CN113390541B - Similar simulation experiment model and laying method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A similar simulation experiment model and a laying method thereof are disclosed, the experiment model comprises: the device comprises an experimental model body, wherein the experimental model body consists of a plurality of combined block layers and filling materials which are sequentially arranged in the longitudinal direction, and each combined block layer consists of a plurality of combined blocks which are sequentially arranged in the left-right direction; the filling material is filled in gaps among all combined blocks in the experiment model body; the combined block body is composed of an anti-tension rod positioned in the middle, a front framework block fixedly connected to the front end of the anti-tension rod and a rear framework block fixedly connected to the rear end of the anti-tension rod. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a sufficient amount of the combined block; paving a bottom layer similar material on the experiment table; paving layers of similar materials from bottom to top in sequence; carrying out a similar simulation experiment; and recovering the combined block. The model can be prefabricated in advance, and can be effectively used in a simulation experiment for many times. The method has the advantages of simple laying method and few construction steps, and thoroughly solves the problem of lateral collapse during laying and experiments.

Description

A similar simulation experiment model and its laying method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor physical similar simulation experiments, and in particular relates to a similar simulation experiment model and a laying method thereof.

Background technique

As an important discipline in the field of civil engineering, geotechnical engineering involves increasingly complex problems. It is difficult to solve the problems encountered in engineering practice only through theoretical analysis, so corresponding experiments must be carried out to verify the analysis. A better simulation effect can be achieved through similar simulation experiments.

Similarity simulation experiment is an inevitable product of social development. Similarity simulation experiment makes a model of a certain size according to the corresponding similarity principle by comparing the on-site stratum, etc., and then imitates the actual operation on the site to excavate and pressurize the model to observe the model. Based on the change of the model, the mechanism of deformation and failure of the rock formation on site is studied. The advantage of similar simulation experiment is that similar simulation experiment is a scientific research method that closely combines theory with actual conditions on site, and it is an effective method to solve problems in geotechnical engineering at present.

Similar simulation experiments need to make test benches, observation devices, similar simulation materials, etc., and the most important thing is to make similar simulation experimental models. Most of the current indoor physical similar simulation experiments use disposable similar simulation experimental models, that is, by sand , lime, etc. are mixed according to a certain ratio to make a similar model, but this traditional similar simulation model has considerable limitations:

First of all, the preparation process of traditional similar analog materials is relatively complicated. Traditional similar materials are prone to lateral collapse during the experiment process, which will affect the progress of the experiment. At the same time, making similar analog materials will take up a lot of time and waste a lot of researchers. Precious time; the traditional similar simulation system is time-consuming and labor-intensive, whether it is the laying at the beginning of the experiment or the dismantling after the experiment, which seriously affects the experiment process and scientific research efficiency.

Secondly, the proportion of materials used in the traditional similar simulation model consumes a lot. Since the materials in the traditional similar simulation model are all one-time use materials, they are treated as experimental waste at the end of the experiment, which not only wastes resources, increases In addition to the economic cost, the most important thing is to cause certain environmental pollution and bring certain environmental protection problems.

Finally, the materials in the traditional similar simulation model are made by mixing sand, lime and other materials. Due to their material characteristics and other factors, they will be affected by problems such as differences in curing time and the scientificity of material ratios, so some materials will The phenomenon that does not meet the experimental requirements.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a similar simulation experiment model and its laying method. The model can be prefabricated in advance, and can be used in similar simulation experiments multiple times and effectively, and will not The phenomenon of collapsing occurs quickly, which can improve the efficiency of the experiment and avoid the waste of materials. The method has the advantages of simple laying method, few construction steps, low construction cost and less investment time, and completely eliminates the problem of lateral collapse during laying and testing.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a similar simulation experimental model, including an experimental model body, the experimental model body is composed of multiple layers of combined block layers and filling materials arranged in sequence in the longitudinal direction, and each layer of combined block layers is composed of multiple It consists of a plurality of combined blocks arranged in sequence along the left and right directions; the filling material is filled in the gaps between all the combined blocks inside the experimental model body; the combined block is fixed by an anti-tension rod located in the middle It consists of a front frame block connected to the front end of the anti-tension rod and a rear frame block fixedly connected to the rear end of the anti-tension rod.

Further, in order to provide the versatility of this experimental model, the multiple composite blocks in each composite block layer are closely arranged, and the composite blocks in two adjacent composite block layers are closely arranged.

Further, in order to provide the versatility of this experimental model, the staggered gaps between multiple composite blocks in each composite block layer are arranged with gaps, and the composite blocks in two adjacent composite block layers are in the Vertically staggered seams or through seams leave gaps in the arrangement.

Further, in order to provide the versatility of this experimental model, the front frame block is made of rigid material with pre-embedded threaded pipes or flexible material with threaded holes; the rear frame plate is made of pre-embedded with threaded pipes made of rigid material or flexible material with threaded holes.

As a preference, the anti-tension rod is made of a rigid threaded rod body or a rigid round rod body.

Further, in order to provide the versatility of this experimental model, the front skeleton block is a cylinder or a hexagonal prism or a special-shaped cross-section shape; the rear skeleton block is a cylinder or a hexagonal cross-section. One of the side-shaped prisms or shaped cross-section shapes.

In the present invention, the combination blocks and filling materials are used to replace the traditional similar simulation materials to form the experimental model body. This model body can be prefabricated in advance and can be used for experiments at any time. Similarly, the dismantling process is convenient and quick, saving time and effort. It can greatly save time and improve scientific research efficiency. Due to its excellent characteristics such as shape and structure, the experimental model body can achieve better results in similar simulation experiments, and can completely eliminate the phenomenon of lateral collapse of traditional similar simulation materials during experiments. Compared with traditional similar materials, the materials in this model body can be easily reused, which can save a lot of materials, reduce resource waste, reduce experimental investment costs, and avoid a large amount of experimental waste, which has important environmental protection significance.

The present invention also provides a kind of laying method of similar simulation experiment model, comprises the step of accepting:

S1: Prepare a sufficient amount of combined blocks;

Prepare a sufficient number of combined blocks and prepare an appropriate amount of conventional similar materials. The conventional similar experimental materials are used as filling materials in the similar simulation model to fill the gaps between adjacent combined blocks;

S2: Lay the bottom similar material on the test bench;

Lay multiple combined blocks one by one on the bottom of the experimental platform to form the bottom combined block layer, and the laying of gaps between adjacent combined blocks or the laying of close fit, after the bottom combined block layer is laid , using filling materials to fill the gaps between adjacent combined blocks, and then compacting and leveling;

S3: Lay layers of similar materials sequentially from bottom to top;

Repeat the laying method of similar materials on the bottom layer, and lay each layer of similar simulated materials sequentially from bottom to top, and the combined blocks in the two adjacent combined block layers are arranged in vertically staggered or through joints with gaps, and The gap between the combined blocks in the adjacent two layers of combined blocks is filled with filling materials, and each layer of similar materials is compacted and leveled;

S4: Carry out similar simulation experiments;

After all the laying is completed, after the material maintenance meets the preset requirements, similar simulation experiments are carried out;

S5: reclaim the combination block;

After the experiment, the similar simulated materials were removed, and the combined blocks were cleaned and recycled. Each combined block can be completely recycled, and it can be reused after recycling.

As a preference, the selection steps of the combined block and filling material are as follows:

Step 1: Calculate the similarity ratio;

Before the experiment starts, determine the geometric similarity ratio of the similar experiment, calculate the material stress similarity ratio according to the geometric similarity ratio, and obtain the elastic modulus of each layer of similar materials;

Step 2: Reasonably select the materials of the front skeleton block and the rear skeleton block in the composite block;

According to the calculated elastic modulus of similar materials to select the corresponding front frame block and rear frame block materials, the materials of the front frame block and rear frame block in different layers should also be selected according to the calculated elastic modulus choose;

Step 3: reasonably determine the filling material;

According to the calculated stress similarity ratio, the elastic modulus of each layer of simulated material is determined, so as to select the matching conventional similar material as the filling material.

In this method, during the experiment, the combined blocks are layered on the test bench according to a certain number and form, and filling materials are used to fill a small amount of gaps between the new experimental materials, so as to achieve the effect of similar materials. And after the experiment is over, the combined block can be completely recycled, so that the combined block can be reused many times, which significantly reduces the cost of materials for similar simulation experiments and greatly reduces the economic benefits. The method has the advantages of simple laying method, less construction steps, low construction cost, less investment time, and complete elimination of lateral collapse during laying and testing. Compared with other traditional similar simulation experiment materials, it has the advantages of less investment, quick results, good test results, reusable, and convenient recycling.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view that the combination block in the present invention is applied to the experiment according to the mode of close fitting;

Fig. 2 is a side view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the front view that the combination block in the present invention is applied to the experiment according to the mode of staggered seam laying;

Fig. 5 is a side view of Fig. 4;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of Figure 4;

Fig. 7 is the front view of composite block among the present invention;

Figure 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a combined block in the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a combined block in the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a cylindrical combined block in the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a prism-shaped combined block in the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the anti-tension rod in the present invention;

Fig. 13 is the front view of the application of the prism-shaped composite block in the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a laying schematic diagram one of the laying method in the present invention;

Fig. 15 is the laying schematic diagram two of laying method among the present invention;

Fig. 16 is the front view that experimental model is applied to embodiment 1 among the present invention;

Fig. 17 is a front view of the experimental model applied to Example 2 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Anti-tension tie rod, 2. Front frame block, 3. Rear frame block, 4. Experimental model body, 5. Filling material, 6. Combined block body, 7. Template.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below.

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 17, a kind of similar simulation experiment model comprises experimental model body 4, and described experimental model body 4 is made up of multi-layer combined block layer and filling material 5 arranged longitudinally successively, each layer of combined block layer All are composed of a plurality of combined blocks 6 arranged in sequence along the left and right directions; the filling material 5 is filled in the gaps between all the combined blocks 6 inside the experimental model body 4, as a preference, the The filling material 5 is a conventional similar simulation material, which is mainly made of gypsum, sand, large white powder and other materials; The block 2 and the rear frame block 3 fixedly connected to the rear end of the anti-tension rod 1 are composed.

In order to provide the versatility of this experimental model, the multiple composite blocks 6 in each composite block layer are closely arranged, and the composite blocks 6 in two adjacent composite block layers are closely arranged.

In order to provide the versatility of this experimental model, the arrangement of gaps is left between the multiple combination blocks 6 in each layer of combination block layers, and the combination blocks 6 in adjacent two layers of combination block layers Vertically staggered seams or through seams leave gaps in the arrangement.

In order to provide the versatility of this experimental model, the front frame block 2 is made of a rigid material pre-embedded with a threaded pipe or made of a flexible material with a threaded hole, specifically determined according to experimental requirements; the rear frame plate It is made of rigid material with pre-embedded threaded pipe or flexible material with threaded hole, which is determined according to the experimental requirements. When the front frame block 2 and the rear frame block 3 are made of flexible materials, materials such as nylon rods and rubber rods can be used to make the frame blocks, and then magnetic drills or tapping machines are used to drill threaded holes at corresponding positions, wherein the threaded holes It can be a through hole or a non-through hole. When the front frame block 2 and the rear frame block 3 are made of rigid materials, a pair of templates 7 that cooperate with each other can be made in advance, and a pair of templates 7 can form a mold cavity for pouring the frame blocks after being relatively fastened. Utilize a pair of templates 7 to buckle together to form a mold cavity, and then use rigid cementitious materials to cast it, and at the same time, pour a threaded pipe into it, through which the threaded pipe can be made into a through hole through the skeleton block, or it can be a non-through hole . Through the setting of threaded holes or threaded pipes, the anti-tension rod 1 can be fixedly connected with the front frame block 2 and the rear frame block 3 through thread fit.

As a preference, the anti-tension tie rod 1 can be made of metal or non-metallic materials such as nylon, rubber and steel wire rod. As a preference, it can be made of a rigid threaded rod body or a rigid round rod body. Specifically, it can be made by lathe processing. become.

In order to provide the versatility of this experimental model, the front skeleton block 2 is a cylinder or a hexagonal prism or a special-shaped cross-section shape; the rear skeleton block 3 is a cylinder or a hexagonal cross-section. One of the side-shaped prisms or shaped cross-section shapes. Specifically, it can be determined independently according to usage requirements.

As a preference, the combination block 6 can adopt the above-mentioned split structure, and of course can also adopt the integral structure.

In the present invention, the combination blocks and filling materials are used to replace the traditional similar simulation materials to form the experimental model body. This model body can be prefabricated in advance and can be used for experiments at any time. Similarly, the dismantling process is convenient and quick, saving time and effort. It can greatly save time and improve scientific research efficiency. Due to its excellent characteristics such as shape and structure, the experimental model body can achieve better results in similar simulation experiments, and can completely eliminate the phenomenon of lateral collapse of traditional similar simulation materials during experiments. Compared with traditional similar materials, the materials in this model body can be easily reused, which can save a lot of materials, reduce resource waste, reduce experimental investment costs, and avoid a large amount of experimental waste, which has important environmental protection significance.

The present invention also provides a kind of laying method of similar simulation experiment model, comprises the step of accepting:

S1: A sufficient amount of combined block 6 is prepared;

Prepare a sufficient number of combined blocks 6, and prepare an appropriate amount of conventional similar materials, and the conventional similar experimental materials are used as filling materials 5 in the similar simulation model for filling the gaps between adjacent combined blocks 6;

S2: Lay the bottom similar material on the test bench;

Lay multiple combined blocks 6 one by one on the bottom of the experimental platform to form the bottom combined block layer, and the laying of gaps between adjacent combined blocks 6 or close-fitting laying, laying on the bottom combined block layer After finishing, use the filling material 5 to fill the gap between the adjacent combined blocks 6, and then compact and level off;

S3: Lay layers of similar materials sequentially from bottom to top;

Repeat the laying method of similar materials on the bottom layer, and lay each layer of similar simulated materials sequentially from bottom to top, and the combination blocks 6 in the two adjacent layers of combination blocks are arranged in vertically staggered joints or gaps, And fill the gap between the combined blocks 6 in the adjacent two layers of combined block layers with the filling material 5, and each layer of similar materials is compacted and leveled;

S4: Carry out similar simulation experiments;

After all the laying is completed, after the material maintenance meets the preset requirements, similar simulation experiments are carried out;

S5: recovery combination block 6;

After the experiment, the similar simulated materials were removed, and the combination blocks 6 were cleaned up before being recycled. Each combination block 6 could be completely recovered, and could be reused after recovery.

As a preference, the selection steps of the combined block 6 and filling material 5 are as follows:

Step 1: Calculate the similarity ratio;

Before the experiment starts, determine the geometric similarity ratio of the similar experiment, calculate the material stress similarity ratio according to the geometric similarity ratio, and obtain the elastic modulus of each layer of similar materials;

Step 2: Reasonably select the materials of the front skeleton block 2 and the rear skeleton block 3 in the composite block 6;

According to the calculated elastic modulus of similar materials, the corresponding front frame block 2 and rear frame block 3 materials are selected, and the elastic modulus of materials such as nylon and rubber of different materials selected will match the elastic modulus of similar experimental materials. , the materials of the front frame block 2 and the rear frame block 3 in different layers should also be selected according to the calculated elastic modulus of the corresponding layers;

Step 3: reasonably determine the filling material 5;

According to the calculated stress similarity ratio, the elastic modulus of each layer of simulated material is determined, so as to select the matching conventional similar material as the filling material.

In this method, during the experiment, the combined blocks are layered on the test bench according to a certain number and form, and filling materials are used to fill a small amount of gaps between the new experimental materials, so as to achieve the effect of similar materials. And after the experiment is over, the combined block can be completely recycled, so that the combined block can be reused many times, which significantly reduces the cost of materials for similar simulation experiments and greatly reduces the economic benefits. The method has the advantages of simple laying method, less construction steps, low construction cost, less investment time, and complete elimination of lateral collapse during laying and testing. Compared with other traditional similar simulation experiment materials, it has the advantages of less investment, quick results, good test results, reusable, and convenient recycling.

Example description:

Example 1: Take the indoor physical similarity simulation experiment on the bottom plate of a mine in North China as an example. This experiment is based on the bottom plate of the deep confined water mining face of the mine as the research object. Relevant original rock cores are obtained on site and then the mechanical parameters of the rock formation are obtained through indoor experiments. The influence of the rock formation, the frame size of the test bench used is 1.0m×0.2m×0.8m (length×width×height).

1) The basic situation of the simulated floor rock formation:

The simulated depth of the floor strata is 30m, and the basic situation is: from top to bottom, layer a-5m thick sandstone, b layer-3m thick siltstone, c layer-4m thick mudstone, d layer-5m Thick sandstone, layer e - 5m thick mudstone, f layer - 8m thick limestone. The simulated lithological parameters are: the elastic modulus of layer a and d-sandstone is 1.35×10 ⁴ Mpa; the elastic modulus of layer b-siltstone is 1×10 ⁴ Mpa; the elastic modulus of layer c and e-mudstone The modulus of elasticity is 1.75×10 ⁴ Mpa; the elastic modulus of layer f-limestone is 1.06×10 ⁴ Mpa.

2) Calculation of similarity ratio:

The proposed geometric similarity ratio is 1:100. Geometric similarity: C _l =Y _m /Y _y =Z _m /Z _y =1/100, where C _l is the geometric similarity ratio, Y _m and Z _m are the height and width of the model respectively, Y _y and Z _y are the actual height and width.

Bulk density similarity ratio: C _γ =γ _mi /γ _yi =1/1.5, where C _γ is the bulk density similarity ratio, γ _mi is the specific gravity of the i-th rock layer in the model, and γ _yi is the actual specific gravity of the rock layer.

Elastic modulus and strength similarity ratio: C _E =C _l C _γ =(1/100)×(1/1.5)=1/150, where C _E is the elastic modulus similarity ratio.

According to the calculation of the similarity ratio, we can get the thickness of each layer of simulated material in the model, and the total thickness of the simulated material is 30cm.

3) Select new simulation materials according to the similarity ratio

According to the calculated similar elastic modulus, the skeleton block material in the combined block is selected, and the skeleton block is made of flexible materials: the simulated sandstone uses finished nylon 610 rods, the simulated siltstone uses finished nylon 8 rods, and the simulated mudstone uses finished high-pressure rods. PE rods and simulated limestone use finished nylon 11 rods. The anti-tension rod in the combined block adopts a screw rod with a diameter of 0.5cm. Then select the filling material according to the calculated similar elastic modulus: the simulated sandstone is made by mixing sand, gypsum and large white powder, and the ratio is 9:7:3; the simulated siltstone is made by mixing sand, gypsum and large white powder , the ratio is 8:2:8; the simulated mudstone is made by mixing sand, gypsum and large white powder, and its ratio is 8:8:2; the simulated limestone is made by mixing sand, gypsum and large white powder, and its ratio is It is 6:7:3.

2) Make combined blocks and filling materials

According to the width of the test bench, the length of the combined block is proposed to be 20cm, and the skeleton block and the anti-tension rod are connected by threads. The anti-tension rod adopts a screw rod with a diameter of 0.5 cm, which is processed into a length of 15 cm by a lathe. The skeleton block directly adopts the finished cylinder described in 3), and utilizes lathe processing to be 5cm long; The threaded hole in the skeleton block is made into a non-through hole, and its position is in the center of the skeleton block cross section, and the diameter of the threaded hole in the skeleton block is It should correspond to the anti-tension rod, and its length is made to be 2.5cm, and it is tapped by a tapping machine.

According to 3), all skeleton blocks are 5cm long. When simulating layer a, nylon 610 rods are used to make 77 cylindrical skeleton blocks with a diameter of 2cm, and then connected with anti-tension rods to form a combined block; simulation b For layer C, use nylon 8 rods to make 38 cylindrical skeleton blocks with a diameter of 2cm, and then connect them with anti-tension rods to form a combined block; A cylindrical skeleton block with a diameter of 2cm is connected with the anti-tension rod to form a combined block; when simulating the d layer, 77 cylindrical skeleton blocks with a diameter of 2cm are made with nylon 610 rods, and then connected with the anti-tension rod to form a composite block. Combined block; when simulating the e-layer, use high-pressure PE rods to make 77 cylindrical skeleton blocks with a diameter of 2cm, and then connect them with anti-tension rods to form a combined block; when simulating the f-layer, use nylon 11 rods to make 71 pieces The diameter is 2cm and 33 cylindrical skeleton blocks with a diameter of 2.5cm are connected with the anti-tension rods to form a composite block.

As described in 3), mix sand, gypsum, and large white powder according to the ratio of different layers to prepare an appropriate amount of filling material.

5) Lay the new simulation material

This laying adopts the method of laying the staggered joints between the composite blocks, laying two layers of composite blocks on layer a, laying one layer of composite blocks on layer b, laying two layers of composite blocks on layer c, and laying two layers of composite blocks on layer d. Layers of combined blocks, layer e is laid with two layers of combined blocks, and layer f is laid with three layers of combined blocks. The gaps between the combined blocks are filled with filling materials, and each layer should be compacted and leveled. Its front view can be referred to as shown in accompanying drawing 13.

6) Carry out similar simulation experiments

After the maintenance of similar simulated materials meets the preset requirements, similar simulation experiments are carried out, such as excavation and pressurization. During the experiment, the effect of the new simulated similar materials is obviously better than that of traditional similar simulated materials.

7) Recycle the combined blocks

After the experiment is completed, the new similar simulation experiment materials are dismantled, and the composite blocks can be recycled after being cleaned one by one. The composite blocks can be reused after recycling, and a small amount of filling materials are discarded.

Example 2: Take the indoor physical similarity simulation experiment on the prevention and control of the roof of a mine in southwest China as an example. In this experiment, the stability of the roof of the mine was taken as the research object. The relevant original rock cores were obtained on site, and then the mechanical parameters of the rock formation were obtained through laboratory experiments. Then, the stability of the roof strata on the site was simulated by the indoor physical simulation experiment. The frame size of the test bench is 0.8m×0.2m×0.6m (length×width×height).

1) The basic situation of the simulated roof strata:

The simulated thickness of the roof is 20m, and the basic situation is: from top to bottom, layer a-4m thick fine sandstone, b layer-6m thick sandstone, c layer-2m thick mudstone, d layer-5m thick Sandy mudstone, layer e-3m thick medium-fine sandstone. The simulated lithological parameters are: the elastic modulus of layer a-fine sandstone is 4.01×10 ³ Mpa; the elastic modulus of layer b-sandstone is 4.35×10 ³ Mpa; the elastic modulus of layer c-mudstone is 3.4× 10 ³ Mpa; the elastic modulus of layer d-sandy mudstone is 3.84×10 ³ Mpa; the elastic modulus of layer e-medium fine sandstone is 5.2×10 ³ Mpa.

2) Calculation of similarity ratio:

The proposed geometric similarity ratio is 1:100. Geometric similarity: C _l =Y _m /Y _y =Z _m /Z _y =1/100, where C _l is the geometric similarity ratio, Y _m and Z _m are the height and width of the model respectively, Y _y and Z _y are the actual height and width.

Bulk density similarity ratio: C _γ =γ _mi /γ _yi =1/1.2, where C _γ is the bulk density similarity ratio, γ _mi is the specific gravity of the i-th rock layer in the model, and γ _yi is the actual specific gravity of the rock layer.

Elastic modulus and strength similarity ratio: C _E =C _l C _γ =(1/100)×(1/1.2)=1/120, where C _E is the elastic modulus similarity ratio.

According to the calculation of the similarity ratio, we can get the thickness of each layer of simulated material in the model, and the total thickness of the simulated material is 20cm.

3) Select new simulation materials according to the similarity ratio

According to the calculated similar elastic modulus, the material of the skeleton block in the combined block is selected. The skeleton block is made of rigid material, and the skeleton block is poured with formwork. The cementitious material used for pouring has passed the verification of mechanical experiments, mainly cement, It is made of bamboo fiber and sand, and different skeleton blocks are made by using different ratios: adjust the ratio of the three to 4:2:1.5 to simulate layer a-fine sandstone; adjust the ratio of the three to 4:2:2 To simulate layer b-sandstone; adjust the ratio of the three to 3:1:1.5 to simulate layer c-mudstone; adjust the ratio of the three to 3:2:1 to simulate layer d-sandy mudstone; adjust the ratio of the three The ratio is 4:2:1 to simulate the e-layer-medium-fine sandstone. The anti-tension rod in the combined block adopts a screw rod with a diameter of 0.5cm.

Then select the filling material according to the calculated similar elastic modulus: the simulated fine sandstone is made by mixing sand, gypsum and large white powder, and the ratio is 7:7:3; the simulated sandstone is made by mixing sand, gypsum and large white powder , the ratio is 9:2:8; the simulated mudstone is made by mixing sand, gypsum and large white powder, and its ratio is 8:8:2; the simulated sandy mudstone is made by mixing sand, gypsum and large white powder, and its The ratio is 6:7:3; the fine sandstone in the simulation is made of sand, gypsum, and large white powder, and the ratio is 8:6:4;

4) Make combined blocks and filling materials

According to the width of the test bench, the length of the combined block is proposed to be 20cm, and the skeleton block and the anti-tension rod are connected by threads. The anti-tension rod adopts a screw rod with a diameter of 0.5 cm, which is processed into a length of 15 cm by a lathe. The skeleton block adopts the cementitious material described in 3) to use the formwork to pour, and pours into 5cm long; The finished threaded pipe is poured in the skeleton block, and the threaded hole is made into a non-through hole, and its position is at the center of the skeleton block cross section. The diameter of the threaded hole in the skeleton block should correspond to the tension rod, and its length is 2.5cm.

According to 3), all skeleton blocks are 5cm long. When simulating layer a, use the above method to make 38 cylindrical skeleton blocks with a diameter of 2cm and 51 cylindrical skeleton blocks with a diameter of 1.5cm, and then connect them with anti-tension rods to form a combination Block; when simulating layer b, use the above method to make 116 cylindrical skeleton blocks with a diameter of 2cm, and then connect them with anti-tension rods to form a combined block; when simulating layer c, use the above method to make 38 cylinders with a diameter of 2cm body frame blocks, and then connected with anti-tension rods to form a combined block; when simulating layer d, use the above method to make 63 cylindrical frame blocks with a diameter of 2.5cm, and then connect with anti-tension rods to form a combined block; simulate layer e When using the above-mentioned method to make 32 cylindrical skeleton blocks with a diameter of 2.5cm, they are connected with the anti-tension rods to form a combined block.

As described in 3), mix sand, gypsum, and large white powder according to the ratio of different layers to prepare an appropriate amount of filling material.

5) Lay the new simulation material

This laying adopts the method of close fit between the combined blocks. The a layer is laid with two layers of combined blocks, the b layer is laid with three layers of combined blocks, the c layer is laid with one layer of combined blocks, and the d layer is laid with two layers of combined blocks. Block body, layer e lays a layer of combined block body. The gaps between the combined blocks are filled with filling materials, and each layer should be compacted and leveled. Its front view can be referred to shown in accompanying drawing 14.

6) Carry out similar simulation experiments

After the maintenance of similar simulated materials meets the preset requirements, similar simulation experiments are carried out, such as excavation and pressurization. During the experiment, the effect of the new simulated similar materials is obviously better than that of traditional similar simulated materials.

7) Recycle the combined blocks

After the experiment is completed, the new similar simulation experiment materials are dismantled, and the composite blocks can be recycled after being cleaned one by one. The composite blocks can be reused after recycling, and a small amount of filling materials are discarded.

Claims (6)

1. A similar simulation experiment model comprises an experiment model body (4), and is characterized in that the experiment model body (4) consists of a plurality of combined block layers and filling materials (5) which are longitudinally and sequentially arranged, and each combined block layer consists of a plurality of combined blocks (6) which are sequentially arranged along the left and right directions; the filling material (5) is prepared by mixing gypsum, sand and a whiting material; the filling material (5) is filled in gaps among all combined blocks (6) in the experimental model body (4); the combined block body (6) consists of an anti-tension rod (1) positioned in the middle, a front framework block (2) fixedly connected to the front end of the anti-tension rod (1) and a rear framework block (3) fixedly connected to the rear end of the anti-tension rod (1); selecting materials of the front framework block (2) and the rear framework block (3) of different layers according to the elastic modulus of the corresponding layer obtained through calculation;

the tension-proof rod (1) is made of a rigid threaded rod body or a rigid round rod body.

2. A simulation modeling experiment according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of modular blocks (6) in each modular layer are closely arranged, and the modular blocks (6) in two adjacent modular layers are closely arranged.

3. A simulation modeling model according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of blocks (6) in each layer of blocks are arranged with gaps between them, and blocks (6) in two adjacent layers of blocks are arranged with gaps between them in the vertical direction.

4. The simulation experiment model as claimed in claim 3, wherein the front skeleton block (2) is made of rigid material pre-embedded with a threaded pipe or made of flexible material provided with a threaded hole; the rear framework block (3) is made of rigid materials with embedded threaded pipes or flexible materials with threaded holes.

5. A simulation-alike experimental model according to claim 1, characterized in that the anterior skeleton block (2) is one of a cylinder or a prism with a hexagonal cross-section or a profile-shaped cross-sectional body; the rear framework block (3) is one of a cylinder or a prism with a hexagonal section or a special-shaped section.

6. A method for laying out a simulation-like experimental model according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

s1, preparing a sufficient amount of combined blocks (6);

the selection steps of the combined block (6) and the filling material (5) are as follows:

step 1: calculating a similarity ratio;

before the experiment begins, determining the geometric similarity ratio of a good similarity experiment, calculating the stress similarity ratio of the materials according to the geometric similarity ratio, and obtaining the elastic modulus of each layer of similar materials;

calculating the geometric similarity ratio according to the formula (1)C _l ；

C _l =Y _m /Y _y =Z _m /Z _y （1）；

In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Y _m 、Z _m respectively the height and the width of the model,Y _y 、Z _y actual height and width;

calculating the volume-weight similarity ratio according to the formula (2)C _γ ；

C _γ =γ _im /γ _iy （2）；

In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,γ _im is the first in the modeliThe specific gravity of the formation layers,γ _iy is the specific gravity of the actual formation;

calculating the elastic modulus similarity ratio C according to the formula (3) _E ；

C _E =C _l C _γ （3）；

Step 2: reasonably selecting materials of the front framework block (2) and the rear framework block (3) in the combined block body (6);

selecting corresponding materials of the front framework block (2) and the rear framework block (3) according to the elastic modulus of the similar materials obtained through calculation, wherein the materials of the front framework block (2) and the rear framework block (3) at different layers are also selected according to the elastic modulus of the corresponding layers obtained through calculation;

and step 3: -rational determination of the filling material (5);

determining the elastic modulus of each layer of simulation material according to the stress similarity ratio obtained by calculation, and selecting a filling material according to the elastic modulus;

preparing a sufficient number of combined blocks (6) and preparing a proper amount of gypsum, sand and white powder for mixing as a filling material (5) in a similar simulation model for filling gaps between the adjacent combined blocks (6);

s2, paving a bottom layer similar material on the experiment table;

the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of combined blocks (6) are laid at the bottom of an experiment platform one by one to form a bottom combined block layer, gaps are reserved between every two adjacent combined blocks (6) in a staggered mode or are laid in a tightly-fitted mode, after the bottom combined block layer is laid, the gaps between every two adjacent combined blocks (6) are filled with filling materials (5), and then the bottom combined block layer is compacted and leveled;

s3: paving layers of similar materials from bottom to top in sequence;

the method for laying similar materials on the bottom layer is repeated, each layer of similar simulation materials are sequentially laid from bottom to top, gaps are reserved between the combined blocks (6) in two adjacent combined block layers in staggered joint or through joint in the vertical direction, the gaps between the combined blocks (6) in two adjacent combined block layers are filled with filling materials (5), and each layer of similar materials is laid, pressed, compacted and leveled;

s4: carrying out a similar simulation experiment;

after all the paving is finished, carrying out a similar simulation experiment after the material maintenance meets the preset requirement;

s5, recovering the combined block (6);

demolish the similar simulation material after the experiment, clear up combination block (6) and retrieve again, every combination block (6) all can be retrieved completely, retrieves and accomplishes and can used repeatedly.

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