B in the head and tail 5000 The fluctuation is small.
In summary, as can be seen from examples 1 to 3, the non-oriented silicon steel produced by the embodiment of the present invention solves the problem of inconsistent rolling magnetic properties of the medium-low grade non-oriented silicon steel without significantly increasing production cost, and ensures good magnetic properties.

Claims (10)

1. A production method of non-oriented silicon steel is characterized by comprising the following steps,
1) Steelmaking is carried out according to the mass percentage of Si in the chemical components of 0.3-1.2%, and casting blanks are prepared;
2) Heating a casting blank to 1050-1150 ℃ and preserving heat for more than 150min, rolling into an intermediate blank with the thickness of 40-45 mm, and performing finish rolling and coiling on the intermediate blank to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 3.00+/-0.25 mm, wherein: the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is less than or equal to A r1 ＝872℃+1000*(11*[Si]-14*[Mn]+21*[Al]) In [ Si ]]、[Mn]、[Al]Respectively the mass percentages of Si, mn and Al in the casting blank obtained in the step 1; when A is r1 The temperature is more than or equal to 1000 ℃, the finish rolling temperature T is less than or equal to 840 ℃, otherwise T is less than or equal to A r1 -160 ℃; the coiling temperature is less than 550 ℃;
3) Normalizing and acid tandem rolling are sequentially carried out on the hot rolled coiled plate to obtain a chilled coiled plate with the thickness of 0.500+/-0.005 mm, wherein the normalizing temperature is 850-950 ℃;
4) The chilled coil is treated in a continuous annealing furnace in H 2 +N 2 Carrying out finished product annealing at a constant speed in the mixed atmosphere of the furnace, wherein the temperature of the finished product annealing is 820-950 ℃; and cooling, coating and finishing the annealed steel strip to obtain a non-oriented silicon steel product.
2. The method for producing non-oriented silicon steel according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the thickness of the obtained cast slab is 200 to 240mm.
3. The method for producing non-oriented silicon steel according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, in pure dry N 2 Normalizing for 120-150 s under the atmosphere.
4. The method for producing non-oriented silicon steel according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the normalized temperature fluctuates by ±10 ℃ and the constant-speed production is normalized.
5. The method for producing non-oriented silicon steel according to claim 1, wherein during the acid continuous rolling in the step 3, HCl is used for three-stage pickling, and then rinsing, drying and cold rolling are performed to obtain a chilled coil with a thickness of 0.500±0.005 mm.
6. The method of producing unoriented silicon steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the annealing time in step 4 is 50±5s.
7. The method for producing non-oriented silicon steel according to claim 1, wherein the annealing temperature of the finished product of step 4 fluctuates by ±10 ℃ and the annealing is carried out at a constant speed.
8. The method of producing unoriented silicon steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel strip annealed in step 4 is subjected to three-stage cooling to control the residual stress of the steel strip to be 50MPa or less.
9. The method for producing non-oriented silicon steel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step 1, steelmaking is performed at 0.3% or more and 0.6% or less of Si in chemical composition, and the non-oriented silicon steel product obtained in the production method has iron loss P 1.5/50 Less than or equal to 5.0W/kg and in-head tail wave motion<0.25W/kg; or,
in step 1, according to 0.6% of the chemical composition<Steelmaking is carried out with Si less than or equal to 0.9 percent, and the iron loss P of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is 1.5/50 4.5W/kg or less and in-head wake fluctuation<0.20W/kg; or,
in step 1, according to 0.9% of the chemical composition<Steelmaking is carried out with Si less than or equal to 1.2 percent, and the iron loss P of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is 1.5/50 4.0W/kg or less and in-head wake fluctuation<0.15W/kg。
10. The method for producing non-oriented silicon steel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step 1, steelmaking is performed according to 0.3% or more Si or less than 0.6% in chemical composition, and the magnetic induction B of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method 5000 1.75T or more and wake-in-head motion<0.015T; or,
in step 1, according to 0.6% of the chemical composition<Steelmaking is carried out with Si less than or equal to 0.9 percent, and the magnetic induction intensity B of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is 5000 1.73T and wake-in-head motion<0.015T; or,
in step 1, according to 0.9% of the chemical composition<Steelmaking is carried out with Si less than or equal to 1.2 percent, and the magnetic induction intensity B of the non-oriented silicon steel finished product obtained in the production method is 5000 1.71T or more and wake-in-head fluctuation<0.015T。
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