CN113395405B - Method for fusing implicit information of multi-source data - Google Patents
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- CN113395405B CN113395405B CN202110672040.0A CN202110672040A CN113395405B CN 113395405 B CN113395405 B CN 113395405B CN 202110672040 A CN202110672040 A CN 202110672040A CN 113395405 B CN113395405 B CN 113395405B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/50—Image enhancement or restoration by the use of more than one image, e.g. averaging, subtraction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32267—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations combined with processing of the image
- H04N1/32272—Encryption or ciphering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20212—Image combination
- G06T2207/20221—Image fusion; Image merging
Abstract
The invention provides a method for fusing implicit information of multi-source data, which can perform implicit fusion of information on multi-source images and data, does not change the data volume of the images, ensures that the fused images still look like common images and cannot see the data, but a legal receiver can extract other multi-source data from the fused image data in a lossless manner, can restore the image data with high quality according to preprocessed coded information, obviously improves the PSNR value, and can reach a typical value of 34dB-50 dB. The invention combines information hiding and multi-source data fusion for processing, the typical fusion capacity can reach 50%, the problem that the traditional fusion method is difficult to recover multi-source images and data with high quality is solved, and the method is suitable for various image data fusion transmission systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for fusing implicit information of multi-source data, in particular to a method for fusing and transmitting the multi-source data in an image, and belongs to the field of communication (such as data communication technology and the like).
Background
The multi-source information fusion is a theory and a method for reasonably using and processing multi-source information so as to comprehensively utilize the information. The key problem to be solved by the theories and the methods is to process multi-source information with similar or different characteristic modes so as to obtain timely, accurate and integrated fusion information. Information is disclosed in the traditional information fusion process, so that the traditional information fusion only considers 'visible' information (which can be called as explicit information fusion) and does not consider 'dark' information fusion (implicit fusion), so that the information fusion effect needs to be enhanced.
The traditional multi-source information fusion does not consider the problems of transmission and information retention of a plurality of sources (data such as images) and is mainly used for solving the problem that the information of each source is integrated in one source, the fused source is new data, partial information of other sources is contained, and the information of a single source is lost and cannot be recovered. However, in a satellite information fusion scene, while a plurality of source data (high-resolution image data, low-resolution image data, other data, etc.) on a satellite are fused, the quality of a plurality of main source images needs to be maintained, and particularly, under the condition that other sources are irrelevant data, the traditional information fusion method cannot complete a task.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, performs implicit information fusion by utilizing the characteristics of data preprocessing and information coding, has the characteristics of lossless recovery of fused multi-source data and high-quality recovery of image data, can perform implicit information fusion with fixed capacity and large capacity according to the preprocessing, cannot see the information after traditional fusion in the fused image, and can correctly recover the information by a legal receiver. The typical fusion capacity can reach 50 percent, between 12.5 percent and 50 percent, the PSNR is between 30dB and 50dB, and the typical value can reach 34dB to 50dB, so that the method is suitable for various original data fusion transmission systems.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for multi-source data implicit information fusion comprises the following steps:
(1) formatting the main image data A1, data A2, data A3;
arranging a2 and A3 as data a0, wherein the total data amount of a0 does not exceed 1/2 of the data amount of a main image a1, wherein a2 and A3 can be original data or encrypted data;
the main image data A1 is an L-bit (L ≧ 2) grayscale image, and the data A0 is data arranged in groups of K bits (K ≦ L/2).
(2) Preprocessing main image data A1 to obtain image data A and coding information S;
(3) hiding the data a0 and the encoding information S into the main image data a1 to obtain fused image data B;
(4) storing or transmitting the image data B;
(5) b, performing inverse processing on the fused image data B to obtain recovered data A0, and then performing lossless recovery to obtain A2 and A3;
(6) the redundant region of the fused image data B is processed based on the encoding information S, and restored image data a of the main image data a1 is obtained.
The specific steps of preprocessing the main image data a1 to obtain the image a and the encoding information S are as follows:
and setting the quantization bit number of the image A1 as L, when the total data volume of A0 is K/L (K is less than or equal to L/2) of the data volume of A1, performing bit-by-bit coding replacement on the low K bit of A1 according to the high K bit of A1, traversing 0-2^ K-1 states, obtaining 2^ K image data and obtaining 2^ K state bit values, finding out the maximum value of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of each image data and the original main image data A1, wherein the K state bit value corresponding to the maximum value is coding information S, and the corresponding image data is image data A.
The specific steps of hiding the a0 and the encoding information S into the main image data a1 to obtain the fused image data B are as follows:
replacing the lower K bits of the corresponding gray value of the main image data A1 with each K bit value of the data A0;
and replacing the K +1 th bit of the gray value of the K positions designated by the image data A1 by using the encoding information S of the K bits to obtain fused image data B.
The data A0 recovered according to the inverse processing of the fused image data B; further, the specific steps for recovering A2 and A3 without damage are as follows:
k bits of each gray value of the image data B are extracted to obtain data A0, and the data A0 is arranged according to A2 and A3 in an inverse process, so that A2 and A3 are recovered in a lossless mode.
The specific steps of processing the redundant area of the fused image data B according to the encoding information S to obtain the restored image a of the main image a1 are as follows:
and extracting the K +1 th bit of the gray value of the specified K positions in the image data B to obtain the coded information S, restoring the low K bits of the image data B according to a preprocessing method corresponding to the coded information S, and keeping other bits of the image data B unchanged to obtain restored image data A of the main image data A1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) at present, an image fused in data fusion is a new image, contains partial information of the image and other fused images, plays a role in image enhancement and the like, but cannot acquire original data correctly, and particularly cannot recover multisource data in a lossless manner. The invention can still be applied to color images and multispectral images which are converted into gray images, and is not limited to the gray images in application.
(2) In the conventional hiding method for replacing low-order information, if the information is a random number, the PSNR of a dense image (fused image) after the information is hidden 1/2 is generally only about 28dB and generally not more than 30dB, so the PSNR can only be the same after the fused image is received, and cannot be further improved. Compared with the original main image, the PSNR of the image fused by the general information fusion method is also not guaranteed because the traditional fusion method does not care about the recovery of the fused original data.
(3) The method provided by the invention performs information implicit fusion and recovery according to the preprocessing coding information of the data, and the typical fusion capacity can be between 12.5% and 50%. When the capacity reaches 50%, the implicit fusion information can be recovered without loss, and the recovered image quality is over 34 dB.
(4) The invention also hides the real high-quality image, the quality of the fused image is general, the high-quality image can be recovered by coding information, and the fused image has another level of hidden fusion property. After the original image and the data are obtained, information fusion processing in the traditional sense can be carried out, and the invention can be said to carry out fusion transmission of the security information before the traditional multi-source information fusion, thereby avoiding the defect that the traditional information fusion method can not adapt to irrelevant multi-sources.
(5) The information hiding method can be independently used, has the characteristics of large capacity and high quality, is obviously superior to the traditional LSB method, can improve the PSNR by 6dB, and can improve the PSNR more obviously even by 40dB, 50dB and infinity when the information is not random, and depends on the gray value release of a source image.
(6) The invention realizes unique implicit multisource information fusion by combining information hiding and fusion, solves the problem of source data lossless transmission (such as satellite-ground fusion transmission) which cannot be solved by the traditional method, expands the fusion function and greatly improves the practicability of information fusion. The invention realizes the transmission of a plurality of images in one image, which is equivalent to compression, reduces the transmission information amount and improves the transmission efficiency.
(7) The invention can realize the fusion of a plurality of images with the same size, if two images are subjected to implicit fusion, the second image is directly hidden in the first image by compressing 2 times according to the implicit fusion method of the invention, the PSNR of the original image can recover 35dB, and the PSNR of the second image can reach 2 times of compression quality, generally more than 45 dB. If the three images are subjected to implicit fusion, the second image and the third image are directly hidden in the first image by the implicit fusion method only by compressing the second image and the third image by 4 times, the PSNR of the original image can recover 35dB, and the PSNR of the second image and the third image can reach 4 times of compression quality, generally more than 40 dB. And (4) increasing the compression ratio of a plurality of images.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to solve the problem that original multi-source data cannot be restored with high quality after traditional information fusion. The main technical content is as follows: based on image data preprocessing and information hiding coding, the aim of multi-source data implicit information fusion is achieved.
The implicit information fusion is carried out by utilizing the characteristics of data preprocessing and coding, the image fusion method has the characteristics of high image recovery quality, multi-source data lossless recovery and total improvement of multi-source fusion recovery image quality, and can combine image data fusion and information hiding mailing according to data coding information and the limitation of greatly improving traditional LSB information hiding, thereby solving the technical problem which cannot be solved by traditional fusion.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to verify the performance of the algorithm proposed herein, 8-bit grayscale images a1 with a size of 512 × 512 and 256 × 256 × 8-bit images a2 and A3 were used in simulation experiments, and information fusion piggybacking transmission and recovery were performed by the method of the present invention.
(1) Formatting image a1(512 × 512 × 8 bits), image data a2, data A3; a2 and A3 are 256 × 256 × 8 bits in size, a2 and A3 are arranged as data a0, and a0 is a 4-bit 512 × 512 image;
(2) the image a1 is preprocessed, the quantization bit number of the image a1 is L (L is a positive integer, and the typical value is 8), and when the total data volume of the image a0 is 1/2(K is 4, and L is 8) of the data volume of the image a1, the low K bit (the typical value is 4) of the image a1 is encoded according to the following steps:
according to the high 4 bits of A1, carrying out bitwise coding replacement on the low 4 bits of A1, traversing 0-15 states, obtaining 16 kinds of image data and obtaining 16 kinds of 4-bit state bit values, finding out the maximum value of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of each image data and the original main image data A1, wherein the 4-bit state bit value corresponding to the maximum value is coding information S, and the corresponding image data is image data A.
The correspondence between the image and the coded information S (4 bits) in each state is shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 correspondence between coding information S and image preprocessing method
(3) Hiding A0 and coding information S into image A1 according to a prescribed method to obtain fused image B (512 x 8 bits);
the fusion was performed as follows:
replacing the lower 4 bits of the corresponding gray value of the image a1 with each 4-bit value of the data a 0;
the information S is encoded with K bits (typically 4), and the substitute image a1 specifies K +1 bits (typically 5) of the grayscale values at K (typically 4) positions, resulting in the fused image B.
(4) Storing or transmitting the image B;
(5) the restored data A0 are obtained through inverse processing according to the fused image B, and then A2 and A3 are restored in a lossless mode;
extracting K (typical value 4) bits of each gray value of the data B to obtain data A0, and restoring A2 and A3 in a lossless manner according to the inverse process of the synthesis method of the data A2 and A3 in the step 1;
(6) the redundant region of the fused image B is processed based on the encoded coding information S, and a restored image a of the image a1 is obtained.
Extracting the image B, appointing the K +1 bit (the typical value is 5) of the gray value of the K (the typical value is 4) position according to the corresponding A1 to obtain the coded information S, restoring the low K (the typical value is 4) bit of the image B according to the method corresponding to the coded information in the table 1, keeping the other bits of the image B unchanged, and obtaining the restored image A of the fused image B.
For the image with special comparison of the K bit or the image with similar change rule or consistent data conversion of the high bit, the recovered image quality is particularly high and ranges from 50dB to infinity. Because the encoding of the present invention covers these images, the conventional information hiding method can only recover the image PSNR up to about 30 dB. In order to improve the recovery quality of the fused image, the image a1 can be compressed by 4 times in advance, the PSNR is generally 45dB, 2 bits are occupied during implicit fusion, and the data to be fused is changed into 2 bits. Therefore, the image recovery PSNR after implicit fusion transmission is better than 45dB, other data are recovered without loss, and the information fusion capacity is between 1/8 and 4/8.
The invention provides a method for fusing multi-source data implicit information, which can fuse various data characteristics in image data, the fused image has certain characteristic concealment, the fused data volume is large, the original data can be recovered after fusion, and the defects of the traditional fusion method are overcome.
The method can realize multi-source implicit information fusion of any image (such as a bmp file), other data or data, the fusion capacity can reach K/L (L is more than or equal to 2, and K is less than or equal to L/2), the typical value of L is 8, and the typical value of the fusion capacity can reach 12.5-50%.
The PSNR typical value of the fused image and the original image can reach 34-50dB, and under special conditions, the PSNR typical value can reach any value between 50dB and infinity.
The invention directly uses the traditional low four-bit replacing method, the typical value of the image fusion PSNR is 28-30dB (random data hiding), when in transmission, the fusion image PSNR is similar to the traditional hiding method and plays a role of disguising, but the image with improved PSNR can be achieved according to the coding information when in recovery, and the PSNR can be improved by 6dB or even higher.
The fused data is reprocessed, so that the original image can be recovered, a better result is obtained, the normal transmission of the original image is not influenced while fusion is carried out, and the transmission requirement of a user is met. For images with low four-bit values which are consistent, the fused PSNR can approach infinity, and lossless recovery is realized.
The method can perform implicit information fusion of original information protection on multi-source data, has the characteristics of strong adaptability of the multi-source data, large fused data volume, high quality of recovered images, lossless recovery of the fused multi-source data and the like, and has the characteristics of low complexity, less resource occupation and the like, thereby having practical value in spacecraft engineering.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for multi-source data implicit information fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) formatting the main image data A1, data A2, data A3;
(2) preprocessing main image data A1 to obtain image data A and coding information S;
(3) hiding the data a0 and the encoding information S into the main image data a1 to obtain fused image data B;
(4) storing or transmitting the image data B;
(5) b, performing inverse processing according to the fused image data to obtain recovered data A0, and further performing lossless recovery to obtain A2 and A3;
(6) processing the redundant area of the fused image data B according to the coding information S to obtain recovered image data A of the main image data A1;
the specific process of formatting the main image data a1, the data a2 and the data A3 is as follows:
arranging a2 and A3 as data a0, wherein the total data amount of a0 does not exceed 1/2 of the data amount of a main image a1, wherein a2 and A3 are original data or encrypted data;
the main image data a1 is a grayscale image having a bit depth of L bits, and the data a0 is data arranged in K bit groups;
the specific steps of preprocessing the main image data a1 to obtain the image data a and the encoding information S are as follows:
when the total data volume of A0 is K/L of A1 data volume, according to the high K bit of A1, carrying out bitwise coding replacement on the low K bit of A1, traversing 0-2^ K-1 states, obtaining 2^ K image data and 2^ K state bit values, finding out the maximum value of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of each image data and the original main image data A1, wherein the K state bit value corresponding to the maximum value is coding information S, and the corresponding image data is image data A; the correspondence between the coding information S and the image preprocessing method is as follows:
the specific steps of hiding the a0 and the encoding information S into the main image data a1 to obtain the fused image data B are as follows:
replacing the lower K bits of the corresponding gray value of the main image data A1 with each K bit value of the data A0;
replacing the K +1 th bit of the gray value of the K positions designated by the image data A1 with the encoding information S of the K bits to obtain fused image data B;
the data A0 recovered according to the inverse processing of the fused image data B; further, the specific steps for recovering A2 and A3 without damage are as follows:
extracting low K bits of each gray value of image data B to obtain data A0, and editing the data A0 according to A2 and A3 to obtain A2 and A3 in a lossless manner;
the specific steps of processing the redundant area of the fused image data B according to the encoding information S to obtain the restored image a of the main image a1 are as follows:
extracting the K +1 th bit of the gray value of the appointed K positions in the image data B to obtain coding information S, restoring the low K bits of the image data B according to a preprocessing method corresponding to the coding information S, and keeping other bits of the image data B unchanged to obtain restored image data A of the main image data A1;
k =4 and L = 8.
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