CN113399883A - Method for inhibiting welding deformation of heat exchanger tube plate - Google Patents
Method for inhibiting welding deformation of heat exchanger tube plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113399883A CN113399883A CN202110751911.8A CN202110751911A CN113399883A CN 113399883 A CN113399883 A CN 113399883A CN 202110751911 A CN202110751911 A CN 202110751911A CN 113399883 A CN113399883 A CN 113399883A
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- elastic sleeve
- conical
- heat exchange
- tube
- pin
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for inhibiting welding deformation of a heat exchanger tube plate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing a welding deformation suppression tool; after the heat exchange tube and the tube plate are welded, the elastic sleeve is quickly inserted into the tube opening of the heat exchange tube, so that the shaft shoulder of the elastic sleeve is tightly attached to the end face of the tube opening of the heat exchange tube, and then the nut is quickly screwed; and dismantling the welding deformation suppression tool when the temperature of the welding seam is reduced to normal temperature. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the volume is small, the occupied space is small, and the welding operation is not influenced; the operation is convenient, and the installation and the disassembly are convenient; the application range is wide: 1) the specification and the material of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate are not limited; 2) the connection form of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate is not limited, and the connection form includes the condition that the tube opening of the heat exchange tube is higher than the surface of the tube plate, lower than the surface of the tube plate, flush with the surface of the tube plate and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for inhibiting welding deformation of a heat exchanger tube plate, which is used for inhibiting deformation of the heat exchanger tube plate in the welding process.
Background
The heat exchanger is an important device in a thermodynamic process, is widely applied to the industries of chemical industry, petroleum, power, refrigeration and the like, is an indispensable device for ensuring the normal operation of an industrial process, and accounts for 20-40% of the total investment in a petrochemical device. The manufacturing quality of the heat exchanger has a great influence on production, for example, a falling film evaporator in a certain ethylene glycol device requires that the flatness of the welded surface of a tube plate is 1mm, otherwise the performance of the falling film evaporator can be influenced. The ratio of the diameter to the thickness of the tube plate of the falling film evaporator is about 17, about 2300 heat exchange tubes with the diameter of 25mm are arranged on the tube plate, and the connection form of the heat exchange tubes and the tube plate is strength welding and sticking expansion. The tube plate has dense welding lines, large welding amount and large ratio of diameter to thickness, and ensures that the flatness of 1mm after welding is very difficult. In addition, even if the welding deformation of the tube plate is not required by design, the welding deformation caused by improper manufacturing process can possibly cause the problems of poor sealing, pulling-out of the heat exchange tube and the like.
The existing deformation prevention measures, such as reduction of welding line energy, adoption of a reasonable welding sequence, adoption of a rigid fixing clamp and the like, have the defects of dense welding seams, large welding quantity and unsatisfactory tube plate effect with large diameter-thickness ratio, and the rigid fixing clamp has large volume and influences welding operation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple and effective method for suppressing the welding deformation of the tube sheet of the heat exchanger.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the existing deformation prevention measures are not ideal for the effects of tube plates with dense welding seams, large welding amount, large welding seam shrinkage and large diameter-thickness ratio, and the rigid fixing clamp has large volume and influences the welding operation.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a method for inhibiting welding deformation of a heat exchanger tube plate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps of preparing a welding deformation restraining tool, wherein the welding deformation restraining tool comprises a hollow elastic sleeve, an upper conical pin, a lower conical pin and a nut.
The inner cavity of the elastic sleeve is divided into an upper conical cavity and a lower conical cavity with the same upper and lower tapers, the small diameter end of the upper conical cavity and the small diameter end of the lower conical cavity are in butt joint with the inner side of the elastic sleeve, and the large diameter end of the upper conical cavity and the large diameter end of the lower conical cavity are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the elastic sleeve.
The elastic sleeve has certain elasticity in the radial direction. The outer diameter of the elastic sleeve is smaller than the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube in a natural state, and after the elastic sleeve is subjected to internal expansion force, the outer diameter of the elastic sleeve is increased and is tightly attached to the inner wall of the heat exchange tube; the upper end of the elastic sleeve is provided with a step, and a shaft shoulder of the step is used for pressing the end surface of the heat exchange tube to play a role in axial positioning.
The lower conical pin comprises a conical body and a screw rod connected with the conical body, and the top end of the screw rod is a threaded section matched with the nut; the taper of the conical body is consistent with the taper of the lower conical cavity in the elastic sleeve.
The main structure of the upper conical pin is a conical body, and the taper of the conical body is consistent with that of the upper conical cavity in the elastic sleeve; the center of the upper conical pin is provided with an axial through hole, and the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the screw rod and the thread section of the lower conical pin.
Inserting the tapered end of the lower tapered pin into the lower tapered cavity of the elastic sleeve to ensure that the tapered directions of the lower tapered pin and the elastic sleeve are consistent and the thread section of the lower tapered pin is exposed out of the elastic sleeve; inserting the upper conical pin into the upper conical cavity of the elastic sleeve to enable the conical directions of the upper conical pin and the elastic sleeve to be consistent, and enabling the screw rod of the lower conical pin to penetrate into the central through hole of the upper conical pin; screwing a nut on the thread section of the lower conical pin; and after the welding deformation suppression tool is assembled, the elastic sleeve should be kept in a loose state.
After each heat exchange tube is welded with the tube plate, quickly inserting the elastic sleeve into the tube opening of the heat exchange tube to enable the shaft shoulder of the elastic sleeve to be tightly attached to the end face of the tube opening of the heat exchange tube, and then quickly screwing the nut; in the process of screwing the nut, the upper conical pin and the lower conical pin are gradually close to each other, the elastic sleeve is expanded under the action of the conical pins, the diameter of the elastic sleeve is increased, the elastic sleeve is tightly attached to the inner wall of the heat exchange tube, and the elastic sleeve plays a supporting role at the moment and prevents the contraction of a welding line to a certain extent.
And step three, dismantling the welding deformation suppression tool when the temperature of the welding seam is reduced to the normal temperature.
Preferably, 2N open grooves are uniformly distributed in the elastic sleeve along the circumferential direction, N is more than or equal to 2, and each open groove penetrates through the radial thickness of the elastic sleeve; axial openings of N open grooves in the 2N open grooves face the upper end of the elastic sleeve, and axial openings of the other N open grooves face the lower end of the elastic sleeve; n open slots with axial openings facing the upper end of the elastic sleeve and N open slots with axial openings facing the lower end of the elastic sleeve are distributed at intervals.
Preferably, the expansion force between the elastic sleeve and the inner wall of the heat exchange tube is adjusted by adjusting the pretightening force of the nut.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the volume is small, the occupied space is small, and the welding operation is not influenced; the operation is convenient, and the installation and the disassembly are convenient; the application range is wide: 1) the specification and the material of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate are not limited; 2) the connection form of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate is not limited, and the connection form includes the condition that the tube opening of the heat exchange tube is higher than the surface of the tube plate, lower than the surface of the tube plate, flush with the surface of the tube plate and the like.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views illustrating a process of forming a welding deformation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a welding deformation suppression tool;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an elastic sleeve;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lower tapered pin;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of an upper tapered pin.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Taking a falling film evaporator tube plate as an example, the welding joint of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate is flat-end welding, the heat exchange tube is flush with the surface of the tube plate, the ideal state of the welded tube plate is shown in figure 1, and the tube plate is not welded and deformed. As the welding seam shrinks towards the center of the pipe orifice in the cooling process, the diameter of the pipe orifice becomes smaller, the upper surface of the pipe plate moves towards the center of the pipe orifice under the shrinkage tension, the whole pipe plate is sunken downwards, and the actual deformation condition after welding is shown in figure 2. Therefore, the deformation of the tube plate after welding can be inhibited to a certain extent by preventing the weld joint from shrinking along the radial direction.
Based on the principle, the invention provides a method for inhibiting welding deformation of a heat exchanger tube plate, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a welding deformation suppression tool. As shown in fig. 3, the welding deformation suppression tool is mainly composed of a hollow elastic sleeve 1, an upper tapered pin 2, a lower tapered pin 3, and a nut 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the inner cavity of the elastic sleeve 1 is divided into an upper tapered cavity and a lower tapered cavity with equal upper and lower tapers. The small diameter end of the upper conical cavity and the small diameter end of the lower conical cavity are in end joint with the inner side of the elastic sleeve, and the large diameter end of the upper conical cavity and the large diameter end of the lower conical cavity are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the elastic sleeve 1. The elastic sleeve 1 is uniformly provided with 2N open grooves 1-1 along the circumferential direction, N is more than or equal to 2, and each open groove penetrates through the radial thickness of the elastic sleeve. The axial openings of N open grooves 1-1 in the 2N open grooves 1-1 face the upper end of the elastic sleeve 1, and the axial openings of the other N open grooves 1-1 face the lower end of the elastic sleeve 1. N open grooves 1-1 with axial openings facing the upper end of the elastic sleeve 1 and N open grooves 1-1 with axial openings facing the lower end of the elastic sleeve 1 are distributed at intervals. The upper end of the elastic sleeve 1 is provided with a step 1-2, and a shaft shoulder of the step 1-2 is used for pressing the end surface of the heat exchange tube A to play a role in axial positioning. Due to the existence of the open slot 1-1, the elastic sleeve 1 has certain elasticity in the radial direction, and the outer diameter of the elastic sleeve 1 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube A in a natural state.
As shown in FIG. 5, the lower tapered pin 3 includes a tapered end 3-1 and a screw 3-2 connected to the tapered end 3-1, and the top end of the screw 3-2 is a threaded section 3-3 for cooperating with the nut 4. The taper of the tapered end 3-1 is consistent with the taper of the lower tapered cavity in the elastic sleeve 1.
As shown in fig. 6, the main structure of the upper tapered pin 2 is a cone, and the taper of the cone is consistent with that of the upper tapered cavity in the elastic sleeve 1. The upper conical pin 2 has an axial through hole in the center, the diameter of the hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the screw rod 3-2 and the thread section 3-3 of the lower conical pin 3.
Inserting the tapered end 3-1 of the lower tapered pin 3 into the lower tapered cavity of the elastic sleeve 1, so that the tapered end 3-1 of the tapered pin 3 is consistent with the tapered direction of the lower tapered cavity of the elastic sleeve 1, and the thread section 3-3 of the lower tapered pin 3 is exposed out of the elastic sleeve 1. The upper conical pin 2 is inserted into the upper conical cavity of the elastic sleeve 1, so that the conical directions of the upper conical pin 2 and the upper conical cavity of the elastic sleeve 1 are consistent, and the screw 3-2 of the lower conical pin 3 penetrates through the central through hole of the upper conical pin 2. A nut 4 is screwed onto the threaded section 3-3 of the lower tapered pin 3. After the welding deformation suppression tool is assembled, the elastic sleeve 1 should be kept in a loose state.
And step two, after each heat exchange tube B is welded with the tube plate A, quickly inserting the elastic sleeve 1 into the tube orifice of the heat exchange tube B, forcibly pushing the elastic sleeve 1 to enable the shaft shoulder of the elastic sleeve 1 to be tightly attached to the end face of the tube orifice of the heat exchange tube B, and then quickly screwing the nut 4. During the process of screwing the nut 4, the upper conical pin 2 and the lower conical pin 3 gradually approach, and the elastic sleeve 1 is expanded and the diameter is increased under the action of the conical surfaces. When the elastic sleeve 1 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the heat exchange tube B, the supporting function can be achieved, the contraction of a welding line can be prevented to a certain degree, and therefore the integral deformation of the tube plate A can be prevented. The expansion force between the elastic sleeve 1 and the inner wall of the heat exchange tube B can reach the expected effect only by adjusting to a proper value, and the size of the expansion force can be realized by adjusting the pretightening force of the nut 4.
And step three, dismantling the welding deformation suppression tool when the temperature of the welding seam is reduced to the normal temperature.
Claims (3)
1. A method for inhibiting welding deformation of a heat exchanger tube plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a welding deformation suppression tool, wherein the welding deformation suppression tool comprises a hollow elastic sleeve, an upper conical pin, a lower conical pin and a nut;
the inner cavity of the elastic sleeve is divided into an upper conical cavity and a lower conical cavity with the same upper and lower tapers; the small-diameter end of the upper conical cavity and the small-diameter end of the lower conical cavity are in end joint with the inner side of the elastic sleeve, and the large-diameter end of the upper conical cavity and the large-diameter end of the lower conical cavity are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the elastic sleeve; the elastic sleeve has certain elasticity in the radial direction, the outer diameter of the elastic sleeve is smaller than the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube in a natural state, and after the elastic sleeve is subjected to internal expansion force, the outer diameter of the elastic sleeve is increased and is tightly attached to the inner wall of the heat exchange tube; the upper end of the elastic sleeve is provided with a step, and a shaft shoulder of the step is used for pressing the end surface of the heat exchange tube to play a role in axial positioning;
the lower conical pin comprises a conical end and a screw rod connected with the conical end, and the top end of the screw rod is a threaded section matched with the nut; the taper of the tapered end is consistent with the taper of the lower tapered cavity in the elastic sleeve;
the main structure of the upper conical pin is a conical body, and the taper of the conical body is consistent with that of the upper conical cavity in the elastic sleeve; the center of the upper conical pin is provided with an axial through hole, and the diameter of the hole is larger than the diameters of the screw rod and the thread section of the lower conical pin;
inserting the tapered end of the lower tapered pin into the lower tapered cavity of the elastic sleeve to ensure that the tapered directions of the lower tapered pin and the elastic sleeve are consistent and the thread section of the lower tapered pin is exposed out of the elastic sleeve; inserting the upper conical pin into the upper conical cavity of the elastic sleeve to enable the conical directions of the upper conical pin and the elastic sleeve to be consistent, and enabling the screw rod of the lower conical pin to penetrate into the central through hole of the upper conical pin; screwing a nut on the thread section of the lower conical pin; after the welding deformation suppression tool is assembled, the elastic sleeve should be kept in a loose state;
after each heat exchange tube is welded with the tube plate, quickly inserting the elastic sleeve into the tube opening of the heat exchange tube to enable the shaft shoulder of the elastic sleeve to be tightly attached to the end face of the tube opening of the heat exchange tube, and then quickly screwing the nut; in the process of screwing the nut, the upper conical pin and the lower conical pin are gradually close to each other, the elastic sleeve is expanded under the action of the conical pins, the diameter of the elastic sleeve is increased, the elastic sleeve is tightly attached to the inner wall of the heat exchange tube, and the elastic sleeve plays a supporting role at the moment and prevents the contraction of a welding line to a certain extent;
and step three, dismantling the welding deformation suppression tool when the temperature of the welding seam is reduced to the normal temperature.
2. The method for inhibiting the welding deformation of the tube plate of the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein 2N open grooves are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the elastic sleeve, N is more than or equal to 2, and each open groove penetrates through the radial thickness of the elastic sleeve; axial openings of N open grooves in the 2N open grooves face the upper end of the elastic sleeve, and axial openings of the other N open grooves face the lower end of the elastic sleeve; n open slots with axial openings facing the upper end of the elastic sleeve and N open slots with axial openings facing the lower end of the elastic sleeve are distributed at intervals.
3. The method for suppressing the welding deformation of the tube plate of the heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expansion force between the elastic sleeve and the inner wall of the heat exchange tube is adjusted by adjusting the pretightening force of the nut.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110751911.8A CN113399883A (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Method for inhibiting welding deformation of heat exchanger tube plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110751911.8A CN113399883A (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Method for inhibiting welding deformation of heat exchanger tube plate |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113399883A true CN113399883A (en) | 2021-09-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110751911.8A Pending CN113399883A (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Method for inhibiting welding deformation of heat exchanger tube plate |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114012316A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | A metal-rubber composite fixture for preventing excess liquid-cooled runners |
| CN114473273A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-05-13 | 二重（德阳）重型装备有限公司 | Liquid cooling support tool for plug-in type connecting pipe and anti-deformation method for reactor core measuring pipe |
| CN114799630A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-29 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | Tool for inhibiting welding deformation of heat exchanger tube plate |
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| CN114473273B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-01-20 | 二重（德阳）重型装备有限公司 | Liquid cooling support tool for plug-in type connecting pipe and anti-deformation method for reactor core measuring pipe |
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Application publication date: 20210917 |