CN113393156A - Life cycle evaluation-based offshore wind farm environmental impact assessment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A life cycle evaluation-based offshore wind farm environmental impact assessment method relates to the field of life cycle evaluation. Based on a life cycle evaluation technical framework provided by ISO14040, a unit process list analysis method is adopted to quantify life cycle environmental impact factors of the offshore wind farm, and resource energy consumption and environmental impact in the full life cycle of the offshore wind farm from the stages of wind turbine production and transportation, wind farm construction, operation maintenance to waste disposal and the like are evaluated. The resource energy consumption and the environmental load at different stages in the life cycle of the offshore wind farm can be quantitatively, objectively and comprehensively evaluated, and the key influence factors and the environmental influence types of the offshore wind farm are obtained through analysis, so that scientific references are provided for the sustainable development of the wind power industry and the setting of clean energy standards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of life cycle evaluation, in particular to an offshore wind farm environmental impact evaluation method based on life cycle evaluation.
Background
The global economy is rapidly developed, and the demand of people on energy is increasing day by day. The problems of resource and energy shortage, environmental pollution and the like caused by the problems are concerned all over the world. The energy crisis has become a problem that needs to be faced in common around the world. In order to adapt to transformation development under the global climate change background, China needs to vigorously develop clean energy and accelerate energy structure adjustment. Wind power is the main utilization form of wind energy, and has the advantages of low cost, cleanness and remarkable benefit. In addition, offshore wind power projects are usually close to areas with developed economy, namely close to the center of the electric load, and wind power is easier to be consumed in a grid-connected mode.
However, in the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm, various energy sources, resources and environmental pollutants are directly or indirectly consumed in the material production stage and the construction process, and the operation maintenance stage and the waste dismantling process of the offshore wind farm are accompanied by the consumption of a large amount of resources and energy sources and the emission of various pollutants, so that the influence of the series of processes on the ecological environment is completely reflected, and a comprehensive quantitative evaluation method which is scientific, reliable in result and high in practicability is urgently needed.
The life cycle evaluation method is used as an environment management tool for quantitatively evaluating the overall environmental load of a product or a process system, and can comprehensively analyze and consider the influence of different stages and different factors on the environment in the life cycle process of the offshore wind farm. At present, the life cycle evaluation method is less applied to the field of offshore wind farms, so that the production and manufacturing list of domestic offshore wind farms needs to be perfected, the resource energy consumption and the environmental influence of each stage of the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farms need to be quantitatively analyzed, key environmental influence factors are identified, sensitivity analysis is carried out on key parameters, and scientific reference is provided for the sustainable development of the future Chinese wind power industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a life cycle evaluation-based offshore wind farm environmental impact assessment method for objectively, quantitatively and comprehensively evaluating the resource energy consumption and environmental impact of an offshore wind farm aiming at the environmental impact problem caused in the full life cycle of an offshore wind farm, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of the wind power industry and the setting of clean energy standards.
The invention comprises the following steps:
1) determining the boundary of an evaluated functional unit and a system, and dividing the whole life cycle process of the offshore wind farm into N stages according to the important stages related to the life cycle of the offshore wind farm, wherein the value range of N is 3-6;
2) collecting various input and output materials, energy input and pollutant emission list data at different stages of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm by combining with actual conditions;
3) assembling and quantifying the environmental impact factors of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm by adopting a process list analysis method, and calculating the environmental impact load of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm;
4) comparing and analyzing the proportion of the offshore wind power plant in the total load value of the environmental influences at different stages of the life cycle and different environmental influence types, wherein the larger the contribution is, the larger the influence is;
5) and developing sensitivity analysis to evaluate the environmental influence change rate caused by different parameter changes in the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm.
In step 1), the relevant important stages of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm include: a fan production and transportation stage, a wind power plant construction stage, an operation maintenance stage and a waste disposal stage;
the fan production and transportation phase comprises: production and transportation of chemical products, metals and other raw materials, such as glass fiber, epoxy resin, steel and the like; manufacturing raw materials into parts such as an impeller, a cabin, a tower drum, a cable and the like, and transporting the parts to a wind power field area and the like;
the construction phase of the wind power plant comprises the following steps: production and transportation of building materials; hoisting and fixing fan equipment; the building material is used for construction of fan foundations, submarine cable laying, wharfs and roads, 110kV booster stations, outgoing lines and the like; the building materials comprise concrete, sand, steel bars and the like;
the operation and maintenance stage comprises part replacement and maintenance; oil consumption addition; transportation including transportation of maintenance materials and maintenance personnel to and from the wind power plant, and the like;
the waste disposal stage comprises: disassembling a fan assembly; disposing waste parts; and recovery processing of metal materials.
In step 3), the method for analyzing the process list is adopted to compile and quantify environmental impact factors of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm, and the environmental impact load of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm is calculated, and the method further comprises the following substeps:
step 3-1: dividing the life cycle resource investment and pollutant emission list data of the offshore wind farm collected in the step 2) into different environmental impact types;
step 3-2: aiming at each environmental influence type, selecting one pollutant in the environmental influence types as a reference pollutant, taking the equivalent coefficient of the pollutant as 1, and converting and summarizing other pollutants according to the equivalent coefficient to obtain a characterization result of each group of environmental influence types;
step 3-3: carrying out standardization processing on the characteristic results of each environmental influence type in different stages, and carrying out weighting processing according to the weights of various environmental influence types to obtain the environmental influence latent values of different stages in the life cycle of the offshore wind farm;
step 3-4: and adding the environmental influence type latent values of all the stages to obtain the total environmental influence load of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm.
Further, in step 3-1, the environmental impact types include: at least one of mineral resource consumption potential, fossil fuel consumption potential, global warming potential, acidification potential, water eutrophication potential, photochemical smog potential and ozone layer consumption potential, human toxicity potential, fresh water ecological toxicity potential, marine ecological toxicity potential and land ecological toxicity potential.
In step 5), said developing a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the rate of change of environmental impact caused by the change of different parameters in the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm comprises: determining the main sources of the environmental influences of the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm, selecting important parameters for sensitivity analysis, and discussing the influences of various environmental influence types in the variation results of various parameters under the same variation rate.
According to the method, a life cycle evaluation technical framework provided by ISO14040 is taken as a basis, the unit process list analysis method is adopted to quantify the environmental influence of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm, and the environmental influence of the offshore wind farm in the whole life cycle from the stages of fan production and transportation, wind farm construction, operation maintenance to waste disposal and the like is evaluated. By adopting the method for evaluating the environmental impact of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm, the resource energy consumption and the environmental load of different stages in the life cycle of the offshore wind farm can be evaluated quantitatively, objectively and comprehensively, and the key impact factors and the environmental impact types of the offshore wind farm can be analyzed, so that scientific reference is provided for the sustainable development of the wind power industry and the setting of the clean energy standard in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system boundary for life cycle evaluation of an offshore wind farm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, so that the technical contents thereof will be more clear and easy to understand. The invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative only, and the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein.
The invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the boundary of an evaluated functional unit and a system, and dividing the whole life cycle process of the offshore wind farm into N stages according to the important stages related to the life cycle of the offshore wind farm, wherein the value range of N is 3-6; the life cycle of the offshore wind farm involves important phases including: a fan production and transportation stage, a wind power plant construction stage, an operation maintenance stage and a waste disposal stage; the fan production and transportation phase comprises: production and transportation of chemical products, metals and other raw materials, such as glass fiber, epoxy resin, steel and the like; manufacturing raw materials into parts such as an impeller, a cabin, a tower drum, a cable and the like, and transporting the parts to a wind power field area and the like; the construction phase of the wind power plant comprises the following steps: production and transportation of building materials; hoisting and fixing fan equipment; the building material is used for construction of fan foundations, submarine cable laying, wharfs and roads, 110kV booster stations, outgoing lines and the like; the building materials comprise concrete, sand, steel bars and the like; the operation and maintenance stage comprises part replacement and maintenance; oil consumption addition; transportation including transportation of maintenance materials and maintenance personnel to and from the wind power plant, and the like; the waste disposal stage comprises: disassembling a fan assembly; disposing waste parts; and recovery processing of metal materials.
Step 2: collecting various input and output materials, energy input and pollutant emission list data at different stages of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm by combining with actual conditions;
and step 3: assembling and quantifying the environmental impact factors of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm by adopting a process list analysis method, and calculating the environmental impact load of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm;
3-1: dividing the life cycle resource investment and pollutant emission list data of the offshore wind farm collected in the step 2) into different environmental impact types; the environmental impact types include: at least one of mineral resource consumption potential, fossil fuel consumption potential, global warming potential, acidification potential, water eutrophication potential, photochemical smog potential and ozone layer consumption potential, human toxicity potential, fresh water ecological toxicity potential, marine ecological toxicity potential and land ecological toxicity potential. The environmental impact types and units are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 types of environmental impacts and units thereof
3-2: aiming at each environmental influence type, selecting one pollutant in the environmental influence types as a reference pollutant, taking the equivalent coefficient of the pollutant as 1, and converting and summarizing other pollutants according to the equivalent coefficient to obtain a characterization result of each group of environmental influence types;
3-3: carrying out standardization processing on the characteristic results of each environmental influence type in different stages, and carrying out weighting processing according to the weights of various environmental influence types to obtain the environmental influence latent values of different stages in the life cycle of the offshore wind farm;
3-4: and adding the environmental influence type latent values of all the stages to obtain the total environmental influence load of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm.
And 4, step 4: and comparing and analyzing the proportion of the offshore wind power plant in the total load value of the environmental influences in different stages of the life cycle and different environmental influence types, wherein the larger the contribution is, the larger the influence is.
And 5: developing sensitivity analysis to evaluate the environmental influence change rate caused by different parameter changes in the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm; the method comprises the following steps: determining the main sources of the environmental influences of the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm, selecting important parameters for sensitivity analysis, and discussing the influences of various environmental influence types in the variation results of various parameters under the same variation rate.
The following detailed description takes the life cycle evaluation of the offshore wind farm in Fuqing Xinghua bay as an example, and the specific steps are as follows:
1. determining the evaluated functional units and system boundaries:
offshore wind power generation 1kWh is selected as a functional unit. The system boundaries include four phases of the offshore wind farm from "cradle" to "grave": wind turbine production and transportation phase S1, wind farm construction phase S2, operational maintenance phase S3 and waste disposal phase S4, and considering the production of upstream energy, primary raw materials, as shown in fig. 1.
The fan production and transport stage S1 includes: production and transportation of chemical products, metals and other raw materials, such as glass fiber, epoxy resin, steel and the like; manufacturing raw materials into parts such as impellers, cabins, towers, cables and the like, and transporting the parts to a wind power field area.
Wind farm construction phase S2 includes: production and transportation of building materials (concrete, gravel, steel bars, etc.); hoisting and fixing fan equipment; the building material is used for construction of fan foundations, submarine cable laying, wharfs and roads, 110kV booster stations, outgoing lines and the like.
The operation maintenance stage S3 includes component replacement and repair; oil consumption addition; transportation including transportation of maintenance materials and maintenance personnel to and from the wind power plant.
The discard disposal stage S4 includes: disassembling a fan assembly; disposing waste parts; and recovery processing of metal materials.
2. Listing an offshore wind farm life cycle environmental impact list:
the life cycle list of the offshore wind farm (shown in table 2) is obtained by collecting, calculating, classifying and summarizing the emission data of various materials, energy and environments input and output in each stage.
TABLE 2 marine wind farm life cycle list table
3. Quantifying the environmental impact load of the life cycle of an offshore wind farm:
selecting 11 types of environmental influences of mineral resource consumption, fossil fuel consumption, global warming, water eutrophication, acidification, photochemical smog, ozone layer consumption, human toxicity, marine ecotoxicity, fresh water ecotoxicity and land ecotoxicity. The CML2001-Jan.2016 model was used to classify the environmental impact types and the characterization results were calculated (Table 3).
TABLE 3 characterization results of offshore wind power 1kWh full lifecycle environmental impact
And according to the characteristic result, carrying out standardization to quantize the characteristic result into dimensionless physical quantity under the same standard, and giving each environmental influence type weight to obtain each stage and the total environmental influence load.
Where the normalization is calculated as follows:
Ni＝Si/Ri
in the formula: ni-environmental impact type normalization results;
si-i environment influence type characterization result;
ri is a reference value corresponding to the ith environmental impact type.
Further, according to the life cycle influence evaluation result, the proportion of the offshore wind farm in the total environmental influence load value at different stages of the life cycle and different environmental influence types of the functional unit is compared and analyzed.
4. Carrying out sensitivity analysis:
the main sources of environmental impact of the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm are analyzed, sensitivity analysis is performed on each key parameter, investment of each project is increased by 1%, and the impact on each environmental impact index in the result is discussed (table 4).
TABLE 4 environmental impact Change when Each Key item investment of offshore wind farm is increased by 1%
According to the method, a life cycle evaluation technical framework provided by ISO14040 is taken as a basis, a unit process list analysis method is adopted to quantify the life cycle environmental impact factors of the offshore wind farm, and the resource energy consumption and the environmental impact in the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm from the stages of fan production and transportation, wind farm construction, operation maintenance to waste disposal and the like are evaluated.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A life cycle evaluation-based offshore wind farm environmental impact assessment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining the boundary of an evaluated functional unit and a system, and dividing the whole life cycle process of the offshore wind farm into N stages according to the important stages related to the life cycle of the offshore wind farm, wherein the value range of N is 3-6;
2) collecting various input and output materials, energy input and pollutant emission list data at different stages of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm by combining with actual conditions;
3) assembling and quantifying the environmental impact factors of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm by adopting a process list analysis method, and calculating the environmental impact load of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm;
4) comparing and analyzing the proportion of the offshore wind power plant in the total load value of the environmental influences at different stages of the life cycle and different environmental influence types, wherein the larger the contribution is, the larger the influence is;
5) and developing sensitivity analysis to evaluate the environmental influence change rate caused by different parameter changes in the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm.
2. The method for evaluating the environmental impact of the offshore wind farm based on the life cycle evaluation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the life cycle of the offshore wind farm involves important stages including: the method comprises a fan production and transportation stage, a wind power plant construction stage, an operation maintenance stage and a waste disposal stage.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the wind turbine production and transportation phase comprises: production and transportation of chemical products and metal raw materials, such as glass fiber, epoxy resin, steel; and manufacturing raw materials into an impeller, a cabin, a tower barrel and a cable, and transporting to a wind power plant area.
4. The method for assessing the environmental impact of the offshore wind farm based on the life cycle assessment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the wind farm construction phase comprises: production and transportation of building materials; hoisting and fixing fan equipment; the building material is used for construction in the aspects of fan foundations, submarine cable laying, wharfs and roads, 110kV booster stations and outgoing lines; the building material comprises concrete, sand and stone and reinforcing steel bars.
5. The method for assessing the environmental impact of the offshore wind farm based on the life cycle assessment as recited in claim 2, wherein the operation and maintenance phase comprises component replacement and repair; oil consumption addition; transportation including transportation of maintenance materials and maintenance personnel to and from the wind power plant.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the abandonment phase comprises: disassembling a fan assembly; disposing waste parts; and (4) recovering and treating the metal material.
7. The method for evaluating the environmental impact of the offshore wind farm based on the life cycle evaluation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the offshore wind farm life cycle environmental impact factors are compiled and quantified by adopting a process inventory analysis method, and the environmental impact load of the offshore wind farm life cycle is calculated, comprising the following steps:
step 3-1: dividing the life cycle resource investment and pollutant emission list data of the offshore wind farm collected in the step 2) into different environmental impact types;
step 3-2: aiming at each environmental influence type, selecting one pollutant in the environmental influence types as a reference pollutant, taking the equivalent coefficient of the pollutant as 1, and converting and summarizing other pollutants according to the equivalent coefficient to obtain a characterization result of each group of environmental influence types;
step 3-3: carrying out standardization processing on the characteristic results of each environmental influence type in different stages, and carrying out weighting processing according to the weights of various environmental influence types to obtain the environmental influence latent values of different stages in the life cycle of the offshore wind farm;
step 3-4: and adding the environmental influence type latent values of all the stages to obtain the total environmental influence load of the life cycle of the offshore wind farm.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step 3-1, the environmental impact types include: at least one of mineral resource consumption potential, fossil fuel consumption potential, global warming potential, acidification potential, water eutrophication potential, photochemical smog potential and ozone layer consumption potential, human toxicity potential, fresh water ecological toxicity potential, marine ecological toxicity potential and land ecological toxicity potential.
9. The method for evaluating environmental impact of offshore wind farm based on life cycle evaluation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5), said developing sensitivity analysis to evaluate environmental impact change rate caused by different parameter changes in the whole life cycle of offshore wind farm comprises: determining the main sources of the environmental influences of the whole life cycle of the offshore wind farm, selecting important parameters for sensitivity analysis, and discussing the influences of various environmental influence types in the variation results of various parameters under the same variation rate.
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| CN117575425A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-02-20 | 贵州百胜数源工程技术管理有限公司 | Building material sustainability evaluation and optimization system based on big data |
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| 魏逸群: ""海上风电场生命周期的资源消耗与环境影响比较研究"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 (工程科技Ⅰ辑)》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117575425A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-02-20 | 贵州百胜数源工程技术管理有限公司 | Building material sustainability evaluation and optimization system based on big data |
| CN117575425B (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-03-26 | 贵州百胜数源工程技术管理有限公司 | Building material sustainability evaluation and optimization system based on big data |
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