CN113393740B - Testing device for researching projectile motion under influence of rotating coordinate system - Google Patents
Testing device for researching projectile motion under influence of rotating coordinate system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113393740B CN113393740B CN202110590524.0A CN202110590524A CN113393740B CN 113393740 B CN113393740 B CN 113393740B CN 202110590524 A CN202110590524 A CN 202110590524A CN 113393740 B CN113393740 B CN 113393740B
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device for researching projectile motion under the influence of a rotating coordinate system, which mainly comprises: centrifuge, outer box, middle rack, projectile device, image recording device, etc. The invention relies on the centrifuge, can realize under the condition of different acceleration and rotational speed, carry on the monitoring of projectile motion to the small steel ball of different initial velocity size and direction, and obtain the movement track of the small ball on the three-dimensional space through the image recording system, obtain the movement track of the small ball under the complicated stress condition in the rotating coordinate system, have solved the movement problem of projectile motion small ball under the complicated stress condition in the rotating coordinate system, easy to operate, the test result is accurate, the advantage is prominent. The experimental device can be used for developing the complex projectile motion research in a rotating coordinate system indoors and providing research tools and teaching tools.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of projectile motion research under the condition of complex stress in a rotating coordinate system, and relates to a test device for researching projectile motion under the influence of a rotating coordinate system.
Background
In the research of projectile motion, the present teaching is basic and simple projectile motion, and the stress state and the motion trail can be obtained only by a simple calculation formula, but in the actual life and scientific research, the projectile motion relates to more than one part. In a static coordinate system, the trajectory of the projectile motion can be obtained through simple calculation, but in a rotating coordinate system, the projectile motion is complicated due to the difference of the reference systems. The earth is a huge rotating coordinate system, the projectile motion in the rotating coordinate system is not only influenced by the gravitational force, but also influenced by the friction force of the rotating coordinate system to a moving object, which can cause that the acceleration, the acceleration direction and the speed direction of the moving object in the rotating process are constantly changed, so that the motion of the moving object becomes complex and difficult to understand, and the Coriolis acceleration in the process is one of the Coriolis accelerations. For example, the rotation direction of the cyclone in the atmosphere in the north-south hemisphere is different macroscopically, and the vibration of the rotating molecules is microscopically complicated, so that the rotation of the molecules and the vibration are mutually influenced. Through the deep research on the motion mode of the object in the rotating coordinate system, the motion mode of the object under the influence of Coriolis acceleration can be further improved, the motion track of the object in the rotating coordinate system is observed indoors, and the blank in related scientific research work is supplemented.
However, most of the existing experimental instruments are mainly experimental demonstration devices, and further development is needed for scientific research equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a test device for researching projectile motion under the influence of a rotating coordinate system, aiming at the conditions that projectile motion in the rotating coordinate system is difficult to understand in teaching, test equipment is lacked in the scientific research process, and teaching tools are insufficient. The invention establishes a rotating coordinate system by relying on a centrifugal machine, realizes the motion comparison of a plurality of small balls with different initial speeds and directions by a projectile device, records and analyzes the motion tracks of the small balls by an image recording system, and changes the resistance in the projectile process by water injection/oil injection and other modes. The method has the advantages of wide applicability, clear test result, simple test process and the like, and solves the problem that the exploration of projectile motion in a rotating coordinate system lacks a test instrument.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a test device for researching projectile motion under the influence of a rotating coordinate system comprises a centrifugal machine, a centrifugal chamber, an outer box and an image recording device, wherein the outer box and the image recording device are fixed in the centrifugal chamber; the angle between the projectile body device and the middle-placed frame is adjustable; the height of the middle frame and the angle between the middle frame and the bottom of the outer box are adjustable; the centrifuge is used for providing a rotating coordinate system; the projectile device is used for launching the small steel ball, and the image recording device is used for recording the movement of the small steel ball under the rotating coordinate system;
the projectile device comprises a cross beam and a baffle arranged in the cross beam; a plurality of accelerating tubes are fixed on the cross beam, and different angles formed by different accelerating tubes and the upper surface of the cross beam are different; the inlets and the outlets of all the accelerating tubes are respectively on a straight line, and the straight line where the outlets are located and the straight line where the inlets are located are parallel to each other; the baffle is positioned at the upper end of the accelerating tube, the small steel balls are placed on the baffle, the baffle can be pulled out to launch a plurality of small steel balls at the same time, the small steel balls are accelerated when moving from an inlet at the top of the accelerating tube to an outlet at the bottom of the accelerating tube, and finally the small steel balls start projectile motion after being thrown.
In the above technical solution, further, the baffle is further provided with a limiting plate for limiting the movement of the baffle; the position of the baffle is controlled and changed by a stepping motor.
Furthermore, the bottom end of the middle rack is hinged with the bottom of the outer box, and the vertical direction inclination angle of the middle rack can be changed through two hydraulic rods I; the upper end of the middle-placed frame is hinged with the projectile device, the angle of the projectile device can be adjusted through the second hydraulic rod, and then the angle of the accelerating tube is changed, so that the initial speed direction and the size of the small steel ball are changed.
Further, outer container top be equipped with water injection hole and constant voltage hole, can fill liquid to the outer box through the water injection hole, through the inside pressurization of constant voltage hole to the outer box to the frictional resistance of simulation projectile motion in-process.
Furthermore, the side wall of the outer box is made of toughened glass, and the image recording device shoots and records the movement of the small steel balls through the side wall of the outer box.
Furthermore, a scale is pasted on the side wall of the outer box, the image recording device comprises two high-speed cameras with mutually vertical shooting directions, and the two high-speed cameras record the movement of the small steel ball from two directions respectively to obtain the three-dimensional movement track of the small steel ball.
In the invention, the acceleration of the small ball in the process of throwing motion is controlled by controlling the rotating speed and the centrifugal radius of the centrifugal machine, so that the initial speed of the small ball in throwing can be changed. The vertical direction inclination angle of the middle-placed frame can be adjusted through the hydraulic rod I, the angle of the projectile body device can be adjusted through the hydraulic rod I, the inclination angle of the acceleration pipe can be finally adjusted through the combination of the hydraulic rod I and the projectile body device, the acceleration distance of the small steel ball can be changed through replacing the acceleration pipe, and the control on the initial speed and the initial direction in the projectile body movement process is achieved. The projectile time of the small ball is controlled by controlling the position of the baffle through the stepping motor, the motion track of the small ball is recorded through the high-speed camera, and the motion equation of the small ball on the three-dimensional space is calculated through data processing. The accelerating tube can be replaced by other accelerating tubes with different lengths and the same size.
The baffle position can be changed by the stepping motor positioned in the middle of the cross beam, so that the small steel balls fall down simultaneously, and the baffle position is limited by the limiting plate.
The test device for researching projectile motion under the influence of the rotating coordinate system has the advantages that:
the device simulates a rotating coordinate reference system with high angular speed and high linear speed, and can realize projectile motion research under the condition of complex resistance; a centrifuge is adopted to replace a rotating coordinate system, so that the blank of a high-speed rotating coordinate system is made up; the angle of the accelerating tube is changed through the hydraulic rod, so that the initial speed and direction of the object in projectile motion can be adjusted randomly; the projectile motion process and the motion track of the small steel ball can be accurately calculated by recording the projectile motion process through 2 high-speed cameras.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a test apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the inner structure of the outer case;
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the mid-frame;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a projectile apparatus configuration;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the projectile apparatus;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the projectile apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the image recording system and the outer box;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the projectile process 1;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the projectile process 2;
the device comprises a centrifugal machine 1, a centrifugal chamber 2, a centrifugal chamber 3, an outer box 4, a middle rack 5, a projectile device 6, an image recording device 7, a water injection hole 8, a constant pressure hole 9, a first hydraulic rod 10, a second hydraulic rod 11, a small steel ball 12, a baffle 13, an accelerating tube 14, a stepping motor 15, a cross beam 16, a high-speed camera 17, a limiting plate 18 and a graduated scale.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a test apparatus for studying the projectile motion under the influence of a rotating coordinate system according to the present invention.
The testing device comprises a centrifugal machine 1, a centrifugal chamber 2, an outer box 3 and an image recording device 6, wherein the outer box 3 and the image recording device 6 are fixed in the centrifugal chamber 2, a middle rack 4 and a projectile device 5 are arranged in the outer box 3, the projectile device 5 is fixed in the outer box 3 through the middle rack 4, and the height of the middle rack 4 and the angle between the middle rack and the bottom of the outer box 3 are adjustable; the centrifuge 1 is used for providing a rotating coordinate system; the projectile device 5 is used for launching the small steel ball 11, and the image recording device 6 is used for recording the movement of the small steel ball 11 under a rotating coordinate system.
The projectile device 5 comprises a cross beam 15 and a baffle plate 12 arranged in the cross beam 15; a plurality of accelerating tubes 13 are fixed on the cross beam 15, and different angles formed by the accelerating tubes 13 and the upper surface of the cross beam 15 are different; the inlets and the outlets of all the accelerating tubes 13 are respectively on a straight line, and the straight line where the outlets are located is parallel to the straight line where the inlets are located; the baffle plate 12 is positioned at the upper end of the accelerating tube 13, the small steel balls 11 are placed on the baffle plate 12, the baffle plate 12 can be pulled out to launch a plurality of small steel balls 11 at the same time, the small steel balls 11 are accelerated when moving from the top inlet of the accelerating tube 13 to the bottom outlet of the accelerating tube, and finally the small steel balls start projectile motion after being thrown out. The accelerating tube 13 can be replaced by other accelerating tubes with different lengths and the same size.
The baffle 12 is also provided with a limiting plate 17 for limiting the movement of the baffle 12; the position of the shutter 12 is varied by a stepper motor 14.
The bottom end of the middle rack 4 is hinged with the bottom of the outer box 3, and the vertical direction inclination angle of the middle rack 4 can be changed through two hydraulic rods I9; the upper end of the middle frame 4 is hinged with the projectile device 5, the angle of the projectile device 5 can be adjusted through the second hydraulic rod 10, and then the angle of the accelerating tube 13 is changed, so that the initial speed direction and the size of the small steel ball 11 are changed.
The top of outer container 3 be equipped with water injection hole 7 and constant voltage hole 8, can fill liquid such as water or oil to outer container 3 through water injection hole 7, to outer container (3) inside pressurization through constant voltage hole (8) to the frictional resistance among the simulation projectile motion process.
The lateral wall material of outer container 3 is toughened glass, image recorder 6 shoot the record through the 3 lateral walls of outer container to the motion of little steel ball 11.
The side wall of the outer box 3 is pasted with a scale 18, the image recording device 6 comprises two high-speed cameras 16 with mutually vertical shooting directions, and the two high-speed cameras 16 respectively record the movement of the small steel ball 11 from two directions, so that the three-dimensional movement track of the small steel ball 11 can be obtained.
In this embodiment, a high-speed camera 16 is disposed in front of and on the right side of the outer box 3, and a scale is attached to the rear and left side walls of the outer box 3, so that a three-dimensional movement track of the small steel ball 11 can be obtained.
The device is adopted for testing, and the specific test flow and the operation steps are as follows:
step 1: according to the experimental design scheme, the angles of the three hydraulic rods are adjusted, so that the accelerating tube 13 reaches the set initial speed direction.
Step 2: the stepping motor 14 is started, the baffle plate 12 is positioned above the accelerating tube 13, and the small steel ball 11 is placed on the baffle plate 12.
And step 3: according to the design requirements of the test, water or oil is injected into the outer box 3 through the water injection hole 7, and the interior of the outer box 3 is pressurized through the constant pressure hole 8; simulating resistance in projectile motion.
And 4, step 4: the image recording system 6 is turned on to photograph the object under study.
And 5: placing the outer box 3 on a centrifugal chamber 2, and starting a centrifugal machine 1 to enable the outer box to reach a design experimental value;
step 6: and (3) starting the stepping motor 14 to enable the baffle plate 12 to move to one side of the accelerating tube 13, limiting the baffle plate 17 to continue moving at the moment, enabling the small steel ball 11 to move downwards under the action of centrifugal force of the centrifuge 1, accelerating to an experimental design initial speed value and an experimental design projectile initial speed angle when moving to the outlet of the accelerating tube 13, and shooting and recording the moving track of the small steel ball by a high-speed camera in the falling process.
And 7: save data, shut down and clean up the test instrument. And analyzing and processing the obtained data.
Claims (6)
1. A test device for researching projectile motion under the influence of a rotating coordinate system is characterized by comprising a centrifugal machine (1), a centrifugal chamber (2), an outer box (3) and an image recording device (6), wherein the outer box (3) and the image recording device (6) are fixed in the centrifugal chamber (2), a middle frame (4) and a projectile device (5) are arranged in the outer box (3), and the projectile device (5) is fixed in the outer box (3) through the middle frame (4); the angle between the projectile body device (5) and the middle rack (4) is adjustable; the height of the middle frame (4) and the angle between the middle frame and the bottom of the outer box (3) are adjustable; the centrifuge (1) is used for providing a rotating coordinate system; the projectile device (5) is used for launching the small steel ball (11), and the image recording device (6) is used for recording the movement of the small steel ball (11) under a rotating coordinate system; the projectile device (5) comprises a cross beam (15) and a baffle (12) arranged in the cross beam (15); a plurality of accelerating tubes (13) are fixed on the cross beam (15), and different angles formed by the different accelerating tubes (13) and the upper surface of the cross beam (15) are different; the inlets and the outlets of all the accelerating tubes (13) are respectively on the same straight line, and the straight line where the outlets are located is parallel to the straight line where the inlets are located; the baffle (12) is positioned at the upper end of the accelerating tube (13), the small steel balls (11) are placed on the baffle (12), the baffle (12) is pulled out to launch a plurality of small steel balls (11) at the same time, the small steel balls (11) are accelerated when moving from the top inlet of the accelerating tube (13) to the bottom outlet of the accelerating tube, and finally the small steel balls start projectile motion after being thrown out.
2. The test device for researching the influence of the rotating coordinate system on the lower projectile motion is characterized in that a limiting plate (17) is further arranged on the baffle plate (12) and used for limiting the motion of the baffle plate (12); the position of the baffle (12) is controlled and changed by a stepping motor (14).
3. The test device for researching the influence of the rotating coordinate system on the lower projectile motion according to the claim 1, is characterized in that the bottom end of the middle frame (4) is hinged with the bottom of the outer box (3), and the vertical direction inclination angle of the middle frame (4) can be changed through hydraulic rods I (9) in two different directions; the upper end of the middle frame (4) is hinged with the projectile device (5), and the angle of the projectile device (5) can be adjusted through the second hydraulic rod (10).
4. The test device for researching the projectile motion under the influence of the rotating coordinate system according to claim 1, wherein the top of the outer box (3) is provided with a water injection hole (7) and a constant pressure hole (8), the outer box (3) can be filled with liquid through the water injection hole (7), and the interior of the outer box (3) is pressurized through the constant pressure hole (8), so that the frictional resistance in the projectile motion process is simulated.
5. The test device for researching the projectile motion under the influence of the rotating coordinate system according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the outer box (3) is made of toughened glass, and the image recording device (6) shoots and records the motion of the small steel ball (11) through the side wall of the outer box (3).
6. The testing device for researching the projectile motion under the influence of the rotating coordinate system according to claim 5, wherein the side wall of the outer box (3) is pasted with a graduated scale (18), the image recording device (6) comprises two high-speed cameras (16) with mutually perpendicular shooting directions, and the two high-speed cameras (16) record the motion of the small steel ball (11) from two directions respectively, so that the three-dimensional motion track of the small steel ball (11) can be obtained.
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