CN113390964B - Acoustic test device and test method for Hopkinson compression bar test system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于冲击动力学领域和声波测试技术领域，特别涉及一种用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试装置及测试方法。The invention belongs to the field of impact dynamics and the technical field of acoustic wave testing, and in particular relates to an acoustic wave testing device and testing method for a Hopkinson compression bar testing system.
背景技术Background technique
岩石、混凝土等固体材料内部包含着大量的孔洞、节理、裂隙等缺陷，研究岩石、混凝土等材料在动态冲击加载下的损伤破坏规律能更好的分析其动力学特性，了解固体材料的动态损伤演化过程有助于分析岩石的破坏规律及声波的传播与衰减规律。Solid materials such as rocks and concrete contain a large number of holes, joints, cracks and other defects. Studying the damage and failure laws of rocks, concrete and other materials under dynamic impact loading can better analyze their dynamic characteristics and understand the dynamic damage of solid materials. The evolution process is helpful to analyze the law of rock failure and the law of propagation and attenuation of sound waves.
现有的分析固体材料内部结构损伤的技术方法主要是基于霍普金森压杆冲击试验前后，首先对试样进行冲击试验，之后取完整试样利用CT扫描或核磁共振等来标定岩石、混凝土等固体材料试验前后的损伤表征动态损伤，这类方法存在以下缺点：冲击试验之后的试样损伤测定并不能完全的代表岩石、混凝土等材料的动态损伤，不能得到试样受冲击破坏过程中的动态损伤，且试样受冲击破坏易飞散、不能保证完整的试样进行损伤测定；试样在搬离、处理等操作过程中还容易造成试样二次损伤或破坏。因此，为了进一步研究原位状态下试样受冲击破坏过程的动态损伤，仅采用以上技术是无法实现的。The existing technical methods for analyzing the internal structural damage of solid materials are mainly based on the Hopkinson compression bar impact test. The damage before and after the solid material test represents the dynamic damage. This method has the following disadvantages: the damage measurement of the sample after the impact test cannot completely represent the dynamic damage of rock, concrete and other materials, and the dynamic damage of the sample during the impact damage process cannot be obtained. damage, and the sample is easily scattered due to impact damage, and the complete sample cannot be guaranteed for damage measurement; the sample is easily damaged or destroyed during the operation process such as removal and handling of the sample. Therefore, in order to further study the dynamic damage of the sample under the impact failure process in the in-situ state, it is impossible to use only the above techniques.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种可以在原位状态下测试岩石、混凝土等固体材料动态冲击损伤演化过程的装置，提供了一种用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试装置及测试方法。本发明的装置能够动态发射和接收固体材料受冲击破坏时的超声波信号，从而构建受冲击破坏的固体材料的三维立体动态损伤演化模型。The object of the present invention is to provide a device capable of testing the dynamic impact damage evolution process of solid materials such as rocks and concrete in an in-situ state, and provides an acoustic wave testing device and testing method for a Hopkinson compression bar test system. The device of the invention can dynamically transmit and receive ultrasonic signals when solid materials are damaged by impact, so as to construct a three-dimensional dynamic damage evolution model of solid materials damaged by impact.
本发明的技术方案之一是，一种用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试装置，包括测试体、声波发射器、声波接收器、声波仪及数据处理系统，所述测试体为空心圆柱状，测试体的一端插入霍普金森入射杆，测试体的另一端插入霍普金森透射杆，测试体侧壁沿横轴线方向分为两部分，一半均匀镶嵌有数个声波发射器、另一半均匀镶嵌有数个声波接收器，声波发射器和声波接收器对称设置，测试体侧壁上还设置有耦合介质注入输出孔和排气孔；One of the technical solutions of the present invention is, a kind of acoustic wave testing device that is used for Hopkinson compression bar test system, comprises testing body, acoustic wave emitter, acoustic wave receiver, acoustic wave instrument and data processing system, and described testing body is hollow Cylindrical, one end of the test body is inserted into the Hopkinson incident rod, and the other end of the test body is inserted into the Hopkinson transmission rod. The side wall of the test body is divided into two parts along the horizontal axis. Several acoustic wave receivers are uniformly inlaid, and the acoustic wave transmitters and acoustic wave receivers are symmetrically arranged, and the side wall of the test body is also provided with coupling medium injection and output holes and exhaust holes;
所述声波仪分别与声波发射器和声波接收器连接；The acoustic wave instrument is respectively connected with the acoustic wave transmitter and the acoustic wave receiver;
所述数据处理系统与声波仪连接。The data processing system is connected with the acoustic wave instrument.
进一步的，上述用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试装置，声波发射器和声波接收器的安装密度为个/4～6mm。Further, in the acoustic wave testing device used in the Hopkinson compression bar test system, the installation density of the acoustic wave transmitters and acoustic wave receivers is 4-6 mm each.
本发明的技术方案之二为，一种用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试方法，利用了上述的装置，包括如下步骤：The second technical solution of the present invention is, a kind of acoustic wave test method for Hopkinson compression bar test system, has utilized above-mentioned device, comprises the following steps:
1、在试样表面涂满耦合介质后放入测试体内，向测试体内注入耦合介质，注满后密封测试体；1. After the surface of the sample is covered with coupling medium, put it into the test body, inject the coupling medium into the test body, and seal the test body after filling;
2、通过声波仪开启声波发射器和声波接收器，利用数据处理系统测得试样内部原始缺陷特征；2. Turn on the acoustic wave transmitter and acoustic wave receiver through the acoustic wave instrument, and use the data processing system to measure the original defect characteristics of the sample;
3、采用霍普金森压杆试验系统实施冲击试验，试验结束后根据采集的声波信号，利用数据处理系统得到试样内部缺陷的三维信息(X、Y、Z)及缺陷的深度、大小和类型，然后将缺陷的特征(深度、大小和类型)和三维信息数据导入ANSYS进行三维损伤建模，再将多个三维损伤模型进行合成构建，即可得到三维立体动态损伤演化模型。3. Use the Hopkinson pressure bar test system to implement the impact test. After the test, according to the collected acoustic signal, use the data processing system to obtain the three-dimensional information (X, Y, Z) of the internal defect of the sample and the depth, size and type of the defect , and then import defect characteristics (depth, size and type) and 3D information data into ANSYS for 3D damage modeling, and then synthesize multiple 3D damage models to obtain a 3D dynamic damage evolution model.
进一步的，上述用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试方法，耦合介质为黄油。Further, in the above-mentioned acoustic wave test method used in the Hopkinson pressure bar test system, the coupling medium is butter.
进一步的，上述用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试方法，测试体上声波发射器和声波接收器的设置数量根据伸入测试体内的入射杆和透射杆的长度和安装密度进行计算；Further, the above-mentioned acoustic wave testing method for the Hopkinson pressure bar test system, the number of acoustic wave transmitters and acoustic wave receivers on the test body is calculated according to the length and installation density of the incident rod and the transmission rod extending into the test body;
其中，DF＝DJ＝LC-(LR+LT)Among them, D F ＝ D J ＝ L C -(L R + L T )
式中DF为试样对应声波发射器所处区域的长度，DJ为试样对应声波接收器所处区域的长度，LC为测试体的长度，LR为入射杆伸入测试体的长度，LT为透射杆伸入测试体的长度；In the formula, D F is the length of the area where the sample corresponds to the acoustic wave transmitter, D J is the length of the area where the sample corresponds to the acoustic wave receiver, LC is the length of the test body, and LR is the length of the incident rod extending into the test body. Length, L T is the length of the transmission rod extending into the test body;
计算出试样对应的声波发射器(或声波接收器)所处区域的长度，再根据测试体的直径以及声波发射器(或声波接收器)的安装密度(个/4～6mm)，即可得出用于测试的声波发射器(或声波接收器)数量。Calculate the length of the area where the acoustic wave transmitter (or acoustic wave receiver) corresponding to the sample is located, and then according to the diameter of the test body and the installation density of the acoustic wave transmitter (or acoustic wave receiver) (each / 4 ~ 6mm), you can Find the number of acoustic emitters (or acoustic receivers) used for testing.
进一步的，上述用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试方法，所述步骤3中，基于声波的传播速度远大于试样破坏速度的规律，可在试样破坏过程中测得多组声波信息，即按每50～150μs进行一次声波发射与接收。Further, in the above-mentioned acoustic wave testing method for the Hopkinson compression bar test system, in the step 3, based on the law that the propagation velocity of the acoustic wave is much greater than the sample destruction velocity, multiple sets of sound waves can be measured during the sample destruction process Information, that is, to transmit and receive sound waves every 50 to 150 μs.
进一步的，上述用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试方法，所述步骤3中，将多个损伤模型进行合成构建的方法为：Further, in the above-mentioned acoustic wave test method used for the Hopkinson compression bar test system, in the step 3, the method for synthesizing and constructing multiple damage models is:
1)单个声波发送器和接收器在某个时间点所对应的三维损伤建模获得的损伤模型体现的试样内部缺陷特征为片状结构，全部的片状结构组合形成试样的整体结构(柱状结构)，即可得到某个时间点的三维损伤模型；1) The damage model obtained from the three-dimensional damage modeling corresponding to a single acoustic wave transmitter and receiver at a certain point in time reflects the internal defect characteristics of the sample as a sheet structure, and all the sheet structures are combined to form the overall structure of the sample ( columnar structure), the three-dimensional damage model at a certain time point can be obtained;
2)将一次冲击试验中测得的不同时间点的三维损伤模型融合在一起，即可构建三维立体动态损伤演化模型。2) A three-dimensional dynamic damage evolution model can be constructed by fusing the three-dimensional damage models at different time points measured in an impact test.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优势在于：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of:
1)本发明的装置和方法可用于研究固体材料受霍普金森冲击试验的动态损伤演化过程，可构建三维立体动态损伤演化模型；1) The device and method of the present invention can be used to study the dynamic damage evolution process of solid materials subjected to the Hopkinson impact test, and can construct a three-dimensional dynamic damage evolution model;
2)本发明实现了原位状态下测试岩石、混凝土等固体材料的动态冲击损伤演化及其对超声波传播速度、幅值和频谱等衰减规律的影响，保证了试样破坏后的完整程度，利于进行下一次冲击试验。根据声波的传播过程及规律，可反演固体材料试样内部裂纹或节理的扩展情况，直观的反映出霍普金森冲击试验前后试样内部的三维损伤程度。2) The present invention realizes the dynamic impact damage evolution of solid materials such as rocks and concrete tested in situ and its influence on the attenuation laws of ultrasonic propagation velocity, amplitude and frequency spectrum, and ensures the integrity of the sample after damage, which is beneficial to Proceed to the next impact test. According to the propagation process and law of the sound wave, the internal crack or joint expansion of the solid material sample can be reversed, and the three-dimensional damage degree inside the sample before and after the Hopkinson impact test can be intuitively reflected.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of device structure of the present invention;
其中，1、测试体；2、声波发射器；3、声波接收器；4、试样；5、耦合介质注入输出孔；6、排气孔；7、入射杆；8、透射杆；9、声波仪；10、数据处理系统。Among them, 1. Test body; 2. Acoustic transmitter; 3. Acoustic receiver; 4. Sample; 5. Coupling medium injection output hole; 6. Vent; 7. Incident rod; 8. Transmission rod; Acoustic instrument; 10. Data processing system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
一种用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试装置，包括测试体1、声波发射器2、声波接收器3、声波仪9及数据处理系统10，所述测试体为空心圆柱状，测试体的一端插入霍普金森入射杆7，测试体的另一端插入霍普金森透射杆8，测试体1侧壁沿轴心方向分为两部分，一半均匀镶嵌有数个声波发射器2、另一半均匀镶嵌有数个声波接收器3，声波发射器2和声波接收器3对称设置，测试体侧壁上还设置有耦合介质注入输出孔5和排气孔6；A kind of sound wave testing device for Hopkinson compression bar test system, comprising test body 1, sound wave transmitter 2, sound wave receiver 3,
所述声波仪9分别与声波发射器和声波接收器连接；The
所述数据处理系统10与声波仪9连接。The
所述测试体上声波发射器和声波接收器的设置数量根据伸入测试体内的入射杆和透射杆的长度和分别密度进行计算：可按式DF＝DJ＝LC-(LR+LT)进行数量标记，式中DF为试样对应声波发射器所处区域的长度，DJ为试样对应声波接收器所处区域的长度，LC为测试体的长度，LR为入射杆伸入测试体的长度，LT为透射杆伸入测试体的长度；计算出试样对应的声波发射器(或声波接收器)所处区域的长度，本实施例测试体的内径为50mm，再根据声波发射器(或声波接收器)的分布密度(个/5mm)，即可统计用于测试的声波发射器(或声波接收器)数量。The number of acoustic wave transmitters and acoustic wave receivers on the test body is calculated according to the lengths and respective densities of the incident rods and transmission rods extending into the test body: it can be calculated according to the formula D F = D J = L C -(L R + L T ) for quantity marking, where DF is the length of the area where the sample corresponds to the acoustic wave transmitter, D J is the length of the area where the sample corresponds to the acoustic wave receiver, LC is the length of the test body, and LR is The length of the incident rod extending into the test body, LT is the length of the transmission rod extending into the test body; calculate the length of the region where the corresponding acoustic wave transmitter (or acoustic wave receiver) of the sample is located, and the internal diameter of the test body in this embodiment is 50mm, and then according to the distribution density of sound wave emitters (or sound wave receivers) (pieces/5mm), the number of sound wave emitters (or sound wave receivers) used for testing can be counted.
采用上述实施例用于霍普金森压杆试验系统的声波测试方法，包括如下步骤：The acoustic wave testing method for the Hopkinson pressure bar test system using the above-mentioned embodiment comprises the following steps:
1、在试样4表面涂满耦合介质后放入测试体内，向测试体内注入耦合介质，注满后密封测试体；1. Put the coupling medium into the test body after coating the surface of the sample 4, inject the coupling medium into the test body, and seal the test body after filling;
2、通过声波仪开启声波发射器和声波接收器，利用数据处理系统测得试样内部原始缺陷特征；2. Turn on the acoustic wave transmitter and acoustic wave receiver through the acoustic wave instrument, and use the data processing system to measure the original defect characteristics of the sample;
3、每100μs进行一次声波发射与接收，采用霍普金森压杆试验系统实施冲击试验，试验结束后根据采集的声波信号，利用数据处理系统得到试样内部缺陷的三维信息(X、Y、Z)及缺陷的深度、大小和类型，然后将缺陷的特征和三维信息数据进行单个声波发送器和接收器在某个时间点所对应的三维损伤建模，单个声波发送器和接收器在某个时间点所对应的三维损伤建模获得的损伤模型体现的试样内部缺陷特征为片状结构，全部的片状结构组合形成试样的整体结构(柱状结构)，即可得到其中某个时间点的三维损伤模型；其次，将一次冲击试验中测得的不同时间点的三维损伤模型融合在一起，即可构建三维立体动态损伤演化模型。3. The sound wave is emitted and received every 100μs, and the impact test is carried out by using the Hopkinson compression bar test system. After the test is completed, according to the collected sound wave signal, the three-dimensional information (X, Y, Z) of the internal defects of the sample is obtained by using the data processing system ) and the depth, size and type of the defect, and then carry out the three-dimensional damage modeling corresponding to a single acoustic wave transmitter and receiver at a certain time point with the defect characteristics and three-dimensional information data, and a single acoustic wave transmitter and receiver at a certain time point The damage model obtained by the three-dimensional damage modeling corresponding to the time point reflects the internal defect characteristics of the sample as a sheet structure, and all the sheet structures are combined to form the overall structure (columnar structure) of the sample, and one of the time points can be obtained The three-dimensional damage model; secondly, a three-dimensional dynamic damage evolution model can be constructed by fusing the three-dimensional damage models at different time points measured in an impact test.
实施例2Example 2
利用实施例1的装置，选择与测试体内壁尺寸相吻合的花岗岩试件，在试件表面涂满耦合介质，将试件放入声波测试体内，进行耦合介质充填，打开声波仪测得试样内部原始缺陷特征，再进行冲击试验，基于数据处理系统利用采集的声波信号构建三维立体动态损伤演化模型。Utilize the device of embodiment 1, select the granite specimen that matches the wall size of the test body, coat the coupling medium on the surface of the specimen, put the specimen into the acoustic wave test body, fill the coupling medium, turn on the acoustic wave instrument to measure the sample The internal original defect characteristics, and then the impact test is carried out, and the three-dimensional dynamic damage evolution model is constructed based on the collected acoustic wave signal based on the data processing system.
实施例3Example 3
利用实施例1的装置，选择多个尺寸相同的大理岩试件，在试件表面涂满耦合介质，将试件放入声波测试体内，进行耦合介质充填，打开声波仪测得试样内部原始缺陷特征，再进行冲击试验，基于数据处理系统利用采集的声波信号构建三维立体动态损伤演化模型。Using the device in Example 1, select a plurality of marble specimens of the same size, coat the surface of the specimens with a coupling medium, put the specimens into the acoustic wave test body, fill the coupling medium, and turn on the acoustic wave instrument to measure the original Based on the data processing system, the collected acoustic wave signals are used to construct a three-dimensional dynamic damage evolution model.
实施例4Example 4
利用实施例1的装置，选择坚固的石灰岩试件，在试件表面涂满耦合介质，将试件放入声波测试体内，进行耦合介质充填，打开声波仪测得试样内部原始缺陷特征，再进行循环冲击试验，基于数据处理系统利用采集的声波信号构建三维立体动态损伤演化模型。Using the device in Example 1, select a solid limestone test piece, coat the surface of the test piece with a coupling medium, put the test piece into the acoustic wave test body, fill the coupling medium, turn on the acoustic wave instrument to measure the original defect characteristics inside the sample, and then The cyclic impact test is carried out, and the three-dimensional dynamic damage evolution model is constructed based on the data processing system using the collected acoustic signals.
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| CN107941595A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-20 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of method that Simulations on Dynamic Damage in Brittle Rocks degree is measured under the conditions of confined pressure |
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| CN107941595A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-20 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of method that Simulations on Dynamic Damage in Brittle Rocks degree is measured under the conditions of confined pressure |
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