Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
A portable universal life support system for field emergency treatment is disclosed, which is shown in fig. 1 to 21, and comprises a life support system host quickly positioned on a stretcher 76 through a stretcher fixing device 7, wherein the life support system host comprises a host shell and an infusion device which is arranged above the host shell and has a waterproof sealing function. The inside of host computer shell is fixed and is provided with host computer main support 1, and the inside location of host computer main support 1 is provided with mechanical ventilation module 3 and breathing module 2, and mechanical ventilation module 3 is located breathing module 2's top. The mechanical ventilation module 3 is used for providing mixed oxygen for the patient and can avoid the situation that the expired gas of the patient cannot be exhausted. Breathing module 2 links to each other with mechanical ventilation module 3 and is used for breathing the treatment to the patient to can guarantee that the patient is independently breathed in, when the device is whole to break down unable normal air feed promptly, can carry out the outside air of automatic inhaling through breathing module 2, the gas of patient's exhalation can be discharged through mechanical ventilation module 3.
A system control module 8 is arranged above the main support 1 of the main machine, and the controlled end of the mechanical ventilation module 3 is connected to the output end of the system control module 8.
Mechanical ventilation module 3, shown in connection with fig. 7, includes an air inlet system for providing a source of air to the patient, an exhaust system for exhausting exhaled air from the patient to the atmosphere, and an air delivery manifold 322 disposed between the air inlet system and the exhaust system and in communication with breathing module 2.
The air intake system comprises an air delivery system, a low-pressure oxygen delivery system, a high-pressure oxygen delivery system, the oxygen mixing device 4, a main air suction pipe 36, a turbine 35, a first one-way valve 37 and an air blocking passage 38.
The air conveying system is used for inputting air in the environment, the air conveying system comprises an air conveying pipeline 31, one end of the air conveying pipeline is communicated with the outside atmosphere, the other end of the air conveying pipeline is communicated with the oxygen mixing device 4, a first filter 310 and a second filter 311 are arranged on the air conveying pipeline 31, and the first filter 310 and the second filter 311 are used for filtering the outside air.
The low-pressure oxygen delivery system is used for inputting low-pressure oxygen, the low-pressure oxygen delivery system comprises a low-pressure oxygen delivery pipeline 32, one end of the low-pressure oxygen delivery pipeline is communicated with the low-pressure oxygen delivery device, the other end of the low-pressure oxygen delivery pipeline is communicated with the oxygen mixing device 4, and a second one-way valve 312, a third filter 313 and a second flow sensor 317 are arranged on the low-pressure oxygen delivery pipeline 32. The second one-way valve 312 is provided to prevent the high pressure oxygen in the mixer of the oxygen mixing device 4 and the high pressure oxygen delivery system from entering the low pressure oxygen delivery device. The third filter 313 is used for filtering the low pressure oxygen on the low pressure oxygen delivery line 32. Second flow sensor 317 is used to detect the total flow of oxygen delivered by the low pressure oxygen delivery system as well as the high pressure oxygen delivery system.
The high pressure oxygen delivery system is used for inputting high pressure oxygen, the high pressure oxygen delivery system comprises a high pressure oxygen delivery pipeline 333, one end of the high pressure oxygen delivery pipeline is communicated with the high pressure oxygen delivery device, the other end of the high pressure oxygen delivery pipeline is communicated with the low pressure oxygen delivery pipeline 32, and a fourth filter 315, a second pressure sensor 314 and a proportional valve 323 are arranged on the high pressure oxygen delivery pipeline 333. The fourth filter 315 is used to filter the high pressure oxygen, and the second pressure sensor 314 is used to detect the pressure of the high pressure oxygen delivery line 333. The proportional valve 323 is used to regulate the flow rate of the high pressure oxygen.
The air delivery system, the low-pressure oxygen delivery system and the high-pressure oxygen delivery system are connected with an oxygen mixing device 4 in an intersecting manner, the air outlet end of the oxygen mixing device 4 is connected with an air suction main pipe 36 for providing an air source for a patient, a turbine 35 is arranged on the air suction main pipe 36, and the turbine 35 is used for pumping mixed air in the oxygen mixing device 4 and adjusting the flow and pressure parameters of the output air in a speed-changing manner.
The main inspiration pipe 36 is also provided with a first one-way valve 37 for preventing the gas exhaled by the exhaust system from entering the oxygen mixing device 4, and a gas resistance passage 38 connected in parallel with the first one-way valve 37 is connected to the main inspiration pipe 36 between the gas inlet end of the first one-way valve and the gas outlet end of the first one-way valve.
A first flow sensor 316 for detecting the flow rate of gas in the main intake pipe 36 is provided in the main intake pipe 36 between the turbine 35 and the first check valve 37.
The exhaust system comprises an expiration main pipe 318 communicated with an air delivery main pipe 322, and an expiration valve 320 and a third one-way valve 321 are sequentially arranged on the expiration main pipe 318.
The exhalation valve 320 is used to control the pressure and flow rate of the patient's exhaled air.
The third check valve 321 is used to prevent outside air from entering the expiratory main duct 318.
Compared with the defects of the traditional electromechanical ventilation module, the mechanical ventilation module adopts the following measures:
A. the large-diameter air suction valve (the large-diameter air suction valve is an electrically controllable valve, and the flow and pressure parameters of the output gas of the turbine are adjusted by adjusting the opening of the valve) at the downstream of the turbine in the traditional electromechanical ventilation module, and the flow and pressure parameters of the output gas are directly adjusted by the variable speed of the turbine.
B. And (C) changing a turbine driving circuit and driving software (or algorithm) according to the step (A) to change the constant speed control into variable speed control.
C. Because a large-diameter inhalation valve is eliminated, a safety valve of a traditional electromechanical ventilation module is eliminated (note: the traditional safety valve is realized by matching an electromagnet with the large-diameter valve and is used for providing an autonomous inhalation passage when the respirator fails), and an autonomous inhalation passage is directly provided by a turbine air inlet and a turbine.
D. Because a large-diameter inhalation valve is cancelled, a first one-way valve is added in the main inhalation pipe, and the phenomenon that the exhaled gas flows back to the main inhalation pipe to cause CO when a double-pipe ventilation exhalation phase is avoided2The harm of repeated inhalation.
E. Because the first one-way valve is added to the main inspiration pipe, the first one-way valve is connected with the air resistance passage in parallel, and the condition that the patient does not have an expiration passage when a single fault occurs (the expiration valve is blocked) is prevented. When the exhalation valve is blocked, the patient's exhaled gases can be vented to atmosphere through the airway passage 38.
The main inspiration pipe 36 and the main expiration pipe 318 are respectively provided with a gas detection module 9 for detecting gas conditions, the output end of the gas detection module 9 is connected to the input end of the system control module 8, and the gas detection module 9 is arranged on the main host bracket 1 below the breathing module 2.
The gas detection module 9 includes a first pressure detection mechanism 911 and an exhalation detection mechanism 92. The first pressure detection means 911 is provided in the main intake pipe 36, and detects the gas pressure in the main intake pipe 36. The exhalation detection mechanism 92 is disposed on the exhalation main tube 318 for detecting the gas flow and pressure on the exhalation main tube 318.
The first pressure detection mechanism 911 comprises a first connecting branch pipe 911 connected and arranged on the side portion of the main suction pipe 36, a sixth filter 914, a first electromagnetic valve 912 and a first pressure sensor 913 are sequentially arranged on the first connecting branch pipe 911, the sixth filter 914 is used for filtering gas to be detected, the first electromagnetic valve 912 is used for controlling the on-off of the first connecting branch pipe 911, and the first pressure sensor 913 is used for detecting the gas pressure in the first connecting branch pipe 911.
The exhalation detection mechanism 92 includes a third flow sensor 921 provided on the exhalation main pipe 318, and an exhalation pressure detection unit provided on the exhalation main pipe 318 in parallel with the third flow sensor 921.
The expiratory pressure detection unit comprises an expiratory branch pipe 922 which is connected with the third flow sensor 921 in parallel and arranged on the expiratory main pipe 318, and a fifth filter 923, a second electromagnetic valve 925, a third pressure sensor 927, a fourth pressure sensor 928, a third electromagnetic valve 926 and a seventh filter 924 are sequentially arranged on the expiratory branch pipe 922. The fifth filter 923 and the seventh filter 924 are used for filtering the gas exhaled by the patient. The third pressure sensor 927 and the fourth pressure sensor 928 are used for detecting the air pressure on the main exhalation pipe 318.
The oxygen mixing device 4 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8 to 11, includes an oxygen mixing module main frame 41 and a system control module, wherein the oxygen mixing module main frame 41 is provided with an oxygen inlet 43, an air inlet 44 and a mixed gas outlet 410, and the oxygen inlet 43 and the air inlet 44 are respectively provided with a valve.
The oxygen mixing module main frame 41 is internally provided with an oxygen mixing cavity 49 communicated with the mixed gas outlet 410. The oxygen mixing module main frame 41 is internally provided with an oxygen mixing module rear baffle 491, the end part of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41 is provided with an oxygen mixing module front baffle 492, and the oxygen mixing cavity 49 is formed by enclosing the oxygen mixing module rear baffle 491, the oxygen mixing module front baffle 492 and the inner wall of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41.
The oxygen inlet 43 is provided at the top end of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41, and the air inlet 44 is provided on the oxygen mixing module rear baffle 491.
An oxygen conveying cavity 45 communicated with the oxygen inlet 43 is formed in the top wall of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41, and oxygen can be conveyed into the oxygen conveying cavity 45; an air conveying cavity 46 communicated with the air inlet 44 is formed in the bottom wall of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41, and air can be conveyed into the air conveying cavity 46.
The air inlet 44 is provided with an air inlet turbo pressurizing valve 47 and an air pump, the mixed air outlet 410 is provided with an air outlet turbo pressurizing valve 48 with the same structure as the air inlet turbo pressurizing valve 47, and the controlled ends of the air inlet turbo pressurizing valve 47 and the air outlet turbo pressurizing valve 48 are respectively connected to the output end of the system control module.
The intake turbo pressure valve 47 includes a turbo pressure valve end cover 471, a turbo fan 472, and a turbo pressure valve main frame 473, the turbo pressure valve end cover 471 is provided on each side of the turbo pressure valve main frame 473, and the turbo fan 472 is provided inside the turbo pressure valve main frame 473.
The oxygen inlet 43 is provided with an oxygen flow sensor and a proportional valve, the oxygen flow sensor is used for detecting the oxygen flow at the oxygen inlet, the proportional valve is used for controlling the input oxygen flow, the output end of the oxygen flow sensor is connected with the input end of the system control module, and the controlled end of the proportional valve is connected with the output end of the system control module.
The mixture outlet 410 is provided with a total flow sensor for detecting the total flow of the mixture at the mixture outlet 410, and the output end of the total flow sensor is connected to the input end of the system control module.
The inside of the oxygen mixing cavity 49 is communicated with a spiral oxygen mixing heating module 42, and the controlled end of the spiral oxygen mixing heating module 42 is connected with the output end of the system control module. The spiral oxygen mixing and heating module 42 is respectively communicated with the oxygen inlet 43 and the air inlet 44 and is used for mixing the introduced oxygen and the introduced air in a spiral gas mixing mode and heating the introduced oxygen and the introduced air.
The spiral oxygen mixing and heating module 42 comprises an outer oxygen mixing and heating rod sleeve 422, an oxygen mixing and heating rod 421, a spiral oxygen pipeline 423 and a spiral air pipeline 424.
The outer sleeve 422 of the oxygen mixing and heating rod is connected and arranged between the top wall and the bottom wall of the main frame 41 of the oxygen mixing module, and the outer side wall of the outer sleeve 422 of the oxygen mixing and heating rod is provided with an exhaust hole communicated with the oxygen mixing cavity 49, so that the mixed oxygen and air can enter the oxygen mixing cavity 49 through the exhaust hole.
The oxygen mixing and heating rod 421 is arranged inside the outer sleeve 422 of the oxygen mixing and heating rod, and the controlled end of the oxygen mixing and heating rod 421 is connected to the output end of the system control module. The top wall and the bottom wall of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41 are respectively provided with a hole groove, and the oxygen mixing heating rod 421 is arranged in the hole grooves.
A spiral oxygen pipeline 423 communicated with the oxygen conveying cavity 45 and a spiral air pipeline 424 communicated with the air conveying cavity 46 are sequentially and spirally wound outside the oxygen mixing heating rod 421. Specifically, the outer side wall of the oxygen mixing heating rod 421 is sequentially provided with a first spiral groove and a second spiral groove. The first helical groove is used for embedding the helical oxygen pipe 423, and the second helical groove is used for embedding the helical air pipe 424.
Oblique through holes 425 are respectively formed in the side walls of the spiral oxygen pipeline 423 and the spiral air pipeline 424, air and oxygen respectively penetrate through the oblique through holes in the pipelines to collide, air mixing efficiency is improved, and comfortable air is provided.
In order to ensure that the ejected mixed gas has a certain humidity, the oxygen mixing chamber 49 of the present invention is further provided with an air humidification film inside, and the mixed gas can pass through the air humidification film and then be discharged from the mixed gas outlet 410.
In order to ensure that the whole device has a heat preservation function and the temperature of the heated mixed gas is kept in a certain range to provide air with comfortable temperature for a patient, the heating plate is arranged on the outer wall of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41, the heat preservation is carried out on the interior of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41 through the heating plate, the controlled end of the heating plate is connected to the output end of the heat preservation controller, the heat preservation controller is provided with a bus interface, and the heat preservation controller is in interactive connection with the system control module.
When the oxygen mixing device 4 is assembled, two turbine fans are respectively assembled on positioning columns at two sides of a main frame of the turbine pressurizing valve, then two end covers of the turbine pressurizing valve are respectively assembled at two sides of the main frame of the turbine pressurizing valve, then, the two installed turbo-charging valves are respectively assembled at the air inlet 44 and the mixed gas outlet 410, the spiral oxygen pipeline 423 and the spiral air pipeline 424 are respectively wound in the pre-groove of the mixed oxygen heating rod 421, the oxygen mixing heating rod 421 is inserted into a hole groove reserved in the oxygen mixing heating rod, the outer sleeve 422 of the oxygen mixing heating rod is sleeved outside the oxygen mixing heating rod 421, the assembled oxygen mixing heating rod 421 is installed in a cavity at the rear part of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41, the spiral oxygen pipeline 423 is connected to the upper side of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41, the spiral air pipeline 424 is connected to the lower side of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41, and the oxygen mixing module rear baffle 491 is assembled at the rear part of the oxygen mixing module main frame 41.
The upstream of the air inlet 44 of the present invention is the external environment, when the oxygen mixing device 4 of the present invention works, according to the set oxygen concentration value, the proportional valve and the oxygen flow sensor output oxygen with a certain flow rate through feedback control, the oxygen enters the oxygen conveying cavity 45 through the proportional valve, then the oxygen enters the spiral oxygen pipeline 423 and is discharged into the outer sleeve 422 of the oxygen mixing heating rod from the inclined through hole of the spiral oxygen pipeline 423. At the same time, air enters the air delivery cavity 46 from the air inlet 44 by the action of the air pump, and then enters the helical air duct 424, and is discharged into the oxygen mixing heating rod outer sleeve 422 from the inclined through hole of the helical air duct 424. Air and oxygen respectively penetrate through the inclined through holes in the pipeline to collide, so that the air mixing efficiency is improved, and comfortable air is provided.
In the process of conveying and mixing the air and the oxygen, the oxygen mixing heating rod 421 heats the air and the oxygen, so that the mixed gas has a certain temperature, and the mixed gas is discharged into the oxygen mixing cavity 49 from the outer sleeve 422 of the oxygen mixing heating rod.
The turbine at the downstream of the mixed gas outlet can suck oxygen in the mixing device and a part of air entering the mixing device from the air inlet, uniformly mix the oxygen and the air, and send the mixture to the downstream, and meanwhile, the total flow rate is monitored by the total flow sensor, the total flow sensor feeds back detection information to the system control module, and the current oxygen concentration is calculated by the system control module.
In addition, the interior of the oxygen mixing device can be arranged to be a labyrinth structure, a section of containing cavity with a labyrinth structure stroke is arranged between the oxygen inlet and the air inlet, the labyrinth structure can temporarily store oxygen, and the breathing module can output gas with 100% oxygen concentration.
When the oxygen concentration of 100% needs to be controlled, the gas extracted by the turbine must be completely oxygen output by the proportional valve, but due to the control delay and the error of the flow sensor, the gas flow rate a extracted by the turbine cannot be guaranteed to be the same as the gas flow rate b delivered by the proportional valve, and the gas flow rate a always floats up and down on the gas flow rate b with the continuous feedback control. When the gas flow b delivered by the proportional valve is greater than the gas flow a1 extracted by the turbine, the excess gas will flow towards the air inlet, and because a cavity formed by a labyrinth structure is formed between the oxygen inlet and the air inlet, oxygen will not be discharged from the air inlet immediately, at this time, the gas flow a1 extracted by the turbine monitored by the total flow sensor is less than the gas flow b controlled by the proportional valve, the flow a1 extracted by the turbine will be increased, the flow extracted by the turbine will be increased from a1 to a2, the flow a2 extracted by the turbine is greater than the flow b provided by the proportional valve, the gas in the labyrinth structure of the oxygen mixing device will be extracted into the turbine, and because the gas in the labyrinth structure of the turbine is oxygen which is discharged from the oxygen inlet more recently, it can be ensured that although the gas in the oxygen mixing device is extracted by the turbine, it is still 100% pure oxygen, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the control of the oxygen concentration of 100%.
The turbine 35 of the present invention is disposed inside the main frame 1 of the main unit through a turbine fixing device. The turbine fixing device, as shown in fig. 12, includes a turbine support disposed outside the turbine 35, a first through hole for allowing the motor, the wire, and the terminal of the turbine 35 to pass through is disposed at the bottom end of the turbine support, a second through hole communicated with the air inlet of the turbine 35 is disposed at the top end of the turbine support, and a notch communicated with the air outlet of the turbine 35 is disposed at the side of the turbine support.
The turbine support comprises a turbine base support 56 and a turbine top support 58 which are detachably connected, a first through hole is formed in the turbine base support 56, and a second through hole is formed in the turbine top support 58.
Be provided with the first buffer assembly that is used for playing the cushioning effect between the casing bottom of turbine support's inner wall bottom and turbine 35, be provided with the second buffer assembly that is used for playing the cushioning effect between the casing top of the inner wall top of turbine support and turbine 35.
The first damping assembly includes a turbine damping pad 55, and the bottom end of the turbine damping pad 55 is fixed to the top end of the turbine base bracket 56 and the top end is fixed to the bottom end of the casing of the turbine 35. The interior of the turbine vibration damping pad 55 is a hollow structure. The turbine vibration damping pad 55 is provided with a third through hole, and the motor, the wire and the terminal of the turbine 35 can penetrate through the third through hole.
A first clamping groove is formed in the top end face of the turbine vibration damping pad 55, and a plurality of first clamping protrusions matched with the first clamping groove are arranged on the bottom end face of the shell of the turbine 35.
A plurality of first reverse buckling structures are integrally arranged at the bottom end of the turbine vibration damping pad 55, and a plurality of first clamping holes matched with the first reverse buckling structures are formed in the turbine base support 56.
First back-off structure sets up respectively in the bottom in first joint groove, and the pinhole has been seted up to structural correspondence respectively of first joint groove, first joint arch and first back-off, fixes through the turbine fixing pin 53 that passes the pinhole between the casing of turbine base support 56, turbine damping pad 55, turbine 35.
The second cushion assembly includes a silicone pad secured to the bottom end of the turbine top support 58 and the top end of the housing of the turbine 35. The inside of silica gel pad sets up to hollow structure.
A second clamping groove is formed in the bottom end face of the silica gel pad, and a plurality of second clamping protrusions matched with the second clamping groove are arranged on the top end face of the shell of the turbine 35.
A plurality of second back-off structures are integrally arranged at the top end of the silica gel pad, and a plurality of second clamping holes matched with the second back-off structures are formed in the turbine top support 58.
The second back-off structure sets up respectively on the top in second joint groove, and the pinhole has been seted up to second joint groove and the structural correspondence respectively of second back-off, fixes through the second turbine fixing pin that passes the pinhole between turbine top support 58, silica gel pad, the casing of turbine 35.
The silicone pad is integrally connected with a turbine inlet silicone tube 57 which penetrates through the second through hole and is communicated with the air inlet of the turbine 35.
An air inlet of the turbine 35 is fixedly provided with a turbine inverted buckle ring 52, and the turbine 35 and the turbine inverted buckle ring 52 are fixed through gluing. The turbine inlet silicone tube 57 is interference fitted over the turbine retaining ring 52.
The breathing module turbine fixing device further comprises a turbine outlet silicone tube 54, and the turbine outlet silicone tube 54 is in interference fit with the air outlet of the turbine 35 and extends out of the notch of the turbine support.
The left side of the turbine base support 56 is bent upwards to form a clamping seat, and the left side of the turbine top support 58 is provided with an opening. The clamping groove is formed in the turbine outlet silicone tube 54 and matched with the clamping seat to restrain circumferential and front-back movement of the turbine outlet silicone tube 54.
When the turbine outlet silicone tube 54 is assembled, the turbine 35 and the turbine inverted buckle ring 52 are fixed through gluing, a thread is tapped at one end of the turbine fixing pin 53, the turbine fixing pin 53 is screwed into a corresponding pin hole of the turbine 35 through the thread, the turbine outlet silicone 54 tube is inserted into an outlet of the turbine 35, the turbine outlet silicone 54 is made of silicone, the silicone is soft and elastic, the turbine outlet silicone tube 54 is in interference fit with the outlet of the turbine 35, and the outlet of the turbine 35 and the turbine outlet silicone tube 54 are sealed through interference in the diameter direction.
The turbine vibration damping pad 55 is sleeved in the turbine base support 56, 53 reversing structures are arranged on the turbine vibration damping pad 55, the turbine vibration damping pad is made of silica gel, the 53 reversing structures of the turbine vibration damping pad 55 can be clamped into corresponding holes of the turbine base support 56, and the turbine vibration damping pad 55 is fixed on the turbine base support 56 through the reversing structures of the turbine vibration damping pad 55.
The turbine 35 is inserted into the turbine vibration damping pad 55, and the motor, the wire, and the terminal of the turbine 35 pass through the turbine vibration damping pad 55 and the first through hole of the turbine base bracket 56. During assembly, turbine fixing pins 53 mounted on the turbine 35 are inserted into corresponding holes of the turbine damping pads 55 and the turbine base bracket 56.
The turbine outlet silicone tube 54 is provided with a clamping groove, the clamping groove of the turbine outlet silicone tube 54 arranged on the turbine 35 is clamped into the clamping seat of the turbine base support 56, and the circumferential and front-back movement of the turbine outlet silicone tube 54 is restrained through the matching of the clamping groove and the clamping seat.
In emboliaing turbine top support 58 with turbine entry silicone tube 57, there are 52 back-off structures on the top of the silica gel pad of turbine entry silicone tube 57 body coupling, and the material of turbine entry silicone tube 57 is silica gel, and 52 back-off structures of silica gel pad can be blocked in the pinhole that turbine top support 58 corresponds, through the back-off structure of silica gel pad, fix silica gel pad and turbine entry silicone tube 57 on turbine top support 58.
The turbine inlet silicone tube 57 is sleeved on the turbine 35, the turbine inlet silicone tube 57 and the turbine inverted buckle ring 52 which is fixed on the turbine 35 through gluing are in interference fit, and sealing between the turbine inlet silicone tube 57 and the inlet of the turbine 35 is achieved through interference deformation of the turbine inlet silicone tube 57 in the diameter direction. During assembly, the screw holes of the turbine top bracket 58 are aligned with the screws of the turbine base bracket 56, and locked and fastened by the fastening screws 59.
The turbine 35 is clamped up and down by the turbine inlet silicone tube 57 and the turbine damping pad 55 to restrain the up and down movement of the turbine 35, and the turbine fixing pin 53 fixed on the turbine 35 is inserted into the corresponding holes of the turbine damping pad 55 and the turbine base bracket 56 to restrain the front, back, left and right movement and rotation of the turbine 35.
The turbine damping pad 55 is of a hollow structure, the bottom of the turbine damping pad 55 is supported through a rib position, and the rib position are hollow, so that the turbine damping pad 55 can deform after being stressed, vibration energy is consumed, and damping between the turbine 35 and the turbine base support 56 and between the turbine top support 58 is realized. Meanwhile, an inverted buckling structure of a turbine damping pad 55 is arranged between the turbine fixing pin 53 and the turbine base support 56, so that the damping effect of the turbine fixing pin 53 and the turbine base support 56 in the horizontal direction is realized.
In the field transportation process, the condition that the rotational speed of the turbine is controlled unstably due to the bumping of the breathing module further causes the instability of the flow rate or pressure of mechanical ventilation, so that the comfort of the patient using the mechanical ventilation can be reduced, and even the treatment effect of the mechanical ventilation on the patient can be reduced. Generally, the turbine of the breathing module is flexibly connected with the housing of the breathing module, and external disturbance is isolated from the turbine by a mechanical device, but the capacity of suppressing the disturbance is limited. In ventilation control, a flow rate or pressure control loop is arranged on the outer layer of the turbine rotating speed loop, the influence of unstable turbine rotating speed on ventilation control can be reduced through feedback control of the outer layer loop, but the influence of disturbance on ventilation cannot be timely counteracted due to time delay of sampling of flow rate or pressure signals.
In order to solve the technical problem, the turbine 35 in the present invention is a variable speed turbine that adjusts output gas flow and pressure parameters in a variable speed manner, so as to solve the problems of unstable rotation speed control and unstable flow rate and pressure control caused by the bumping of the breathing module, so as to suppress the influence of the bumping of the breathing module on the ventilation of the breathing module.
Referring to fig. 13 and 14, the method of the present invention for controlling the turbine speed change includes: an accelerometer is arranged in the breathing module, disturbance signals influencing the control of the turbine operation parameters from the outside are obtained through the accelerometer, the turbine rotating speed control input is compensated according to the disturbance signals, and the influence of the disturbance on the turbine rotating speed control is reduced. The turbine operating parameter includes turbine speed, flow rate, or pressure.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
and S1, acquiring a rotating speed control model of the turbine according to motor parameters provided by a turbine manufacturer or by adopting a system identification method.
And S2, mounting an accelerometer inside the respiration module.
After the accelerometer is installed inside the breathing module, the turbine operates at a constant speed, the breathing module is used in a simulated field environment, signals reflecting the vibration degree of the breathing module body are extracted from the acceleration signals, and meanwhile, the rotating speed signals of the turbine are recorded.
And S3, establishing a disturbance channel model from the vibration signal to the turbine speed signal by adopting system identification.
And S4, designing a controller for actively reducing the disturbance influence according to the frequency domain characteristics of the vibration signal, wherein the controller comprises a main controller and a compensation controller.
Before the controller is designed, a rotation speed control model and a disturbance channel model of the turbine are obtained. In the design process of the main controller for controlling the rotating speed, on the premise of ensuring the quick response of the system, the main controller can play a role in isolating the disturbance signal according to the frequency band of the vibration signal.
Meanwhile, a compensation controller compensated according to the disturbance can be designed according to the disturbance channel model.
The main controller and the compensation controller are designed pertinently according to vibration signals or disturbance channel models, and the influence of vibration on the rotating speed of the turbine can be greatly reduced.
And S5, extracting a method for reflecting vibration strength from the acceleration signal, and acquiring a one-dimensional vibration strength signal.
In step S5, a neural network may be used to input acceleration signals in three directions, i.e., the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis, to the learning model, so as to obtain a one-dimensional vibration intensity signal. The vibration signal calculation method is not limited to the neural network, and other methods can be adopted to convert the three-dimensional signal into the one-dimensional signal, and the modulus of the synthetic vector of the acceleration in three directions can be simply adopted.
S6 and S1-S5 are off-line designs, and when the breathing module operates on line, signals which are extracted from the acceleration signals and reflect the vibration strength are input to the compensation controller for compensation.
According to the invention, the accelerometer is arranged in the breathing module, the vibration signal is extracted, and the controller for actively reducing disturbance influence is designed according to the frequency domain characteristics of the vibration signal, so that the stable control of the rotating speed of the turbine can be ensured, and further the stable control of the flow speed or pressure signal of the turbine can be ensured, and the breathing module can obtain a good ventilation treatment effect even in a field environment.
The breathing module 2 of the invention is in communication with a gas delivery manifold 322 via a breathing gas interface module 21. The breathing module 2 comprises a breathing air inlet module 22 and a breathing air outlet module 23 which are respectively communicated with the air transmission manifold 322.
The respiration intake module 22, as shown in fig. 15, includes an intake port mounted on the main frame of the main machine through a left fixing frame 227, and the intake port includes an intake port body 221. The right end of the air suction port body is an air inlet, and is arranged on the main bracket of the main machine through a right fixed bracket 2212 and communicated with an air inlet system of the mechanical ventilation module 3; the left end of the air inlet body 221 is an air outlet for supplying air to a patient, and the left end of the air inlet body 221 extends out of the left fixing bracket.
An autonomous inspiration hole is further formed in the side wall of the inspiration port body, and an autonomous inspiration valve which enables an inspiration port at the left end of the inspiration port body to be communicated with the outside when a breathing module fails is assembled in the autonomous inspiration hole.
The autonomous air suction valve comprises an autonomous air suction valve seat 223, an autonomous air suction check valve 224 and an autonomous air suction check valve seat, the autonomous air suction valve seat 223 is assembled on the autonomous air suction hole, and the autonomous air suction valve seat 223 is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends. The inner end of the self-air suction valve seat 223 is communicated with the air suction body through a self-air suction hole, the self-air suction check valve 224 is arranged in the cylinder of the self-air suction valve seat 223, the self-air suction check valve seat 226 is assembled at the outer end of the self-air suction valve seat 223, and a plurality of vent holes are formed in the self-air suction check valve seat 226. The self-inspiration check valve seat 226 is matched with the self-inspiration check valve 224 to realize the opening and closing of the self-inspiration passage.
The self-suction one-way valve seat 226 is in threaded connection with the inner side end face of the outer end of the self-suction valve seat 223, and a plug sealing ring 225 is embedded between the annular joint of the self-suction one-way valve seat 226 and the self-suction valve seat 223; an autonomous suction valve sealing ring 222 is arranged between the annular seam formed by assembling the autonomous suction valve seat 223 and the autonomous suction hole. By arranging the plug sealing ring 225 and the self-suction valve sealing ring 222, the sealing of the suction port in a normal working state can be realized, and the problem of air leakage is avoided.
In the invention, the autonomous air suction one-way valve 224 is of an umbrella-shaped structure and is made of rubber; the umbrella skirt of the self-inspiration one-way valve clings to the surface of the self-inspiration one-way valve seat 226 and completely covers all the air vents, the umbrella handle of the self-inspiration one-way valve 224 is provided with an annular barb, and the umbrella handle of the self-inspiration one-way valve 224 is assembled with the central air vent of the self-inspiration one-way valve seat 226 to realize the positioning of the self-inspiration one-way valve 224. In the assembling process, the umbrella stem barb structure of the self-suction one-way valve 224 is inserted into the central vent hole of the self-suction one-way valve seat 226, the barb structure can apply a reverse force to the self-suction one-way valve 224, and when the surface pressure of the umbrella skirt towards the suction port body is greater than or equal to the surface pressure towards the self-suction one-way valve seat 226, the umbrella skirt of the self-suction one-way valve 224 can cling to the surface of the self-suction one-way valve seat 226 to realize sealing; when the surface pressure of the umbrella skirt towards the air inlet body is smaller than the surface pressure towards the self-suction one-way valve seat 226, the umbrella skirt deforms towards the air inlet body from the self-suction one-way valve seat 226, the self-suction one-way valve 224 is opened, and the air in the external environment enters the valve body through the vent hole in the self-suction one-way valve seat 226.
In order to ensure the reliable and firm installation of the autonomous air suction valve, the outer wall of the autonomous air suction valve seat 223 is provided with an annular groove, and correspondingly, one side of the left fixing support 227 facing the autonomous air suction hole is provided with an arc-shaped clamping block; when the air suction valve is installed, the arc-shaped clamping block is clamped in the annular groove, so that the positioning of the automatic air suction valve seat and the air suction port body is realized; meanwhile, a pair of positioning columns with internal threads are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the outer wall of the self-air suction valve seat 223, and the internal threads of the positioning columns are assembled to form fastening screws 2213 for pressing the arc-shaped clamping block on the outer wall of the air suction port body.
In order to prevent the gas exhaled by the patient from reversely entering the oxygen duct, the air inlet and the breathing module, the invention is provided with the matched exhalation reverse one-way valve 228 and the exhalation reverse one-way valve seat 2210 in the air outlet at the right end of the air inlet body. An annular sealing groove is formed in the outer circumference of the exhalation reversal one-way valve seat 2210, an exhalation reversal one-way valve sealing ring 229 is embedded in the annular sealing groove, and the exhalation reversal one-way valve sealing ring 229 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the air suction port body to achieve sealing of the air outlet.
In order to accurately measure the oxygen delivery amount or the spontaneous respiration flow, a flow sensor 2211 is arranged between the air outlet at the right end of the air suction port body and a right fixed support 2212, the left end of the flow sensor 2211 is in threaded connection with an exhalation reverse one-way valve seat 2210, and the right end of the flow sensor 2211 is assembled with an oxygen output hole in the side wall of the box body. The left end and the right end of the bottom end face of the flow sensor are respectively provided with a positioning hole, a positioning column with an internal thread is coaxially arranged on the bottom end face of the corresponding air suction port body and the bottom end face of the right fixing support, and the flow sensor, the air suction port body and the right fixing support are installed through fastening screws penetrating through the positioning holes and the positioning columns.
During assembly, the self-suction valve sealing ring 222 is firstly sleeved at the position corresponding to the self-suction valve seat 223, then the plug sealing ring 225 is sleeved on the self-suction one-way valve seat 226, and then the self-suction one-way valve 224 is arranged on the self-suction one-way valve seat 226; then, the self-air-suction valve seat 223 is installed in the self-air-suction hole of the air-suction port body 221, then the arc-shaped fixture block of the left fixing bracket 227 is inserted into the annular groove corresponding to the self-air-suction valve seat 223, the fastening screw is tightened, the left fixing bracket 227 plays a role in fixedly connecting the self-air-suction valve seat 223 with the air-suction port 1, and the air-suction port fixing bracket 227 is tightened with the air-suction port 1 through the fastening screw.
The exhalation reversal check valve 228 is installed in the exhalation reversal check valve seat 2210, then the exhalation reversal check valve seal ring 229 is installed in the annular seal groove corresponding to the exhalation reversal check valve seat 2210, the exhalation reversal check valve seat 2210 is installed in the air outlet of the air suction port body, then the flow sensor 2211 is installed in the air outlet of the air suction port body, and the flow sensor is respectively connected with the right fixing support 2212 and the air suction port body through fastening screws.
When the self-inspiration check valve is used for normal ventilation, the umbrella skirt of the self-inspiration check valve 224 is tightly attached to the self-inspiration check valve seat 226, the umbrella skirt completely blocks the ventilation hole on the self-inspiration check valve seat 226, and the gas in the air inspiration body is not discharged from the ventilation hole of the self-inspiration check valve seat 226 and is conveyed to a patient through the expiration reverse check valve 228 and the flow sensor 2211. When the power supply is interrupted and the patient needs to perform the self-inspiration, the umbrella skirt of the self-inspiration check valve 224 deforms, the air vent of the self-inspiration check valve seat 226 covered by the self-inspiration check valve 224 is exposed, the outside air flows into the inspiration port body 221 from the air vent of the self-inspiration check valve seat 226, and then enters the patient body from the inspiration port body 221, so that the self-inspiration is realized.
The infusion device, as shown in fig. 16 to 18, includes an infusion rod assembly 61, a waterproof silicone assembly 62, and an infusion rod fixing assembly 63.
Infusion rod subassembly 61 is used for articulating infusion bag, and infusion rod subassembly 61 includes infusion rod 61b, connecting rod and infusion rod couple 61 a.
The transfusion rod 61b is arranged in a hollow cavity shape, and the transfusion rod 61b is a thin-wall stainless steel pipe. The connecting rod is transversely arranged at the top end of the transfusion rod 61 b.
The transfusion rod hook 61a is arranged on the connecting rod. The transfusion rod hook 61a is in an annular shape bent inwards, and the structure ensures that a hung transfusion bag is not easy to fall off.
The transfusion rod 61b and the connecting rod, and the connecting rod and the transfusion rod hook 61a are fixed together in a welding mode.
The infusion rod assembly 61 is made of stainless steel, so that the strength of the infusion rod assembly can be guaranteed, and the infusion rod assembly does not rust when used under severe external conditions for a long time.
The transfusion rod fixing assembly 63 is used for positioning the transfusion rod assembly 61 and the waterproof silica gel assembly 62 on the main machine rear shell 12.
The infusion rod fixing component 63 comprises an infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a used for embedding an infusion rod 61b and an infusion rod fixing nut 63b in threaded fit with the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a, and the infusion rod fixing nut 63b is used for positioning the infusion rod component 61 on the main machine rear shell 12.
The infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a comprises a flange structure and a fixing sleeve integrally arranged with the flange structure. The outer side wall of the fixing sleeve is provided with an external thread matched with the transfusion rod fixing nut 63 b.
The waterproof silicone assembly 62 is used to prevent the liquid in the transfusion rod assembly 61 from flowing into the main machine rear shell 12. The waterproof silicone rubber assembly 62 includes a waterproof jacket 62b and an interface plug 62 a. The interface plug 62a and the waterproof jacket 62b are both of a compressible silicone material.
The waterproof sleeve 62b is embedded on the side of the transfusion rod fixing component 63 in a sealing mode, wraps the bottom end of the transfusion rod component 61, and can effectively prevent liquid inside the transfusion rod component 61 from entering the main machine.
Annular groove has been seted up to fixed sleeve's lateral wall bottom, and waterproof cover 62 b's bottom an organic whole is provided with the cyclic annular board with the sealed assembly of annular groove, and then makes waterproof cover 62b sealed assembly on fixed sleeve, is difficult for droing. A sealed cavity structure with an open top end is formed between the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a and the waterproof sleeve 62 b.
The interface plug 62a is hermetically pressed between the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a and the main machine rear shell 12 and is used for preventing liquid from entering the main machine. When the fixed cover 63a of transfusion rod and the screw thread of transfusion rod fixation nut 63b were closed by the complete screw, interface stopper 62a was compressed, and the clearance between fixed cover 63a of transfusion rod and host computer backshell 12 was filled completely, can effectually block outside liquid and get into inside the host computer through host computer backshell 12.
The interface plug 62a includes a first plug pad and a second plug pad bent downward in a groove shape. The top end of the side wall of the fixing sleeve is provided with an annular groove, the second plug pad is embedded in the annular groove and is tightly extruded on the main machine rear shell 12 by the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a and the infusion rod fixing nut 63 b. The top end of the first plug pad is contacted with the bottom end of the flange structure of the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63 a.
The inside of transfusion rod 61b is provided with the auto-lock structure, and the auto-lock structure is used for fixing infusion rod subassembly 61 lock position on transfusion rod fixed cover 63a to guarantee transfusion rod subassembly 61 stability. The self-locking structure comprises an elastic sheet 61c, a pressing column 61d, an unlocking column 61e and a locking groove.
The elastic sheet 61c is arranged inside the transfusion rod 61b and is in a U shape, one side of the elastic sheet 61c is a fixed end fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the transfusion rod 61b, and the other side of the elastic sheet 61c is a movable end.
The movable end of the elastic sheet 61c is provided with a pressing column 61d and an unlocking column 61e which sequentially and movably penetrate through the transfusion rod 61b from top to bottom at intervals, two through holes are formed in the side wall of the transfusion rod 61b, and the pressing column 61d and the unlocking column 61e respectively penetrate through one through hole. The pressing post 61d and the unlocking post 61e are fixed to the elastic piece 61c by welding.
The inner side wall of the fixed sleeve is provided with a locking groove matched with the unlocking column 61e, and the unlocking column 61e is clamped inside the locking groove.
When the infusion device is assembled, the interface plug 62a is sleeved on the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a and then penetrates through the round hole on the main machine rear shell 12, then the infusion rod fixing nut 63b is connected to the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a in a threaded mode, and the interface plug 62a is extruded, so that the interface plug 62a has a sealing and waterproof effect. Subsequently, the waterproof cover 62b is fitted into the annular groove of the infusion rod fixing cover 63 a.
When the infusion rod is not inserted, the plug column (i.e., the second plug pad) on the interface plug 62a is pressed in the annular groove of the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a, and due to the waterproof sleeve 62b, even if the interface plug 62a is not pressed in the annular groove of the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a, the liquid entering the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a can be effectively blocked.
When the infusion rod component 61 is inserted, the pressing column 61d is pressed, the elastic sheet 61c deforms under the action of force, the unlocking column 61e is driven to move, and the infusion rod 61b is vertically inserted into the sealed cavity structure; when the infusion rod 61b is inserted in place, the pressing column 61d is loosened, the unlocking column 61e returns to move outwards due to the elastic factor and slides into the locking groove of the infusion rod fixing sleeve 63a, and the locking and positioning of the infusion rod component 61 and the infusion rod fixing component 63 are realized. At the moment, the infusion rod assembly 61 cannot fall off due to movement in the vertical direction, and the structural stability of the infusion rod assembly is ensured.
The stretcher fixing device 7, as shown in fig. 19 to 21, includes a stretcher support frame 77, a stretcher rotation blocking plate 71, a rotating assembly, a locking assembly, and a stretcher adapter plate 714.
The stretcher support frame 77 is in contact with the side surface of the stretcher 76, and the stretcher support frame 77 is in contact with the top surface, the bottom surface, and one side surface of the stretcher 76. The stretcher support frame 77 comprises a long top plate, a long vertical plate, a short bottom plate and a short vertical plate which are integrally connected, the bottom end face of the long top plate of the stretcher support frame 77 is in contact with the top end face of the stretcher 76, the inner side face of the long vertical plate of the stretcher support frame 77 is in contact with the side face of the stretcher 76, and the top end face of the short vertical plate of the stretcher support frame 77 is in contact with the bottom end face of the stretcher 76.
The stretcher rotation baffle 71 is matched with the stretcher support frame 77 to clamp the stretcher 76, and the stretcher rotation baffle 71 is arranged on the stretcher support frame 77 through a rotating component.
The rotating component is used for driving the stretcher rotating baffle 71 to rotate so as to realize the rapid disassembly and assembly of the stretcher 76. The rotating assembly includes a stretcher shaft 75 and a rotating handle 78. Through holes are formed in the long vertical plate and the short vertical plate of the stretcher support frame 77, the stretcher rotating shaft 75 penetrates through the stretcher support frame 77 and is rotatably arranged on the stretcher support frame 77, and two ends of the stretcher rotating shaft 75 extend out of the stretcher support frame 77. The rotating handle 78 is fixed to one end of the stretcher rotating shaft 75 by screws. The stretcher rotation baffle 71 is fixedly arranged on the other end of the stretcher rotation shaft 75 through a screw.
The inner side surface of the stretcher rotation baffle 71 is fixedly provided with a clamping friction plate 72 through screws, the clamping friction plate 72 is in contact with the stretcher 76, and the inner side surface of the clamping friction plate 72 is a friction surface which can increase the friction force between the inner side surface and the side wall of the stretcher 76.
A friction washer 74 and a silica gel washer 73 are also sleeved on the stretcher rotating shaft 75 between the stretcher rotating baffle 71 and the stretcher supporting frame 77. The friction washer 74 is in contact with the stretcher support frame 77. The silicone washer 73 is fixedly disposed between the friction washer 74 and the stretcher rotation flap 71.
The stretcher rotation baffle 71 is provided with a limit positioning pin 710 for limiting the rotation angle of the rotating assembly, and the inner side surface of the stretcher rotation baffle 71 is provided with a groove matched with the limit positioning pin 710.
A stretcher adapter plate 714 fixedly arranged on the main machine is connected and arranged above the stretcher supporting frame 77 through a locking component.
The locking component comprises an unlocking handle 79 arranged on the stretcher supporting frame 77, a plurality of unlocking handle clamping hooks 79a are arranged on the unlocking handle 79, and a stretcher transfer plate bayonet 714a matched with the unlocking handle clamping hooks 79a is arranged on the stretcher transfer plate 714.
Specifically, a sliding groove is formed in the top end of the stretcher support frame 77, the unlocking handle 79 is slidably fitted and arranged in the sliding groove, one end of the unlocking handle 79 extends out of the stretcher support frame 77, a guide post 713 which is arranged in a tapered shape and enables the unlocking handle 79 to pass through is fixedly arranged on the top end face of the stretcher support frame 77, the unlocking handle hook 79a passes through the guide post 713, and a conical shell matched with the guide post 713 is arranged on the stretcher transition plate 714. One end of the unlocking handle 79 is provided with a convex column positioned inside the guide column 713, and the convex column is sleeved with a compression spring 711, one end of the compression spring is in contact with the unlocking handle 79, and the other end of the compression spring is in contact with the inner wall of the guide column 713.
A groove is formed on the top end face of the top plate of the stretcher supporting frame 77, a stretcher supporting pad 712 is further arranged between the stretcher supporting frame 77 and the stretcher changeover plate 714, and the stretcher supporting pad 712 is embedded in the groove.
The assembly process of the stretcher securing device 7 of the present invention is as follows.
The clamping friction plate 72 and the stretcher rotation baffle 71 are fixed together by screws to form a clamping friction plate assembly. Then the rotating handle 78 is fixed with the stretcher rotating shaft 75 through screws and then inserted into the through hole of the stretcher supporting frame 77, the friction washer 74, the silica gel washer 73 and the clamping friction plate component are sequentially assembled on the other side of the stretcher rotating shaft 75, and finally the stretcher rotating baffle 71 and the stretcher rotating shaft 75 are fixed through screws.
The unlocking handle 79 is placed in the slide groove of the stretcher support frame 77, then the stretcher support pad 712 is attached to the surface of the stretcher support frame 77, and the guide post 713 and the stretcher support frame 77 are fixed by passing a screw through the through hole of the stretcher support frame 77.
In the actual use of the stretcher fixing device 7, the stretcher switching plate 714 is fixed in the host, when the host is put down, the inner taper hole of the upper taper shell of the stretcher switching plate 714 is attached to the outer taper surface of the guide column 713 under the action of the guide column 713, meanwhile, under the action of gravity, the stretcher switching plate 714 can drive the unlocking handle 79 to move in the falling process, and finally, the stretcher switching plate bayonet 714a and the unlocking handle hook 79a are buckled with each other to form a buckle structure, so that the stretcher switching plate 714 can be reliably fixed in the fixing device. When the host needs to be lifted from the fixing device, the handle of the unlocking handle 79 is pressed to drive the unlocking handle 79 to integrally translate, so that the unlocking handle hook 79a is separated from the stretcher adapter plate bayonet 714a, the fixing device is unlocked at the moment, and the host can be easily lifted.
The rotating handle 78, the stretcher rotating baffle 71 and the clamping friction plate 72 realize linkage under the action of the stretcher rotating shaft. As shown in fig. 20, when the rotating handle 78 is in the horizontal state, the clamping friction plate 72 and the stretcher rotation blocking plate 71 are in the vertical state, and at this time, the clamping friction plate 72 tightly presses the stretcher 76 into the notch of the stretcher supporting frame 77, so that the fixing device and the stretcher are reliably connected.
When the fixing device needs to be taken down to separate the stretcher supporting frame 77 from the stretcher 76, the rotating handle 78 only needs to be rotated 790 degrees to enable the stretcher supporting frame to be in a vertical state. When the rotating handle 78 rotates 790 degrees, the rotating handle 78 drives the stretcher rotating shaft 75, the stretcher rotating baffle 71 and the clamping friction plate 72 to rotate 790 degrees, at the moment, the stretcher rotating baffle 71 and the clamping friction plate 72 do not clamp the stretcher 76 any more, and the stretcher 76 can be directly taken out.
The limiting positioning pin 710 is fixed on the stretcher supporting frame 77, and meanwhile, a groove matched with the limiting positioning pin 710 is processed on the inner surface of the stretcher rotating baffle plate 71, so that the limiting positioning pin 710 can limit the rotating angle of the rotating handle 78, the risk that the stretcher rotating baffle plate is stressed unevenly or the stretcher falls off due to the fact that the rotating amplitude of the stretcher rotating baffle plate 71 is not proper is avoided, and meanwhile, the time for installing and disassembling the fixing device is saved.
When the stretcher rotation baffle 71 and the stretcher rotation shaft 75 are fixed by screws, the silica gel washer 73 is compressed under the action of pressure, the rotation hand feeling of the rotation handle 78 can be increased, and meanwhile, the friction washer 74 is made of wear-resistant nylon materials, so that the reliability of the fixing device after long-term use is ensured.
The inside of the main frame 1 is also provided with a power module 10 for supplying power to the whole device, and the power module 10 is arranged at the rear of the main frame 1. The power supply module 10 includes a lithium ion battery 101 and a backup battery. The battery A and the battery B are arranged in the invention, and the battery A and the battery B can be switched for use.
The invention realizes power supply management through the MCU. The power module 10 is divided into the following module components:
a charging module: the method is characterized in that a BUCK topology is adopted, each battery is charged independently, the charging electrical performance is controlled by an MCU (microprogrammed control unit), trickle ISET1_ PWM charging is carried out firstly, then constant current ISET1_ PWM charging is carried out, and finally floating voltage VCHARGE _ PWM charging is carried out, and when the full-charge condition is reached, the MCU closes the charging; and realizing a dynamic power distribution function of the system by utilizing a power distribution function of the charging IC, and starting to limit the charging power when the power of the system reaches a limit threshold value, so as to preferentially ensure the power supply of the system.
A battery management module: the information of the battery state register is read through the I2C, the information is uploaded to the upper computer through the serial port, and once the battery is over-temperature, over-voltage and over-current abnormal, the MCU controls the charging module to stop charging and give an alarm.
The main/standby switching circuit: the main and standby switching circuits are divided into two paths: one path is a standby power supply circuit for supplying small current, VBUS _17V and output voltage of two batteries are switched by a common Schottky diode, and then a standby power supply 3V3_ STB is output by voltage reduction, wherein the standby power supply is mainly provided with power by an MCU and some control circuits; the other path is a main power circuit, two battery output voltages are firstly switched through an ideal diode with very small voltage drop by BOOST voltage VBUS _16.5V, VBUS _16.9V of a BOOST topology and DC _ IN conversion output VBUS _17V, and the output bus voltage VBUS supplies power to a high-current load at the later stage. When the DC _ IN is on line, 17V is larger than 15V, and the DC _ IN supplies power; when the MCU detects that the DC _ OK is not on-line, the boosted 15V of the batteries A and B are regulated to 16.5V and 16.9V respectively to supply power to the rear stage, and the boosted voltage of the battery B is higher than that of the battery A, namely, the electric quantity of the battery B is preferentially used.
The low-power consumption management module: mainly to the power consumption management of standby battery, two batteries all increase a PMOS pipe to external the connecting, are controlled by BAT _ EN signal simultaneously, and MCU closes the PMOS when the power supply of battery is shut down, cuts off the battery and gives the power supply of back stage circuit, realizes giving power circuit zero-power consumption, and the singlechip gets into the dormancy state simultaneously, realizes the low-power consumption.
In order to improve the utilization rate of unit space and effectively reduce weight of a product, the invention adopts the following spatial arrangement structure:
assembling and fixing the turbine 35 to the middle part of the main bracket 1 of the main machine through screws, and limiting the turbine 35 by using two air pipe limiting metal plates 18; assembling and fixing the mechanical ventilation module 3 on the main frame 1 of the main machine through screws and connecting the mechanical ventilation module with the turbine 35 through an interface; the breathing gas interface module 21 is assembled and fixed on the side face of the main frame 1 of the main machine through screws, a trachea limiting metal plate a14 is used for limiting the pipeline through screws, and the breathing gas interface module 21 is connected with the mechanical ventilation module 3 through the first pipeline 17.
Assembling and fixing the gas detection module 9 on the main frame 1 of the main machine through screws; the breathing air suction port module 22 is fixed on the side surface of the main frame 1 of the main machine through screws; the first cushion 15 of the exhalation module is arranged on the side surface of the breathing air inlet module 22, the second cushion 16 of the exhalation module is arranged at the bottom of the breathing air inlet module 22, the breathing air inlet module 22 is connected with the turbine 35 through the second pipeline 19, the detection vent of the breathing air inlet module 22 is connected to the gas detection module 9 through a hose, the waste discharge port of the breathing air outlet module 23 is connected with the waste gas port through the third pipeline 20, and the detection vent of the breathing air outlet module 23 is connected to the gas detection module 9 through two hoses.
Assembling and fixing the power supply module 10 on the back of the main frame 1 of the host machine through screws, assembling and fixing the interface board 13 on the side surface of the main frame 1 of the host machine through screws, and assembling and fixing the system control module 8 on the top of the main frame 1 of the host machine through screws; the 2 battery interface boards 102 are respectively assembled and fixed on the back of the main frame 1 of the main machine by 2 screws, finally the 2 lithium ion batteries 101 are respectively inserted into the battery interface boards 102, and the main frame bottom plate 11 is assembled and fixed on the bottom of the main frame 1 of the main machine by the screws.
The on-site timely rescue is usually an outdoor environment, and the relevant electromagnetic standard immunity test grade of the outdoor environment is far higher than that of the common standard. The patient parameters of the life support system, which are derived from the sensitive patient physiological signal analog, are very susceptible to interference, so that the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the whole system is greatly challenged, and particularly, the display component is the weak point of electromagnetic shielding due to the process characteristics of the display component. Therefore, it is one of the problems that the skilled person needs to solve in the present stage that the electromagnetic shielding problem of the display module can be effectively solved.
In view of the above, the invention provides an EMC structure of a portable life support system adapted to a field environment, which comprises a casing for accommodating the life support system, wherein a circuit board is arranged inside the casing, an inwardly recessed rectangular display screen hole is formed in the front casing of the casing, a display screen assembly is arranged on the display screen hole, the display screen assembly comprises a touch screen and a display screen which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, bonded through a third adhesive layer and connected with the circuit board, a transparent glass substrate is arranged on the display screen hole, and a light-transmitting shielding net is bonded on the inner side surface of the transparent glass substrate through a first adhesive layer; the touch screen is arranged on the inner side face of the light-transmitting shielding net through the second adhesive layer, and the ITO coating used for shielding electromagnetic signals is arranged on the outer side face of the touch screen.
The invention also includes a body temperature sensor, an electrocardiogram sensor and a blood oxygen sensor for a portable life support system adapted for use in an EMC environment. The body temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of a human body and converting the temperature into a usable output signal; the electrocardio sensor is used for collecting human heart signals; the blood oxygen probe sensor is used for measuring the oxygen concentration in human blood, namely the blood oxygen saturation.
The body temperature sensor comprises a body temperature probe sensor for measuring the body temperature of a human body, the signal output end of the body temperature probe sensor is connected with a signal transmission line for transmitting body temperature information, the other end of the signal transmission line is provided with a joint for connecting a life support system, and a magnetic ring for inhibiting the interference of a complex high-frequency signal in a field complex environment on the body temperature information transmitted on the signal transmission line is sleeved on the signal transmission line; the outside cladding of magnetic ring is used for preventing the damaged high-elastic rubber cover that moves on the signal transmission line of magnetic ring.
The electrocardio sensor comprises a plurality of disposable electrode patches which are used for being attached to the surface of the skin of a human body to collect electrocardiosignals, and the signal output ends of the electrode patches are connected with signal transmission lines for transmitting electrocardio information; the signal transmission line comprises a plurality of lead wires which are detachably connected with the electrode patches, the other ends of the lead wires are connected with a main cable through a junction box, the other end of the main cable is provided with a joint for connecting a life support system, and the main cable is sleeved with a magnetic ring for inhibiting interference of a complex high-frequency signal in a field complex environment on the electrocardio information transmitted on the signal transmission line; the outside cladding of magnetic ring is used for preventing the damaged high-elastic rubber cover that moves on main cable of magnetic ring.
The blood oxygen sensor comprises a blood oxygen probe sensor for measuring the oxygen concentration in human blood, wherein the signal output end of the blood oxygen probe sensor is connected with a signal transmission line for transmitting blood oxygen concentration information, the other end of the signal transmission line is provided with a connector for connecting a life support system, and a magnetic ring for inhibiting the interference of a complex high-frequency signal in a field complex environment on the blood oxygen concentration information transmitted on the signal transmission line is sleeved on the signal transmission line; the outside cladding of magnetic ring is used for preventing the damaged high-elastic rubber cover that moves on the signal transmission line of magnetic ring.
The invention also comprises an ultrasonic detector for measuring the heart rate and the pulse rate, the ultrasonic detector is connected with the system control module through the USB interface and can transmit the detected heart rate and pulse rate signals to the system control module, and the system control module compares the detection signals with the internal set value to judge the health state of the human body.
In use, prior to initiating infusion, the infusion device of the portable universal life support system typically requires a self-check of the closed door to ensure that the door structure for receiving the position of the infusion device is reliably closed. Therefore, the door closing detection device is arranged, and the non-contact detection mode that the permanent magnet is matched with the Hall sensor is adopted, so that the structural design is simplified, the reliability of the product is improved, and the service life of the product is prolonged.
The working principle of the invention is as follows.
Under the very critical condition in open-air battlefield, medical personnel lift the patient to the stretcher to fix life support system host computer to the stretcher fast, high-efficiently through the stretcher fixing device, hang the infusion package to infusion set on, infuse for the patient through infusion set.
Meanwhile, the breathing air inlet module 22 and the breathing air outlet module of the breathing module 2 are connected to a breathing mask, and the breathing mask is covered on the mouth of a patient.
The system control module 8 controls the operation of the turbine 35 and the oxygen mixing device 4 in the mechanical ventilation module 3.
When the turbine 35 is operating, ambient air is drawn into the module via the first filter 310 and the second filter 311, while high pressure oxygen (O)2) After entering the module through the high pressure oxygen inlet, filtered through the fourth filter 315, the second pressure sensor 314, after sensing the pressure, is adjusted in flow rate by the proportional valve 323 (in cooperation with the second flow sensor 317) and is also sucked in by the turbine 35. And low pressure oxygen (O)2) After entering the module through the low pressure oxygen inlet and the second one-way valve 312, it is also sucked in by the turbine 35. It should be noted that the hyperbaric oxygen and the hypoxic oxygen are not connected in a ventilation manner.
The sucked air and oxygen are mixed in the oxygen mixing device 4, the oxygen enters the oxygen conveying cavity 45 through the proportional valve, then the oxygen enters the spiral oxygen pipeline 423 and is discharged into the oxygen mixing heating rod outer sleeve 422 from the inclined through hole of the spiral oxygen pipeline 423. At the same time, air enters the air delivery cavity 46 from the air inlet 44 by the action of the air pump, and then enters the helical air duct 424, and is discharged into the oxygen mixing heating rod outer sleeve 422 from the inclined through hole of the helical air duct 424. Air and oxygen respectively penetrate through the inclined through holes in the pipeline to collide, so that the air mixing efficiency is improved, and comfortable air is provided.
In the process of conveying and mixing the air and the oxygen, the oxygen mixing heating rod 421 heats the air and the oxygen, so that the mixed gas has a certain temperature, and the mixed gas is discharged into the oxygen mixing cavity 49 from the outer sleeve 422 of the oxygen mixing heating rod.
The turbine at the downstream of the mixed gas outlet can suck oxygen in the mixing device and a part of air entering the mixing device from the air inlet, uniformly mix the oxygen and the air, and send the mixture to the downstream, and meanwhile, the total flow rate is monitored by the total flow sensor, the total flow sensor feeds back detection information to the system control module, and the current oxygen concentration is calculated by the system control module.
The air and oxygen are sucked in, and then output downstream (by the first pressure sensor 913 or the first flow sensor 316) in the form of a desired pressure or flow rate through the variable speed operation of the turbine 35, and finally output to the outside of the module after passing through the first check valve 37.
The gas of output enters into breathing module 2, carries out the air feed for the patient through breathing induction port module 22, and the gas after mixing passes through induction port body 221 and enters into respirator promptly, and the patient can directly inhale oxygen.
In the above description, which is the operation principle of the air intake system, for the exhaust system, the gas exhaled by the patient is exhausted from the breathing exhaust port module 23 to the mechanical ventilation module 3, and then enters the mechanical ventilation module 3, because the first check valve 37 is provided on the main inhalation pipe 36 according to the present invention, the gas exhaled by the patient cannot enter the main inhalation pipe 36, but enters the main exhalation pipe 318, and the pressure and flow rate of the gas exhaled by the patient are controlled by the exhalation valve 320 (matching with the third flow sensor 921), and finally are exhausted out of the module through the third check valve 321.
When the patient inhales, the rotational speed of the turbine 35 is increased, so that the mixed gas can be very quickly supplemented to the patient; when the patient exhales, the rotational speed of the turbine 35 is reduced so that the patient's exhaled air can be discharged through the exhalation main tube 318. When the exhalation valve 320 is blocked, because the rotation speed of the turbine 35 is very low, the gas exhaled by the patient can enter the main inhalation pipe 36 through the air blocking passage 38, then sequentially pass through the oxygen mixing device 4 and the air conveying pipeline 31, and is filtered by the first filter 310 and the second filter 311 on the air conveying pipeline 31 and then discharged to the atmosphere.