CN113397233A - 二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服 - Google Patents

二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服 Download PDF

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CN113397233A
CN113397233A CN202110823820.0A CN202110823820A CN113397233A CN 113397233 A CN113397233 A CN 113397233A CN 202110823820 A CN202110823820 A CN 202110823820A CN 113397233 A CN113397233 A CN 113397233A
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main body
layer main
silica aerogel
aerogel composite
clothes
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纪冠丞
张磊
李季
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Jiangxi Hungpai New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服及其制备方法，它涉及一种绝热衣服及其制备方法，属于功能性服饰领域。本发明为了解决掺有气凝胶隔层的衣物夹层掉粉严重、柔韧性低、透气性差、不能自生热、透气差、舒适度差的问题。本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服由外到内由最外层主体、次外层主体、次内层主体和内衬层主体组成；内衬层主体的领口、袖口内侧、衣摆最下端设有两圈突触；次外层主体与次内层主体的腋下、脖子、后背、前胸、腰部位置处开设网状气孔，次内层主体设有纽扣电池槽，纽扣电池槽的开关位于衣袖侧面的肩膀处，纽扣电池槽与涤纶纱线和碳纳米管复合柔性发热丝连接。本发明解决了夹层掉粉的问题，柔韧性好、透气性好、能自生热、舒适度较好。

Description

二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服
技术领域
本发明涉及一种绝热衣服，属于功能性服饰领域。
背景技术
随着科技的进步，衣食住行的科技感也越来越强，人们对于生活质量要求也越来越高，为了御寒保暖，人们不得不穿着厚重臃肿的御寒外衣，这样不仅影响人们工作、活动，而对于在极恶劣环境的工作者，传统的御寒衣物是无法满足的。由于二氧化硅气凝胶近于无穷多纳米孔的存在,热流在固体中传递时就只能沿着气孔壁传递,无穷多的气孔壁构成了近于“无穷长路径”效应,使得固体热传导的能力下降到接近最低极限。使其在热学、光学、电学、力学、声学等领域显现出许多奇特的性能创下十余项吉尼斯纪录，被称成为改变世界的神奇材料，是具有巨大应用价值的军民两用技术。但是通过研究发现以二氧化硅气凝胶制作的布料服饰会出现气凝胶粉末逐渐逸出的问题；并且由于二氧化硅气凝胶的独特的结构和性质，导致其透气性极差、柔软度低，这直接影响了穿着的舒适度和用户体验。
专利号为CN 208597746 U的中国专利公开了一种二氧化硅气凝胶衣服，公开了一种二氧化硅气凝胶衣服，最外层和最里层均为普通布料，中间一层是二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维无纺布。该专利只是介绍了一款气凝胶服饰的概念以及普通服装的主体结构，对于中间层的气凝胶直接与纤维复合方式没有说清，因为无纺布与气凝胶复合，在溶剂置换过程无纺布会碎裂无法成形，并且提到了防水性、保暖性，但是防水疏水的气凝胶层在中间位置，内外层均为普通布料，无法起到防水的功能。也没有解决气凝胶服饰透气性和掉粉的两个最大难题。而专利号CN 206333397 U的中国专利公开了一种冲锋服也加入了气凝胶材质，并通过在腋下缝制吸汗囊袋解决不透气出汗的问题，但是这样穿着会有异物感而影响舒适性，并且吸汗囊袋吸附能力有限，容易饱和，无法根治这一问题。
专利号为CN 208597746 U的中国专利公开了一种石墨烯自发热保健衬衣，所述衬衣本体的内衬里上设置有自发热片，成分为托马琳；并通过在衣襟部位设置吸合条，从而避免衣襟部位进风；并采用石墨烯面料加工。此专利介绍加热机理是根据托玛琳的压电性、热释电性、远红外辐射功能刺激人体加快新陈代谢以及石墨烯布料的综合作用产生热量保暖。但是托玛琳化学本质就是电气石，化学成分较复杂的矿石，所以具有不同等级的放射性，并且此材料必须贴身使用才能勉强有一定效果，并且这种加热不可控，需不需要热量它仍会给你加热，这样让人舒适性极差；而且石墨烯布料韧性、强度、耐磨性均不及普通的化纤，实用性和使用寿命受限；同时专利里提到的吸合条避免进风，但是吸合条过于冗长，并且异物感太强，影响穿着的舒适性；并且此衣物只适合于穿在内部，并且此衣物保健功能为主，保暖性能不是很突出。专利号为CN 110091571 A和CN107997257 A两篇专利也公开了自加热型并掺有气凝胶的多功能冲锋衣，但是自加热的加热毯或加热器体积过大、厚度过厚达到6mm之多，这样造成整体衣物过于臃肿，并且还是没有解决气凝胶隔层透气差的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决掺有气凝胶隔层的衣物夹层掉粉严重、柔韧性低、透气性差、不能自生热、舒适度差的技术问题，提供了一种二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服。
二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服由外到内由最外层主体、次外层主体、次内层主体和内衬层主体组成；
次外层主体与次内层主体组成功能主体；
功能主体内侧和外侧设有突触，内衬层主体的领口、袖口内侧、衣摆最下端设有两圈突触；
所述次外层主体与次内层主体的腋下、脖子、后背、前胸、腰部位置处开设网状气孔，并用银纤维菱形格抗辐射布料进行覆盖；
所述最外层主体由疏水抗污材料制成；
所述次外层主体的制备方法如下：
将填料粉体、二氧化硅气凝胶粉体和红外遮光剂混合，以100-500r/min的转速粉碎5-10min，然后再以1000-2500r/min的转速粉碎5-20min，得到50-200目的混合物，混合物中红外遮光剂的质量含量为2％-10％、二氧化硅气凝胶粉体的质量含量为80％-90％、填料粉体的质量含量为2％-10％，通过PET无纺布压制成厚度为3mm，即得次外层主体；
所述次内层主体设有纽扣电池槽及开关，纽扣电池槽及开关位于衣袖侧面的肩膀处，纽扣电池槽与涤纶纱线和碳纳米管复合柔性发热丝连接，复合柔性发热丝位于二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服的前面和后面。
所述最外层主体、功能主体和内衬层主体之间可拆卸。
所述次外层主体与次内层主体通过缝制的方式连接到一起组成功能主体，最外层主体和内衬层主体通过突触与功能主体粘合在一起。
所述突触的材质为橡胶及硅胶中的一种或两种的组合。
所述突触的体积为小米粒大小。
所述涤纶纱线和碳纳米管复合的柔性发热丝，采用超薄海藻纤维无纺布进行包覆。
所述疏水抗污材料为锦纶混纺纳米交织物、聚氨基甲酸酯纤维混纺纳米交织物、醋酯纤维与锦纶的复合丝纳米面料中一种或其中几种的组合。
所述填料粉体为气相三氧化二铝、气相白炭黑及膨胀珍珠岩的一种或其中几种的组合。
所述红外遮光剂为纳米碳化硅粉、六钛酸钾晶须、钛白粉、炭黑、硅酸锆及氧化锆的一种或其中几种的组合。
所述内衬层主体由醋酸长丝混纺人造丝、锦纶混纺及交织物、苎麻织物、亚麻织物及棉麻混纺面料中的一种或其中几种的组合。
本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服最外层选用疏水抗污材料，具有透气、汗不沾、易洗易干、不霉不蛀、贴肤舒适、绝对环保优点，在结合上独特的纳米结构，可以做到结构疏水防污。
由于填料粉体的作用，改性后的混合粉体在PET无纺布包覆下可以压制出轻薄的二氧化硅气凝胶薄层，再加上选用的是柔性二氧化硅气凝胶粉体，所以气凝胶复合薄层的柔软度也极为舒适。填料粉体还可以起到降低气凝胶粉体流动性的作用，这样可以避免柔性气凝胶复合材料薄层里粉体在穿着的过程中四处流动导致分布不均，产生漏温点，同时由于使用的是PET无纺布，也有益于热压成型；气凝胶粉体流动性降低并且配合使用PET无纺布也很好的解决二氧化硅气凝胶粉体泄露的问题。
本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服次内层为自发热保温层，此自发热保温层选用涤纶纱线与碳纳米管复合柔性发热丝为主要成分，并用超薄海藻纤维无纺布进行包覆。此碳纳米管复合柔性发热丝加热效果又好又舒适，与传统的加热丝和电热毯相比既轻薄柔软，又安全耐用。
本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服次内层设有纽扣电池槽，可以通过发热丝将电能转换为热能，其中能源为轻便小巧的可充放电纽扣式锂离子电池，其体积精小、拆卸方便简单、可循环使用、安全无危险。纽扣电池槽开关位于衣袖侧面，使用商标图案将开关巧妙隐蔽起来，具有不影响观赏性、无误触优点。
本发明绝热衣服最内层选用面料，透气杀菌效果绝佳。
二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服内衬的领口、袖口内侧、衣摆装有两圈增强摩擦力突触，使衣服与人的身体贴合更紧密，防止进风散失热量。
本发明功能主体内侧和外侧复合上密集的增强摩擦力的突触，突触质地柔然且体积均为小米粒大小，无异物感，可以使功能主体与最外层主体以及内衬层主体紧密贴合到一起。
本发明使用柔性二氧化硅气凝胶粉体为主体，具有阻燃效果，对人身体有一定的保护作用；并且气凝胶粉为高弯曲角度的柔性二氧化硅气凝胶粉碎制备的，所以制备的柔性二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料层具有超柔软度，使穿着起来十分舒适。
本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服的最外层布料为纳米疏水结构，具有超强的疏水性可以起到防水、抗污的作用，其接触角可达到130～134°。
本发明柔性二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服完全可以解决出差旅行高幅度温差造成更换衣物的困扰，因为柔性二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料层具有超低的导热系数，在平均25℃导热系数为0.013～0.014W/(m×k)，从-30℃严寒的东北到炎热酷暑30℃的海南，仅穿这件衣服便完全可以应对这严寒与酷暑带来的大幅度温差问题。
本发明的功能主体是可以直接拆卸下来，无需洗涤，而最外层和内衬都是速干材料，便于洗涤快干。
本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服的制备方法稳定性高、同时操作简单方便、成本较低，可以大规模生产，真正实验气凝胶服饰民用化。
附图说明
图1是本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服的剖析图；
图2是本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服的正面主视图，图中L表示衣兜，N表示拉链；
图3是本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服的背面主视图；
图4是本发明次外层主体正面主视图；
图5是本发明功能主体正面主视图；
图6是本发明次内层主体正面主视图；
图7是本发明次内层主体背面主视图；
图8是本发明内衬层主体主视图；
图9是纽扣电池槽结构示意图；
图10是开关结构示意图；
图11是实验一中疏水角度测试结果图；
图12是实验一中双试件平板稳态法热导率测定仪测定夹层的导热系数测试结果。
具体实施方式
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式，还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。
具体实施方式一：本实施方式二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服由外到内由最外层主体(A)、次外层主体(B)、次内层主体(C)和内衬层主体(D)组成；
次外层主体(B)与次内层主体(C)组成功能主体E；
功能主体E内侧和外侧设有突触(G)，内衬层主体(D)的领口、袖口内侧、衣摆最下端设有两圈突触(G)；
所述次外层主体(B)与次内层主体(C)的腋下、脖子、后背、前胸、腰部位置处开设网状气孔(M)，并用银纤维菱形格抗辐射布料进行覆盖；
所述最外层主体(A)由疏水抗污材料制成；
所述次外层主体(B)的制备方法如下：
将填料粉体、二氧化硅气凝胶粉体和红外遮光剂混合，以100-500r/min的转速粉碎5-10min，然后再以1000-2500r/min的转速粉碎5-20min，得到50-200目的混合物，混合物中红外遮光剂的质量含量为2％-10％、二氧化硅气凝胶粉体的质量含量为80％-90％、填料粉体的质量含量为2％-10％，通过PET无纺布压制成厚度为3mm，即得次外层主体(B)；
所述次内层主体(C)设有纽扣电池槽(F)及开关(K)，纽扣电池槽(F)及开关(K)位于衣袖侧面的肩膀处(I)，纽扣电池槽(F)与涤纶纱线和碳纳米管复合柔性发热丝(H)连接，复合柔性发热丝(H)位于二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服的前面和后面。
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是所述最外层主体(A)、功能主体E和内衬层主体(D)之间可拆卸。其他与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是所述次外层主体(B)与次内层主体(C)通过缝制的方式连接到一起组成功能主体E，最外层主体(A)和内衬层主体(D)通过突触(G)与功能主体E粘合在一起。其他与具体实施方式一或二相同。
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是所述突触(G)的材质为橡胶及硅胶中的一种或两种的组合。其他与具体实施方式一至三之一相同。
本实施方式中所述突触(G)的材质为橡胶及硅胶两种的组合物时，各成分间为任意比。
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是所述突触(G)的体积为小米粒大小。其他与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。
具体实施方式六：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至五之一不同的是所述涤纶纱线和碳纳米管复合的柔性发热丝，采用超薄海藻纤维无纺布进行包覆。其他与具体实施方式一至五之一相同。
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同的是所述疏水抗污材料为锦纶混纺纳米交织物、聚氨基甲酸酯纤维混纺纳米交织物、醋酯纤维与锦纶的复合丝纳米面料中一种或其中几种的组合。其他与具体实施方式一至六之一相同。
本实施方式中所述疏水抗污材料为组合物时，各成分间为任意比。
具体实施方式八：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至七之一不同的是所述填料粉体为气相三氧化二铝、气相白炭黑及膨胀珍珠岩的一种或其中几种的组合。其他与具体实施方式一至七之一相同。
本实施方式中所述填料粉体为组合物时，各成分间为任意比。
具体实施方式九：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至八之一不同的是所述红外遮光剂为纳米碳化硅粉、六钛酸钾晶须、钛白粉、炭黑、硅酸锆及氧化锆的一种或其中几种的组合。其他与具体实施方式一至八之一相同。
本实施方式中所述红外遮光剂为组合物时，各成分间为任意比。
具体实施方式十：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至九之一不同的是所述内衬层主体(D)由醋酸长丝混纺人造丝、锦纶混纺及交织物、苎麻织物、亚麻织物及棉麻混纺面料中的一种或其中几种的组合。其他与具体实施方式一至九之一相同。
本实施方式中所述内衬层主体(D)为组合物时，各成分间为任意比。
采用下述实验验证本发明效果：
实验一：
二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服由外到内由最外层主体、次外层主体、次内层主体和内衬层主体组成；
次外层主体与次内层主体组成功能主体；
功能主体内侧和外侧设有突触，内衬层主体的领口、袖口内侧、衣摆最下端设有两圈突触；
所述次外层主体与次内层主体的腋下、脖子、后背、前胸、腰部位置处开设网状气孔，并用银纤维菱形格抗辐射布料进行覆盖；
所述最外层主体由疏水抗污材料制成；
所述次外层主体的制备方法如下：
将填料粉体、二氧化硅气凝胶粉体和红外遮光剂混合，所述填料粉体为气相三氧化二铝和气相白炭黑，其中气相三氧化二铝粉质量含量3％，气相白炭黑质量含量为5％；所述红外遮光剂为纳米碳化硅粉和六钛酸钾晶须，其中纳米碳化硅粉质量含量8％，六钛酸钾晶须质量含量为2％；二氧化硅气凝胶粉体的质量含量为82％；
以150r/min的转速粉碎10min，然后再以2500r/min的转速粉碎5min，得到80目的混合物，混合物中红外遮光剂的质量含量为10％、二氧化硅气凝胶粉体的质量含量为80％、填料粉体的质量含量为10％，通过PET无纺布压制成厚度为3mm，即得次外层主体；
所述次内层主体设有纽扣电池槽及开关，纽扣电池槽及开关位于衣袖侧面的肩膀处，纽扣电池槽与涤纶纱线和碳纳米管复合柔性发热丝连接，复合柔性发热丝位于二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服的前面和后面。
所述最外层主体、功能主体和内衬层主体之间可拆卸。
所述次外层主体与次内层主体通过缝制的方式连接到一起组成功能主体，最外层主体和内衬层主体通过突触与功能主体粘合在一起。
所述突触的材质为硅胶。
所述突触的体积为小米粒大小。
所述涤纶纱线和碳纳米管复合的柔性发热丝，采用超薄海藻纤维无纺布进行包覆。
所述疏水抗污材料为锦纶混纺纳米交织物、聚氨基甲酸酯纤维混纺纳米交织物、醋酯纤维与锦纶的复合丝纳米面料中一种或其中几种的组合。
所述内衬层主体由醋酸长丝混纺人造丝。
二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服整体重量在1011g，相比于市面的气凝胶衣物重量轻便很多，具有穿着轻便的优点；通接触角测试仪对材料的疏水角度进行测试，测试结果见图11，疏水角达到150°远高于其他疏水材质、涂层，具有超强的抗污疏水性能，不惧风雪；通过精准的双试件平板稳态法热导率测定仪测定夹层的导热系数为0.016W/(m·k)，测试结果(见图12)具有很好的绝热性能，其保温御寒性能出众；根据GB/T 5453-1997纺织品织物透气性的测定测试透气指数为13000g/m2/24h，具有很好的透气透湿性，具有极佳的穿着体验；购买了市面三种气凝胶衣服与本发明二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服进行了对照组实验见表2
疏水角度检测报告数据：
表1
Figure BDA0003172870550000071
Figure BDA0003172870550000081
表2
Figure BDA0003172870550000082

Claims (10)

1.二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服由外到内由最外层主体(A)、次外层主体(B)、次内层主体(C)和内衬层主体(D)组成；
次外层主体(B)与次内层主体(C)组成功能主体(E)；
功能主体(E)内侧和外侧设有突触(G)，内衬层主体(D)的领口、袖口内侧、衣摆最下端设有两圈突触(G)；
所述次外层主体(B)与次内层主体(C)的腋下、脖子、后背、前胸、腰部位置处开设网状气孔(M)，并用银纤维菱形格抗辐射布料进行覆盖；
所述最外层主体(A)由疏水抗污材料制成；
所述次外层主体(B)的制备方法如下：
将填料粉体、二氧化硅气凝胶粉体和红外遮光剂混合，以100-500r/min的转速粉碎5-10min，然后再以1000-2500r/min的转速粉碎5-20min，得到50-200目的混合物，混合物中红外遮光剂的质量含量为2％-10％、二氧化硅气凝胶粉体的质量含量为80％-90％、填料粉体的质量含量为2％-10％，通过P(E)T无纺布压制成厚度为3mm，即得次外层主体(B)；
所述次内层主体(C)设有纽扣电池槽(F)及开关(K)，纽扣电池槽(F)及开关(K)位于衣袖侧面的肩膀处(I)，纽扣电池槽(F)与涤纶纱线和碳纳米管复合柔性发热丝(H)连接，复合柔性发热丝(H)位于二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服的前面和后面。
2.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述最外层主体(A)、功能主体(E)和内衬层主体(D)之间可拆卸。
3.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述次外层主体(B)与次内层主体(C)通过缝制的方式连接到一起组成功能主体(E)，最外层主体(A)和内衬层主体(D)通过突触(G)与功能主体(E)粘合在一起。
4.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述突触(G)的材质为橡胶及硅胶中的一种或两种的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述突触(G)的体积为小米粒大小。
6.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述涤纶纱线和碳纳米管复合的柔性发热丝，采用超薄海藻纤维无纺布进行包覆。
7.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述疏水抗污材料为锦纶混纺纳米交织物、聚氨基甲酸酯纤维混纺纳米交织物、醋酯纤维与锦纶的复合丝纳米面料中一种或其中几种的组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述填料粉体为气相三氧化二铝、气相白炭黑及膨胀珍珠岩的一种或其中几种的组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述红外遮光剂为纳米碳化硅粉、六钛酸钾晶须、钛白粉、炭黑、硅酸锆及氧化锆的一种或其中几种的组合。
10.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服，其特征在于所述内衬层主体(D)由醋酸长丝混纺人造丝、锦纶混纺及交织物、苎麻织物、亚麻织物及棉麻混纺面料中的一种或其中几种的组合。
CN202110823820.0A 2021-07-21 2021-07-21 二氧化硅气凝胶复合绝热衣服 Pending CN113397233A (zh)

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