CN113394451A - Lithium ion battery electrolyte containing unsaturated bond silane additive and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery electrolyte containing unsaturated bond silane additive and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113394451A CN113394451A CN202110779429.5A CN202110779429A CN113394451A CN 113394451 A CN113394451 A CN 113394451A CN 202110779429 A CN202110779429 A CN 202110779429A CN 113394451 A CN113394451 A CN 113394451A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ion battery
- lithium ion
- unsaturated bond
- additive
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) phosphate Chemical compound C=CCOP(=O)(OCC=C)OCC=C XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NEILRVQRJBVMSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N B(O)(O)O.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C Chemical compound B(O)(O)O.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C NEILRVQRJBVMSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC=C VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCMLYSDKTFYOGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylene;silicon Chemical compound [Si].C#C UCMLYSDKTFYOGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- FCTINJHSYHFASK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-ynyl) phosphate Chemical compound C#CCOP(=O)(OCC#C)OCC#C FCTINJHSYHFASK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVLGANVFCMOJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 MVLGANVFCMOJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,5,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol Chemical compound C1CC(C)(C)OC2=C1C(C)=C(O)C=C2C MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSJJQDZTHSMKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)benzonitrile Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC1=CC=CC=C1C#N OSJJQDZTHSMKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJTKBXIQLYSMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethynyl-trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 SJTKBXIQLYSMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTKPUDNQUBDSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(furan-3-yl)ethynyl-trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC=1C=COC=1 YTKPUDNQUBDSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYQSVLJDYLPMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclopropylethynyl(trimethyl)silane Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C#CC1CC1 IYQSVLJDYLPMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNIRHTRSZDSMOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoethynyl(trimethyl)silane Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C#CI HNIRHTRSZDSMOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUTHVHSZGNERMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethylsilylprop-2-ynal Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)C#CC=O HUTHVHSZGNERMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHJUEZUWLZQWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-trimethylsilylacetyl)benzaldehyde Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 PHJUEZUWLZQWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXLFTJMZKJKQIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethylhex-2-yne Chemical group CC#CCC(C)(C)C AXLFTJMZKJKQIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012258 LiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UBQYURCVBFRUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzoyl-Ferrioxamine B Chemical compound CC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCN UBQYURCVBFRUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZDWYFWIBTZJGOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C#C[Si](C)(C)C ZDWYFWIBTZJGOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRBLIVYQOCFXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-bis(2-phenylethynyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C#C[Si](C)(C)C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 LRBLIVYQOCFXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCANPYOQOFSGFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-trimethylsilylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC[Si](C)(C)C JCANPYOQOFSGFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WADKYPSVXRWORK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynyl(triphenyl)silane Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C#C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WADKYPSVXRWORK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJKJAVGMVVVJPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynyl-dimethyl-trimethylsilylsilane Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)[Si](C)(C)C#C YJKJAVGMVVVJPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSXNZQAPLNNSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynyl-methyl-diphenylsilane Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C#C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSXNZQAPLNNSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZGWPHUWNWRTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynyl-tri(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical group CC(C)[Si](C#C)(C(C)C)C(C)C KZGWPHUWNWRTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)silicon Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C(C)C)C(C)C ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDZULFMEYKOAEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethynyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C#C CDZULFMEYKOAEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWSPXZXVNVQHIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(ethynyl)silane Chemical group CC[Si](CC)(CC)C#C FWSPXZXVNVQHIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZXPPXICNCVEFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(2-morpholin-4-ylethynyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CN1CCOCC1 IZXPPXICNCVEFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZIXCCMXZQWTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(2-phenylethynyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UZIXCCMXZQWTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQUBLKNISPLGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(2-thiophen-2-ylethynyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC1=CC=CS1 OQUBLKNISPLGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCGLONGLPGISNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(prop-1-ynyl)silane Chemical compound CC#C[Si](C)(C)C DCGLONGLPGISNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPCHVDAIWZRYGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[2-(3-methylphenyl)ethynyl]silane Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C#C[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 CPCHVDAIWZRYGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASZOZZMGMNVKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[2-[3-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)phenyl]ethynyl]silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC1=CC=CC(C#C[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 ASZOZZMGMNVKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHGNUAFFHLVAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethynyl]silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 FHGNUAFFHLVAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAPGDWBCCYLGCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[2-[5-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)thiophen-2-yl]ethynyl]silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC1=CC=C(C#C[Si](C)(C)C)S1 RAPGDWBCCYLGCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYERNPSIPOZLQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-tri(propan-2-yl)silylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C BYERNPSIPOZLQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylacetylene Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C#C CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery electrolyte containing an unsaturated bond silane additive, which comprises electrolyte lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and a film forming additive, wherein the film forming additive comprises the unsaturated bond silane additive with a structure shown in a formula (I). The invention also discloses a lithium ion battery which comprises a positive plate, an isolating membrane, a negative plate and the lithium ion battery electrolyte containing the unsaturated bond silane additive. According to the invention, through optimizing the electrolyte formula and the synergistic effect of the components, the advantages of the components can be exerted, the disadvantages of the components can be inhibited, and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery and the capacity retention rate after high-temperature storage are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery electrolyte containing an unsaturated bond silane additive and a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high working voltage, high energy density, long service life, environmental friendliness and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of 3C digital products, electric tools, electric automobiles and the like. Especially in the 3C digital field, the lithium ion battery is becoming more popular due to the trend of lighter and thinner mobile power supplies of mobile electronic devices such as smart phones in recent years.
The electrolyte is one of the major materials of the lithium ion battery, has an indispensable function, and is known as the blood of the lithium ion battery. However, the most critical parts of the lithium ion battery electrolyte are additives, such as a negative electrode film forming additive, a positive electrode film forming additive, a stabilizer, a water scavenger, an acid scavenger and the like. In commercial lithium ion battery electrolyte, 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS) is generally used as a high-temperature additive, the addition amount is 1.0-3.0%, but the use of the PS additive is strictly controlled by European Union due to carcinogenic hazard of the PS additive, and after the electrolyte is injected into a battery to be manufactured into a product, the content of the PS additive is tested by sampling (Reach detection). Therefore, the development of new high temperature additives capable of replacing the PS additive has been slow.
For example, CN111211355A discloses a high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte additive, an electrolyte and a battery thereof, the high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte additive provided by the invention is an acetylene silicon-based compound, silicon is used as a stabilizing group for stabilizing an acetylene functional group, thereby preventing the deterioration of the battery due to the thorough oxidative decomposition under high voltage, and the acetylene silicon-based compound forms a high electronic conductance (RC) on the surfaces of a positive electrode and a negative electrode through electrochemical polymerization2Si) n, and Si is used as a core group, and the decomposition product can form a stable interface film on the surfaces of positive and negative electrodes at high voltage, thereby inhibiting the decomposition of the electrolyte, reducing the impedance of the battery, and improving the cycle performance of the high voltage battery. The acetylenesilane compound is selected from the group consisting of triisopropylsilylacetylene, 3-methylphenyl (trimethylsilyl) acetylene, triisopropyl ((4- ((trimethylsilyl) acetylene) phenyl) acetylene) silane, trimethyl ((4- ((4- (phenylacetylene) phenyl) acetylene) silane, trimethyl ((2-nitrophenyl) acetylene) silane, trimethyl ((3-methyloxetan-3-yl) acetylene) silane, triethylsilylacetylene, trimethylacetylsilicon, (tert-butyldimethyl) acetylene, triphenylsilylacetylene, lithium trimethylsilylethynyl, bis (trimethylsilyl) acetylene, bis (trichlorosilylene)Acetylene, 4-ethyltrimethylsilylacetylene benzene, 1- (trimethylsilyl) propyne, ethyl 3- (trimethylsilyl) propionate, ((4-ethynylphenyl) acetylene) triisopropylsilane, (methyldiphenylsilyl) acetylene, 1-iodo-2-trimethylsilylacetylene, 1, 3-bis [ (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl]Benzene, phenyl ethynyltrimethylsilane, 4- [ (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl]Morpholine, 3- (trimethylsilylalkynyl) thiophene, (3, 5-difluorophenylethynyl) trimethylsilane, cyclopropyl (trimethylsilyl) acetylene, (4-fluorophenylacetylene) trimethylsilane, 1-triethylsilane-4-triethylsiloxane-1-butyne, 2-trimethylsilylethynyl thiophene, dimethyl [ di (phenylethynyl)]Silane, hexakis (trimethylsilyl) ethyl) bezene, 4-trimethylsilylacetylbenzaldehyde, tri-iso-propyl (trimethylsilyl) silane, 5- [ (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl]) -1-methylimidazole, 4- [ (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl group]Benzonitrile, 1- [ (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl]-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzene, 1- [ (trimethylsilyl) acetylene]-3, 5-dimethoxybenzene, ethynyltriethoxysilane, (pentamethyldisilyl) acetylene, 2, 5-bis [ (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl]Thiophene, (3-furyl ethynyl) (trimethyl) silane, 2- [2- (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl]-benzonitrile, p-tolyl [2- (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl]At least one of sulfone and 3- (triethylsilyl) -2-propynal. The defects are that when the unsaturated bond-containing silane, particularly two or more unsaturated bonds are contained, when the adding amount is more than 1 percent and other low-impedance substances are not added for combination, the adverse phenomena of increased battery impedance, reduced first effect, low gram-capacity exertion and the like are caused.
Therefore, the development of a novel unsaturated bond-containing silane additive is urgently needed, and the problem that the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery is influenced due to the overlarge impedance of the unsaturated bond-containing silane additive can be effectively solved while the advantages of the unsaturated bond-containing silane additive are exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium ion battery electrolyte containing unsaturated bond silane additives with excellent high-temperature performance and rate cycle performance and a lithium ion battery, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an unsaturated bond-containing silane additive for lithium ion battery electrolyte, comprising an electrolyte lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and a film-forming additive, wherein the film-forming additive comprises an unsaturated bond-containing silane additive having the structure of formula (I):
wherein R is1、R2、R3、R4Each independently selected from any one of alkyl, carbonyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, aromatic group, alkyl isocyanic acid radical and fluoroalkyl radical, and R1、R2、R3、R4Contains at least one unsaturated bond.
Preferably, the unsaturated bond-containing silane additive is at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following structures:
preferably, the unsaturated bond-containing alkyl additive accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the lithium ion battery electrolyte in percentage by mass.
Preferably, the film-forming additive further comprises conventional additives selected from one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), Vinylene Carbonate (VC), Vinyl Ethylene Carbonate (VEC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), tris (trimethylsilane) borate (TMSB), Methylene Methanedisulfonate (MMDS), triallyl phosphate (TAP), tripropargyl phosphate (TPP) and citrated anhydride.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the conventional additive in the electrolyte of the ion battery is 1.0-5.0%.
Preferably, the electrolyte lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO)2F2) Lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate (Li)DFOB) and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)4) One or more of (a). More preferably, the electrolyte lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate or a mixture of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate.
Preferably, the electrolyte lithium salt accounts for 10.0-15.0% of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the ion battery by mass.
In the present invention, the non-aqueous organic solvent may employ carbonate, carboxylate, fluorocarbonate, fluorocarboxylate and nitrile compounds. The carbonate comprises cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, wherein the cyclic carbonate is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the chain ester is selected from one or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate. The carboxylic ester solvent comprises one or more of ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, ethyl propionate and propyl propionate. Preferably, the non-aqueous organic solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate; the mass ratio of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate in the mixture is 25: 5: 25: 45.
the invention also discloses a lithium ion battery which comprises a positive plate, an isolating membrane, a negative plate and the lithium ion battery electrolyte containing the unsaturated bond silane additive.
The silane additive containing unsaturated bonds and having the structure of formula (I) has a high HOMO energy level, and can form a passivation film (with an oxidative decomposition potential of 4.15V vs Li/Li) on a positive electrode interface in preference to a solvent after the capacity grading of a battery is finished+) The formed passivation film has better thermal stability, can inhibit collapse of a positive electrode material structure and dissolution of metal ions, and meanwhile, the additives have lower LUMO energy level, can form the passivation film on a negative electrode interface in preference to a solvent, can obviously improve the capacity retention rate of the battery after high-temperature storage and inhibit high-temperature gas production of the battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the silane additive containing unsaturated bonds and having a specific structure has a high HOMO energy level, can form a passivation film (the oxidative decomposition potential is 4.15V vs Li/Li +) on a positive electrode interface in preference to a solvent after the grading of a battery is finished, the formed passivation film has better thermal stability, can inhibit the collapse of a positive electrode material structure and the dissolution of metal ions, and meanwhile, the additive has a lower LUMO energy level, can form a passivation film on a negative electrode interface in preference to the solvent, can obviously improve the capacity retention rate after the high-temperature storage of the battery and inhibit the high-temperature gas production of the battery;
2. the addition of the conventional additive in the lithium ion battery electrolyte can better modify the positive and negative electrode interface films, so that the content of organic matters and inorganic matters in the components of the formed passive film reaches the optimal ratio, and the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery can be better improved;
3. according to the invention, through optimizing the electrolyte formula, the components have synergistic effect, particularly when the silane additive containing unsaturated bonds and other low-impedance conventional additives with specific structures are matched for use, because the low-impedance conventional additives can better perform decomposition reaction on the interfaces of positive and negative electrode materials to generate a layer of passivation film, the oxidative decomposition of a solvent is inhibited, the passivation film has better protection effect on the positive electrode, the problem of high film-forming impedance of the positive and negative electrodes of the silane additive containing unsaturated bonds can be effectively reduced, the respective advantages can be exerted, the respective defects can be mutually inhibited, and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery and the capacity retention rate after high-temperature storage are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. It is to be understood that the following description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The structural formulas of the silane-based additives in the examples and comparative examples are characterized as follows:
the structural formula of the compound (1) is as follows:
the structural formula of the compound (2) is as follows:
the structural formula of the compound (3) is as follows:
the structural formula of the compound (4) is as follows:
the structural formula of the compound (5) is as follows:
the structural formula of the compound (6) is as follows:
the structural formula of the compound (7) is as follows:
the structural formula of the compound (8) is as follows:
example 1
Preparing electrolyte: in a glove box filled with argon, Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) were mixed in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EMC 25: 5: 25: 45 to obtain a mixed solution, then slowly adding 12.5% of lithium hexafluorophosphate based on the total mass of the electrolyte into the mixed solution, finally adding 0.3% of the compound (1) based on the total mass of the electrolyte, and uniformly stirring to obtain the lithium ion battery electrolyte of example 1.
Examples 2 to 8
Examples 2 to 8 are also specific examples of the electrolyte preparation, and the parameters and preparation method are the same as those of example 1 except for the parameters shown in Table 1. The electrolyte formulation is shown in table 1.
Comparative examples 1 to 5
In comparative examples 1 to 5, the parameters and preparation method were the same as in example 1 except for the parameters shown in Table 1. The electrolyte formulation is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition ratio of each component of electrolyte of examples and comparative examples
Note: the concentration of the conductive lithium salt is the mass percentage content in the electrolyte;
the content of the silane additive is the mass percentage content in the electrolyte;
the content of each component in other additives is the mass percentage content in the electrolyte;
the proportion of each component in the nonaqueous organic solvent is mass ratio.
Performance testing
Injecting the prepared lithium ion battery electrolyte into a fully dried artificial graphite material/lithium manganate battery, after the battery is placed at 45 ℃, formed by a high-temperature clamp and sealed for the second time, carrying out conventional capacity grading, and carrying out performance test according to the following modes, wherein the test results are shown in table 2:
1) and (3) testing the normal-temperature cycle performance of the battery: at 25 ℃, the batteries after capacity grading are charged to 4.2V at constant current and constant voltage according to 1C, the current is cut off at 0.02C, then the batteries are discharged to 3.0V at constant current according to 1C, and the capacity retention ratio of the batteries after 500 cycles of charge/discharge is calculated according to the cycle, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the 500 th cycle capacity retention rate (%) - (500 th cycle discharge capacity/first cycle discharge capacity) × 100%
2) Testing the residual rate of the storage capacity at the constant temperature of 60 ℃: firstly, the battery is placed at normal temperature and is circularly charged and discharged for 1 time (4.2V-3.0V) at 0.5C, and the discharge capacity C before the battery is stored is recorded0Then charging the battery to a full state of 4.2V at constant current and constant voltage, then storing the battery in a thermostat at 60 ℃ for 7 days, taking out the battery after the storage is finished, performing constant current discharge on the battery to 3.0V at 0.5C after the battery is cooled at room temperature for 24 hours, and recording the discharge capacity C after the battery is stored1And calculating the capacity residual rate of the battery after 7 days of constant-temperature storage at 60 ℃, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the residual capacity rate after 7 days of constant temperature storage at 60 ℃ is C1/C0*100％
3) And (3) testing the 45 ℃ cycle performance of the battery: and (3) charging the battery with the capacity divided to 4.2V at a constant current and a constant voltage of 1C and stopping the current at 0.02C at 45 ℃, then discharging the battery to 3.0V at a constant current of 1C, and circulating the battery according to the above steps, and calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery in 300 weeks after 300 times of charging/discharging. The calculation formula is as follows:
the 300 th cycle capacity retention (%) was (300 th cycle discharge capacity/first cycle discharge capacity) × 100%
Table 2 example and comparative lithium ion battery electrical properties
As shown by comparing the results of the electrical property tests of comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 5 in Table 2: the unsaturated bond-containing silane additive can obviously improve the capacity retention rate of the battery after high-temperature storage and inhibit the gas generation of the high-temperature battery, and can be presumed to be capable of reducing at the positive electrode interface to form a passivation film, inhibit the oxidative decomposition reaction of a solvent at the positive electrode interface, inhibit the corrosion of HF on positive electrode material particles, avoid the generation of cracks in the particles in the circulating process and reduce the dissolution of Ni, Co and Mn ions.
As can be seen from the electrochemical properties of examples 1 to 5 and examples 6 to 8 in Table 2, the silane additive containing unsaturated bonds in the invention has better effects when used together with conventional additives, and mainly has a synergistic effect, so that the advantages of the silane additive and the conventional additives can be exerted, the defects of the silane additive and the conventional additives can be mutually inhibited, the proportion of organic matters and inorganic matters in the formed passivation film is moderate, and the influence of stress on the lithium ion battery in the charging and discharging processes can be remarkably improved.
As can be seen from the electrochemical performances of the examples 1-8 and the comparative examples 2-5 in the table 2, when the mass percentage of the unsaturated bond-containing silane additive in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 0.1-1.0%, the lithium ion battery has the best electrochemical performance.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolyte of a lithium ion battery containing an unsaturated bond silane additive, which comprises an electrolyte lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and a film forming additive, and is characterized in that the film forming additive comprises the unsaturated bond silane additive with the structure of formula (I):
wherein R is1、R2、R3、R4Are each independently selected from alkylAny one of carbonyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, aromatic group, alkyl isocyanic acid radical and fluoroalkyl radical, and R1、R2、R3、R4Contains at least one unsaturated bond.
2. The unsaturated bond silane additive-containing lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the unsaturated bond silane additive is selected from at least one of the compounds having the following structures:
3. the lithium ion battery electrolyte containing the unsaturated bond silane additive according to claim 1, wherein the unsaturated bond alkyl additive accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the lithium ion battery electrolyte by mass.
4. The unsaturated silane additive-containing lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the film-forming additive further comprises a conventional additive selected from one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, tris (trimethylsilane) borate, methylene methanedisulfonate, triallyl phosphate, and citrakopyl anhydride.
5. The lithium ion battery electrolyte containing the unsaturated bond silane additive according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the conventional additive in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 1.0-5.0%.
6. The unsaturated bond silane additive-containing lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte lithium salt is one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium difluorooxalato borate, and lithium tetrafluoroborate.
7. The unsaturated bond silane additive-containing lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 6, wherein the electrolyte lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate or a mixture of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate.
8. The unsaturated bond silane additive-containing lithium ion battery electrolyte solution according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the electrolyte lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the ion battery is 10.0-15.0%.
9. The unsaturated bond silane additive-containing lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate; the mass ratio of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate in the mixture is 25: 5: 25: 45.
10. a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a positive plate, a separation film, a negative plate and the lithium ion battery electrolyte containing the unsaturated bond silane additive as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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