CN113399641B - High-density die-casting forming method of aluminum alloy die casting - Google Patents
High-density die-casting forming method of aluminum alloy die casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113399641B CN113399641B CN202110664254.3A CN202110664254A CN113399641B CN 113399641 B CN113399641 B CN 113399641B CN 202110664254 A CN202110664254 A CN 202110664254A CN 113399641 B CN113399641 B CN 113399641B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
- B22D17/2069—Exerting after-pressure on the moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
- B22D17/2272—Sprue channels
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-density die-casting forming method of an aluminum alloy die casting, which comprises the following steps: melting and heating an aluminum alloy metal raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, adding a solid metal modifier into the aluminum alloy liquid, and stirring the mixture; arranging a sprue on the die-casting die, preheating the die-casting die, and spraying a layer of release agent on the inner surface of a cavity of the die-casting die; pouring the aluminum alloy liquid into a pouring gate of a die-casting die, forming ultra-low-speed die-casting on the aluminum alloy liquid by using an injection punch, and finally injecting the aluminum alloy liquid into a cavity of the die-casting die, so as to die-cast the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy die-casting part; and opening the die-casting die, carrying out spray cooling on the cavity by using cooling water by using spray equipment, and then taking out the aluminum alloy die-casting piece from the cavity to complete die-casting forming of the aluminum alloy die-casting piece. The porosity of the aluminum alloy die casting prepared by the method is less than 0.5%, the gas content is 0.5-1/100g, and the dimensional accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting, in particular to a high-density die-casting forming method of an aluminum alloy die casting.
Background
For casting of aluminum alloy die castings, the conventional high-pressure casting process mainly comprises 3 stages of low-speed injection, high-speed injection and pressurization. As the die cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy liquid at high speed and high pressure during die casting, the aluminum alloy liquid is inevitably wrapped with gas in the die cavity, so that the defect of air holes is formed, and the density of the casting is reduced. And because of the existence of casting pores, the mechanical property of the casting cannot be improved by means of T6 and T7 heat treatment, so that the traditional die casting is difficult to meet the requirement of high strength and high toughness on the mechanical property. In order to solve the problems, a novel ultra-low-speed die casting process draws attention, the method enables molten metal to flow in a laminar flow mode and pass through a casting inner pouring gate at an ultra-low speed, further enables the molten aluminum alloy not to wrap gas in a cavity, and solves the problem of thick-wall shrinkage cavity of the casting through local pressurization, so that the casting achieves higher density. Although the ultra-low speed die casting technology can meet the special requirements of low porosity and high strength and toughness of thick-wall aluminum alloy parts, in the actual production, the defects of cold shut, flow marks, undercasting and the like are easily caused due to the reduction of the injection speed, the problems of high porosity and high gas content are still caused, the defect that the dimensional precision is difficult to improve is also caused, and the corresponding adjustment and improvement of the process are needed. Therefore, the invention aims at aluminum alloy castings and researches and improves the ultra-low speed die-casting forming method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-density die-casting forming method of an aluminum alloy die-casting piece, which can solve the problems of low porosity and low gas content of the aluminum alloy die-casting piece formed by ultra-low-speed die-casting.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a high-density die-casting forming method of an aluminum alloy die casting comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding aluminum alloy metal raw materials into the preheated smelting furnace to melt and heat the aluminum alloy metal raw materials to obtain aluminum alloy liquid,
transferring the obtained aluminum alloy liquid into a heat preservation furnace, adding a solid metal modifier into the aluminum alloy liquid, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid and the metal modifier together;
step 2: arranging a sprue on the die-casting die, preheating the die-casting die, and spraying a layer of release agent on the inner surface of a cavity of the die-casting die;
and step 3: pouring the aluminum alloy liquid in the heat preservation furnace into a pouring gate of a die-casting die, forming ultra-low speed die-casting by adopting an injection punch, and finally injecting the aluminum alloy liquid into a cavity of the die-casting die, wherein the casting pressure of the ultra-low speed die-casting is 60-110Mpa, the die-casting speed is 0.05-0.3m/s, and the pressurizing time is 2-8s, so that an aluminum alloy die-casting piece is obtained by die-casting the aluminum alloy liquid;
and 4, step 4: and opening the die-casting die, carrying out spray cooling on the cavity by using cooling water by using spray equipment, and then taking out the aluminum alloy die-casting piece from the cavity to complete die-casting forming of the aluminum alloy die-casting piece.
Further, in the step 1, the temperature of the smelting furnace is preheated to 740-745 ℃.
Further, in the step 1, the aluminum alloy metal raw material is melted and heated to 680-685 ℃.
Further, the depth of the inlet gate is more than 5mm, and the diameter of the inlet gate is more than 3 mm.
Further, still be provided with the extrusion portion on die casting die, the extrusion portion is kept away from into runner and is greater than 40mm, and the extrusion portion is used for flowing through to the aluminium alloy liquid in the die casting die cavity from advancing the runner and extrudees to alleviate the velocity of flow of aluminium alloy liquid.
Furthermore, a plurality of extruding parts are arranged at different distances of the die-casting die far away from the sprue.
Further, in the step 2, the die-casting mold is preheated to 131-.
Further, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the gate to the cross-sectional area of the shot punch is 1: 2-8.
Further, after the step 3 and before the step 4, the method further comprises the following steps:
after the pressurization time is over, the extrusion rod is inserted into a cavity of the die-casting die for 1-6 seconds in a delayed mode so as to extrude the aluminum alloy die-casting piece in the cavity, and the extrusion rod is extracted from the die-casting die after continuous extrusion for 1-5 seconds.
Further, in the step 4, the spray cooling duration is 4-7 s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention solves the defect problems of air holes, shrinkage cavities and the like which are often easy to appear in the thick-wall aluminum alloy die casting, thereby improving the density of the aluminum alloy die casting, meeting the requirements of T6 and T7 heat treatment and enabling the aluminum alloy die casting to reach the use requirements. In the embodiment, an inlet gate of a die-casting die is designed, and an auxiliary process of local extrusion is added, so that an automobile aluminum alloy support is die-cast, the minimum thickness of the automobile aluminum alloy support is 8mm, ADC12 is selected as a die-casting aluminum alloy material, the casting temperature is preferably 685 ℃, and an extrusion rod is installed at the thick wall position at the top end of the die-casting die. The analysis of the die-cast aluminum alloy die casting shows that the obtained aluminum alloy die casting has the porosity of less than 0.5 percent, the gas content of 0.5-1/100g, excellent appearance quality and high dimensional precision, and completely meets the use requirements of automobile parts.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
A high-density die-casting forming method of an aluminum alloy die casting comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding aluminum alloy metal raw materials into a smelting furnace preheated to 740-745 ℃ to melt the aluminum alloy metal raw materials and heated to 680-685 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy liquid. The temperature rise is accomplished simultaneously with the melting.
Then, the obtained aluminum alloy liquid is transferred to a holding furnace, and a solid metal modifier is added to the aluminum alloy liquid, and then the aluminum alloy liquid and the metal modifier are stirred together. The heat preservation furnace can be rotated by adopting a rotating mechanism, so that the aluminum alloy liquid and the metal alterant in the heat preservation furnace are stirred. The holding furnace plays a role in holding the aluminum alloy liquid.
Step 2: the die casting die is provided with a sprue, the depth of the sprue is more than 5mm, the diameter of the sprue is more than 3mm, namely the length of a channel of aluminum alloy liquid passing through the sprue is more than 5mm, and the width of the aluminum alloy liquid passing through the sprue is more than 3 mm. And an extrusion part is arranged on the pressing die far away from the inlet gate, the distance between the extrusion part and the inlet gate is more than 40mm, and the extrusion part is used for extruding the aluminum alloy liquid flowing into the die cavity of the die casting die from the inlet gate so as to relieve the flow rate of the aluminum alloy liquid and form ultra-low-speed injection.
Preferably, the pressing portion may be provided in plural, for example, one pressing portion at positions 50mm, 80mm and 120mm away from the inlet gate, respectively, so that the partial pressing is formed at the corresponding place.
Preheating the die-casting die to 131-220 ℃, and spraying a layer of release agent on the inner surface of the cavity of the die-casting die.
And step 3: pouring the aluminum alloy liquid in the heat preservation furnace into a pouring gate of the die casting die through a material spoon, enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to pass through a conveying device in the die casting die, forming ultra-low-speed die casting by adopting an injection punch, and finally injecting the aluminum alloy liquid into a cavity of the die casting die. The casting pressure of the ultra-low speed die casting is 60-110Mpa, the die casting speed is 0.05-0.3m/s (meter/second), and the pressurizing time is 2-8s (second), so that the aluminum alloy liquid is die-cast to obtain the aluminum alloy die casting.
Wherein the ratio of the cross section area of the inlet gate to the cross section area of an injection punch for forming ultra-low speed die casting in the die casting die is 1: 2-8.
And 4, step 4: after the pressurization time is over, the extrusion rod is inserted into a cavity of the die-casting die for 1-6 seconds in a delayed mode so as to extrude the aluminum alloy die-casting piece in the cavity, and the extrusion rod is extracted from the die-casting die after continuous extrusion for 1-5 seconds. Wherein, the pressure of an extrusion oil path connected with the extrusion rod is 10-30 MPa.
Preferably, the diameter of the extrusion stem is 10-16 mm.
And 5: the orientation and angle of the spray device is adjusted so that the spray of the spray device can cover the entire cavity of the die casting mold. And opening the die-casting die, carrying out spray cooling on the cavity by using cooling water by using spray equipment for 4-7s, and taking out the aluminum alloy die-casting piece from the cavity to complete die-casting forming of the aluminum alloy die-casting piece.
Through treatment, the defects of air holes, shrinkage cavities and the like which are often easy to occur in the thick-wall aluminum alloy die casting can be overcome, so that the density of the aluminum alloy die casting is improved, the requirements of T6 and T7 heat treatment are met, and the aluminum alloy die casting meets the use requirements. In the embodiment, an inlet gate of a die-casting die is designed, and an auxiliary process of local extrusion is added, so that an automobile aluminum alloy support is die-cast, the minimum thickness of the automobile aluminum alloy support is 8mm, ADC12 is selected as a die-casting aluminum alloy material, the casting temperature is preferably 685 ℃, and an extrusion rod is installed at the thick wall position at the top end of the die-casting die. The analysis of the die-cast aluminum alloy die casting shows that the obtained aluminum alloy die casting has the porosity of less than 0.5 percent, the gas content of 0.5-1/100g, excellent appearance quality and high dimensional precision, and completely meets the use requirements of automobile parts.
The embodiments disclosed in this description are only an exemplification of the single-sided characteristics of the invention, and the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any other functionally equivalent embodiments fall within the scope of protection of the invention. Various other changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments and concepts will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A high-density die-casting forming method of an aluminum alloy die casting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: adding aluminum alloy metal raw materials into the preheated smelting furnace to melt and heat the aluminum alloy metal raw materials to obtain aluminum alloy liquid,
transferring the obtained aluminum alloy liquid into a heat preservation furnace, adding a solid metal modifier into the aluminum alloy liquid, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid and the metal modifier together;
step 2: arranging a sprue on a die-casting die, preheating the die-casting die, uniformly spraying a layer of release agent on the inner surface of a cavity of the die-casting die, wherein the depth of the sprue is more than 5mm, the diameter of the sprue is more than 3mm,
the die-casting die is further provided with an extrusion part, the extrusion part is far away from the sprue, the distance between the extrusion part and the sprue is more than 40mm, and the extrusion part is used for extruding the aluminum alloy liquid flowing into a cavity of the die-casting die from the sprue so as to relieve the flow rate of the aluminum alloy liquid;
and step 3: pouring the aluminum alloy liquid in the heat preservation furnace into a pouring gate of a die-casting die, forming ultra-low speed die-casting by adopting an injection punch, and finally injecting the aluminum alloy liquid into a cavity of the die-casting die, wherein the casting pressure of the ultra-low speed die-casting is 60-110Mpa, the die-casting speed is 0.05-0.3m/s, and the pressurizing time is 2-8s, so that an aluminum alloy die-casting piece is obtained by die-casting the aluminum alloy liquid;
and 4, step 4: opening the die-casting die, carrying out spray cooling on the die cavity by using cooling water by using spray equipment, then taking out the aluminum alloy die-casting piece from the die cavity to complete die-casting forming of the aluminum alloy die-casting piece,
after step 3 and before step 4, the method further comprises the following steps:
after the pressurization time is over, the extrusion rod is inserted into a cavity of the die-casting die for 1-6 seconds in a delayed mode so as to extrude the aluminum alloy die-casting piece in the cavity, and the extrusion rod is extracted from the die-casting die after continuous extrusion for 1-5 seconds.
2. The high-density die-casting forming method of the aluminum alloy die casting piece as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the temperature of the smelting furnace is preheated to 740 ℃ and 745 ℃.
3. The high-density die-casting forming method of the aluminum alloy die casting piece as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the aluminum alloy metal raw material is melted and heated to 680-685 ℃.
4. The high-density die-casting forming method of an aluminum alloy die casting according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the pressing portions are provided at different distances from a die-casting die away from the gate.
5. The high-density die-casting forming method of the aluminum alloy die casting piece as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the die-casting mold is preheated to 220 ℃ at 131 ℃.
6. A high density die casting method of an aluminum alloy die casting according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet gate to the cross-sectional area of the injection punch is 1: 2-8.
7. The high-density die-casting forming method of the aluminum alloy die casting piece according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the spray cooling duration is 4-7 s.
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| CN114012059A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-08 | 润星泰(常州)技术有限公司 | Ultra-low speed extrusion die-casting production method and aluminum alloy die-casting part |
| CN114713786A (en) * | 2022-02-20 | 2022-07-08 | 美诺精密汽车零部件(南通)有限公司 | Aluminum alloy die-casting process for improving yield |
| CN115213369A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-21 | 东风(十堰)有色铸件有限公司 | Die-casting forming method for solving forming stability of die-casting |
| CN115386770A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-25 | 天津中祥电气有限公司 | Ultralow-speed die casting method and equipment for nano aluminum alloy hardware |
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