CN113396847B - Method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs and application of method - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs and application of method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113396847B CN113396847B CN202110781851.4A CN202110781851A CN113396847B CN 113396847 B CN113396847 B CN 113396847B CN 202110781851 A CN202110781851 A CN 202110781851A CN 113396847 B CN113396847 B CN 113396847B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mangrove ecological restoration, and provides a method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs. According to the invention, the blue crab density is ensured by limiting the blue crab activity range through the purse net, and the piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is arranged to facilitate the blue crab settlement, so that a biological prevention and control method for regulating and controlling the fixation organisms of the mangrove forest by the blue crab is formed, the afforestation survival rate of the mangrove forest is improved, the ecological carbon sink capacity of the mangrove forest is enhanced, and a feasible way is provided for realizing carbon neutralization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mangrove ecological restoration, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs and application thereof.
Background
Mangrove is a higher plant community growing in tidal zones of tropical and subtropical coasts and intertidal zones, has high ecological service function value, and comprises the steps of maintaining biodiversity, preventing waves and fixing the coast, resisting tsunami and typhoons, degrading pollution, regulating regional climate and the like, wherein the carbon fixing effect is quite remarkable. At present, carbon neutralization becomes a global research hotspot, and a great deal of funds are actively invested in China to build mangrove forests and restore ecological functions of the mangrove forests, so that the carbon fixation effect of the mangrove forests is effectively exerted, and the ecological carbon sink capacity is improved. However, manual recovery of mangrove still faces a plurality of problems, and the lack of suitable forests and beaches is the greatest difficulty, and most areas to be recovered are difficult beaches for low-elevation forestation. However, sessile organisms have serious damage to mangrove seedlings, especially barnacles, which is a key factor of low forestation preservation rate in low elevation beach areas.
Sessile organisms often cause damage to the skin of the young shoots of plants, causing malnutrition in the seedlings; the sessile biological shell is heavy, and after the individual grows up, the branch and even the trunk can be crushed, so that a large amount of new forests growing for 1-3 years die, and natural expansion of the natural forests is limited. Scientists have developed a large amount of work to the clearance of barnacle, and through the data summarization, according to the operation mode of clearing the barnacle, mainly fall into following 3 major categories:
(1) And (3) directly removing by manpower, namely directly knocking out barnacles by using tools such as hammers, shovels and sickles during deliquescence. The method is simple to operate, does not have secondary influence on the environment, but the removal process is easy to cause slight mechanical damage to mangrove plants, and is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and frequent operation is needed especially in areas with serious barnacles. The working unit price in coastal areas is high, the mangrove forest area is severe in environment and short in daily working time, and the forestation cost of the artificial mangrove forest is greatly improved, so that the feasibility of the method is extremely low.
(2) Chemical prevention and control, namely, chemical pesticides (such as dimethoate, dichlorvos, malathion, benomyl and the like) are directly sprayed on barnacles or added into paint to be uniformly mixed and coated on the barnacles. The method is simple to operate, has good immediate effect, has no mechanical damage to mangrove plants, has lower labor cost than direct removal, and has serious influence on animals in mangrove areas by pesticides. In addition, the sprayed pesticide is taken away by periodical tidal water, so that not only is the barnacle control effect gradually weakened, but also secondary pollution is formed to the surrounding environment; on the other hand, for some individuals, larger barnacles or higher density fixation areas, the medicament cannot penetrate into the body of the insect to die due to the protection of the housing. In view of the scouring of seawater, the seawater needs to be used for a large number of times to ensure the control effect, but the seawater is polluted, so that the survival of other organisms is at great risk. The method is not popularized any more, and the method is more cautious to use especially in urban edge densely populated areas. Although other researches show that the plant extract can be used for replacing pesticides for control, the method is limited to an indoor poisoning experiment stage, field control is not carried out, and a circulating control method is lacked.
(2) Biological methods control, i.e., using organisms (including animals, plants, microorganisms, etc.) to gnaw, interfere, clear, etc. barnacles on mangrove plants, thereby slowing down or eliminating the damage of barnacles to mangrove forests. The following 4 modes are summarized according to the related data:
1) Mangrove is defensive, and mangrove tree species with defensive action on barnacles, such as petaloless mulberry, are selected during artificial forestation, and the tree diameters of the mangrove tree species grow faster so that the sessile barnacles and barks fall off together. The method is simple and effective, but mangrove forests generally grow slowly, selectable tree species are few, and the risk of large biological invasion exists when exotic species are used.
2) Different plants are mixed, such as mangrove and salt grass, and the salt grass is used for preventing barnacles from fixing the mangrove. The method is safe, but different types have certain ecological niche difference, and can be used only when meeting the requirements, so that the application range of the method is severely limited.
3) Microbial control, namely, barnacle control is performed by adopting artificially cultured fungi or natural extracted microbial agents, but the method is not popularized and used yet.
4) Animals are prevented and controlled, and the barnacles are gnawed by fishes, crabs and the like, so that the harm of the barnacles is weakened or eliminated, but the animal prevention and control method is not found in some animal feeding experiments.
The biological method regulation accords with ecological principles, is safe and reliable, has strong application prospect, but for the current research, an effective and generalized biological regulation method has not been researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs and application thereof, wherein the blue crabs are ensured to have density by limiting the activity range of the blue crabs through a purse net, and a piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is arranged to facilitate the settlement of the blue crabs, so that a biological prevention and control method for regulating and controlling the mangrove sessile organisms by using the blue crabs is formed, and the forestation survival rate of the mangrove is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs, which comprises the steps of performing purse net construction in a mangrove forestation area, installing a piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device, and throwing blue crabs; the piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is placed at an angle of 5-15 degrees with the surface of the beach.
Preferably, the upper edge of the purse net is always higher than the water surface, and the lower edge of the purse net is buried underground.
Preferably, the depth of the purse net is 8-15cm.
Preferably, a shielding object of 35-65cm is arranged at the position, close to the ground, of the purse net.
Preferably, the piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device comprises a pipe cap, a pipeline, a piston and a piston connecting rod, wherein the pipe cap is arranged at the bottom end of the pipeline, the piston connecting rod exposing the top end of the pipeline tethers the piston and places the piston at the bottom of the pipeline, and the wall of the pipeline is provided with a water permeable hole.
Preferably, the length of the pipeline is 75-100cm, and the inner diameter of the pipeline is 160-200mm.
Preferably, the piston type open intubated benthonic animal natural conservation device is arranged at the side of a natural or artificial tidal ditch of a mangrove forestation area.
Preferably, the piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is equivalent to the number of the put blue crabs, and 1-2 crabs in each conservation device are ensured.
Preferably, after the blue crabs are put in, if the fixation biological density of mangrove is not reduced, the putting quantity of the blue crabs is increased; after the blue crabs reach the harvesting specification, the blue crabs can be caught and kept small, and the quantity of the blue crabs can be ensured not to increase the sessile biological density.
The invention also provides application of the method in artificial mangrove forestation.
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs, which is characterized in that the activity range of the blue crabs is limited by a purse net to ensure the density of the blue crabs, and a piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is arranged to facilitate the settlement of the blue crabs, so that the labor cost is saved compared with a manual cleaning method. According to field experimental observation, the method disclosed by the invention can effectively prevent the blue crabs from escaping and is beneficial to promoting the settlement of the blue crabs; and the rate of the blue crabs for gnawing the mangrove forest fixture is improved, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate of the mangrove forest.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a field experimental device for removing mangrove forest fouling organisms by blue crabs;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a green crab gnawing a stained animal; wherein (1), (2) and (3) are marks left by green crab gnawing, (4) are barnacle fixation conditions of branches before an experiment, (5) are whole plant conditions after green crabs gnawing in the experimental process, and (6) are special-up of gnawing parts.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs, which comprises the steps of carrying out purse net construction in a mangrove forestation area, installing a piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device, and throwing blue crabs; the piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is placed at an angle of 5-15 degrees with the surface of the beach.
In the invention, the purse seine is highly preferably arranged according to tide height, so that the upper edge of the purse seine is always higher than the water surface. In the invention, the lower edge of the purse net is buried underground, the buried depth of the purse net is preferably 8-15cm, more preferably 10cm, and the buried depth can prevent the blue crabs from digging holes and escaping. In the invention, the shielding object is arranged near the ground of the purse net, and the height of the shielding object is preferably 35-65cm, more preferably 40-60cm. The material of the shielding object is not particularly limited in the present invention, and in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the shielding object is preferably a PP board or a bamboo raft. The shielding object can prevent mice and other animals from biting the purse seine to obtain the edge of the seine, and prevent the blue crabs from escaping. In the invention, the purse net is fixed by net piles, and the spacing between the net piles is preferably 4.5-5.5m, more preferably 5m. In the invention, the mesh size of the purse net is not particularly limited, and the blue crabs can be prevented from escaping. The invention has no special requirements on the materials of the purse net or the net pile, and the purse net or the net pile is conventionally selected according to the cost and the convenience.
In the invention, the piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is preferably placed at an angle of 5-15 degrees, more preferably at an angle of 10 degrees, to the beach surface. The piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is installed and placed, so that the normal growth and movement of the blue crabs can be ensured, and the colonisation rate of the blue crabs is improved. The invention discloses a piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device, which adopts the piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device in an authorized bulletin No. CN103053451B and comprises a pipe cap, a pipeline, a piston and a piston connecting rod, wherein the pipe cap is arranged at the bottom end of the pipeline, the piston connecting rod exposing the top end of the pipeline tethers the piston and places the piston at the bottom of the pipeline, and the wall of the pipeline is provided with a water permeable hole. In the present invention, the length of the pipe is preferably 75 to 100cm, more preferably 80cm, and the inner diameter of the pipe is preferably 160 to 200mm, more preferably 160mm. In the invention, the inner diameter of the pipe cap is preferably 160-200mm, more preferably 160mm; the inner diameter of the piston is preferably 135-155mm, more preferably 150mm.
In the invention, the piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is arranged at the side of a natural or artificial tidal ditch in a mangrove forestation area. In the invention, the piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is equivalent to the quantity of the put blue crabs, and each conservation device is ensured to be 1 blue crab; after the blue crabs are put in, if the fixation biological density of mangrove is not reduced, the putting quantity of the blue crabs is increased. In the invention, after the blue crabs reach the harvesting specification, the blue crabs are caught and kept in a small size; the green crab harvesting specification is preferably that the green crab weight is more than or equal to 300 g/weight.
As another implementation mode, the number of the blue crabs put in the piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is 2 times that of the piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device, each conservation device is 2 blue crabs, and at the moment, the blue crabs put in the piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device are female and male.
In the invention, the background investigation is preferably included before the purse net construction, and the investigation factors are preferably tidal height, substrate, hydrodynamic force, water salinity, artificial interference and sea-floating garbage. According to the invention, the height of the purse net, the distance between net piles, the burying depth and the like are set according to background investigation conditions, and a cleaning scheme of the sea-floating garbage is prepared, so that the purse net collapse caused by the overweight garbage is avoided.
The invention also provides application of the method in artificial mangrove forestation, wherein the application comprises the step of regulating and controlling the mangrove forests by using the method. In the invention, after blue crabs are put in, if the mangrove fixation matters are removed cleanly or kept at a lower density for a long time, the regulation and control effect is good, and the regulation and control are not needed after 3 years of forestation.
The invention is further illustrated in the following examples, which are all commercially available in the art.
Example 1
Performing field experiments in an experimental area (108 DEG 14 '31' E,21 DEG 37 '7' N) in a pearl bay of a national level natural protection area of the Guangbei river mouth in 10-11 months 2020, wherein the autumn eggplant in the experimental area is recovered by inserting embryo axes in 2016 years, and the average height of 21 plants is 95.0cm; the tung flower tree is naturally recovered, and survives 43 plants, and the average height is 67.4cm.
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
1) Purse net construction
And (3) building a net cage for preventing blue crabs from escaping in the mangrove recovery forest, wherein the net cage is 5m long, 2m wide and 4m high, bamboo poles are used as frames, and polyvinyl chloride purse nets with the mesh diameters of 2.5cm are used for surrounding the frames. In addition, bamboo grids with the height of 60cm are arranged at the bottom of the purse net, and 10cm of the purse net is buried underground.
2) Installation of piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device
5 piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation devices are arranged in soil in the net cage, the piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation devices are made of PVC pipes, the lengths of the pipes are 80cm, the inner diameters of the pipes are 160mm, the pipes are placed at 10 degrees with mud flat, and the concrete installation mode is shown in figure 1.
3) Blue crab throwing in
Before blue crabs are put in, numbering all seedlings in an experimental net cage, photographing, observing and recording fixation positions of stained animals, and measuring fixation heights, individual sizes and counting numbers of the stained animals;
5 adult crabs are respectively put into the 5 piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation devices on the 10 th month and the 20 th year in 2020, the average weight is 360g/ind, 5 adult crabs are respectively put into the 5 piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation devices on the 11 th month and the 5 th year in 2020, the average weight is 358g/ind, and the colonisation condition of the blue crabs is observed by gnawing every 3 days. After one month (day 11 and 19), the number of fouled animals remaining on all the marked seedlings was counted and photographed.
Example 2
The experimental place and experimental method were the same as in example 1, the only difference being that: 10 medium crabs are respectively put into 10 piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation devices, the average weight is 200g/ind, each crab nest is guaranteed, and after 8 days, the number of the residual stained animals on all marked nursery stocks is counted and photographed.
And (3) data processing:
according to the field photo figure 2, whether the blue crabs gnaw the fouling organisms or not is determined, and the Excel is used for carrying out statistical treatment on the measured data.
Analysis of results
Ecological characteristics of fouling organisms: the barnacles on the Kandelia candel branches are distributed to 109cm (the height of the plant is 118 cm), more than 95% of the seedlings are distributed to more than half of the height of the seedlings by the barnacles, and more than 50% of the seedlings are distributed to more than 75% of the height of the seedlings by the barnacles. The barnacles on the tree trunks of the tung flowers are distributed to 108cm at most (the height of the plant is 122 cm), all the seedlings are distributed to more than half of the height of the seedlings by the barnacles, and more than 35% of the seedlings are distributed to more than 75% of the height of the seedlings by the barnacles. The diameter of barnacles on the seedling branches is 0.4-0.7 cm, and the diameter of oyster is 0.4-2 cm. The average density of barnacle fixation is 45.3 ind/plant, up to 188 ind/plant; the average density of oyster fixation is 0.6 ind/plant, and the number of oyster fixation is 1-6 ind/plant.
Green crab colonisation status: the death and escape of the blue crabs do not occur in the whole experiment process. The piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is occupied by blue crabs most of the time, and one piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device settles 1-2 blue crabs, and if 2 blue crabs are female and male.
The species of animal being gnawed and stained: the trace of the barnacle and oyster on the branch and the green crab is observed in the experimental process, and the barnacle and oyster on the red branch can be determined by the green crab in the field environment, specifically shown in fig. 2- (1), fig. 2- (2) and fig. 2- (3).
The feeding rate of the stained animals: the average speed of the adult crabs for gnawing the barnacles is 7.2 ind/day; the total amount of the adult crabs is 28 oysters, and 11 seedlings are cleared. The average speed of the medium crab for gnawing the barnacles is 4.9 ind/day; the blue crabs clear 12 oysters altogether, 7 seedlings of which are cleared.
According to the embodiment, the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs, the bamboo grating and purse net structure effectively prevents the blue crabs from escaping, and the piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is beneficial to promoting the settlement of the blue crabs; in natural environment, the green crabs gnaw the fixing organisms such as barnacles, oysters and the like on the mangrove seedlings, the average speed of the adult crabs gnawing the barnacles on the mangrove branches is 7.2 ind/crab days, the average speed of the medium crabs gnawing the barnacles on the mangrove branches is 4.5 ind/crab days, namely the method can effectively avoid the green crabs from escaping, promote the green crabs to colonize, and meanwhile, the speed of the green crabs gnawing the mangrove fixing matters is improved, the damage of the fixing organisms to the mangrove seedlings is reduced, and the afforestation survival rate of the mangrove is improved.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related arts are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for regulating and controlling mangrove sessile organisms by using blue crabs is characterized by comprising the steps of carrying out purse net construction in a mangrove forestation area, installing a piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device and throwing blue crabs; the piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is placed at an angle of 10 degrees with the surface of the beach;
the purse net construction is specifically as follows: building a net cage for preventing blue crabs from escaping in a mangrove forestation area, wherein the net cage takes bamboo poles as a frame, and surrounds the frame by using a purse net with the mesh diameter of 2.5 cm; a 60cm shielding object is arranged at the position, close to the ground, of the purse seine; the upper edge of the purse net is always higher than the water surface, and the lower edge of the purse net is buried underground; the embedded depth of the purse net is 10cm;
the piston type open cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device comprises a pipe cap, a pipeline, a piston and a piston connecting rod, wherein the pipe cap is arranged at the bottom end of the pipeline, the piston connecting rod exposing the top end of the pipeline tethers the piston and places the piston at the bottom of the pipeline, and water permeable holes are formed in the wall of the pipeline; the length of the pipeline is 80cm, and the inner diameter of the pipeline is 160mm;
the piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation device is equivalent to the number of the put blue crabs, and ensures 1-2 crabs per conservation device; the piston type open intubated benthonic animal natural conservation device is arranged at the side of a natural or artificial tidal canal of a mangrove forestation area;
the net cage is 5m long, 2m wide and 4m high, 5 piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation devices are put in, 5 adult crabs are added after 16 days, or 10 piston type open-cannula benthonic animal natural conservation devices are put in, and 10 medium crabs are put in;
after the blue crabs are put in, if the fixation biological density of mangrove is not reduced, the putting quantity of the blue crabs is increased; after the blue crabs reach the harvesting specification, the blue crabs are caught and remain small, and the quantity of the blue crabs is ensured not to increase the sessile biological density.
2. Use of the method of claim 1 in artificial mangrove forestation.
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