CN113393129A - Massive building multi-scale block combination method considering road network association constraint - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-scale block merging method for massive buildings considering road network association constraint, which relates to the technical field of cartography and specifically comprises the following steps: establishing a road click connection, calculating the importance of each road according to the characteristics of each road, and further calculating the road grade to obtain a road grade classification result; calculating a building convex hull, and partitioning the building layer by combining road grade classification results to obtain a partitioned building in the block; combining the partitioned buildings in the blocks by adopting a mode of combining closed operation and open operation to obtain a primary partitioning result; and processing the mutual conflict between the narrow neck and the space of the primary blocking result to obtain a final blocking result. The method of the invention is used for partitioning the building, and the road network is utilized for partitioning to improve the comprehensive efficiency, and simultaneously, the influence of the road network on the space structure of the building is considered, and the comprehensive quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cartography, in particular to a multi-scale block combination method for massive buildings considering road network association constraint.
Background
The building is one of the core elements of the topographic map, and in the process of map multi-scale expression, when the scale is changed from large to small, a plurality of discrete buildings which are in topological adjacency or visual adjacency need to be aggregated into a whole, namely the building is merged. The merging quality directly influences the map expression effect, but the buildings have various geometric forms and complex distribution structures, so that the exploration of a reasonable building merging method is always a research hotspot and difficulty in the comprehensive drawing field. According to the difference of research scales, the research of the current building combining method can be divided into a combining method of a micro scale and a combining method of a macro scale. The former emphasizes the maintenance of typical spatial structural features of buildings before and after synthesis, such as regular patterns, irregular patterns and the like, and the methods are more and more mature in research. The latter focuses on the processing of merging of massive and large-scale buildings, the research quantity is small, the mature method is relatively few, but the application prospect of the research is very wide along with the continuous increase of the current massive and large-scale data processing requirement.
In the existing method, the area of a building in a block is used as a constraint to perform road network multi-scale transformation, and the final comprehensive result of the building and the actual road comprehensive result generate space conflicts, such as thin neck, crossing, breaking and the like, and finally the merging effect of massive and large-scale buildings is influenced. Therefore, how to improve efficiency by partitioning the road network and also consider the influence of the road network on the spatial structure of the building so as to improve comprehensive quality is a difficult problem to be solved urgently by the technical staff in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a multi-scale block merging method for mass buildings considering the association constraint of the road network, so as to solve the problems in the background art, improve the comprehensive efficiency by using the road network for blocking, and simultaneously consider the influence of the road network on the spatial structure of the building, thereby improving the comprehensive quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-scale block merging method for massive buildings considering road network association constraints specifically comprises the following steps:
establishing a road click connection, calculating the importance of each road according to the characteristics of each road, and further calculating the road grade to obtain a road grade classification result;
calculating a convex hull of the building, and partitioning the building layer by combining the road grade classification result to obtain a partitioned building in the block;
merging the buildings in the blocks after the blocks are partitioned to obtain a primary partitioning result; and processing the mutual conflict between the narrow neck and the space of the primary blocking result to obtain a final blocking result.
Preferably, the specific steps of calculating the importance of each road are as follows:
selecting a road category index, a road length index, a road complexity index and a road relevance index to calculate a road importance index;
and respectively calculating the importance of each road by a weighted average method according to the road importance index.
Preferably, all roads are classified by a natural breakpoint method according to the distribution rule of the importance values of all roads in the region.
Preferably, the concrete steps of obtaining the building in the block after the block is divided are as follows:
calculating a convex hull of the whole by taking all buildings in the area as a whole, and calculating an outer buffer area of the convex hull of the whole by a fixed distance to form an envelope boundary which is not in contact with the buildings;
superposing the envelope boundary and a first-level road, cutting and extending the road by taking the envelope boundary as a reference to obtain a first-level grid, and removing the suspended road;
subdividing the building according to the primary grid to obtain a primary partitioning result of the building;
superposing a second-level road by taking the first-level grid as a reference to obtain a second-level grid, and further obtaining a second-level block result of the building;
and repeating the steps until the partitioning results of the buildings at all levels are obtained.
Preferably, the boundary of the building in the block after the block division is used as a merging limit surface, and the threshold value of the building in the limit surface is WtThe first blocking result is obtained by the open operation of (2).
Preferably, the specific steps for eliminating the thin neck are as follows:
the threshold value of the primary blocking result is WtObtaining an optimized contour surface by the closed operation;
and identifying the buildings in the optimized contour surface by taking the optimized contour surface as a limit, and performing second opening operation to finish the thin neck elimination.
Preferably, the threshold is defined by a width threshold, that is:
Wt＝0.4×Scale；
wherein, WtAnd Scale is the denominator of the target Scale for the width threshold under the comprehensive target Scale.
Preferably, the specific steps for performing spatial collision elimination are as follows:
centered on the road, the threshold WtEstablishing buffer areas on two sides of the road for width;
performing spatial difference calculation on the road buffer area and the building of the primary blocking result;
if the road buffer area penetrates through the building, calculating the ratio of the area of each part of the building to the area of the original building after difference calculation;
if the area ratio is larger than or equal to the threshold AtIf yes, then keeping; if the area ratio<Threshold value AtThen it is discarded.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the multi-scale block combining method for the massive buildings considering the association constraint of the road network, the massive and large-scale buildings are reasonably divided into blocks according to the importance of the road, the coordination of the road network and the buildings is improved while the combining efficiency is considered, the intra-block combining algorithm is optimized, the phenomenon that the existing large-scale building combining method is easy to have the phenomenon of space conflict of thin necks and crossing or breaking roads is reduced, and the morphological similarity of the combining result and the original data is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a road data map of a test area in an embodiment of the present invention;
3(a) -3(g) are level 1 to level 7 road maps of the roads in the test area according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a diagram of the convex hull and envelope boundaries of the original building;
FIG. 4(b) is a road network graph for partitioning;
FIG. 4(c) is a graph of the result of building first-level blocking according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4(d) is a diagram illustrating the result of the second-level block division of the building according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a diagram of an original building;
FIG. 5(b) is a diagram of the aggregated results of the first opening operation;
FIG. 5(c) is a graph of the aggregate results of the closing operation;
FIG. 5(d) is a graph of the aggregate results of the second opening operation;
FIG. 6(a) is a spatial distribution diagram of an original road and a building;
FIG. 6(b) is a cross conflict graph of the road and building aggregate results;
FIG. 6(c) is a diagram showing the result of constructing a road buffer;
fig. 6(d) is a diagram showing the result of eliminating the intersection collision by the difference calculation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a multi-scale block merging method for massive buildings considering road network association constraint, which specifically comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
the method comprises the following steps: and establishing a road click connection, calculating the importance index of each road according to the characteristics of each road, and further calculating the road grade to obtain a road grade classification result.
The importance calculation index I of the road is calculated by adopting 4 indexes, namely a road type index T, a road length index L, a road complexity index C and a road relevance index R, namely I is { T, L, C and R }, and then all roads are divided into a plurality of levels by a natural breakpoint method according to the distribution rule of importance values of all roads in an area.
When the 4 indexes are subjected to weight resetting, calculation and acquisition are carried out according to the small-range data samples in the calculation area. For example: in the test area of fig. 2, the weights of the 4 indices are {0.5,0.2,0.2,0.1} after calculation using the small-area sample. Then, according to the road importance value distribution rule obtained by weight calculation, the roads in the test area are divided into 7 levels, and the roads in each level are shown in fig. 3(a) -3 (g).
Step two: and calculating a building convex hull, and partitioning the building layer by combining the road grade classification result to obtain the partitioned building in the block.
Step two will be specifically described with reference to fig. 4.
Firstly, all buildings in an area are taken as a whole, a Graham scanning method is used for calculating a convex hull of the whole, an outer buffer area of the convex hull is calculated at a certain distance to form an envelope boundary which is not in contact with the buildings, and in the embodiment of the invention, the certain distance and a following width threshold value W are used for calculating the outer buffer area of the convex hulltThe consistency is maintained, as shown in fig. 4(a), the solid line of the periphery, i.e. the envelope boundary;
then overlapping the envelope boundary and a first-level road, cutting and extending the road by taking the envelope boundary as a reference to obtain a first-level grid, and removing the suspended road at the same time, as shown in fig. 4(b) and 4(c), wherein the thick line in 4(b) is the first-level road, overlapping the thick line with the envelope boundary, and then processing the unconnected edges and the suspended segment part shown by the dotted line to obtain a first-level block structure of the thick line;
and finally, overlapping the secondary roads by taking the primary grid as a reference to obtain a secondary grid, and further obtaining a building secondary blocking result, as shown in fig. 4(b) and 4(d), overlapping the secondary roads with the thin lines in 4(b) on the basis of the result in 4(c), and performing the same edge-unconnected and suspended segment processing to obtain the thin line secondary blocking result shown in fig. 4 (d).
Step three: merging the buildings in the blocks after the blocks are partitioned to obtain a primary partitioning result; and processing the mutual conflict between the narrow neck and the space of the primary blocking result to obtain a final blocking result.
Step three will be specifically described with reference to fig. 5(a) to 5(d) and fig. 6(a) to 6 (d). Fig. 5(a) is a diagram of an original building, and fig. 6(a) is a spatial distribution diagram of an original road and a building.
The existing building merging method is usually calculated by closed operation of expansion and corrosion, and although the method can effectively aggregate buildings with adjacent distances smaller than a certain threshold value, the problem of narrow necks occurs locally. The narrow neck is a narrow planar area with an average width smaller than a certain threshold value under a certain scale, and is often present at the joint of two buildings after being buffered and combined. In addition, in some special cases, the closed operation of expansion and corrosion can cause a slight change in the shape of a building, so that a space conflict between the merged building and a road occurs in a part of the area. For example, in fig. 6(b), there is intersection conflict between roads and the building aggregation result, and in order to eliminate the narrow neck and space conflict in the existing merger, the following steps are adopted to merge the buildings in each block.
Wherein, the invention adopts the following steps to eliminate the thin neck:
first, the boundary of the building in the block partitioned in the step two is used as a merging limit surface, and the threshold value of the building in the limit surface is WtThe initial merged contour surface is formed by the opening operation of (a), as shown in fig. 5 (b).
Threshold value W used in the embodiment of the present inventiontThe definition can be made by using the width threshold in the classical cartographic synthesis, namely:
Wt＝0.4×Scale；
wherein, WtAnd Scale is the denominator of the target Scale for the width threshold under the comprehensive target Scale.
Then, the initial merged contour surface is thresholded to WtTo detect and remove the merged inner "pin" formed by the open operation, resulting in an optimized profile, as shown in fig. 5 (c).
Finally, the buildings in the building are identified by taking the optimized contour surface as a limit, and a second opening operation is performed to obtain a final merging result, as shown in fig. 5 (d).
The invention adopts the following steps to eliminate the space conflict:
first, with the road as the center, WtFor the width, buffer zones are established on both sides of the road, as shown in fig. 6 (c);
secondly, performing spatial difference calculation on the road buffer area surface and the merged building to eliminate spatial conflict, as shown in fig. 6 (d);
finally, if the road buffer area surface penetrates a certain building,calculating the ratio of the area of each part of the building to the area of the original building after the difference calculation, and if the area ratio is more than or equal to a threshold value AtIf yes, then keeping; if the area ratio<Threshold value AtThen, the threshold A is discarded, in the embodiment of the present inventiontTake 0.1.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-scale block merging method for massive buildings considering road network association constraints is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a road click connection, calculating the importance of each road according to the characteristics of each road, and further calculating the road grade to obtain a road grade classification result;
partitioning the building layer by using a convex hull of the building and combining the road grade classification result to obtain a partitioned building in the block;
merging the buildings in the blocks after the blocks are partitioned to obtain a primary partitioning result; and processing the mutual conflict between the narrow neck and the space of the primary blocking result to obtain a final blocking result.
2. The method for multi-scale block merging of massive buildings according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of calculating the importance of each road are as follows:
selecting a road category index, a road length index, a road complexity index and a road relevance index to calculate a road importance index;
and respectively calculating the importance of each road by a weighted average method according to the road importance index.
3. The multi-scale block merging method for massive buildings considering road network association constraints as claimed in claim 1, wherein all roads are classified by natural break point method according to the distribution rule of importance values of all roads in the region.
4. The multi-scale block merging method for massive buildings considering road network association constraints as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete steps of obtaining the blocked buildings in the blocks are as follows:
s21: calculating a convex hull of the whole by taking all buildings in the area as a whole, and calculating an outer buffer area of the convex hull of the whole by a fixed distance to form an envelope boundary which is not in contact with the buildings;
s22: superposing the envelope boundary and a first-level road, cutting and extending the road by taking the envelope boundary as a reference to obtain a first-level grid, and removing the suspended road;
s23: subdividing the building according to the primary grid to obtain a primary partitioning result of the building;
s24: superposing a second-level road by taking the first-level grid as a reference to obtain a second-level grid, and further obtaining a second-level block result of the building;
repeating S21-S24 until all levels of the building block results are obtained.
5. The method of claim 1 taking into account road network association constraintsThe multi-scale block merging method for massive buildings is characterized in that the boundaries of the buildings in the blocks after the blocks are blocked are used as merging limiting surfaces, and the threshold value of the buildings in the limiting surfaces is WtThe first blocking result is obtained by the open operation of (2).
6. The multi-scale block merging method for massive buildings considering road network association constraints as claimed in claim 5, wherein the specific steps of narrow neck elimination are as follows:
the threshold value of the primary blocking result is WtObtaining an optimized contour surface by the closed operation;
and identifying the buildings in the optimized contour surface by taking the optimized contour surface as a limit, and performing second opening operation to finish the thin neck elimination.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said threshold is defined by a width threshold, and said threshold is defined by a multi-scale block combination method for mass buildings considering road network association constraint
Wt＝0.4×Scale；
Wherein, WtAnd Scale is the denominator of the target Scale for the width threshold under the comprehensive target Scale.
8. The multi-scale block merging method for massive buildings considering road network association constraints as claimed in claim 7, wherein the specific steps for eliminating spatial conflicts are as follows:
centered on the road, the threshold WtEstablishing buffer areas on two sides of the road for width;
performing spatial difference calculation on the road buffer area and the building of the primary blocking result;
if the road buffer area penetrates through the building, calculating the ratio of the area of each part of the building to the area of the original building after difference calculation;
if the area ratio is larger than or equal to the threshold AtIf yes, then keeping; if the area ratio<Threshold value AtThen, thenAnd (5) discarding.
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