CN113390541B - Similar simulation experiment model and laying method thereof - Google Patents
Similar simulation experiment model and laying method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A similar simulation experiment model and a laying method thereof are disclosed, the experiment model comprises: the device comprises an experimental model body, wherein the experimental model body consists of a plurality of combined block layers and filling materials which are sequentially arranged in the longitudinal direction, and each combined block layer consists of a plurality of combined blocks which are sequentially arranged in the left-right direction; the filling material is filled in gaps among all combined blocks in the experiment model body; the combined block body is composed of an anti-tension rod positioned in the middle, a front framework block fixedly connected to the front end of the anti-tension rod and a rear framework block fixedly connected to the rear end of the anti-tension rod. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a sufficient amount of the combined block; paving a bottom layer similar material on the experiment table; paving layers of similar materials from bottom to top in sequence; carrying out a similar simulation experiment; and recovering the combined block. The model can be prefabricated in advance, and can be effectively used in a simulation experiment for many times. The method has the advantages of simple laying method and few construction steps, and thoroughly solves the problem of lateral collapse during laying and experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor physical simulation experiments, and particularly relates to a simulation experiment model and a laying method thereof.
Background
Geotechnical engineering is an important subject in the field of civil engineering, the problems involved in the geotechnical engineering are increasingly complex, and the problems encountered in engineering practice are difficult to solve only through theoretical analysis, so that corresponding experiments must be carried out for verification analysis, and better simulation effect can be achieved through similar simulation experiments.
The simulation modeling experiment is an inevitable product of social development, a model with a certain size is manufactured according to a corresponding similarity principle by comparing field strata and the like, excavation, pressurization and the like are performed on the model by simulating field actual operation, so that the change condition of the model is observed, and the mechanisms of deformation, damage and the like of the field strata are researched based on the change condition of the model. The advantages of the analog simulation experiment are that: the analog simulation experiment is a scientific research method which closely combines theory and actual situation on site, and is an effective method for solving the problems generated in geotechnical engineering at present.
The simulation modeling experiment needs to make a test bench, an observation device, a simulation modeling material and the like, and the most important thing is to make a simulation modeling experiment model, and the current indoor physical simulation experiment mostly adopts disposable simulation modeling experiment models, namely, the simulation models are made by mixing sand, lime and the like according to a certain proportion, but the traditional simulation modeling model has great limitation:
firstly, the preparation process of the traditional similar simulation material is complex, the traditional similar material is easy to laterally collapse in the experimental process, the progress of the experiment can be influenced, meanwhile, the preparation of the similar simulation material occupies a large amount of time, and a large amount of precious time of scientific research personnel can be wasted; no matter the laying of traditional analog simulation system when the experiment begins, still demolish after the experiment ends, all consuming time hard, seriously influenced experiment process and scientific research efficiency.
Secondly, the consumption of proportioning materials used by the traditional similar simulation model is large, and because the materials in the traditional similar simulation model are all disposable materials, the materials are treated as experimental wastes after the experiment is finished, so that the resources are wasted, the economic cost is increased, and most importantly, certain environmental pollution is caused, and certain environmental protection problems are brought.
Finally, the materials in the traditional similar simulation model are prepared by mixing materials such as sand, lime and the like, and because factors such as material characteristics of the materials are influenced by problems such as difference in curing time and scientificity of material proportion, a part of the materials cannot meet experimental requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a similar simulation experiment model and a laying method thereof, wherein the model can be prefabricated in advance, can be effectively used in a similar simulation experiment for many times, can not collapse during the experiment, has quick response, can improve the efficiency of the experiment, and can avoid the waste of materials. The method has the advantages of simple laying method, few construction steps, low construction cost and less investment time, and thoroughly solves the problem of lateral collapse during laying and experiments.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a similar simulation experiment model which comprises an experiment model body, wherein the experiment model body consists of a plurality of combined block layers and filling materials which are sequentially arranged in the longitudinal direction, and each combined block layer consists of a plurality of combined blocks which are sequentially arranged in the left-right direction; the filling material is filled in gaps among all combined blocks inside the experimental model body; the combined block body is composed of an anti-tension rod positioned in the middle, a front framework block fixedly connected to the front end of the anti-tension rod and a rear framework block fixedly connected to the rear end of the anti-tension rod.
Further, in order to provide the versatility of the experimental model, the plurality of building blocks in each building block layer are closely arranged, and the building blocks in two adjacent building block layers are closely arranged.
Further, in order to provide the universality of the experimental model, the arrangement of gaps is reserved between the combined blocks in each combined block layer in a staggered mode, and the arrangement of gaps is reserved between the combined blocks in two adjacent combined block layers in a vertically staggered mode or a vertically through-slit mode.
Further, in order to provide the universality of the experimental model, the front framework block is made of rigid materials pre-buried with threaded pipes or made of flexible materials provided with threaded holes; the rear framework plate is made of rigid materials with embedded threaded pipes or made of flexible materials with threaded holes.
Preferably, the tension-preventing rod is made of a rigid threaded rod body or a rigid round rod body.
Further, in order to provide the universality of the experimental model, the front framework block is one of a cylinder or a prism with a hexagonal section or a special-shaped section-shaped body; the rear framework block is one of a cylinder or a prism with a hexagonal section or a special-shaped section-shaped body.
In the invention, the combined block and the filling material are used for replacing the traditional similar simulation material to form the experimental model body, the model body can be prefabricated in advance and can be used for experiments at any time, and the dismounting process is convenient and quick, time and labor are saved, time can be greatly saved, and the scientific research efficiency is improved. Due to the excellent characteristics of the appearance, the structure and the like, the experimental model body can achieve a better effect in a similar simulation experiment, and can thoroughly eliminate the phenomenon of lateral collapse of the traditional similar simulation material in the experiment. Compared with the traditional similar materials, the materials in the model body can be conveniently and repeatedly utilized, so that a large amount of materials can be saved, the resource waste is reduced, the experiment investment cost is reduced, the generation of a large amount of experiment waste materials is avoided, and the model has important environmental protection significance.
The invention also provides a paving method of the similar simulation experiment model, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a sufficient amount of combined blocks;
preparing a sufficient number of combined blocks and preparing a proper amount of conventional similar materials, wherein the conventional similar experimental materials are used as filling materials in a similar simulation model and are used for filling gaps between the adjacent combined blocks;
s2, paving a bottom layer similar material on an experiment table;
the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of combined blocks are laid at the bottom of an experiment platform one by one to form a bottom combined block layer, gaps are reserved between adjacent combined blocks in a staggered mode or are laid in a tightly-fitting mode, after the bottom combined block layer is laid, gaps between the adjacent combined blocks are filled with filling materials, and then the combined blocks are compacted and leveled;
s3: paving layers of similar materials from bottom to top in sequence;
the method for paving similar materials on the bottom layer is repeated, each layer of similar simulation materials are sequentially paved from bottom to top, gaps are reserved between the combined blocks in two adjacent combined block layers in a staggered joint or a through joint in the vertical direction, the gaps between the combined blocks in two adjacent combined block layers are filled with filling materials, and each layer of similar materials is paved, pressed and leveled;
s4: carrying out a similar simulation experiment;
after all the paving is finished, carrying out a similar simulation experiment after the material maintenance meets the preset requirement;
s5, recovering the combined block;
after the experiment is finished, the similar simulation materials are dismantled, the combined blocks are cleaned up and recycled, each combined block can be completely recycled, and the similar simulation materials can be reused after recycling.
Preferably, the combined block and filling material is selected by the following steps:
step 1: calculating a similarity ratio;
before the experiment begins, determining the geometric similarity ratio of a good similarity experiment, calculating the stress similarity ratio of the materials according to the geometric similarity ratio, and obtaining the elastic modulus of each layer of similar materials;
step 2: reasonably selecting materials of a front framework block and a rear framework block in the combined block body;
selecting corresponding front framework block and back framework block materials according to the elastic modulus of the similar materials obtained through calculation, wherein the materials of the front framework blocks and the back framework blocks at different layers are also selected according to the elastic modulus of the corresponding layers obtained through calculation;
and step 3: reasonably determining the filling material;
and determining the elastic modulus of each layer of the simulated material according to the calculated stress similarity ratio, and selecting the matched conventional similar material as the filling material.
In the method, the combined blocks are layered on the test bed according to a certain quantity and form in the experimental process, and the filling material is used for filling a small amount of gaps among the novel experimental materials, so that the effect of similar materials is achieved, and after the experiment is finished, the combined blocks can be completely recycled, so that the combined blocks can be repeatedly used for multiple times, the cost of similar simulation experimental materials is obviously reduced, the cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is obvious. The method has the advantages of simple laying method, few construction steps, low construction cost, less investment time, complete elimination of lateral collapse during laying and experiments, and the like. Compared with other traditional similar simulation experiment materials, the method has the advantages of low investment, quick response, good experiment effect, reusability, convenience in recycling and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the composite block of the present invention applied to an experiment in a close-fitting manner;
FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the composite blocks of the present invention applied to an experiment in a staggered manner;
FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the modular block of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a modular block of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a modular block of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cylindrical composite block according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a prismatic composite block of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the tension rod of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a front view of the prism-shaped composite block of the present invention applied to an experiment;
FIG. 14 is a first schematic view of the paving method of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a second schematic view of the laying method of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a front view of an experimental model applied to example 1 in the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a front view of the experimental model applied to example 2 in the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises an anti-tension rod, 2, a front framework block, 3, a rear framework block, 4, an experimental model body, 5, a filling material, 6, a combined block body, 7 and a template.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 17, a similar simulation experiment model comprises an experiment model body 4, wherein the experiment model body 4 is composed of a plurality of combined block layers and filling materials 5 which are sequentially arranged in a longitudinal direction, and each combined block layer is composed of a plurality of combined blocks 6 which are sequentially arranged in a left-right direction; the filling material 5 is filled in gaps among all the combined blocks 6 in the experimental model body 4, preferably, the filling material 5 is a conventional similar simulation material and is mainly prepared by mixing materials such as gypsum, sand, white powder and the like; the combined block body 6 consists of an anti-tension rod 1 positioned in the middle, a front framework block 2 fixedly connected to the front end of the anti-tension rod 1 and a rear framework block 3 fixedly connected to the rear end of the anti-tension rod 1.
In order to provide the versatility of the experimental model, the plurality of composite blocks 6 in each composite block layer are closely arranged, and the composite blocks 6 in two adjacent composite block layers are closely arranged.
In order to provide the universality of the experimental model, the arrangement of gaps is reserved between the staggered joints of the combined blocks 6 in each combined block layer, and the arrangement of gaps is reserved between the staggered joints or through joints of the combined blocks 6 in two adjacent combined block layers in the vertical direction.
In order to provide universality of the experimental model, the front framework block 2 is made of rigid materials pre-buried with threaded pipes or made of flexible materials provided with threaded holes, and is specifically determined according to experimental requirements; the rear framework plate is made of rigid materials with embedded threaded pipes or flexible materials with threaded holes, and is determined according to experimental requirements. When framework block 2 and back framework block 3 adopted flexible material, can select materials such as nylon stick and rubber stick to make the framework block for use, use magnetic drill or tapping machine etc. to beat out the screw hole on corresponding position again, wherein the screw hole can be the through-hole, also can be non-through-hole. When the front framework block 2 and the rear framework block 3 are made of rigid materials, a pair of mutually matched templates 7 can be manufactured in advance, the pair of templates 7 are oppositely buckled to form a mold cavity for pouring the framework blocks, the pair of templates 7 are buckled to form the mold cavity in the manufacturing process, then the mold cavity is poured by using rigid cementing materials, meanwhile, a threaded pipe is poured in the mold cavity, and a through hole penetrating through the framework blocks can be manufactured through the threaded pipe or can be a non-through hole. Through the setting of screw hole or screwed pipe, messenger that can be convenient prevents that stretch-draw pole 1 passes through screw-thread fit and preceding skeleton piece 2 and back skeleton piece 3 fixed connection.
Preferably, the tension-preventing rod 1 can be made of metal or nonmetal materials such as nylon, rubber, steel wire rods and the like, and is preferably made of a rigid threaded rod body or a rigid round rod body, and can be machined by a lathe.
In order to provide the universality of the experimental model, the front framework block 2 is one of a cylinder or a prism with a hexagonal section or a special-shaped section-shaped body; the rear framework block 3 is one of a cylinder or a prism with a hexagonal section or a special-shaped section. In particular, it may be determined autonomously according to the use requirements.
The modular block 6 may preferably be of a split type as described above, but may of course be of a one-piece type.
According to the invention, the combined block and the filling material are used for replacing the traditional similar simulation material to form the experiment model body, the model body can be prefabricated in advance and can be used for experiments at any time, and the dismounting process is convenient and quick, time-saving and labor-saving, so that time can be greatly saved, and the scientific research efficiency is improved. Due to the excellent characteristics of the appearance, the structure and the like, the experimental model body can achieve a better effect in a similar simulation experiment, and can thoroughly eliminate the phenomenon of lateral collapse of the traditional similar simulation material in the experiment. Compared with the traditional similar materials, the materials in the model body can be conveniently and repeatedly utilized, so that a large amount of materials can be saved, the resource waste is reduced, the experiment investment cost is reduced, the generation of a large amount of experiment waste materials is avoided, and the model has important environmental protection significance.
The invention also provides a laying method of the similar simulation experiment model, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a sufficient amount of combined blocks 6;
preparing a sufficient number of the composite blocks 6 and preparing an appropriate amount of a conventional similar experimental material used as the filling material 5 in the similar simulation model for filling the gaps between the adjacent composite blocks 6;
s2, paving a bottom layer similar material on the experiment table;
the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of combined block bodies 6 are laid at the bottom of an experiment platform one by one to form a bottom combined block layer, gaps are reserved between every two adjacent combined block bodies 6 in a staggered mode or are laid in a close fit mode, after the bottom combined block layer is laid, gaps between every two adjacent combined block bodies 6 are filled with filling materials 5, and then the bottom combined block layer is compacted and leveled;
s3: paving layers of similar materials from bottom to top in sequence;
the method for paving similar materials on the bottom layer is repeated, each layer of similar simulation materials are sequentially paved from bottom to top, gaps are reserved between the combined blocks 6 in two adjacent combined block layers in staggered joint or through joint in the vertical direction, the gaps between the combined blocks 6 in two adjacent combined block layers are filled by filling materials 5, and each layer of similar materials is paved, pressed, compacted and leveled;
s4: carrying out a similar simulation experiment;
after all the paving is finished, carrying out a similar simulation experiment after the material maintenance meets the preset requirement;
s5, recovering the combined block 6;
after the experiment is finished, the similar simulation material is dismantled, the combined blocks 6 are cleaned and recycled, each combined block 6 can be completely recycled, and the similar simulation material can be reused after recycling.
As a preference, the combined block 6 and filling material 5 are selected by the following steps:
step 1: calculating a similarity ratio;
before the experiment begins, determining the geometric similarity ratio of a good similarity experiment, calculating the stress similarity ratio of the materials according to the geometric similarity ratio, and obtaining the elastic modulus of each layer of similar materials;
step 2: reasonably selecting materials of the front framework block 2 and the rear framework block 3 in the combined block body 6;
selecting corresponding materials of the front framework block 2 and the rear framework block 3 according to the elastic modulus of the similar materials obtained through calculation, wherein the elastic modulus of the selected materials of nylon, rubber and the like made of different materials is matched with the elastic modulus of similar experimental materials, and similarly, the materials of the front framework block 2 and the rear framework block 3 at different layers are selected according to the elastic modulus of the corresponding layers obtained through calculation;
and step 3: rationally determining the filling material 5;
and determining the elastic modulus of each layer of the simulated material according to the calculated stress similarity ratio, and selecting the matched conventional similar material as the filling material.
In the method, the combined blocks are layered on the test bed according to a certain quantity and form in the experimental process, and the filling material is used for filling a small amount of gaps among the novel experimental materials, so that the effect of similar materials is achieved, and after the experiment is finished, the combined blocks can be completely recycled, so that the combined blocks can be repeatedly used for multiple times, the cost of similar simulation experimental materials is obviously reduced, the cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is obvious. The method has the advantages of simple laying method, few construction steps, low construction cost, less investment time, complete elimination of lateral collapse during laying and experiments, and the like. Compared with other traditional similar simulation experiment materials, the method has the advantages of low investment, quick response, good experiment effect, reusability, convenience in recovery and the like.
Examples illustrate that:
example 1 an indoor physical simulation experiment is carried out by exploiting bearing water of a bottom plate of a certain mine in North China. In the experiment, the bottom plate of the mining working face on the deep pressure bearing water of the mine is taken as a research object, relevant original rock cores are obtained on site, then rock stratum mechanical parameters are obtained through an indoor experiment, then the influence of site mining on the bottom plate rock stratum is simulated through an indoor physical similarity simulation experiment, and the frame size of an adopted test bed is 1.0m multiplied by 0.2m multiplied by 0.8m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height).
1) Basic overview of the simulated floor strata:
to the floor formationThe simulation depth is 30m, and the basic situation is as follows: the sandstone with the thickness of a layer-5 m, the siltstone with the thickness of b layer-3 m, the mudstone with the thickness of c layer-4 m, the sandstone with the thickness of d layer-5 m, the mudstone with the thickness of e layer-5 m and the limestone with the thickness of f layer-8 m are arranged from top to bottom in sequence. The lithological parameters simulated were: a. elastic modulus of d layer-sandstone is 1.35 × 10 4 Mpa; the elastic modulus of the b layer-siltstone is 1 x 10 4 Mpa; c. e-layer mudstone with an elastic modulus of 1.75X 10 4 Mpa; elastic modulus of f layer-limestone is 1.06X 10 4 Mpa。
2) Calculation of the similarity ratio:
and (3) setting a geometric similarity ratio as 1. The geometry is similar: c l ＝Y m /Y y ＝Z m /Z y =1/100, wherein C l As geometric similarity ratio, Y m 、Z m Respectively, height and width of the model, Y y 、Z y Actual height and width.
Volume-weight similarity ratio: c γ ＝γ mi /γ yi =1/1.5, wherein C γ Is a volume-weight similarity ratio, gamma mi Is the specific gravity of the i-th rock formation in the model, gamma yi Is the specific gravity of the actual formation.
Modulus of elasticity to strength similarity ratio: c E ＝C l C γ =1/100 × (1/1.5) =1/150, where C E The modulus of elasticity similarity ratio.
According to the calculation of the similarity ratio, the thickness of each layer of the simulated material in the model can be obtained, and the total thickness of the simulated material is 30cm.
3) Selecting novel simulation materials according to similarity ratio
Selecting a framework block material in the combined block body according to the calculated similar elastic modulus, wherein the framework block is made of a flexible material: the simulation sandstone adopts a finished nylon 610 rod, the simulation siltstone adopts a finished nylon 8 rod, the simulation mudstone adopts a finished high-pressure PE rod, and the simulation limestone adopts a finished nylon 11 rod. The tension-preventing rod in the combined block body adopts a screw rod with the diameter of 0.5 cm. And selecting the filling material according to the calculated similar elastic modulus: the simulated sandstone is prepared by mixing sand, gypsum and whiting, and the mixture ratio is 9; the simulated siltstone is prepared by mixing sand, gypsum and whiting, and the mixture ratio is 8; the simulated mudstone is prepared by mixing sand, gypsum and white powder, and the mixture ratio is 8; the simulated limestone is prepared by mixing sand, gypsum and whiting, and the mixture ratio is 6.
2) Making composite blocks and filling materials
According to the width of the test bed, the length of the combined block body is set to be 20cm, and the framework block is connected with the tension rod through threads. The tension-proof rod is a screw rod with the diameter of 0.5cm, and is machined into a length of 15cm by a lathe. The skeleton block directly adopts the finished product cylinder in 3), and is processed into a length of 5cm by a lathe; the threaded hole in the framework block is made into a non-through hole, the position of the threaded hole is located in the center of the cross section of the framework block, the diameter of the threaded hole in the framework block corresponds to the tension-preventing rod, the length of the threaded hole is made into 2.5cm, and the threaded hole is formed by tapping through a tapping machine.
According to the method in the step 3), all the framework blocks are 5cm long, and when the layer a is simulated, 77 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameter of 2cm are manufactured by adopting nylon 610 rods and then are connected with the tension-preventing rod to form a combined block body; when simulating a layer b, 38 cylindrical skeleton blocks with the diameter of 2cm are manufactured by using 8 nylon rods, and then the cylindrical skeleton blocks are connected with the tension-preventing rods to form a combined block body; when simulating the layer c, 47 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameter of 1.5cm and 39 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameter of 2cm are manufactured by adopting a high-pressure PE rod, and then the framework blocks are connected with the tension-preventing rod to form a combined block body; when simulating the d layer, 77 cylindrical skeleton blocks with the diameter of 2cm are manufactured by adopting a nylon 610 rod, and then the cylindrical skeleton blocks are connected with the tension-preventing rods to form a combined block body; when simulating the e layer, 77 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameter of 2cm are manufactured by adopting a high-pressure PE rod, and then are connected with the tension-preventing rod to form a combined block body; and in the process of simulating the f layer, 71 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameters of 2cm and 33 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameters of 2.5cm are manufactured by adopting a nylon 11 rod, and then the framework blocks are connected with the tension-preventing rod to form a combined block body.
And 3) mixing the sand, the gypsum and the white powder according to the proportion of different layers to prepare a proper amount of filling material.
5) Laying the novel simulation material
This lay and adopt the mode that the gap left the space between the combination block to lay, two layers of combination block are laid on the a layer, and a layer of combination block is laid on the b layer, and two layers of combination block are laid on the c layer, and two layers of combination block are laid on the d layer, and two layers of combination block are laid on the e layer, and three layers of combination block are laid on the f layer. Gaps among the combined blocks are filled with filling materials, and each layer is compacted and leveled. A front view thereof is shown in figure 13.
6) Performing a simulation experiment
And after the maintenance of the analog simulation material meets the preset requirement, performing an analog simulation experiment, excavating, pressurizing and other operations, wherein the effect of the novel analog simulation material is obviously superior to that of the traditional analog simulation material in the experiment process.
7) Reclaiming the combined blocks
Demolish novel simulation modeling experiment material after the experiment is accomplished, can retrieve after clearing up the combination block one by one, but reuse after the combination block is retrieved, a small amount of filling material abandons.
Example 2 an indoor physical simulation experiment for preventing and controlling a certain mine roof in the southwest is taken as an example. In the experiment, the stability of the mine roof is taken as a research object, relevant original rock cores are obtained on site, then rock stratum mechanical parameters are obtained through an indoor experiment, then the stability of the roof rock stratum on site is simulated through an indoor physical similarity simulation experiment, and the frame size of an adopted test bed is 0.8m multiplied by 0.2m multiplied by 0.6m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height).
1) Basic profile of the simulated roof strata:
the simulated thickness for this top plate was 20m, the basic case being: the sandstone comprises a layer a of fine sandstone with the thickness of-4 m, b layer sandstone with the thickness of-6 m, c layer mudstone with the thickness of-2 m, d layer sandy mudstone with the thickness of-5 m and e layer medium and fine sandstone with the thickness of-3 m from top to bottom in sequence. The lithological parameters simulated were: the elastic modulus of the a layer-fine sandstone is 4.01 multiplied by 10 3 Mpa; elastic modulus of the b-layer sandstone is 4.35 multiplied by 10 3 Mpa; elastic modulus of layer c-mudstone is 3.4X 10 3 Mpa; the elastic modulus of d-layer sandy mudstone is 3.84 multiplied by 10 3 Mpa; e layer-medium fine sandstone with elastic modulus of 5.2X 10 3 Mpa。
2) Calculation of the similarity ratio:
the geometric similarity ratio is set to be 1. The geometrical similarity is as follows: c l ＝Y m /Y y ＝Z m /Z y =1/100, wherein C l As geometric similarity ratio, Y m 、Z m Respectively, height and width of the model, Y y 、Z y Actual height and width.
Volume-weight similarity ratio: c γ ＝γ mi /γ yi =1/1.2, wherein C γ Is a volume-weight similarity ratio, gamma mi Is the specific gravity of the i-th rock formation in the model, gamma yi Is the specific gravity of the actual formation.
Modulus of elasticity to strength similarity ratio: c E ＝C l C γ =1/100 x (1/1.2) =1/120, in which C E The modulus of elasticity similarity ratio.
According to the calculation of the similarity ratio, the thickness of each layer of the simulated material in the model can be obtained, and the total thickness of the simulated material is 20cm.
3) Selecting novel simulation materials according to similarity ratio
The method comprises the following steps of selecting a framework block material in a combined block body according to the calculated similar elastic modulus, wherein the framework block is made of a rigid material, the framework block is formed by pouring through a template, a cementing material used for pouring is verified by a mechanical experiment and mainly made of cement, bamboo fiber and sand in a mixed mode, and different framework blocks are made by utilizing different proportions: the proportion of the three components is adjusted to 4; the three are proportioned into 4; the three are proportioned into 3; 3, mixing the three components in proportion into a mixture in a ratio of 3; the three proportions were adjusted to 4. The tension-preventing rod in the combined block body adopts a screw rod with the diameter of 0.5 cm.
And selecting the filling material according to the calculated similar elastic modulus: the simulated fine sandstone is prepared by mixing sand, gypsum and whiting, and the mixture ratio is 7; the simulated sandstone is prepared by mixing sand, gypsum and whiting, and the mixture ratio is 9; the simulated mudstone is prepared by mixing sand, gypsum and white powder, and the mixture ratio is 8; the simulated sandy mudstone is prepared by mixing sand, gypsum and whiting, and the mixture ratio is 6; the simulated medium and fine sandstone is prepared by mixing sand, gypsum and whiting, and the mixture ratio is 8; .
4) Making composite blocks and filling materials
According to the width of the test bed, the length of the combined block body is set to be 20cm, and the framework block is connected with the tension rod through threads. The tension-proof rod is a screw rod with the diameter of 0.5cm, and is machined into a length of 15cm by a lathe. The skeleton block is cast by the cementing material in the step 3) by using a template, and is cast to be 5cm long; and pouring the finished threaded pipe into the framework block, manufacturing the threaded hole into a non-through hole, locating the threaded hole at the center of the cross section of the framework block, and enabling the diameter of the threaded hole in the framework block to correspond to the tension-preventing rod, wherein the length of the threaded hole is 2.5cm.
According to the method in the step 3), all the framework blocks are 5cm long, and when a layer a is simulated, 38 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameter of 2cm and 51 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameter of 1.5cm are manufactured by the method and then connected with the tension-preventing rod to form a combined block body; when simulating a layer b, manufacturing 116 cylindrical skeleton blocks with the diameter of 2cm by using the method, and connecting the cylindrical skeleton blocks with the tension-preventing rods to form a combined block body; when simulating a layer c, 38 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameter of 2cm are manufactured by the method, and then the cylindrical framework blocks are connected with the tension-preventing rods to form a combined block body; when simulating a d layer, 63 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameter of 2.5cm are manufactured by the method, and then the framework blocks are connected with the tension-preventing rods to form a combined block body; when simulating an e layer, 32 cylindrical framework blocks with the diameter of 2.5cm are manufactured by the method, and then the framework blocks are connected with the tension-proof rods to form a combined block body.
And (4) mixing the sand, the gypsum and the white powder according to the proportion of different layers to prepare a proper amount of filling material according to the method in the step 3).
5) Laying the novel simulation material
This is laid and is adopted the mode of inseparable laminating between the combination block to lay, and two layers combination block are laid on the a layer, and three layers combination block are laid on the b layer, and a layer combination block is laid on the c layer, and two layers combination block are laid on the d layer, and a layer combination block is laid on the e layer. Gaps among the combined blocks are filled with filling materials, and each layer is compacted and leveled. A front view thereof can be seen in fig. 14.
6) Performing a simulation experiment
And after the maintenance of the similar simulation material reaches the preset requirement, performing a similar simulation experiment, performing excavation, pressurization and other operations, wherein the effect of the novel similar simulation material is obviously superior to that of the traditional similar simulation material in the experiment process.
7) Recovering the combined blocks
Demolish novel analog simulation experiment material after the experiment is accomplished, can retrieve combination block after the clean up one by one, but reuse after combination block retrieves, a small amount of filling material is abandoned.
Claims (6)
1. A similar simulation experiment model comprises an experiment model body (4), and is characterized in that the experiment model body (4) consists of a plurality of combined block layers and filling materials (5) which are longitudinally and sequentially arranged, and each combined block layer consists of a plurality of combined blocks (6) which are sequentially arranged along the left and right directions; the filling material (5) is prepared by mixing gypsum, sand and a whiting material; the filling material (5) is filled in gaps among all combined blocks (6) in the experimental model body (4); the combined block body (6) consists of an anti-tension rod (1) positioned in the middle, a front framework block (2) fixedly connected to the front end of the anti-tension rod (1) and a rear framework block (3) fixedly connected to the rear end of the anti-tension rod (1); selecting materials of the front framework block (2) and the rear framework block (3) of different layers according to the elastic modulus of the corresponding layer obtained through calculation;
the tension-proof rod (1) is made of a rigid threaded rod body or a rigid round rod body.
2. A simulation modeling experiment according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of modular blocks (6) in each modular layer are closely arranged, and the modular blocks (6) in two adjacent modular layers are closely arranged.
3. A simulation modeling model according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of blocks (6) in each layer of blocks are arranged with gaps between them, and blocks (6) in two adjacent layers of blocks are arranged with gaps between them in the vertical direction.
4. The simulation experiment model as claimed in claim 3, wherein the front skeleton block (2) is made of rigid material pre-embedded with a threaded pipe or made of flexible material provided with a threaded hole; the rear framework block (3) is made of rigid materials with embedded threaded pipes or flexible materials with threaded holes.
5. A simulation-alike experimental model according to claim 1, characterized in that the anterior skeleton block (2) is one of a cylinder or a prism with a hexagonal cross-section or a profile-shaped cross-sectional body; the rear framework block (3) is one of a cylinder or a prism with a hexagonal section or a special-shaped section.
6. A method for laying out a simulation-like experimental model according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing a sufficient amount of combined blocks (6);
the selection steps of the combined block (6) and the filling material (5) are as follows:
step 1: calculating a similarity ratio;
before the experiment begins, determining the geometric similarity ratio of a good similarity experiment, calculating the stress similarity ratio of the materials according to the geometric similarity ratio, and obtaining the elastic modulus of each layer of similar materials;
calculating the geometric similarity ratio according to the formula (1)C l ；
C l =Y m /Y y =Z m /Z y （1）；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Y m 、Z m respectively the height and the width of the model,Y y 、Z y actual height and width;
calculating the volume-weight similarity ratio according to the formula (2)C γ ；
C γ =γ im /γ iy （2）；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,γ im is the first in the modeliThe specific gravity of the formation layers,γ iy is the specific gravity of the actual formation;
calculating the elastic modulus similarity ratio C according to the formula (3) E ；
C E =C l C γ （3）；
Step 2: reasonably selecting materials of the front framework block (2) and the rear framework block (3) in the combined block body (6);
selecting corresponding materials of the front framework block (2) and the rear framework block (3) according to the elastic modulus of the similar materials obtained through calculation, wherein the materials of the front framework block (2) and the rear framework block (3) at different layers are also selected according to the elastic modulus of the corresponding layers obtained through calculation;
and step 3: -rational determination of the filling material (5);
determining the elastic modulus of each layer of simulation material according to the stress similarity ratio obtained by calculation, and selecting a filling material according to the elastic modulus;
preparing a sufficient number of combined blocks (6) and preparing a proper amount of gypsum, sand and white powder for mixing as a filling material (5) in a similar simulation model for filling gaps between the adjacent combined blocks (6);
s2, paving a bottom layer similar material on the experiment table;
the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of combined blocks (6) are laid at the bottom of an experiment platform one by one to form a bottom combined block layer, gaps are reserved between every two adjacent combined blocks (6) in a staggered mode or are laid in a tightly-fitted mode, after the bottom combined block layer is laid, the gaps between every two adjacent combined blocks (6) are filled with filling materials (5), and then the bottom combined block layer is compacted and leveled;
s3: paving layers of similar materials from bottom to top in sequence;
the method for laying similar materials on the bottom layer is repeated, each layer of similar simulation materials are sequentially laid from bottom to top, gaps are reserved between the combined blocks (6) in two adjacent combined block layers in staggered joint or through joint in the vertical direction, the gaps between the combined blocks (6) in two adjacent combined block layers are filled with filling materials (5), and each layer of similar materials is laid, pressed, compacted and leveled;
s4: carrying out a similar simulation experiment;
after all the paving is finished, carrying out a similar simulation experiment after the material maintenance meets the preset requirement;
s5, recovering the combined block (6);
demolish the similar simulation material after the experiment, clear up combination block (6) and retrieve again, every combination block (6) all can be retrieved completely, retrieves and accomplishes and can used repeatedly.
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