CN113392538B - Method and device for treating stratum water pollution rate under water-based mud condition - Google Patents
Method and device for treating stratum water pollution rate under water-based mud condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for treating the pollution rate of formation water under the condition of water-based mud, wherein the method comprises the following steps: analyzing the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the corresponding conductivity to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity; judging whether the conductivity variation amplitude accords with the preset same-layer conductivity variation amplitude or not; if so, determining that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer, screening out the conductivity to be processed from the conductivity, training by using the conductivity to be processed and the pumping parameters corresponding to the conductivity to be processed as sample data, and determining the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water according to a data model; and calculating the pollution rate of the formation water according to the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water, the conductivity of the filtrate of the water-based drilling fluid and the currently acquired conductivity. The scheme can accurately distinguish the stratum where the current sampling point is located, and the real-time accurate calculation of the stratum water pollution rate is realized aiming at the condition of the oil-water layer (or the gas-water layer).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground reservoir fluid sampling in oil field exploration logging, in particular to a method and a device for treating stratum water pollution rate under the condition of water-based slurry.
Background
In the field of exploration and production, workers often have a concern about the composition of the formation water, usually by lowering a sampling instrument downhole to a specified depth and then obtaining the sample. However, while drilling, the water-based drilling fluid continuously percolates into the formation due to the permeability of the formation, and if the water-based drilling fluid invades the formation too deeply, the water-based drilling fluid filtrate and undisturbed formation water (i.e., pure formation water) dissolve into each other, causing severe contamination of the formation.
The acquisition of undisturbed formation water samples relies heavily on the determination of the contamination level during the well logging pump cleaning process. During the extraction cleaning treatment, drilling fluid filtrate is firstly extracted, and then a mixture of the drilling fluid filtrate and undisturbed formation water is extracted. The percentage of the original formation water content in the extracted formation water sample can be satisfactorily achieved only when the extraction time is sufficiently long, but the pumping work requires a large time cost and an economic cost. In addition, in an actual logging scene, a pumping and sampling point is likely to be in an oil-water layer or an air-water layer, and in such a situation, the collected sample is a mixture of water-based drilling fluid filtrate, undisturbed formation water and oil, or a mixture of water-based drilling fluid filtrate, undisturbed formation water and gas, so that the pollution rate of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate in the sample to the undisturbed formation water is difficult to calculate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention has been developed to provide a method and apparatus for treating the rate of formation water contamination under water-based mud conditions that overcomes or at least partially solves the above-mentioned problems.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating the rate of formation water contamination under water-based mud conditions, the method comprising:
analyzing the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity;
judging whether the conductivity variation amplitude accords with the preset same-layer conductivity variation amplitude or not;
if so, determining that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer, screening out the conductivity to be processed from the conductivity, training by using the conductivity to be processed and the pumping parameters corresponding to the conductivity to be processed as sample data to obtain a data model, and determining the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water according to the data model;
and calculating the pollution rate of the formation water according to the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate obtained in advance and the currently acquired conductivity.
Further, before analyzing the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity, the method further includes:
and pumping fluid in the stratum where the current sampling point is located by using a sampling instrument, and acquiring pumping parameters and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters in real time.
Further, the sampling apparatus comprises: a probe, a pumping module and a conductivity sensor; wherein,
the probe is seated on the well wall, and the pumping module pumps fluid in the stratum where the current sampling point is located through the probe;
the conductivity sensor is arranged at the downstream position of the pumping module in the pumping direction and used for acquiring the conductivity of the fluid in real time.
Further, the conductivity change amplitude includes: along with the change of pumping parameters, the whole fluctuation amplitude of the conductivity and the partial fluctuation amplitude of partial conductivity with the numerical value higher than a preset threshold value in the conductivity;
judging whether the conductivity variation amplitude accords with the preset same-layer conductivity variation amplitude further comprises:
judging whether the overall fluctuation amplitude in the conductivity change amplitude is larger than a first amplitude threshold value and part of fluctuation amplitudes is smaller than a second amplitude threshold value; wherein the first amplitude threshold is greater than the second amplitude threshold;
if so, determining that the conductivity variation amplitude accords with the conductivity variation amplitude of a preset same layer; if not, determining that the conductivity change amplitude does not accord with the preset same-layer conductivity change amplitude.
Further, screening the conductivity to be treated from the conductivities further comprises:
and screening out partial conductivity with the value higher than a preset threshold value from the conductivities to serve as the conductivity to be treated.
Further, training by using the conductivity to be processed and the pumping parameter corresponding to the conductivity to be processed as sample data, and obtaining the data model further comprises:
extracting sample data from the plurality of sample data, wherein the sample data comprises pumping parameters and the conductivity to be processed corresponding to the pumping parameters;
inputting the pumping parameters into an initial data model for training to obtain a training output result, calculating the loss between the training output result and the to-be-processed conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain a loss function, and updating the weight parameters of the initial data model according to the loss function;
and circularly and iteratively executing the steps until an iteration ending condition is met, and obtaining a data model.
Further, the formation water pollution rate is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein epsilon is the pollution rate of formation water; rho 3 Is the currently acquired conductivity; rho 1 Conductivity of undisturbed formation water; rho 2 Is the conductivity of the pre-acquired water-based drilling fluid filtrate.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating the rate of formation water contamination under water-based mud conditions, the apparatus comprising:
the analysis module is suitable for analyzing the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity;
the judging module is suitable for judging whether the conductivity change amplitude accords with the preset same-layer conductivity change amplitude;
the processing module is suitable for determining that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer if the judgment module judges that the variation amplitude of the conductivity of the preset layer is met, screening out the conductivity to be processed from the conductivity, training by using the conductivity to be processed and the pumping parameter corresponding to the conductivity to be processed as sample data to obtain a data model, and determining the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water according to the data model;
and the calculation module is suitable for calculating the pollution rate of the formation water according to the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate obtained in advance and the currently acquired conductivity.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computing device comprising: the processor, the memory and the communication interface complete mutual communication through the communication bus;
the memory is used for storing at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction causes the processor to execute the operation corresponding to the treatment method of the formation water pollution rate under the water-based mud condition.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a computer storage medium having stored thereon at least one executable instruction for causing a processor to perform operations corresponding to the method for treating a formation water contamination rate as described above under water-based mud conditions is provided.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the corresponding conductivity are analyzed to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity, and the stratum where the current sampling point is positioned can be accurately distinguished as an oil-water layer (or an oil-water layer), a stratum water layer or an oil layer (or a gas layer) by analyzing the variation amplitude of the conductivity; aiming at the condition that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is the oil-water layer (or the gas-water layer), the pumping parameters and the conductivity which are acquired in real time are used as sample data for training, the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water can be conveniently and accurately determined according to a data model obtained by training, and then the real-time accurate calculation of the pollution rate of the stratum water is realized according to the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate and the currently acquired conductivity; based on the predicted values of the data model and the pumping parameters, the problem of overhigh stratum water pollution rate caused by insufficient extraction time can be solved, the problem of time, expense and cost loss caused by overlong extraction time can also be solved, and the underground real-time sampling requirement of the oil field exploration logging is well met.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method of treating the rate of formation water contamination under water-based mud conditions, according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the operation of a cable formation pressure sampler;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the sample while drilling instrument;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view showing the arrangement sequence of the parts in the sampling apparatus;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement sequence of the parts in the sampling apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the corresponding conductivity change of a formation water layer;
FIG. 6a shows a first schematic diagram of the corresponding conductivity change of an oil or gas reservoir;
FIG. 6b shows a second schematic diagram of the conductivity change for an oil or gas formation;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the conductivity change for the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer;
FIG. 8 shows a training diagram of a data model;
FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a comparison between measured conductivity and conductivity predicted by a data model;
FIG. 10 shows a plot of formation water contamination rate versus pumping time;
FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a device for treating the rate of formation water contamination under water-based mud conditions, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 shows a schematic structural diagram of a computing device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for treating the rate of formation water contamination under water-based mud conditions, as shown in FIG. 1, comprising the steps of:
and step S101, analyzing the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity.
Before step S101, the method may further include: and pumping fluid in the stratum where the current sampling point is located by using a sampling instrument, and acquiring pumping parameters and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters in real time. Wherein the pumping parameters include: pumping time, pumping volume, etc.
And pumping fluid in the stratum where the current sampling point is located by using a sampling instrument, and acquiring pumping parameters at multiple moments and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters by using the sampling instrument. In particular, the sampling instrument may comprise: the device comprises a probe, a pumping module and a conductivity sensor; the pumping module pumps fluid in the stratum where the current sampling point is located through the probe; the conductivity sensor is arranged at the downstream position of the pumping module in the pumping direction and is used for acquiring the conductivity of the fluid in real time. The sampling instrument may be in particular a cable formation manometry sampler (EFDT) or a sample while drilling Instrument (IFSA).
Fig. 2 shows a schematic operation diagram of the cable formation pressure measurement sampler, as shown in fig. 2, before logging, the cable formation pressure measurement sampler 200 is placed at a target depth downhole, then the probe 201 is seated on the wall of the well, after the seating is successful, the pumping module 202 is started to start, fluid in the formation enters the pipeline through the suction port, the actual measured conductivity is generated through the conductivity sensor 203, and the pumping parameters of the pumping module 202 and the conductivity measured by the conductivity sensor 203 are uploaded to the surface logging system in real time through remote transmission of the cable.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the sampling-while-drilling instrument, and as shown in fig. 3, before logging, the sampling-while-drilling instrument 300 is placed at a target depth downhole, the surface system communicates with the downhole mud transmission device through the mud transmission device, and the downhole mud transmission device issues a surface command to the sampling-while-drilling instrument 300. Then, the sampling while drilling instrument 300 seats the probe 301 on the well wall, and after the seating is successful, the pumping module 302 is started, the fluid in the formation enters the pipeline through the suction port, and the actual measured conductivity is generated through the conductivity sensor 303, and the pumping parameters of the pumping module 302 and the conductivity measured by the conductivity sensor 303 are uploaded to the surface system through the mud transmission device in real time.
On the basis, in the invention, the positions of a pumping module and a conductivity sensor in the sampling instrument are adjusted, and particularly, the conductivity sensor is arranged at the position downstream of the pumping module in the pumping direction so as to obtain slug flow, wherein the slug flow is oil-water two-phase slug flow, gas-water two-phase slug flow or gas-oil-water three-phase slug flow. The pumping module can separate oil-water, gas-water or gas-oil-water under the action of gravity according to the density difference of the fluid, so as to form a section of oil or gas and a section of water fluid, namely a section of slug flow, and the change can be conveniently detected by measuring the conductivity by arranging the conductivity sensor at the position downstream of the pumping module in the pumping direction. Fig. 4a and 4b show a first and a second setting sequence diagram, respectively, of the parts of the sampling apparatus, as shown in fig. 4a and 4b, the conductivity sensor being arranged at a location downstream of the pumping module in the pumping direction.
After the sampling instrument collects the pumping parameters and the conductivities corresponding to the pumping parameters in real time, the pumping parameters and the conductivities corresponding to the pumping parameters collected in real time are analyzed, and the analyzed conductivities change along with the change of the pumping parameters, so that the change amplitude of the conductivities is obtained. Specifically, the conductivity change amplitude may include: the overall fluctuation range of the conductivity and the fluctuation range of the part of the conductivity with the value higher than the preset threshold value along with the change of the pumping parameter. In order to distinguish the fluctuation range of the partial conductivity with the value higher than the preset threshold value in the conductivity from the overall fluctuation range in the above, the present invention refers to the fluctuation range of the partial conductivity with the value higher than the preset threshold value in the conductivity as the partial fluctuation range.
Considering that the stratum where the current sampling point is located may be a stratum water layer, an oil layer, a gas layer, an oil-water layer, or a gas-water layer, because fluids extracted from different layers are different, the variation characteristics of the conductivities of the fluids collected from different layers are also different. The following is a detailed description of the variation characteristics of the electrical conductivity of the fluids of the different layers.
1) Stratum water layer: typically, the electrical conductivity of water (water-based drilling fluid filtrate versus undisturbed formation water) is much greater than that of oil or gas. The conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate and undisturbed formation water is related to the degree of mineralization of ions contained therein. Because the water-based drilling fluid filtrate and undisturbed formation water are completely mutually soluble, no slug flow is formed. The change of the conductivity along with the pumping time or the pumping volume is relatively smooth, that is, the conductivity changes relatively smoothly from the conductivity value mainly based on the filtrate of the water-based drilling fluid to the conductivity value mainly based on the water of the undisturbed formation at the beginning of pumping, as shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the corresponding conductivity change characteristics of the formation water layer include: the overall fluctuation range is smoother. Where conductivity is in Siemens per meter (S/m) and pumping time is in seconds (S).
2) Oil or gas layer: slug flow can form because the water-based drilling fluid filtrate is completely immiscible with the oil (or gas). The conductivity fluctuates dramatically with the pumping time or pumping volume, i.e. the characteristics of the conductivity change include: the overall fluctuation amplitude is relatively severe, for example, the overall fluctuation amplitude is greater than the first amplitude threshold, and a person skilled in the art may set the first amplitude threshold according to actual needs, which is not limited herein. Wherein the lower minimum conductivity for which the comparison is stable corresponds to the conductivity of the oil (or gas). The highest conductivity as a function of pumping time or pumping volume corresponds to the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate. If the water-based drilling fluid filtrate invasion zone is small or the pumping time is long, the slug frequency becomes smaller and smaller as the pumping back-end time or volume increases, the highest conductivity slowly thins and disappears, eventually only the stable oil (or gas) conductivity value, as shown in figure 6 a. However, if the water-based drilling fluid filtrate invasion zone is large and it takes a lot of time to pump clean the water-based drilling fluid filtrate, the maximum conductivity is a stable value for a long period of time early in pumping, as shown in fig. 6b, the conductivity is in siemens per meter (S/m) and the pumping time is in seconds (S).
3) Oil-water layer or gas-water layer: this refers to the combination of an aqueous layer and an oil layer, or the combination of an aqueous layer and a gas layer. Because the water-based drilling fluid filtrate is completely miscible with undisturbed formation water and is completely immiscible with oil (or gas), slug flow can be formed. The electrical conductivity change characteristics corresponding to slug flow include: the overall fluctuation amplitude is relatively severe, for example, the overall fluctuation amplitude is greater than the first amplitude threshold. However, the frequency of slug flow is almost unchanged, and the highest conductivity value corresponds to the conductivity value of the mixture formed by the water-based drilling fluid filtrate and the undisturbed formation water, and the change of the highest conductivity value along with the pumping time or the pumping volume is smooth, namely, the highest conductivity value changes from the conductivity value mainly based on the water-based drilling fluid filtrate at the early stage of pumping to the conductivity value mainly based on the undisturbed formation water smoothly, and finally reaches a relatively stable conductivity value, as shown in fig. 7, the unit of the conductivity is siemens/meter (S/m), and the unit of the pumping time is minutes (min). If only the variation of the highest conductivity value along with the pumping time or the pumping volume is seen, the variation of the conductivity corresponding to the formation water layer is very similar to the schematic diagram of fig. 5, that is, similar to the case of mixing the water-based drilling fluid filtrate and undisturbed formation water, it can be seen that the characteristics of the variation of the conductivity corresponding to the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer further include: the partial fluctuation amplitude of the partial conductivity with the value higher than the preset threshold value in the conductivity is smoother, for example, the partial fluctuation amplitude is smaller than the second amplitude threshold value, and a person skilled in the art may set the second amplitude threshold value according to actual needs, which is not limited herein. Therefore, in the present invention, only a portion of the electrical conductivity whose value is higher than the preset threshold value, that is, only the variation value of the highest electrical conductivity value with time or volume, may be sampled. The preset threshold value can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs, and is not limited herein.
Step S102, judging whether the conductivity variation amplitude accords with the conductivity variation amplitude of a preset same layer; if yes, go to step S103; if not, step S107 is executed.
Whether the conductivity change amplitude accords with the conductivity change characteristic corresponding to the slug flow or not can be judged firstly, and specifically, whether the overall fluctuation amplitude in the conductivity change amplitude is larger than a first amplitude threshold value or not can be judged firstly; if so, the overall fluctuation amplitude of the conductivity is severe, and the conductivity change characteristic corresponding to the slug flow is met; if not, the whole fluctuation range of the conductivity is smooth and does not accord with the conductivity change characteristic corresponding to the slug flow, and then the stratum where the current sampling point is located is determined to be a stratum water layer.
For the conductivity change characteristics corresponding to the slug flow, the conductivity can fluctuate violently along with the pumping time or the pumping volume, namely the overall fluctuation amplitude is larger than a first amplitude threshold value, and for the slug flow formed when the sampling point is positioned in the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer, except the characteristic that the overall fluctuation amplitude is larger than the first amplitude threshold value, the partial fluctuation amplitude of partial conductivity with the numerical value higher than a preset threshold value in the conductivity is smoother, namely the partial fluctuation amplitude is smaller than a second amplitude threshold value. Then, under the condition of determining that the electrical conductivity change characteristic corresponding to the slug flow is met, whether the electrical conductivity change characteristic corresponding to the slug flow formed by the oil layer or the gas layer is met or the electrical conductivity change characteristic corresponding to the slug flow formed by the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer is met needs to be further judged. Specifically, it may be determined whether a portion of the amplitude of the variation in the conductivity is less than a second amplitude threshold, where the first amplitude threshold is greater than the second amplitude threshold; if so, the overall fluctuation range of the conductivity is severe, but the high value change in the conductivity is smooth, the conductivity change range is determined to accord with the conductivity change range of the preset same layer, the conductivity change range of the preset same layer refers to the conductivity change range corresponding to slug flow formed by the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer, and the stratum where the current sampling point is located is determined to be the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer; if not, determining that the conductivity change amplitude does not accord with the preset same-layer conductivity change amplitude but accords with the conductivity change characteristic corresponding to slug flow formed by an oil layer or a gas layer, and determining that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is the oil layer or the gas layer.
And S103, determining the stratum where the current sampling point is located to be an oil-water layer or an air-water layer.
And step S104, screening out the conductivity to be treated from the conductivities.
Wherein, the part of the conductivity with the value higher than the preset threshold value can be screened out from the conductivity to be used as the conductivity to be treated, namely, the high value of the conductivity is screened out for the subsequent treatment.
And S105, training by using the conductivity to be processed and the pumping parameters corresponding to the conductivity to be processed as sample data to obtain a data model, and determining the conductivity of undisturbed formation water according to the data model.
Training an initial data model through sample data, wherein the initial data model can be a neural network model or other models (such as a meditation function model, a logarithmic function model, an exponential function model, a hyperbolic function model and the like), obtaining the trained data model, namely obtaining a corresponding relation between an acquired actual conductivity measurement value and a pumping parameter, and then determining the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water according to a preset pumping parameter and the corresponding relation, wherein the preset pumping parameter is a predicted pumping parameter when the undisturbed formation water can be acquired.
The training process of the data model may include: extracting sample data from the plurality of sample data, wherein the sample data comprises pumping parameters and the conductivity to be processed corresponding to the pumping parameters; inputting the pumping parameters into an initial data model for training to obtain a training output result, calculating the loss between the training output result and the to-be-processed conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain a loss function, and updating the weight parameters of the initial data model according to the loss function; and circularly and iteratively executing the steps until an iteration ending condition is met, and obtaining a data model. The iteration end condition may include: the iteration times reach an iteration time threshold; and/or the output value of the penalty function is less than a penalty threshold. Then, whether the iteration end condition is satisfied can be determined by determining whether the iteration number reaches the iteration number threshold, or whether the iteration end condition is satisfied can be determined according to whether the output value of the loss function is smaller than the loss threshold. And stopping the iteration processing after the iteration ending condition is met, so as to obtain a data model, wherein the data model is a trained model and comprises a corresponding relation between the conductivity and the pumping parameters.
The pumping parameters may include: pumping time, pumping volume, etc. When the pumping parameter is pumping time, presetting the pumping parameter as the pumping time larger than a preset time threshold; when the pumping parameter is the pumping volume, the preset pumping parameter is the pumping volume larger than the preset volume threshold value. The preset time threshold and the preset time threshold may be set by those skilled in the art according to actual needs (formation and fluid properties, probe type, etc.), for example, the preset time threshold may be the time required for pumping 500 liters of fluid calculated based on the pumping rate, and the preset volume threshold may be 500 liters.
Wherein, the input variable of the initial data model is a pumping parameter, the output is the conductivity, and the pumping parameter can be obtained by an artificial neural networkAnd predicting the conductivity of undisturbed formation water by methods such as a network (ANN) and the like. FIG. 8 shows a training diagram of a data model, as shown in FIG. 8, based on the pumped volume V ═ V 1 ,V 2 ,...,V n ]Or pumping time t ═ t 1 ,t 2 ,...,t n ]As input variables of the input layer of the initial data model, model parameters W and b (the hidden layer may be a single layer or multiple layers) are assumed in the hidden layer, the output of the initial data model is a training output result, and the training output result may be a ═ g (Wp + b), where p is an input variable and g is a conversion function, such as a Sigmoid function or other functions. The output layer uses the initial data model to predict the conductivity rho ═ rho 1 ,ρ 2 ,...,ρ n ]. In the prediction process, a loss function is calculated
Wherein,
for the actual measured conductivity, p, in the ith sample data i The resulting conductivity is predicted using the pumping parameters in the ith sample data as input to the initial data model. The parameters W and b may be adjusted by a gradient descent method, a quasi-newton method, or the like, so as to achieve a global minimum of the loss function, thereby obtaining an optimal model ρ ═ f (V, W, b) or ρ ═ f (t, W, b). And then, enabling the pumping volume V or the pumping time t to be preset pumping parameters, and finally obtaining the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water.
Fig. 9 shows a schematic comparison between the measured conductivity and the conductivity predicted by the data model, which, as shown in fig. 9, fits well with the high value of the measured conductivity.
And S106, calculating the pollution rate of the formation water according to the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate obtained in advance and the currently acquired conductivity.
Wherein, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate can be obtained by adopting the following modes: measuring the conductivity of the fluid as the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate, i.e. the conductivity of the pure water-based drilling fluid filtrate, when pumping is started; or, obtaining a drilling fluid filter cake from the underground to the ground, pressing out filtrate, measuring the conductivity of the fluid by using an EFDT measuring instrument, and correcting the conductivity to the conductivity at the temperature and the pressure corresponding to the collected stratum as the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate; or during measurement, the conductivity of the drilling fluid filtrate during measurement is calculated as the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate according to the preset corresponding relation between the conductivity of various types of drilling fluids and the temperature and the pressure, the type of the drilling fluid and the temperature and the pressure corresponding to the formation during measurement.
After the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate and the currently acquired conductivity are obtained, the formation water pollution rate can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein epsilon is the pollution rate of formation water; rho 3 Is the currently acquired conductivity; rho 1 Conductivity of undisturbed formation water; rho 2 Is the conductivity of the pre-acquired water-based drilling fluid filtrate. The calculated change in formation water contamination rate with pumping time using the predicted conductivity of undisturbed formation water can be shown in figure 10.
And S107, determining that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is not an oil-water layer or a gas-water layer.
The stratum where the current sampling point is located may be a stratum water layer, an oil layer or a gas layer. Aiming at the condition that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is not the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer, other modes are needed to calculate the stratum water pollution rate, and the method is not introduced.
According to the method for treating the pollution rate of the formation water under the water-based mud condition, the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the corresponding conductivity are analyzed to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity, and the stratum where the current sampling point is located can be accurately distinguished as an oil-water layer (or an air-water layer), a formation water layer or an oil layer (or a gas layer) by analyzing the variation amplitude of the conductivity; aiming at the condition that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is the oil-water layer (or the gas-water layer), the pumping parameters and the conductivity which are acquired in real time are used as sample data for training, the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water can be conveniently and accurately determined according to a data model obtained by training, and then the real-time accurate calculation of the pollution rate of the stratum water is realized according to the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate and the currently acquired conductivity; based on the data model and the predicted value of the pumping parameters, the problem of overhigh stratum water pollution rate caused by insufficient extraction time can be solved, the problem of time, expense and cost loss caused by overlong extraction time can also be solved, and the real-time sampling requirement of the underground fluid of the oil field exploration logging is well met.
FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for treating the rate of formation water contamination under water-based mud conditions, as shown in FIG. 11, comprising: an analysis module 1101, a judgment module 1102, a processing module 1103, and a calculation module 1104.
The analysis module 1101 is adapted to: and analyzing the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain the conductivity change amplitude.
The determining module 1102 is adapted to: and judging whether the conductivity variation amplitude accords with the preset same-layer conductivity variation amplitude.
The processing module 1103 is adapted to: if the judgment module 1102 judges that the variation amplitude of the conductivity of the preset same layer is obtained, the stratum where the current sampling point is located is determined to be the oil-water same layer or the gas-water same layer, the conductivity to be processed is screened out from the conductivity, training is carried out by using the conductivity to be processed and the pumping parameters corresponding to the conductivity to be processed as sample data to obtain a data model, and the conductivity of the water of the undisturbed stratum is determined according to the data model.
The calculation module 1104 is adapted to: and calculating the pollution rate of the formation water according to the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate obtained in advance and the currently acquired conductivity.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: the acquisition module 1105 is adapted to utilize a sampling instrument to pump the fluid in the formation where the current sampling point is located, and acquire the pumping parameters and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters in real time.
Optionally, the sampling apparatus comprises: a probe, a pumping module and a conductivity sensor; the pumping module pumps fluid in the stratum where the current sampling point is located through the probe; the conductivity sensor is arranged at the downstream position of the pumping module in the pumping direction and used for acquiring the conductivity of the fluid in real time.
Optionally, the conductivity change amplitude comprises: the overall fluctuation amplitude of the conductivity and the partial fluctuation amplitude of the partial conductivity with the value higher than the preset threshold value in the conductivity are changed along with the change of the pumping parameters. The determining module 1102 is further adapted to: judging whether the overall fluctuation amplitude in the conductivity change amplitude is larger than a first amplitude threshold value and part of fluctuation amplitudes is smaller than a second amplitude threshold value; wherein the first amplitude threshold is greater than the second amplitude threshold; if so, determining that the conductivity variation amplitude accords with the preset same-layer conductivity variation amplitude; if not, determining that the conductivity change amplitude does not accord with the preset same-layer conductivity change amplitude.
Optionally, the processing module 1103 is further adapted to: and screening out partial conductivity with the value higher than a preset threshold value from the conductivities to serve as the conductivity to be treated.
Optionally, the processing module 1103 is further adapted to: extracting sample data from the plurality of sample data, wherein the sample data comprises pumping parameters and the conductivity to be processed corresponding to the pumping parameters; inputting the pumping parameters into an initial data model for training to obtain a training output result, calculating the loss between the training output result and the to-be-processed conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain a loss function, and updating the weight parameters of the initial data model according to the loss function; and circularly and iteratively executing the steps until an iteration ending condition is met, and obtaining a data model.
Optionally, the formation water contamination rate is calculated using the following formula:
wherein epsilon is the stratum water pollution rate; ρ is a unit of a gradient 3 Is the currently acquired conductivity; rho 1 Conductivity of undisturbed formation water; rho 2 Is the conductivity of the pre-acquired water-based drilling fluid filtrate.
According to the treatment device for the pollution rate of the formation water under the water-based mud condition, the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the corresponding conductivity are analyzed to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity, and the stratum where the current sampling point is located can be accurately distinguished as an oil-water layer (or an air-water layer), a formation water layer or an oil layer (or a gas layer) by analyzing the variation amplitude of the conductivity; aiming at the condition that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is the oil-water layer (or the gas-water layer), the pumping parameters and the conductivity which are acquired in real time are used as sample data for training, the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water can be conveniently and accurately determined according to a data model obtained by training, and then the real-time accurate calculation of the pollution rate of the stratum water is realized according to the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate and the currently acquired conductivity; based on the data model and the predicted value of the pumping parameters, the problem of overhigh stratum water pollution rate caused by insufficient extraction time can be solved, the problem of time, expense and cost loss caused by overlong extraction time can also be solved, and the real-time sampling requirement of the underground fluid of the oil field exploration logging is well met.
The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer storage medium having stored thereon at least one executable instruction that is executable to perform a method of treating a formation water contamination rate under water-based mud conditions as in any of the method embodiments described above.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the specific embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific implementation of the computing device.
As shown in fig. 12, the computing device may include: a processor (processor)1202, a communication Interface 1204, a memory 1206, and a communication bus 1208.
Wherein:
the processor 1202, communication interface 1204, and memory 1206 communicate with one another via a communication bus 1208.
A communication interface 1204 for communicating with network elements of other devices, such as clients or other servers.
The processor 1202 is configured to execute the routine 1210, which may be embodied to perform the steps associated with the embodiments of the method for treating the formation water contamination rate in water-based mud conditions described above.
In particular, program 1210 may include program code comprising computer operating instructions.
The processor 1202 may be a central processing unit CPU, or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or one or more Integrated circuits configured to implement an embodiment of the present invention. The computing device includes one or more processors, which may be the same type of processor, such as one or more CPUs; or may be different types of processors such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.
The memory 1206 is used for storing programs 1210. The memory 1206 may comprise high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.
The routine 1210 may be specifically adapted to cause the processor 1202 to perform a treatment method for the formation water contamination rate under water-based mud conditions in any of the method embodiments described above. The specific implementation of the steps in the procedure 1210 may refer to the corresponding description in the corresponding steps and units in the above embodiment of treating the formation water contamination rate under the water-based mud condition, and will not be described herein again. It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described devices and modules may refer to the corresponding process descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual machine, or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for constructing such a system will be apparent from the description above. Moreover, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It is appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the present invention as described herein, and any descriptions of specific languages are provided above to disclose the best mode of the invention.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be construed to reflect the intent: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the device in an embodiment may be adaptively changed and disposed in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or elements of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or processes or elements are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.
Various component embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) may be used in practice to implement some or all of the functionality of some or all of the components in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. The present invention may also be embodied as apparatus or device programs (e.g., computer programs and computer program products) for performing a portion or all of the methods described herein. Such programs implementing the present invention may be stored on computer-readable media or may be in the form of one or more signals. Such a signal may be downloaded from an internet website or provided on a carrier signal or in any other form.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering. These words may be interpreted as names.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating the rate of formation water contamination under water-based mud conditions, the method comprising:
analyzing the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity;
judging whether the conductivity variation amplitude accords with the preset same-layer conductivity variation amplitude or not;
if so, determining that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is an oil-water layer or an air-water layer, screening out the conductivity to be processed from the conductivity, training by using the conductivity to be processed and the pumping parameters corresponding to the conductivity to be processed as sample data to obtain a data model, and determining the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water according to the data model;
and calculating the pollution rate of the formation water according to the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate obtained in advance and the currently acquired conductivity.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before analyzing the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the electrical conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain the variation amplitude of the electrical conductivity, the method further comprises:
and pumping fluid in the stratum where the current sampling point is located by using a sampling instrument, and acquiring pumping parameters and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters in real time.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the sampling instrument comprises: a probe, a pumping module and a conductivity sensor; wherein,
the probe is seated on the well wall, and the pumping module pumps fluid in the stratum where the current sampling point is located through the probe;
the conductivity sensor is arranged at the downstream position of the pumping module in the pumping direction and used for acquiring the conductivity of the fluid in real time.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnitude of the change in conductivity comprises: the overall fluctuation amplitude of the conductivity and the partial fluctuation amplitude of the partial conductivity with the value higher than a preset threshold value in the conductivity are changed along with the change of pumping parameters;
the determining whether the conductivity variation amplitude conforms to a preset same-layer conductivity variation amplitude further includes:
judging whether the whole fluctuation amplitude in the conductivity change amplitudes is larger than a first amplitude threshold value and part of fluctuation amplitudes is smaller than a second amplitude threshold value; wherein the first amplitude threshold is greater than the second amplitude threshold;
if so, determining that the conductivity variation amplitude accords with the preset same-layer conductivity variation amplitude; if not, determining that the conductivity change amplitude does not accord with the preset same layer conductivity change amplitude.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said screening said conductivity for treatment further comprises:
and screening out partial conductivity with the value higher than a preset threshold value from the conductivities to serve as the conductivity to be treated.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the training using the conductivity to be processed and the pumping parameter corresponding to the conductivity to be processed as sample data to obtain the data model further comprises:
extracting sample data from a plurality of sample data, wherein the sample data comprises pumping parameters and the conductivity to be processed corresponding to the pumping parameters;
inputting the pumping parameters into an initial data model for training to obtain a training output result, calculating the loss between the training output result and the to-be-processed conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain a loss function, and updating the weight parameters of the initial data model according to the loss function;
and circularly and iteratively executing the steps until an iteration ending condition is met, and obtaining a data model.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the formation water contamination rate is calculated using the formula:
wherein epsilon is the stratum water pollution rate; rho 3 Is the currently acquired conductivity; ρ is a unit of a gradient 1 Is the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water; rho 2 Is the conductivity of the pre-acquired water-based drilling fluid filtrate.
8. An apparatus for treating the rate of formation water contamination under water-based mud conditions, the apparatus comprising:
the analysis module is suitable for analyzing the pumping parameters acquired in real time and the conductivity corresponding to the pumping parameters to obtain the variation amplitude of the conductivity;
the judging module is suitable for judging whether the conductivity change amplitude accords with the conductivity change amplitude of a preset same layer;
the processing module is suitable for determining that the stratum where the current sampling point is located is the oil-water layer or the gas-water layer if the judgment module judges that the variation amplitude of the conductivity of the preset layer is met, screening out the conductivity to be processed from the conductivity, training by using the conductivity to be processed and the pumping parameter corresponding to the conductivity to be processed as sample data to obtain a data model, and determining the conductivity of the undisturbed stratum water according to the data model;
and the calculation module is suitable for calculating the pollution rate of the formation water according to the conductivity of the undisturbed formation water, the conductivity of the water-based drilling fluid filtrate obtained in advance and the currently acquired conductivity.
9. A computing device, comprising: the system comprises a processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface complete mutual communication through the communication bus;
the memory is configured to store at least one executable instruction that causes the processor to perform operations corresponding to the method of treating a formation water contamination rate in a water-based mud condition of any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer storage medium having stored therein at least one executable instruction for causing a processor to perform operations corresponding to the method of treating a water contamination rate of a formation under water-based mud conditions of any one of claims 1-7.
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