CN113398884A - Floating adsorbent and its proportioning metering method - Google Patents

Floating adsorbent and its proportioning metering method Download PDF

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CN113398884A
CN113398884A CN202110673063.3A CN202110673063A CN113398884A CN 113398884 A CN113398884 A CN 113398884A CN 202110673063 A CN202110673063 A CN 202110673063A CN 113398884 A CN113398884 A CN 113398884A
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water
clay
adsorbent
floating
density
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CN113398884B (en
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张素娥
杨生茂
汪玉瑛
节海涛
涂攸静
涂韬诲
涂创
涂志龙
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Suichang Gaojingjie Purification Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4806—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of inorganic character
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The floating adsorbent is prepared with porous adsorbing material, floating body and clay in certain proportion and through special technological process. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the prepared floating adsorbent is prepared by accurately measuring the distribution ratio of each component and adopting a special process, aims to carry out low-cost industrialized mass production, and is mainly characterized by light specific gravity, not only being capable of floating in water, but also having adsorbability, not only being capable of adsorbing organic pollutants, heavy metal pollutants and the like, and treating pollutants in soil and water quality, but also being capable of floating on the water surface by virtue of the buoyancy of water, realizing the separation of pollutants in the environment, being convenient for the recovery and reutilization of the floating adsorbent, being widely applied to the fields of soil pollution treatment, water quality purification and the like, and creating conditions for the separation of pollutants and the recovery of the adsorbent.

Description

Floating adsorbent and its proportioning metering method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a floating adsorbent and a proportioning and metering method thereof.
Background
Currently, soil pollution includes inorganic pollution, organic pollution and harmful microbial pollution, such as heavy metal pollution, pesticide residue and harmful organic pollution. Some of them are from nature and some are from human production and life. In the growth process of plants, the plants can be more or less migrated into food to cause harm to human beings, and in recent years, porous materials (biomass charcoal, zeolite and the like) are added into soil for adsorption, which is a good method, but the porous materials are left in the soil, and adsorbed pollutants are easy to desorb to re-pollute the soil; meanwhile, the porous material has the problems of pore channel blockage and adsorption saturation; in addition, there is a certain competition between the absorption of the plant to the pollutants and the adsorption of the porous material to the pollutants, so the treatment method can not effectively solve the problem.
Similarly, for purifying water quality, such as water quality of riverways, lakes, waterworks and ponds, sewage pools, swimming pools, ponds and the like, porous materials (biomass carbon, zeolite and the like) are generally adopted for adsorption so as to achieve the purpose of purifying water quality, and similar problems also exist.
Therefore, there is a need in the market for purification materials that can address these problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The prepared floating adsorbent can float in water and has adsorbability, can adsorb organic pollutants, heavy metal pollutants and the like, treats the pollutants on soil, can float out of the water to facilitate the separation of the pollutants, and facilitates the recycling of the floating adsorbent.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: the floating adsorbent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the proportioning and metering method of the porous adsorption material, the floating body and the clay comprises the following steps:
wherein, the density of the porous adsorption material is Px, and the proportion of the porous adsorption material is X;
the floating body has the density of Py and accounts for Y;
clay with a density of Pn and a proportion of N;
a is the density measured after the test production of the floating adsorbent;
the calculation formula is as follows: x + Y + N ═ 1;
X×Px+Y×Py+N×Pn＝1/a；
the method for measuring the density of each component comprises the following steps:
phi and Px: removing pure density of permeable pores, taking 500g of porous adsorption material, drying for later use, weighing 100g of dried porous adsorption material, putting the porous adsorption material into water for oscillation or pressurization to fully and saturated absorb water, taking out and weighing c, wherein the unit is g, and putting the porous adsorption material into a water containing measuring cup to measure the water containing volume b of 100g, and the unit is cm3；
Px＝100/[b-(c-100)]100/(b-c +100) units g/cm3Performing parallel test for three times, and taking an average value;
secondly, Py, the method is the same as Px, the parallel test is carried out for three times, and the average value is taken;
thirdly, Pn, 500g of clay with the particle size of less than 300 meshes is dried for later use, 100g of dried clay is weighed and put into a measuring cup to measure the volume e of 100g, and the unit is cm3；
Pn 100/e, monoThe position is g/cm3Performing parallel test for three times, and taking an average value;
determining the density of each component, determining the proportion of each component, wherein N is 0.1-0.3, obtaining the numerical value of N according to the quality of clay, calculating X and Y, and determining the proportion of the porous adsorption material, the floating body and the clay.
The porous adsorption material adopts fine particles or powder with the particle size of less than 3mm, and porous carbon or molecular sieve is selected.
The floating body is made of inorganic materials which are 1-5 mm particles, can resist high temperature of more than 1050 ℃ and are lighter than water, and pumice, porcelain granules or porous porcelain granules are selected.
The clay is selected from 100 mesh or attapulgite or pottery clay.
The preparation process of the floating adsorbent comprises the following steps:
firstly, batching according to the formula components and the proportioning and metering method;
secondly, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the water accounts for 5-50%;
thirdly, granulating by using a granulator or an extruder, wherein the particle size is 3-20 mm, and forming a spherical or columnar particle blank body;
fourthly, drying by natural air or a drying room and a drying line;
fifthly, firing at high temperature in an oxygen-isolated way, wherein the firing temperature is 450-1050 ℃, the sintered clay has set strength and keeps high water absorption, namely the water absorption rate is more than 10%, and the clay has no vitrification crystallization;
and sixthly, putting the water into the water for screening, removing sunken defective products, and taking floating adsorbents floating on the water surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the floating adsorbent and the proportioning and metering method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the prepared floating adsorbent is prepared by accurately metering the proportioning and special processes of all components, and aims to realize low-cost industrial mass production. Can be widely applied to the fields of soil pollution treatment, water quality purification and the like, and creates conditions for the separation of pollutants and the recovery of adsorbents.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the use state of the floating adsorbent prepared in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below:
the floating adsorbent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the proportioning and metering method of the porous adsorption material, the floating body and the clay comprises the following steps:
wherein, the density of the porous adsorption material is Px, and the proportion of the porous adsorption material is X;
the floating body has the density of Py and accounts for Y;
clay with a density of Pn and a proportion of N;
a is the density measured after the test production of the floating adsorbent;
the calculation formula is as follows: x + Y + N ═ 1;
X×Px+Y×Py+N×Pn＝1/a；
the method for measuring the density of each component comprises the following steps:
phi and Px: removing pure density of permeable pores, taking 500g of porous adsorption material, drying for later use, weighing 100g of dried porous adsorption material, putting the porous adsorption material into water for oscillation or pressurization to fully and saturated absorb water, taking out and weighing c, wherein the unit is g, and putting the porous adsorption material into a water containing measuring cup to measure the water containing volume b of 100g, and the unit is cm3；
Px＝100/[b-(c-100)]100/(b-c +100) units g/cm3Performing parallel test for three times, and taking an average value;
secondly, Py, the method is the same as Px, the parallel test is carried out for three times, and the average value is taken;
thirdly, Pn, 500g of clay with the particle size of less than 300 meshes is dried for later use, 100g of dried clay is weighed and put into a measuring cup to measure the volume e of 100g, and the unit is cm3；
Pn is 100/e, unit is g/cm3Performing parallel test for three times, and taking an average value;
determining the density of each component, determining the proportion of each component, wherein N is 0.1-0.3, obtaining the numerical value of N according to the quality of clay, calculating X and Y, and determining the proportion of the porous adsorption material, the floating body and the clay.
The porous adsorption material adopts fine particles or powder with the particle size of less than 3mm, and porous carbon or molecular sieve is selected.
The floating body is made of inorganic materials which are 1-5 mm particles, can resist high temperature of more than 1050 ℃ and are lighter than water, and pumice, porcelain granules or porous porcelain granules are selected.
The clay is selected from 100 mesh or attapulgite or pottery clay.
The preparation process of the floating adsorbent comprises the following steps:
firstly, batching according to the formula components and the proportioning and metering method;
secondly, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the water accounts for 5-50%;
thirdly, granulating by using a granulator or an extruder, wherein the particle size is 3-20 mm, and forming a spherical or columnar particle blank body;
fourthly, drying by natural air or a drying room and a drying line;
fifthly, firing at high temperature in an oxygen-isolated way, wherein the firing temperature is 450-1050 ℃, the sintered clay has set strength and keeps high water absorption, namely the water absorption rate is more than 10%, and the clay has no vitrification crystallization;
and sixthly, putting the water into the water for screening, removing sunken defective products, and taking floating adsorbents floating on the water surface.
The specific description is as follows:
floating adsorbent: is a granular composite material which has density lower than that of water, can float on the water surface in water and has an adsorption function. The basic requirements are that the water floating agent can float in water and has adsorbability, and is specific to organic pollutants, heavy metal pollutants and the like.
Porous adsorption material: selecting fine particles or powder with particle size below 3mm, preferably porous carbon or molecular sieve.
A floating body: inorganic material which can resist high temperature above 1050 ℃ and is far lighter than water, and the adsorbent floats on the water surface by the inorganic material, preferably pumice, ceramsite and porous porcelain granule.
The principle is as follows: the floating body has abundant water-tight pores with low density inside, and the specific weight of the adsorbent is reduced by the water-tight pores until the 'floating adsorbent' is lighter than water. The particle size cannot be too small, and too fine can destroy internal pores and increase density. The densities of the porous adsorption material and the clay are relatively fixed, so the lower the density of the floating body is, the larger the buoyancy is, the content of the porous adsorption material can be correspondingly improved, and the stronger the adsorption capacity of the floating adsorbent is.
Pumice or ceramsite: can be purchased outside, has low cost, but has low density, is few in the market with the particle size less than 3mm, is unstable in supply, and is mainly made of self-made porous porcelain granules.
Preparing air-hole ceramic particles: selecting clay fine powder 30-50%, and biomass powder or coal powder in balance, adding water, mixing, stirring, granulating, oven drying, placing into kiln 1100-1300 deg.C aerobic calcining to make it vitrified not absorb water, while the internal biomass powder or coal powder is oxidized to leave countless pores with low density of 0.5g/cm due to developed pores3Left and right.
Clay powder: selecting 100 meshes below, preferably selecting attapulgite and argil, wherein the attapulgite has low density and low sintering temperature; the clay has the function of adhesion, and after being mixed with the floating body and the porous adsorption material according to a certain proportion and calcined at high temperature in an oxygen-isolating manner, the floating body and the porous adsorption material are adhered together to form the granular floating adsorbent.
The porous adsorption material and the floating body are not suitable for being directly bonded by glue, and the floating body is not suitable for being made of low-density organic materials such as plastics, foams and the like. The reason is as follows: firstly, glue can block the pore channels of the porous adsorption material, and the adsorption property is reduced; secondly, the glue is easy to age and lose viscosity; thirdly, secondary pollution caused by organic materials and glue is avoided, and objects to be treated are polluted; fourthly, the organic material is not high temperature resistant.
The most important point of the invention is to solve the density problem of the floating adsorbent of the novel invention, and the obtained adsorbent is lighter than water by accurately calculating the proportion of each component, and the strong adsorption capacity is kept at the same time.
Firstly, the calculation formula is given because the density of the floating adsorbent is less than 1g/cm3。
Setting: the density of the porous adsorption material is Px, and the proportion is X
The density of the floating body is Py and the proportion is Y
The clay has a density of Pn and a proportion of N
Then: the proportion of each component needs to satisfy the following two formulas:
①X+Y+N＝1
②X×Px+Y×Py+N×Pn＝1
note: this is not the final formula and requires fine tuning after pilot production.
Secondly, density determination of each component:
after actual materials of all components are selected, the density measurement method is as follows:
px is the pure density after the water-permeable pore volume is removed; weighing 500g of porous adsorption material, drying for later use, weighing 100g of porous adsorption material, placing into water, oscillating or pressurizing to make it fully saturated and absorb water, then taking out and weighing c in unit of g, and immediately placing into a water containing measuring cup to measure the water containing volume b of 100g in unit of cm3；
Px＝100/[b-(c-100)]100/(b-c +100) units g/cm3；
The parallel tests were done three times and the average was taken.
Py is the same as Px;
pn, drying 500g of clay below 300 meshes for later use, weighing 100g of clay, putting the clay into a measuring cup, and measuring the volume e of the clay 100g, wherein the unit is cm3；
Pn is 100/e unit g/cm3；
The parallel tests were done three times and the average was taken.
Thirdly, the proportion of each component:
and after the density of each component is determined, determining the proportion of each component. In the actual production process, N is empirical data, the types and the qualities of the clay are different and are between 0.1 and 0.3, the lower the clay is, the better the clay is on the premise of ensuring the strength, and once the N value is determined, X and Y can be calculated so as to prepare the materials and organize the processing.
In actual operation, N can be first prepared in a ratio of 0.2 for trial production, and if the strength can meet the requirement, the shaping is carried out, otherwise, the proper adjustment is carried out.
Fourthly, small-batch trial production:
taking N as 0.2, calculating X and Y according to the density and the formula determined above, mixing 300-500 kg of the materials according to the proportion, and carrying out trial production according to the preparation process steps to obtain the adsorbent.
In this case, the adsorbent may be precipitated in water, because the green body after the mixture granulation is calcined may vary in volume and weight, and the actual material, the ratio of the components, the firing temperature and the degree of sealing of the apparatus may differ, and the shrinkage and expansion ratios may differ, so that the overall density may differ after firing. If it becomes 1 or more, it naturally sinks in water. Therefore, after trial production, the above formula is also fine-tuned according to the actual density.
Setting: the density of the adsorbent obtained by trial production is a, and the determination method is the same as Px.
Then: the final calculation formula is calculated and adjusted as follows:
①X+Y+N＝1
②X×Px+Y×Py+N×Pn＝1/a
the proportion of each component is calculated according to the formula, wherein the actual proportion of the porous adsorption material is less than or equal to X, and the proportion of the floating body is more than or equal to Y, so that the mass production is organized.
If the variety and specification of any material of each component are changed and the process and equipment are adjusted, the proportion of each component is measured again according to the proportioning and metering method.
The first embodiment is as follows:
when N is 0.1, selecting bamboo charcoal as the porous adsorption material, the density is 1.9, selecting ceramsite as the floating body, the density is 0.7, selecting argil as the clay, the density is 1.6, adopting a shuttle kiln to fire at 1050 degrees, selecting two decimal places as the density a of the adsorbent obtained by trial production, rounding off when calculating, wherein X is 0.11, Y is 0.79, namely the proportion of X is 11%, the proportion of Y is 79%, and the proportion of N is 10%.
Example two:
when N is 0.2, the porous adsorption material is selected from activated carbon, the density is 2.2, the floating body is selected from porous porcelain granules, the density is 0.5, the clay is selected from attapulgite, the density is 1.4, the floating body is fired at 500 ℃ by a shuttle kiln, the density a of the adsorbent obtained by trial production is 1.03, two decimal places are taken and rounded up during calculation, and at the moment, X is 0.17, Y is 0.63, namely, X accounts for 17%, Y accounts for 63% and N accounts for 20%.
Example three:
when N is 0.3, the porous adsorption material is selected from a molecular sieve, the density is 1.8, the floating body is selected from pumice, the density is 0.6, the clay is selected from pottery clay, the density is 1.6, the floating body is fired at 750 ℃ by a rotary kiln, the density a of the adsorbent obtained by trial production is 1.04, two decimal places are taken, and rounding is performed during calculation, wherein X is 0.05, Y is 0.65, namely the proportion of X is 5%, the proportion of Y is 65%, and the proportion of N is 30%.
By way of example analysis, the present invention produces high quality and high efficiency floating adsorbent with the following key points:
firstly, improving the unit adsorption capacity of the porous adsorption material as much as possible;
secondly, the density of the floating body is reduced as much as possible;
thirdly, the bonding force/plasticity of the selected clay is strong, and the sintering temperature is low;
fourthly, the kiln is required to be good in sealing property, the porous carbon is strictly prevented from being oxidized, and the more the porous carbon is oxidized, the more the adsorption capacity is reduced;
fifthly, the firing temperature is in positive correlation with the value a, and the lower the value a is, the better the firing temperature is, the lower the firing temperature is, the better the strength is kept.
The embodiment of the invention has the characteristics that: the floating adsorbent and the proportioning and metering method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the prepared floating adsorbent is prepared by accurately metering the proportioning and special processes of all components, and aims to realize low-cost industrial mass production. Can be widely applied to the fields of soil pollution treatment, water quality purification and the like, and creates conditions for the separation of pollutants and the recovery of adsorbents.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims (6)

1. The floating adsorbent is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the proportioning and metering method of the porous adsorption material, the floating body and the clay comprises the following steps:
wherein, the density of the porous adsorption material is Px, and the proportion of the porous adsorption material is X;
the floating body has the density of Py and accounts for Y;
clay with a density of Pn and a proportion of N;
a is the density measured after the test production of the floating adsorbent;
the calculation formula is as follows: x + Y + N ═ 1;
X×Px+Y×Py+N×Pn＝1/a；
the method for measuring the density of each component comprises the following steps:
phi and Px: removing pure density of permeable pores, taking 500g of porous adsorption material, drying for later use, weighing 100g of dried porous adsorption material, putting the porous adsorption material into water for oscillation or pressurization to fully and saturated absorb water, taking out and weighing c, wherein the unit is g, and putting the porous adsorption material into a water containing measuring cup to measure the water containing volume b of 100g, and the unit is cm3；
Px＝100/[b-(c-100)]100/(b-c +100) units g/cm3(ii) a Performing parallel test for three times, and taking an average value;
secondly, Py, the method is the same as Px, the parallel test is carried out for three times, and the average value is taken;
thirdly, Pn, 500g of clay with the particle size of less than 300 meshes is dried for later use, and 100g of dried clay is weighedThe clay is placed in a measuring cup and the volume e of 100g is measured in cm3；
Pn is 100/e, unit is g/cm3Performing parallel test for three times, and taking an average value;
determining the density of each component, determining the proportion of each component, wherein N is 0.1-0.3, obtaining the numerical value of N according to the quality of clay, calculating X and Y, and determining the proportion of the porous adsorption material, the floating body and the clay.
2. The buoyant adsorbent of claim 1, wherein: the porous adsorption material adopts fine particles or powder with the particle size of less than 3mm, and porous carbon or molecular sieve is selected.
3. The buoyant adsorbent of claim 1, wherein: the floating body is made of inorganic materials which are 1-5 mm particles, can resist high temperature of more than 1050 ℃ and are lighter than water, and pumice, porcelain granules or porous porcelain granules are selected.
4. The buoyant adsorbent of claim 1, wherein: the clay is selected to be below 100 meshes, and is attapulgite or pottery clay.
5. The process for preparing a buoyant adsorbent according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) the ingredients are prepared according to the formula components and the proportioning and metering method;
(2) adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the water accounts for 5-50%;
(3) granulating by using a granulator or an extruder, wherein the particle size is 3-20 mm, and forming a spherical or columnar particle blank;
(4) natural air drying or drying in a drying room and a drying line;
(5) sintering at 450-1050 deg.c to obtain the product with certain strength and high hydroscopicity, i.e. water absorption of 10% or more, no vitrification crystallization of clay;
(6) and placing the mixture into water for screening, removing sunken defective products, and taking floating adsorbent floating on the water surface.
6. The buoyant adsorbent of claim 3, wherein: the porous porcelain granule is prepared by mixing and granulating 30-50% of clay fine powder and the balance of biomass powder or coal powder by adding water, drying, placing in a kiln for aerobic calcination at 1100-1300 ℃ to ensure that the porcelain granule does not absorb water, oxidizing the biomass powder or coal powder inside to leave a plurality of pores, wherein the pores are developed and have the density of 0.4-0.6 g/cm3。
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