CN113399725A - Steel rail milling and grinding cutter, milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment device and experiment method - Google Patents
Steel rail milling and grinding cutter, milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment device and experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113399725A CN113399725A CN202110858589.9A CN202110858589A CN113399725A CN 113399725 A CN113399725 A CN 113399725A CN 202110858589 A CN202110858589 A CN 202110858589A CN 113399725 A CN113399725 A CN 113399725A
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 519
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a steel rail milling cutter, which comprises a milling cutter disc; the milling cutter disc is provided with a plurality of groups of milling cutter groups, each group of milling cutter groups is provided with two rows of milling cutters, and each row of milling cutters comprises a square milling cutter blade and an arc milling cutter blade; the square milling and grinding blades in each row of milling cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc, and the square milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the projections of the cutting edges of the square milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters in the radial direction of the milling cutter disc form a continuous first cutting edge line; the arc milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc and are staggered with each other, so that the projections of the cutting edges of the arc milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters in the radial direction of the milling cutter disc form a continuous second cutting edge line; the first cutting edge line and the second cutting edge line are mutually and continuously formed into a steel rail milling line. According to the invention, the square milling and grinding blade and the arc milling and grinding blade are reasonably arranged, so that the contact surface with the steel rail is smoother during milling and grinding, the milling and grinding effect is good, and the blade and the rail can be well protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel rail milling and grinding, in particular to a steel rail milling and grinding cutter.
Background
The steel rail materials widely used on the railway in China are U71Mn and U75V, both belong to typical high-manganese alloy steel, have good structure toughness, plasticity and fatigue performance, and are steel grades with stable performance in domestic high-strength steel rails. In the long-term service process of the steel rail, a series of diseases can occur to the steel rail due to the periodic rolling, friction and impact of wheels, and the diseases mainly comprise the diseases of steel rail fat edge, rail top surface scratch or peeling, wave-shaped abrasion, fish scale pattern (surface local micro fatigue crack), steel rail side grinding, crushing, rusting and the like.
The steel rail diseases are mainly formed by carrying out on-site milling and shaping on the steel rail by adopting a steel rail milling and grinding vehicle so as to overcome the diseases. The steel rail milling and grinding vehicle is mostly used for matching milling and grinding blades for shaping, before the milling and grinding blades are used, the specific service life of the blades and the service performance of the milling and grinding blades under different parameter conditions need to be tested, the existing milling and grinding blade service life simulation experiment equipment can only pass field experiments after research, and tests are carried out after the parameters are adjusted through results, so that the milling and grinding blades with the best material and coating ratio can be selected, the experiment period is long, the blades are likely to be scrapped due to unreasonable use parameters, the damage and scrapping of tracks are caused, and various problems are brought to the material selection and the test of the blades.
Therefore, a need exists for a convenient, safe and fast life simulation device for milling and grinding blades.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a steel rail milling and grinding tool, wherein a square milling and grinding blade and an arc milling and grinding blade on the steel rail milling and grinding tool can completely cover a steel rail tread and a gauge angle and form a matched steel rail milling and grinding line with the steel rail tread and the gauge angle, and the steel rail milling and grinding tool has good blade and rail protection effects and a milling and grinding effect.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme: a steel rail milling cutter comprises a milling cutter disc; the outer contour surface of the milling cutter disc is provided with a plurality of groups of milling cutter groups, each group of milling cutter groups is provided with two rows of milling cutters, and each row of milling cutters comprises a square milling cutter blade and an arc milling cutter blade which are sequentially arranged; the square milling and grinding blades in each row of milling cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc, and the square milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the projections of the cutting edges of the square milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters in the radial direction of the milling cutter disc form continuous first cutting edge lines, and the first cutting edge lines can completely cover the tread of the steel rail; the arc milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc and are staggered with each other, so that the projections of the cutting edges of the arc milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters in the radial direction of the milling cutter disc form a continuous second cutting edge line, and the second cutting edge line can completely cover the gauge angle of the steel rail; and the first cutting edge line and the second cutting edge line are mutually and continuously formed into a steel rail milling and grinding line.
Based on the technical scheme, the outer contour surface of the milling cutter head consists of a first contour surface and a second contour surface which are continuous, the first contour surface is used for covering the tread of the steel rail, and the second contour surface is used for covering the gauge angle of the steel rail; the square milling and grinding blade is arranged on the first contour surface, and the arc milling and grinding blade is arranged on the second contour surface.
Based on the technical scheme, a plurality of square milling and grinding blades in each row of milling cutters are arranged at intervals, the number of the square milling and grinding blades of one row of milling cutters in each milling cutter group is n, the number of the square milling and grinding blades of the other row of milling cutters is n +1, and n is an integer larger than zero.
Based on the technical scheme, the number of the arc-shaped milling and grinding blades in each row of milling cutters is at least one.
Based on above technical scheme, the interval is provided with the iron slag guiding gutter that a plurality of circumferences distributed on the outer profile surface of milling cutter dish, and the outer profile surface of milling cutter dish between a plurality of iron slag guiding gutters forms a plurality of spaced blade holders, two rows of milling cutters in the milling cutter group install on the blade holder in order.
Based on above technical scheme, in two blade holders adjacent wantonly, at least one blade holder is located the initiating terminal of milling cutter group and still is provided with the breach with this blade holder both sides scum guiding gutter intercommunication, and equal interval blade holder setting between two arbitrary adjacent breachs.
Based on the technical scheme, the milling cutter head taper shank further comprises an inserting shaft, the middle of the inserting shaft is provided with a positioning disc, the positioning disc is provided with at least one key groove, and the inserting shaft is also provided with at least one positioning block on one side of the positioning disc; the milling cutter head is characterized in that a matching groove matched with the positioning plate is formed in the middle shaft of the milling cutter head, an inserting hole inserted into the inserting shaft and a positioning groove positioned with the positioning block are formed in the matching groove, and the milling cutter head taper handle is fixed on the milling cutter head through a fixing piece.
Based on the technical scheme, the end of the inserting shaft, which is positioned at the other side of the positioning disc and provided with the positioning block, is also provided with a mounting hole.
Based on above technical scheme, every group milling cutter group is still including the enhancement blade that is used for milling the rail medial surface, strengthens the blade and sets up in any one row milling cutter in two rows of milling cutters, and square milling cutter piece, arc milling cutter piece and the enhancement blade sets up in order in this row milling cutter, and the enhancement blade in arbitrary two sets of adjacent milling cutter groups is one row of milling cutter at least at the interval.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the square milling and grinding blade and the arc milling and grinding blade are reasonably arranged, so that the square milling and grinding blade and the arc milling and grinding blade are respectively matched with the tread and the gauge angle of the steel rail for milling and grinding, the square milling and grinding blade and the arc milling and grinding blade are mutually staggered, and a first cutting edge line and a second cutting edge line which are formed are mutually continuous, so that a complete steel rail milling and grinding line is formed.
Based on the steel rail milling cutter, the invention also provides a milling cutter blade life simulation experiment device which comprises a mounting seat for connecting a steel rail, wherein the steel rail milling cutter for milling the steel rail is arranged above the mounting seat, and the steel rail milling cutter adopts the steel rail milling cutter adopting the technical scheme.
This milling cutter blade life simulation experiment equipment passes through the fixed rail of mount pad, mills through the rail milling cutter utensil that pastes and cover completely with rail tread, rail pitch angle and interior side to can not need to go the scene to rely on the rail that uses to carry out the experiment, milling cutter blade life-span experiment can be swift, practices thrift life-span simulation experiment time and flow, reduces the experiment cost.
Finally, the invention also provides a milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment method based on the milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment equipment, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the steel rail milling cutter on a milling machine, wherein during mounting, an insertion shaft of the steel rail milling cutter is connected with an output rotating shaft of the milling machine and is fixed through a key groove matched with a connecting key, and a mounting seat is fixed on a tool table of the milling machine;
the square milling and grinding blade, the arc milling and grinding blade and the reinforcing blade on the steel rail milling and grinding cutter are all blades made of the same or different materials and coatings;
s2, controlling the steel rail milling and grinding tool to rotate and mill and grind on the steel rail based on parameter simulation;
wherein, the parameter simulation comprises: simulating the milling speed of a milling cutter disc on site based on the rotating speed of the output rotating shaft of the control milling machine; simulating the advancing speed of the on-site milling and grinding vehicle based on the advancing speed of the milling machine tool table along the steel rail direction; simulating the field milling depth based on controlling the feeding of the milling machine tool table in the vertical direction each time;
s3 observing the surface state of the steel rail and the abrasion state of the cutting edge of each blade of the steel rail milling cutter, and judging the service life and corresponding service parameters of different materials and coating blades.
S4, the milling speed is increased, the milling simulation is completed in an accelerated way, the blade with the minimum abrasion is selected as the blade with the best material and coating proportion, and the service life simulation experiment of the milling blade is completed.
The milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment method utilizes a common milling machine (an output rotating shaft and a workbench) to drive the milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment equipment and a steel rail to carry out field experiment simulation, can adjust simulated milling and grinding parameters according to simulation requirements, is further suitable for blade simulation of different materials and coating proportions, can simulate different rotating speeds, tool table advancing speeds and vertical feeding conditions of each time according to the characteristics of different materials and coatings, and can obtain optimized service parameters according to the service life distances of blades at various parts in the milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment equipment, provides effective basis for field judgment of blade replacement time, and can judge the service life differences and the optimal service parameters of blades made of different materials and coatings through the material and coating changes selected by the blades, thereby improving the milling efficiency and the service life of the blades, the purpose of experiment is achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rail milling cutter;
FIG. 2 is a partial radial projection of the outer contour surface of the rail milling cutter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a steel rail;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a milling cutter set;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a milling cutter set;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the milling cutter set;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the assembly of the milling cutter head and the milling cutter head taper shank;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the construction of the milling cutter head taper shank from a first perspective;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a second view of the milling cutter head taper shank
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment device;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a milling cutter blade life simulation experiment method;
the reference numerals in the drawings denote:
10. a steel rail milling cutter;
101. a milling cutter disc; 1011. a first profile surface; 1012. a second profile surface; 1013. an iron slag diversion trench; 1014. a tool apron; 1015. a notch; 1016. a mating groove; 1017. inserting holes; 1018. positioning a groove;
102. milling a cutter set; 1021. milling cutters; 10211. a square milling and grinding blade; 10212. an arc milling and grinding blade; 10213. a first edge line; 10214. a second edge line; 10215. a reinforcing blade;
103. a milling cutter head taper shank; 1031. a plug shaft; 1032. positioning a plate; 1033. a keyway; 1034. positioning blocks; 1035. mounting holes;
20. a steel rail; 201. a tread; 202. a track pitch angle; 203. an inner side surface;
30. milling and grinding a steel rail;
40. milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment equipment; 401. a mounting seat; 402. a rail fixing screw; 403. a trapezoidal groove.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a rail milling cutter 10, which at least includes a milling cutter disc 101 and a plurality of milling cutter sets 102, wherein the milling cutter sets 102 are disposed on an outer contour surface of the milling cutter disc 101.
When this rail milling cutter 10 uses, milling cutter dish 101 accessible connecting piece is connected on drive arrangement to drive its rotation, drive arrangement can be common milling machine, grinding machine, drilling machine etc. and a plurality of groups of milling cutter group 102 then are connected in the milling cutter dish 101 outside for rotate under milling cutter dish 101 drives, mill the operation to tread 201 and the gauge angle 202 of rail 20, in order to be used for rail plastic, simulation experiment etc..
Specifically, the milling cutter disc 101 is mainly used for mounting the milling cutter group 102. The milling cutter disc 101 is generally disc-shaped or column-shaped, and rotates around its axis when in use, and the outer contour surface of the milling cutter disc 101 is the same shape when each part rotates to a fixed position during rotation, i.e., the milling cutter disc 101 is a solid of revolution as a whole or the outer contour surface is a surface of revolution.
In order to facilitate the installation of the milling cutter set 102 and control of the contact surface of the milling cutter disc 101 and the rail, the outer contour surface of the milling cutter disc 101 is composed of a first contour surface 1011 and a second contour surface 1012 which are continuous, the first contour surface 1011 is used for covering the tread 201 of the rail 20, and the second contour surface 1012 is used for covering the track pitch angle 202 of the rail 20, so that the tread 201 and the track pitch angle 202 of the rail 20 are completely covered, the milling cutter set 102 can be better attached to the rail 20, and the arrangement of the milling cutter set 102 is facilitated. Further, the projection of the contour line formed by the first contour surface 1011 and the second contour surface 1012 in the radial direction of the milling cutter head is a half U-shaped line matched with the tread 201 and the gauge angle 202 of the steel rail 20, that is, the projection includes a continuous straight line segment and an arc line segment, the radian and width of the straight line segment are the same as those of the surface and the cross section of the tread 201, and the arc line segment is the same as those of the gauge angle 202, so that the track of the milling cutter set 102 after installation can be better limited, and the installation difficulty of the milling cutter set 102 is reduced.
Continuing to refer to fig. 1, a plurality of circumferentially distributed iron slag diversion grooves 1013 are arranged on the outer contour surface of the milling cutter disc 101 at intervals, and the iron slag diversion grooves 1013 are used for discharging iron slag generated by milling of the milling cutter set 102 to the outside of the milling cutter disc 101. Specifically, the outer contour surfaces of the milling cutter disc 101 between the plurality of slag guiding grooves 1013 form a plurality of spaced cutter seats 1014, the outer contour surfaces of the slag guiding grooves 1013 and the cutter seats 1014 which are uniformly distributed at intervals are formed, and the plurality of milling cutter groups 102 are sequentially arranged on the cutter seats 1014 at intervals, so as to form a complete milling cutter structure. Further, the slag runner 1013 is disposed along the axial direction of the milling cutter 101. Further, the slag guiding gutter 1013, the tool apron 1014, and the milling cutter set 102 are uniformly distributed on the outer contour surface of the milling cutter disc 101, so as to form a regular and uniform milling cutter structure.
In order to further improve the slag discharging effect of the slag guiding grooves 1013, at least one of the tool holders 1014 located at the starting end of the milling cutter set 102 is further provided with a notch 1015 for communicating the slag guiding grooves 1013 on two sides of the tool holder 1014, and the two adjacent notches 1015 are spaced by one tool holder 1014. The gap 1015 communicates the two-side iron slag guiding grooves 1013, so that the iron slag can be conveniently guided to the two-side iron slag guiding grooves 1013 to be discharged, and the iron slag is prevented from being accumulated on the milling cutter set 102 to affect milling. Second, the gap 1015 may further facilitate the installation of the cutterhead set 102, which is left to be explained later.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the milling cutter sets 102 are provided with a plurality of sets, and the plurality of sets of milling cutter sets 102 are circumferentially distributed on the outer contour surface of the milling cutter disc 101 and are mainly used for milling the steel rail 20.
Specifically, the milling cutter set 102 includes two rows of milling cutters 1021, and each row of milling cutters 1021 includes a square milling blade 10211 and an arc milling blade 10212 which are sequentially arranged. The square milling blade 10211 is used to mill the tread 201 of the rail 20, and the curved milling blade 10212 is used to mill the pitch angle 202 of the rail 20.
Further, in combination with the above structure, the milling tools 1021 in the two rows of the milling tool set 102 can be sequentially mounted on the tool rest 1014. Further, a square milling insert 10211 is provided on the first profile surface 1011 and an arc milling insert 10212 is provided on the second profile surface 1012 so as to match the tread 201 and the gage angle 202, respectively.
As shown in fig. 6, when the square milling blades 10211 and the arc milling blades 10212 are specifically installed, in each milling cutter set 102, the square milling blades 10211 in each row of milling cutters 1021 are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc 101, and the square milling blades 10211 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the projections of the cutting edges of the square milling blades 10211 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 in the radial direction of the milling cutter disc 101 form a continuous first cutting edge line 10213, and the first cutting edge line 10213 can completely cover the tread 201 of the steel rail 20; the arc-shaped milling blades 10212 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc 101 and are staggered with each other, so that the projections of the cutting edges of the arc-shaped milling blades 10212 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 in the radial direction of the milling cutter disc 101 form a continuous second cutting edge line 10214, and the second cutting edge line 10214 can completely cover the gauge angle 202 of the steel rail 20; the first edge line 10213 and the second edge line 10214 are continuous with each other and can form a complete rail milling line 30.
Through the arrangement mode of the square milling blades 10211 and the arc milling blades 10212, the square milling blades 10211 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 are arranged in a staggered mode, and the arc milling blades 10212 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc 101 and are staggered, so that the two are respectively formed into a first continuous cutting edge line 10213 and a second continuous cutting edge line 10214 in the radial projection of the milling cutter disc 101, when the milling cutter disc 101 rotates, the first cutting edge line 10213 of the milling cutter set 102 and the tread 201 can form a milling combined cutting edge which is completely covered, complete tread 201 milling is realized, and similarly, when the milling cutter disc 101 rotates, the second cutting edge line 10214 forms a milling combined cutting edge which is completely covered with the track pitch angle 202, and complete track pitch angle 202 milling is realized.
It should be noted that the square milling blades 10211 are arranged in a staggered manner, which means that the square milling blades 10211 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc 101, and the square milling blades 10211 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 are staggered from each other in the axial direction, so that the projections of the square milling blades 10211 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 in the radial direction of the milling cutter disc 101 are not overlapped, and a continuous first cutting edge line 10213 is formed. The offset arrangement of the arcuate milling insert 10212 is similar and will not be discussed further herein.
Following the above structure, in the two-row milling cutter 1021, the square milling insert 10211 and the arc milling insert 10212 are specifically mounted as follows:
installation mode of square milling and grinding blade 10211: the square milling and grinding blades 10211 in each row of milling cutters 1021 are arranged at intervals, the number of the square milling and grinding blades 10211 in one row of milling cutters 1021 in each milling cutter set 102 is n, the number of the square milling and grinding blades 10211 in the other row of milling cutters 1021 is n +1, and n is an integer larger than zero. The square milling and grinding blades 10211 in one row of milling cutter 1021 are n +1 in number and are arranged at intervals, so that n gaps are formed between the n +1 square milling and grinding blades 10211, when the square milling and grinding blades 10211 are installed on the other row of milling cutter 1021, the n gaps can be corresponded, the square milling and grinding blades 10211 are arranged at each gap, n are arranged, the staggered installation of the square milling and grinding blades 10211 in the two rows of milling cutters 1021 can be well realized, and the installation difficulty and the flow of the square milling and grinding blades 10211 in each row are simplified. Specifically, n is 3, that is, in two rows of milling cutters 1021 in each milling cutter set 102, one row of milling cutters 1021 is provided with 3 square milling blades 10211, and the other row of milling cutters 1021 is provided with 4 square milling blades 10211 in a staggered manner.
It should be noted that, when the square milling and grinding blades 10211 are installed, if there is a structure of the notch 1015, the tool holder 1014 where the notch 1015 is located can be installed as the milling tools 1021 with the number less than 1, so that when the square milling and grinding blades 10211 are installed, the position of the notch 1015 can be used as the installation position of the first square milling and grinding blade 10211 of another row of milling tools, and used as a reference structure or position, thereby facilitating the positioning and installation of the square milling and grinding blades 10211 and improving the installation accuracy of the square milling and grinding blades 10211. Further, the width of the notch 1015 may be equal to the width of the first square milling and grinding blade 10211 of another milling cutter, and the radial projection of the first square milling and grinding blade 10211 is located at the same position as the notch 1015, so that the notch 1015 has a better reference effect.
With continued reference to fig. 4 and 5, each milling cutter set 102 further includes a reinforcing blade 10213 for milling the inner side surface 203 of the rail 20, the reinforcing blade 10213 is disposed in any one row of milling cutters 1021 in two rows of milling cutters 1021, and the square milling blade 10211, the arc milling blade 10212 and the reinforcing blade 10213 in the row of milling cutters 1021 are sequentially disposed, and the reinforcing blades 10213 in any two adjacent milling cutter sets 102 are at least separated by one row of milling cutters 1021.
The reinforcing insert 10213 is used to mill the inner side 203 of the rail 20 to solve the problems of unevenness, deformation, fat edge, etc. of the inner side 203. Specifically, the reinforcing blade 10213 is preferably disposed at the rear end of the arc milling blade 10212, and the square milling blade 10211, the arc milling blade 10212 and the reinforcing blade 10213 can form a complete milling blade set to completely cover the tread 201, the track pitch angle 202 and the inner side surface 203 of the rail 20, that is, the inner side surface 203 is mounted on the second contour surface 1012, and the radial projection of the milling cutter 101 is continuous with the second cutting edge line, so that the steel rail milling line and the rail milling line can form a full-coverage steel rail milling line covering the tread 201, the track pitch angle 202 and the inner side surface 203 of the rail 20.
It should be noted that, in combination with the above structure, the square milling and grinding blade 10211 is mainly used for milling and grinding the tread 201, the cutting edge of the square milling and grinding blade 10211 is linear, the whole body is of a square structure, the cutting edge of the square milling and grinding blade 10211 is attached to the surface of the tread 201 after being installed, and when the milling and grinding tool is specifically used, the milling and grinding tool can be used by using the structure of the existing tread milling cutter; similarly, the arc milling and grinding blade 10212 is a milling cutter structure with an arc-shaped cutting edge, and the cutting edge is attached to the surface of the gauge angle 202 after installation, and when in specific use, the arc-shaped milling and grinding blade can be used by using the structure of the existing gauge angle milling cutter; finally, the edge of the reinforcing insert 10213 is also linear, and the edge thereof is attached to the surface of the inner side 203 after installation, and can be used in the structure of the existing fat edge milling cutter in specific applications.
Further, when the milling cutter head 101 is installed, corresponding blade grooves may be pre-arranged on the milling cutter head, the square milling blade 10211, the arc milling blade 10212 and the reinforcing blade 10213 are respectively installed corresponding to the blade grooves, so as to simplify the installation process, and corresponding thread fixing holes may be arranged in the blade grooves, corresponding countersunk holes or threaded holes are arranged in the middle portions of the square milling blade 10211, the arc milling blade 10212 and the reinforcing blade 10213, and the square milling blade 10211, the arc milling blade 10212 and the reinforcing blade 10213 are directly fixed in the thread fixing holes by bolts during installation, so as to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of each blade.
As shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, in order to facilitate installation of the milling cutter disc 101, the rail milling cutter 10 further includes a milling cutter disc taper handle 103, the milling cutter disc taper handle 103 includes an insertion shaft 1031, a positioning disc 1032 is disposed in the middle of the insertion shaft 1031, at least one key slot 1033 is disposed on the positioning disc 1032, and at least one positioning block 1034 is further disposed on one side of the insertion shaft 1031, which is located on the positioning disc 1032; the milling cutter head 101 is provided with a matching groove 1016 matched with the positioning plate 1032 at the middle shaft position, the matching groove 1016 is internally provided with an insertion hole 1017 inserted with the insertion shaft 1031 and a positioning groove 1018 positioned with the positioning block 1034, and the milling cutter head taper shank is fixed on the milling cutter head through a fixing piece.
The milling cutter head taper shank 103 is mainly used for connecting the milling cutter head 101, so that the milling cutter head 101 is connected with other milling equipment. During specific use, the positioning disc 1032 of the milling cutter disc taper shank 103 is paired in the pairing groove 1016, the inserting shaft 1031 is inserted into the inserting hole 1017, the positioning block 1034 is positioned in the positioning groove 1018, the whole milling cutter disc taper shank 103 is paired with the milling cutter disc 101 after the completion, finally, the installation of the milling cutter disc taper shank 103 and the milling cutter disc 101 is completed through fixing of the fixing piece, after the installation is completed, one end, far away from the positioning block 1034, of the inserting shaft 1031 is used for being inserted into other milling equipment, the whole milling cutter disc taper shank 103 is clamped on the milling equipment through the matching of the key groove 1033 and the connecting key after the insertion, and therefore the milling cutter disc 101 is driven to rotate through the milling equipment.
Specifically, the fixing member is a fixing bolt, a through hole is formed in the positioning plate 1032, a fixing threaded hole is formed in the mating groove 1016, and the fixing member penetrates through the through hole and is in threaded fit with the fixing threaded hole, so that the milling cutter head taper shank 103 and the milling cutter head 101 are fixedly connected into a whole.
In order to further facilitate the insertion of the insertion shaft 1031 with other milling and grinding equipment, a mounting hole 1035 is further provided at an end of the insertion shaft 1031 away from the positioning block 1034, and the mounting hole 1035 can be inserted in a matching manner with a corresponding positioning shaft of other milling and grinding equipment to realize positioning insertion.
As shown in fig. 10, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a milling cutter blade life simulation experiment apparatus 40, which includes a mounting seat 401 for connecting a steel rail 20, and a steel rail milling cutter 10 according to the first embodiment for milling the steel rail 20 is disposed above the mounting seat 401.
The milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment equipment 40 of this embodiment, it is fixed with rail 20 to utilize mount pad 401, rail milling and grinding cutter 10 is used for milling and grinding rail 20 along rail 20 length direction, can be through the rail 20 surface milling and grinding condition or the rail milling and grinding cutter 10 on the wearing and tearing condition of each blade, judge the milling and grinding length and the life of each blade, and then utilize milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment equipment 40 can reach milling and grinding blade life experiment purpose, need not to go the field experiment, practice thrift life-span simulation experiment time and flow, reduce the experiment cost.
Specifically, the installation seat 401 is provided with a trapezoidal groove 403, the steel rail 20 is placed in the trapezoidal groove 403, a plurality of vertical threaded holes are further formed in the transverse wall on one side of the opening of the trapezoidal groove 403 at intervals, and the steel rail 20 is fixed by the steel rail fixing screws 402 in threaded fit with the threaded holes, so that the steel rail 20 can be conveniently assembled and disassembled.
The milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment device 40 can be used with other milling and grinding devices such as a milling machine with reference to the description of the steel rail milling and grinding tool 10 when in specific use.
Therefore, in order to better realize the milling cutter blade life simulation experiment device 40, as shown in fig. 11, the third embodiment of the present invention further provides a milling cutter blade life simulation experiment method 50, which includes the following steps:
501, installing a steel rail milling and grinding tool 10 on a milling machine, wherein a plug-in shaft 1031 of the steel rail milling and grinding tool 10 is connected with an output rotating shaft of the milling machine and is fixed through a key groove 1033 and a connecting key, and an installation seat 401 is fixed on a tool table of the milling machine;
wherein, the square milling and grinding blade 10211, the arc milling and grinding blade 10212 and the reinforcing blade 10213 on the steel rail milling and grinding cutter 10 are all made of the same or different materials and coated blades; when the plurality of square milling and grinding blades 10211 are provided, the plurality of square milling and grinding blades 10211 may be provided with blades of the same or different materials and coatings, so that the blades of the plurality of materials and coatings can be tested at one time.
502, controlling the steel rail milling cutter 10 to rotate and mill on the steel rail 20 based on parameter simulation;
wherein, the parameter simulation comprises: simulating the milling speed of a milling cutter disc on site based on the rotating speed of the output rotating shaft of the control milling machine; simulating the advancing speed of the on-site milling and grinding vehicle based on the advancing speed of the milling machine tool table along the direction of the steel rail 20; simulating the field milling depth based on controlling the feeding of the milling machine tool table in the vertical direction each time;
when the specific parameters are simulated, the following data can be adopted for each parameter: the milling speed of the on-site milling and grinding vehicle is 1.5-2.5 Km/h, the diameter of the milling cutter disc is 200mm, the rotating speed of the milling cutter disc can be calculated to be 15.7-26.2 r/min, and the milling speed of the on-site milling cutter disc is simulated; the advancing speed of the tool table along the steel rail direction is controlled to be 170-240 m/min, the advancing condition of the milling and grinding machine is simulated, and the milling depth is simulated to be 0.5-0.8 mm by controlling the feeding of the tool table in the vertical direction every time.
503 observing the surface state of the steel rail 20 and the edge wear state of each blade of the steel rail milling and grinding tool 10, and judging the service life and corresponding use parameters of different materials and coated blades.
In this step, the surface state of the steel rail is mainly observed by observing the surface roughness of the milled and ground steel rail, the surface roughness can be manually observed by eye observation and hand touch, and can also be detected by instruments such as a surface roughness measuring instrument, and the abrasion state of the cutting edge of each blade can be detected by milling the steel rail milling and grinding cutter 10 for a certain length, stopping the steel rail milling and grinding cutter 10 to observe the abrasion condition of each blade thereon, or taking down each blade thereon and detecting the abrasion thickness by using thickness detection equipment.
And 504, increasing the milling speed, accelerating the milling and grinding simulation, selecting the blade with the minimum abrasion as the blade with the best material and coating ratio, and completing the life simulation experiment of the milling and grinding blade. The milling and grinding simulation is completed in the step, the service life of each material and coating proportioning blade is obtained, and the blade with the minimum abrasion can be directly selected as the optimal material and coating proportioning blade according to the blade mode condition, so that the method can be further used for selecting the optimal material and coating proportioning blade.
The milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment method 50 can drive the milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment equipment 40 and the steel rail 20 to carry out field experiment simulation by utilizing a common milling machine (an output rotating shaft and a workbench), can adjust simulated milling and grinding parameters according to simulation requirements, is further suitable for blade simulation of different materials and coating proportions, can simulate different rotating speeds, tool table advancing speeds and vertical feeding conditions each time according to the characteristics of different materials and coatings, and can obtain optimized service parameters according to the service life distances of blades at various parts in the milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment equipment 40, provides effective basis for field judgment of blade replacement time, and can judge the service life differences and the optimal service parameters of blades made of different materials and coated through the change of the materials and the coatings selected by the blades, thereby improving the milling efficiency and the service life of the blades, the purpose of experiment is achieved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A steel rail milling cutter is characterized by comprising a milling cutter disc;
the outer contour surface of the milling cutter disc is provided with a plurality of groups of milling cutter groups, each group of milling cutter groups is provided with two rows of milling cutters, and each row of milling cutters comprises a square milling cutter blade and an arc milling cutter blade which are sequentially arranged;
wherein,
the square milling and grinding blades in each row of milling cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc, and the square milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the projections of the cutting edges of the square milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters in the radial direction of the milling cutter disc form a continuous first cutting edge line, and the first cutting edge line can completely cover the tread of the steel rail;
the arc milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the milling cutter disc and are staggered with each other, so that the projections of the cutting edges of the arc milling and grinding blades in the two rows of milling cutters in the radial direction of the milling cutter disc form a continuous second cutting edge line, and the second cutting edge line can completely cover the gauge angle of the steel rail;
and the first cutting edge line and the second cutting edge line are mutually and continuously formed into a steel rail milling and grinding line.
2. The rail milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the outer contoured surface of the milling cutter head is comprised of a continuous first contoured surface for covering the tread of the rail and a second contoured surface for covering the gage angle of the rail;
the square milling and grinding blade is arranged on the first contour surface, and the arc milling and grinding blade is arranged on the second contour surface.
3. A rail milling and grinding tool as claimed in claim 1 wherein a plurality of square milling and grinding blades are provided at intervals in each row of milling cutters, and the number of square milling and grinding blades in one row of milling cutters in each milling and grinding set is n, and the number of square milling and grinding blades in the other row of milling cutters is n +1, where n is an integer greater than zero.
4. A rail milling cutter according to claim 1 wherein the number of arcuate milling inserts in each row of cutters is at least one.
5. A rail milling and grinding tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer contour of the milling cutter head is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed slag chutes at intervals, the outer contour of the milling cutter head between the slag chutes forms a plurality of spaced cutter seats, and the two rows of milling cutters in the milling cutter group are sequentially mounted on the cutter seats.
6. A rail milling and grinding tool as claimed in claim 5, wherein at least one of the two adjacent tool blocks is provided with a notch at the start end of the milling cutter set for communicating the slag chutes on the two sides of the tool block, and the two adjacent notches are separated by one tool block.
7. The steel rail milling and grinding tool according to claim 1, further comprising a milling cutter head taper shank, wherein the milling cutter head taper shank comprises an insertion shaft, a positioning disc is arranged in the middle of the insertion shaft, at least one key groove is formed in the positioning disc, and at least one positioning block is further arranged on one side, located on the positioning disc, of the insertion shaft;
a matching groove matched with the positioning disc is formed in the middle shaft position of the milling cutter disc, and an inserting hole inserted with the inserting shaft and a positioning groove positioned with the positioning block are formed in the matching groove;
the milling cutter head taper shank is fixed on the milling cutter head through a fixing piece.
8. The rail milling and grinding tool of claim 7 wherein the insertion shaft further defines a mounting hole at an end of the positioning plate at the other end thereof.
9. A rail milling and grinding tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein each set of milling and grinding tools further includes reinforcing blades for milling and grinding the inner side of the rail, the reinforcing blades are provided in either one of the two rows of milling tools, and in the row of milling tools, the square milling blades, the arc milling blades and the reinforcing blades are provided in sequence, and the reinforcing blades in any two adjacent sets of milling and grinding tools are spaced apart by at least one row of milling tools.
10. A milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising a mounting seat used for connecting a steel rail, wherein a steel rail milling and grinding cutter used for milling and grinding the steel rail is arranged above the mounting seat, and the steel rail milling and grinding cutter adopts the steel rail milling and grinding cutter as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. A milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mounting the steel rail milling cutter on a milling machine, wherein during mounting, an insertion shaft of the steel rail milling cutter is connected with an output rotating shaft of the milling machine and is fixed through a key groove matched with a connecting key, and a mounting seat is fixed on a tool table of the milling machine;
the square milling and grinding blade, the arc milling and grinding blade and the reinforcing blade on the steel rail milling and grinding cutter are all blades made of the same or different materials and coatings;
s2, controlling the steel rail milling and grinding tool to rotate and mill and grind on the steel rail based on parameter simulation;
wherein, the parameter simulation comprises: simulating the milling speed of a milling cutter disc on site based on the rotating speed of the output rotating shaft of the control milling machine; simulating the advancing speed of the on-site milling and grinding vehicle based on the advancing speed of the milling machine tool table along the steel rail direction; simulating the field milling depth based on controlling the feeding of the milling machine tool table in the vertical direction each time;
s3 observing the surface state of the steel rail and the abrasion state of the cutting edge of each blade of the steel rail milling cutter, and judging the service life and corresponding service parameters of different materials and coating blades.
S4, the milling speed is increased, the milling simulation is completed in an accelerated way, the blade with the minimum abrasion is selected as the blade with the best material and coating proportion, and the service life simulation experiment of the milling blade is completed.
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| CN202110858589.9A CN113399725A (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2021-07-28 | Steel rail milling and grinding cutter, milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment device and experiment method |
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| CN202110858589.9A CN113399725A (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2021-07-28 | Steel rail milling and grinding cutter, milling and grinding blade life simulation experiment device and experiment method |
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| CN113399725A true CN113399725A (en) | 2021-09-17 |
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Cited By (1)
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