CN113396877A

CN113396877A - Method for preventing and treating codling moth in Xinjiang area

Info

Publication number: CN113396877A
Application number: CN202110817914.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 努尔古丽·马坎; 梁赢; 古丽娜·再努拉; 刘爱华; 孔婷婷
Original assignee: Forest Ecological Research Institute Xinjiang Academy Of Forestry
Current assignee: Forest Ecological Research Institute Xinjiang Academy Of Forestry
Priority date: 2021-07-20
Filing date: 2021-07-20
Publication date: 2021-09-17

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling codling moth in Xinjiang area, belonging to the technical field of insect prevention and control. The invention basically clears the occurrence rule and the damage characteristics of codling moth in the Xinjiang forest fruit producing area through the research on the biological characteristics of codling moth, provides a control method of codling moth in Xinjiang area by combining the summary of field control practical experience, and carries out artificial control, physical control, biological control and chemical control according to the occurrence rule and the biological characteristics of codling moth in Xinjiang area. The invention can effectively prevent and control codling moth in Xinjiang area by comprehensive prevention and control measures, reduces the harm of the pests to forest and fruit industry in Xinjiang area, and lays a good foundation for scientific prevention and control of codling moth in future.

Description

Method for preventing and treating codling moth in Xinjiang area

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of insect control, and particularly relates to a control method of codling moth in Xinjiang area.

Background

Codling moth (Cydia Pomonella (L.)) belongs to Lepidoptera Lepidotera, Tortricidae, Tortricidae Olethretinae and Cydia, is a worldwide quarantine pest, is listed as a plant quarantine dangerous pest by China and many countries, and also belongs to supplement forestry quarantine pests in the Uyghur autonomous region of Xinjiang. The insect is originally produced in south of continental Eurasia, is widely distributed in apple producing areas of various countries in the world, is a destructive insect which mainly damages apple trees, pear trees, peach trees, apricot trees, badam trees and other fruit trees, and rampant damage of codling moth becomes a great obstacle influencing sustainable development of forest and fruit industry of various countries. The serious damage of the insect is firstly discovered in the Xinjiang area in 50 years of the 20 th century in China. Codling moth eaten by young insects on fruits and seeds of apples, pears, peaches, apricots, almonds and the like often causes a large amount of insect damage to the fruits and leads to shedding and rotting of the fruits before the fruits are mature. The fruit decay rate is up to 51.6 percent on average, which causes that a great deal of immature fruits drop off, greatly influences the quality and yield of the fruits and can cause the fruits to lose the edible value in serious cases. In recent years, the emergence of codling moth in the forest area of Xinjiang is getting more and more serious, although the prevention and control strength is increased, the fruit-boring rate of part of orchards is still high, and great loss and great threat are caused to the production and development of the fruit industry of Xinjiang forest. At present, the occurrence area of codling moth in the fruit producing area of Xinjiang forest is as high as 17.61 mu, and the fruit-eating rate is up to 75-88%. Because the unique ecology and climate of Xinjiang and the hazard period and biological characteristics of codling moth are different from those of inland, the technical problem to be solved in the field is to provide a method for preventing and controlling codling moth, which is suitable for Xinjiang area and has good prevention effect.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling codling moth in Xinjiang area, which can effectively prevent and control codling moth in Xinjiang area and reduce the harm of the pests to forest and fruit industry in Xinjiang area.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling codling moth in Xinjiang area, which carries out artificial prevention and control according to the occurrence rule and biological characteristics of codling moth in Xinjiang areaPhysical control, biological control and chemical control; the physical control comprises: trapping and killing adults by using an insect killing lamp from late 4 to late 9 months, wherein the setting density of the insect killing lamp is 1-1.33 hm²1, the height of the insecticidal lamp is higher than the crown of the fruit tree; the eclosion period of the imagoes is enhanced to prevent and control the imagoes.

Preferably, the physical control further comprises: in 10 months to 3 months next year, under the trunk branch of the tree, grass or cloth is tied, larvae are lured and killed regularly.

Preferably, the artificial control comprises: enhancing field management, and removing facilities which can provide overwintering places for codling moths in the fields at any time; and maintaining the tree body before the flower bud is expanded in early spring.

Preferably, the tree body maintenance comprises the steps of removing cracks of fruit trees, filling tree holes, scraping off bark and whitening the trunk.

Preferably, the biological control comprises at least one of: releasing eggs of the codling moth parasitized by the trichogramma in the larval stage of the codling moth; trapping and killing male moths by using sex pheromone of the budworms; and trapping and killing the imagoes by using a black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid.

Preferably, the larval stage of the codling moth is 5 to 8 middle and late months.

Preferably, the method for trapping and killing the male moths by using the sex pheromone of the cardiotropium comprises the following steps:

the lure containing 0.1mg of the sex pheromone is transversely tied on a container, water and kerosene are filled in the container, and the container is placed at a crotch with the height of 1.2-1.8 m and is continuously used for 2 months.

Preferably, the chemical control comprises: spraying chemical agents for 2-3 times before the eggs hatch from the initial stage to the 1 st larva eat fruits, wherein the spraying interval period is 5-7 days.

Preferably, the chemical agents include organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates.

Preferably, the adult emergence period includes from last 4 to last 5 and from last 8 to last 9.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention discloses a method for preventing and treating codling moth in Xinjiang area by researching the biological characteristics of codling moth, combining field prevention and treatment practices, carrying out artificial prevention and treatment, physical prevention and treatment, biological prevention and treatment and chemical prevention and treatment according to the generation rule and the biological characteristics of codling moth in Xinjiang area, effectively preventing and treating codling moth in Xinjiang area by comprehensive prevention and control measures, reducing the damage of the pests to the forest and fruit industry in Xinjiang area, and laying a good foundation for scientific prevention and treatment of codling moth in the future.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling codling moth in Xinjiang area, which carries out artificial prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control according to the occurrence rule and biological characteristics of codling moth in Xinjiang area; the physical control comprises: trapping and killing adults by using an insect killing lamp from late 4 to late 9 months, wherein the setting density of the insect killing lamp is 1-1.33 hm²1, the height of the insecticidal lamp is higher than the crown of the fruit tree; the eclosion period of the imagoes is enhanced to prevent and control the imagoes.

The invention carries out systematic observation and research aiming at the occurrence hazard and biological characteristics of codling moth in the production area of Xinjiang forest fruits from 2018, and simultaneously, surveys the hazard and fruit decay rates of various insect-state development stages and different fruit trees by adopting a method of combining standard timing fixed-point observation and field acquisition. The research finds the occurrence rule of codling moth in Xinjiang area, and the biological characteristics are as follows: codling moth occurs for 1-3 generations in Xinjiang area in 1 year. The larva is harmed by taking food between phloem and xylem, and the mature larva is used for cocoon overwintering in the bark, cracks, tree holes, fruit cellar and fruit basket gaps of the trunk. Overwintering larvae successively pupate in the first middle of 4 months in the next year, adult eclosion peak periods are set in the first middle of 4 months to the first middle of 5 months, full-season larvae of 1 and 2 generations respectively occur in the first middle of 5 months to the second middle of 8 months, the larvae also take on two peak periods of fruit-eaten larvae, larval harm fruit-off periods are set in the first 6 th to the first 8 th months, adult eclosion periods are set in the second 3 rd generations in the first 8 th to the second 9 th months, and adults can be seen from the second 4 th to the first 9 th months, so that the spawning periods and the larval periods are not regular. The insects enter xylem after eclosion to 10 months, and female adults seriously damage fruits, leaves and tender branch cortex in the oviposition process, especially the larvae seriously damage the fruits, thereby influencing the quality and yield of the fruits.

In the invention, the insecticidal lamp is preferably a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, adults are trapped and killed by the frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, and population density is reduced for prevention and control. In the invention, the arrangement density of the insecticidal lamp is preferably 1.1-1.23 hm²1 piece of tea leaves are distributed in a chessboard or closed loop manner, and the more preferable range is 1.2-1.22 hm²The height of the insecticidal lamp is higher than the crown of the fruit tree. The eclosion period of the adult insects preferably comprises 4 to 5 and 8 to 9 last ten days of the month. The codling moth takes 1-3 generations in Xinjiang, overwintering is carried out by eggs and larvae, the emergence period of overwintering generation imagoes is serious, and particularly, the larvae eat various fruits and seeds to cause a large number of insect pests and fruits and cause the fruits to fall off and rot before ripening, so that the enhancement of the control by the emergence period of the imagoes in the control strategy is an important period for preventing and reducing the damage of the imagoes.

In the present invention, the physical control preferably further comprises 10 months to 3 months in the next year, under the trunk branches of the trees, tying grass or cloth, trapping larvae, and periodically killing. The invention utilizes the habit of the mature larva submerging under the bark of the tree to make cocoon and pupate, selects 10 months to 3 months next year, and binds grass or breaks cloth under the trunk branch according to the specific condition of tree form (upright or creeping), thereby attracting and collecting the larva. The regular killing according to the invention is preferably 1 check every 10d, wherein the larvae or pupae are killed.

In the present invention, the artificial control preferably includes: enhancing field management, and removing facilities which can provide overwintering places for codling moths in the fields at any time; and maintaining the tree body before the flower bud is expanded in early spring. The invention has no special limitation on the type of facilities for providing the overwintering place for the codling moth, and comprises insect fruits, fallen fruits, abandoned fruit boxes in the garden, waste wood piles, abandoned chemical fertilizer bags, weed and shrubs and the like. The preferable tree body maintenance of the invention comprises the steps of removing cracks of the fruit tree body, filling tree holes, scraping off bark, and then performing trunk whitewashing.

In the present invention, the biological control preferably includes at least one of: releasing eggs of the codling moth parasitized by the trichogramma in the larval stage of the codling moth; trapping and killing male moths by using sex pheromone of the budworms; and trapping and killing the imagoes by using a black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid.

In the invention, the biological control means that natural enemy biological control technology is fully utilized to control codling moth, thereby reducing fruit drop and rotten rate of fruits, promoting production and income increase of Xinjiang forest and fruit industry and improving economic income. The natural enemy insects in the larval stage of the codling moth egg pupae are more, the natural enemy insects mainly comprise parasitic bees such as birds, spiders, beetles, hornets, ichneumon fly, trichogramma, hornets and the like, and the natural parasitic rate of the natural enemy insects is higher. In the invention, the larval stage of the codling moth is preferably from the middle and last of 5 months to the middle and last of 8 months.

The type of the cardiotropha sex pheromone is not particularly limited, and the conventional cardiotropha sex pheromone in the field can be adopted. In the invention, when the method for trapping and killing the male moths by adopting the sex pheromone of the cardiotropha, the method preferably comprises the following steps: the lure containing 0.1mg of the sex pheromone is transversely tied on a container, water and kerosene are filled in the container, and the container is placed at a crotch with the height of 1.2-1.8 m and is continuously used for 2 months. The specific mode of the lure core transverse-binding is not particularly limited, in the specific embodiment of the invention, 1 iron wire penetrates through the lure core and is transversely bound on a container, the amount of water in the container is more than that of kerosene, and the placement height of the container is preferably 1.4-1.6 m, and more preferably 1.5 m.

In the present invention, the chemical control preferably includes: spraying chemical agents for 2-3 times before the eggs hatch from the initial stage to the 1 st larva eat fruits, wherein the spraying interval period is 5-7 days. The invention finds that the emergence period of the codling moth overwintering generation imagoes is more concentrated, and because newly hatched larvae have weaker resistance to insecticides, correct control time is selected, and the application of the insecticide is carried out before 1-instar larvae eat fruits at the early stage of egg hatching, preferably in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, which is suitable for local actual conditions to carry out chemical agent system control. The source of the chemical agent in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any commercially available product that is conventional in the art may be used. In the present invention, the chemical agents preferably include organic phosphorus-based agents, pyrethroids, carbamates, which are highly effective, low in residue and harmless. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the organophosphorus medicaments comprise chlorpyrifos-methyl and oryzophos, the pyrethroid comprises 2.5% of beta-cypermethrin, the carbamate comprises carbaryl, a muslim, abamectin, chlorbenzuron No. 3, emamectin benzoate, Dupont oderm and the like, and the spraying interval period is 5-7 d, so that the number of the overwintering insect population can be effectively reduced, and the damage degree of the pests can be prevented or alleviated.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Investigation of various insect states

2018, a fixed standard place is established in an orchard with severe damage of Althera army codling moth in Shache county, Xinjiang in 2019, 20 sample strains are randomly selected in the standard place, the pest situation is systematically investigated at fixed time and fixed point, on the basis, withered wood and weak wood eaten by larvae are randomly cut in the standard place, the withered wood and the weak wood are sawed into small wood blocks of 1m, the wood blocks are split along the grain, all the larvae, pupae, eclosion imago and parasitic situations in the xylem are found out, meanwhile, the small wood blocks with the live larvae are taken back to the room for regular observation, and the hatching situation is recorded. Observing in standard place and indoor every day after the adult codling moth is first seen, counting the emergence and exit conditions of the adult, recording the emergence initial stage, the full stage, the final stage and the like of the adult, and continuously observing the conditions of feeding, mating, grooving and laying eggs and the like of the adult to the host tree species indoors. The life history of codling moth is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 History table of codling moth

Remarking: "-" larvae, ". O" pupae, "+" adults, ". egg," (-) -overwintering larvae, "(. egg).

As can be seen from the above table, 1-3 generations occur in 1 year in the forest region of Xinjiang, part of larvae in the 1 st generation have diapause phenomenon, the 1 st generation of the part of individuals can be completed only by 1 year, generally 2 generations can be completed in 1 year, and some larvae can also develop to the 3 rd generation, and the larvae eat food between the phloem and the xylem and are damaged, so that the mature insects grow through the winter in the cracks of trunk bark, bark cracks, tree holes, fruit cellars, fruit basket gaps and gaps at branches of main branches. A large amount of eclosion in the first 4 th month, a peak period in the middle 4 th month, a late stage of eclosion in the middle 5 th month, and an overwintering generation moth-developing period from the first 4 th month to the last 5 th month, wherein the occurrence amount is the largest and the duration is long. The 1 st generation adult eclosion period is from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the middle and last ten days of 6 months, the number of adults is small, and the eclosion period is concentrated. The eclosion period of the adult insects of generation 2 is from the first to the middle and the last of month 7 to 8, and is also two peak periods of fruit decay, the number of the adult insects is obviously more than that of the first generation, and the duration is also long. The 3 rd generation adult eclosion period is from the last 8 th to the last 9 th, adults can be seen from the last 4 th to the last 9 th, and the spawning period and the larval period are not regular. And the other part of the fruits continue to eat and damage until cocoons are made and overwinter in a storage place after harvesting. No obvious discontinuous period exists among the imagoes of each generation, which indicates that the generation is overlapped.

According to observation, eggs, larvae and pupae of codling moth live in concealed trunks, are slightly influenced by external factors, have overlapped generations, appear in various insect states at the same time, and have complex life history. The climate difference of south and north Xinjiang is large, the damage status of codling moth of south and north Xinjiang is affected by the climate difference, and the biological characteristics of different regions are different.

Example 2

Fruit tree moth rate investigation

In 9 months in 2019, 6 representative standard places are selected in orchards damaged by codling moths of different fruit trees in Althera county, Cyantra canensis is adopted to carry out fruit-boring rate investigation on the number of the damaged strains of the codling moths in the standard places in a random sampling mode, 3 fruit trees such as apples, apricots, peaches, pears, badam and the like are taken at each point, 25 fruits are selected from each strain in 4 directions of east, south, west and north, 100 fruits are investigated in total for each strain, the fruit-boring number is recorded, and the fruit-boring rate of each sample party is counted. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 survey table of the damage degree of codling moth to different fruit trees

As can be seen from the above table, codling moth mainly damages the species of the Rosaceae trees in Xinjiang, wherein the apple, apricot and pear are more serious damages, and the peach and badam are less damages.

Example 3

The codling moth can be prevented and controlled in an Artherm Xiangxiang apple orchard in Shache county, Xinjiang in 2018.

Enhancing field management, removing insect fruits and fallen fruits at any time, and removing all the waste fruit boxes, waste wood piles, waste chemical fertilizer bags, weed and shrubs and the like in the garden, which can provide a facility for the codling moth to live through the winter; before the flower bud is expanded in early spring, the crack of the fruit tree body is removed, the tree hole is filled, the bark is scraped, and then the trunk is whitewashed.

Placing a frequency vibration type insect killing lamp at the position higher than the crown of the fruit tree from late 4 months to late 9 months for trapping and killing adults, wherein the setting density of the insect killing lamp is 1hm²1, the raw materials are distributed in a chessboard manner;

spraying chlorpyrifos-methyl 2 times before the 1 st larva damages fruits (in the middle and late ten days of 4 months) in the early hatching period of the codling moth eggs, and spraying for 5 days at the pesticide spraying interval.

In the middle and late 5-8 months, the eggs and the larvae of the codling moth parasitized by the trichogramma are released. Before the larvae of codling moth pupate, selecting sunny weather with low wind power and temperature of 20-30 ℃, pulling out the test tube tampon when trichogramma is released, placing the test tube at the root of the tree or sleeving the tube opening on the small branch of the tree in an inclined way, and automatically climbing out of the test tube to search the eggs and larvae of the host codling moth, wherein the number of the trichogramma in each tube in the test tube is 20-30. The prevention and control situation is investigated, the pest-damage rate of codling moth is reduced from 55% to 36%, and the lethality of trichogramma to codling moth larvae can reach 46% -62%. The lethality of the trichogramma released alone to codling moth is 18% -26%, which shows that the trichogramma released has obvious control effect on the codling moth larvae.

In the period from 10 months to 3 months in the next year, under the trunk branch of the tree, the grass is tied, the larvae are induced and checked for 1 time every 10d, and the larvae or pupae are killed.

After the control method is adopted, the codling moth number in the atheroma apple orchard is reduced sharply, and the damage of the codling moth to apple trees in the apple orchard can be almost completely avoided.

Example 4

In 2019, sex pheromone trapping method is adopted in an Altherahu apple orchard in Shache county, Xinjiang.

The barrel-shaped trap is arranged at the ventilation position of the south, the outer edge of a crown or the trunk of a tree chamber is hung on an apple tree with the height of about 2m, and the heartworm attracting core is replaced once every 30 d. Each monitoring point hung 3 barrel traps, investigated moth luring volume every 2d and recorded results.

The investigation result shows that the first trapping of the overwintering codling moth imagoes in 2019 is 4 months and 2 days. The emergence number of the codling moth adults tends to rise overall in the early 4 months, particularly the emergence number is increased obviously from 4 months to 8 days later, wherein the trapping amount is the most in 4 months and 14 days, and reaches 3.78 heads per trap. The number of emergence was reduced from 4 months and 16 days to 4 months and 14 days, and was 2.82 heads/trap. The sex pheromone trapping method can reduce the number of codling moths by more than 80 percent.

The egg laying peak stage is after the eclosion of the adult for 6 days, namely the egg laying peak stage is before and after 4 months and 20 days after the eclosion of the overwintering generation adult; and the average temperature of the day of Alehlerxiang in Shache county in the last ten days of 4 months is 19.17 ℃, the temperature of the development starting point of the egg is met according to an effective accumulated temperature rule, the development history period of the egg is calculated to be 6.8d, the incubation peak period of the larva is in 27 days of 4 months, in order to prevent the newly incubated larva from entering the fruit to eat and damage, and the medicament is adopted for preventing and treating in 20-27 days of 4 months.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling codling moth in Xinjiang area is characterized in that according to the occurrence rule and biological characteristics of codling moth in Xinjiang area, artificial prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control are carried out; the physical control comprises: trapping and killing adults by using an insect killing lamp from late 4 to late 9 months, wherein the setting density of the insect killing lamp is 1-1.33 hm²1, the height of the insecticidal lamp is higher than the crown of the fruit tree; the eclosion period of the imagoes is enhanced to prevent and control the imagoes.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the physical control further comprises: in 10 months to 3 months next year, under the trunk branch of the tree, grass or cloth is tied, larvae are lured and killed regularly.

3. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial control includes: enhancing field management, and removing facilities which can provide overwintering places for codling moths in the fields at any time; and maintaining the tree body before the flower bud is expanded in early spring.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the tree maintenance includes removing cracks of fruit trees, filling holes, scraping off bark, and whitening the trunk.

5. The method of controlling according to claim 1, wherein the biological control comprises at least one of: releasing eggs of the codling moth parasitized by the trichogramma in the larval stage of the codling moth; trapping and killing male moths by using sex pheromone of the budworms; and trapping and killing the imagoes by using a black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the larval stage of codling moth is 5 to 8 middle and late months.

7. A control method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the method for trapping and killing male moths by using sex pheromone of budworm is as follows: the lure containing 0.1mg of the sex pheromone is transversely tied on a container, water and kerosene are filled in the container, and the container is placed at a crotch with the height of 1.2-1.8 m and is continuously used for 2 months.

8. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical control comprises: spraying chemical agents for 2-3 times before the eggs hatch from the initial stage to the 1 st larva eat fruits, wherein the spraying interval period is 5-7 days.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the chemical agent comprises an organophosphate, pyrethroid, or carbamate.

10. The method for controlling according to claim 1, wherein the adult emergence period includes 4 to 5 last and 8 to 9 last.