CN113390471A - River flow estimation method based on GNSS reflected signals - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
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Abstract
The invention relates to a river flow estimation method based on GNSS reflected signals, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a water level sequence of a river section; performing Lagrange interpolation according to the water level sequence to determine a gridding water level; acquiring riverbed elevation information; performing Lagrange interpolation according to the riverbed elevation information to determine the gridded riverbed elevation; determining gridding water depth according to the gridding water level and the gridding riverbed elevation; acquiring a flow velocity value of a river section; performing Lagrange interpolation according to the flow velocity value to determine a gridding surface flow velocity; determining the average flow velocity of the gridding section according to the gridding surface flow velocity; and determining the section flow of the river according to the average flow velocity of the gridding section and the gridding water depth. The river flow is determined through the cross-section flow velocity and the water level information, and the accuracy of river flow estimation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of river flow estimation, in particular to a river flow estimation method based on GNSS reflected signals.
Background
The river flow measuring method mainly comprises a direct measuring method and a remote sensing method. The direct measurement method adopts a measurement method of direct contact with rivers, mainly comprises a hydrological station based on a flow meter and an acoustic Doppler flow profiler, but is influenced by economic factors and complex environments, the deployment difficulty is large, and the detection cost is high. The traditional remote sensing method is mainly characterized in that an empirical model is established by combining parameters such as river width, water level or flow velocity and the like detected by a microwave remote sensor with actual river flow. According to the method, river cross-section flow velocity distribution and river bed elevation information are not needed, the detection difficulty is reduced, the ubiquitous capability is poor, a specific empirical model needs to be established according to a specific observation point, the space-time resolution is low, the size and the power consumption are large, and river flow information cannot be obtained through a single sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a river flow estimation method based on GNSS reflected signals, which determines river flow through cross-sectional flow velocity and water level information and improves river flow estimation accuracy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a river flow estimation method based on GNSS reflected signals comprises the following steps:
acquiring a water level sequence of a river section;
performing Lagrange interpolation according to the water level sequence to determine a gridding water level;
acquiring riverbed elevation information;
performing Lagrange interpolation according to the riverbed elevation information to determine the gridded riverbed elevation;
determining gridding water depth according to the gridding water level and the gridding riverbed elevation;
acquiring a flow velocity value of a river section;
performing Lagrange interpolation according to the flow velocity value to determine a gridding surface flow velocity;
determining the average flow velocity of the gridding section according to the gridding surface flow velocity;
and determining the section flow of the river according to the average flow velocity of the gridding section and the gridding water depth.
Optionally, before the acquiring the water level sequence of the river section, the method further includes:
and carrying out meshing treatment on the river section.
Optionally, the gridding water level calculation formula is as follows:
wherein HriFor gridding the water level, BiIs the grid position, xkIs the position of the kth measurement point, xjIs the position of the jth measurement point, yjIs jth water level information.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the gridding riverbed elevation is as follows:
wherein HbiFor gridding the bed elevation, zjThe bed height of the jth measurement point location.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the gridding water depth is as follows:
hri＝Hri-Hbi
wherein h isriTo grid the water depth.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the gridding surface flow velocity is as follows:
wherein v isiFor gridding the surface flow velocity, vjThe flow rate corresponding to the jth measurement point.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the average flow velocity of the gridding section is as follows:
wherein,
is the average flow velocity of the gridded cross section, m is the first riverbed roughness related parameter, ksIs the second and riverbed roughness related parameter.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the cross-sectional flow of the river is as follows:
wherein Q isrThe cross-sectional flow of the river, BupAn upper bound of river width, BdownThe lower bound of the river width.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a river flow estimation method based on GNSS reflected signals, which comprises the steps of carrying out Lagrange interpolation according to a water level sequence and determining a gridding water level; performing Lagrange interpolation according to the riverbed elevation information to determine the gridded riverbed elevation; determining the gridding water depth according to the gridding water level and the gridding riverbed elevation; performing Lagrange interpolation according to the flow velocity value to determine the gridding surface flow velocity; determining the average flow velocity of the gridding section according to the gridding surface flow velocity; and determining the section flow of the river according to the average flow velocity of the gridding section and the gridding water depth. The river flow is determined through the cross-section flow velocity and the water level information, and the accuracy of river flow estimation is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for estimating river discharge based on GNSS reflected signals according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a river;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a river;
fig. 4 is a specific working flow chart of the method for estimating river discharge based on GNSS reflected signals according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a river flow estimation method based on GNSS reflected signals, which determines river flow through cross-sectional flow velocity and water level information and improves river flow estimation accuracy.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for estimating river discharge based on GNSS reflected signals according to the present invention includes:
step 101: and acquiring a water level sequence of the river section.
Step 102: and performing Lagrange interpolation according to the water level sequence to determine the gridding water level. Wherein, the gridding water level calculation formula is as follows:
wherein HriIs the gridded water level, i.e. the distance from the river surface to the bottom of the section, BiIs the grid position, xkIs the position of the kth measurement point, xjIs the position of the jth measurement point, yjIs jth water level information.
Step 103: and acquiring river bed elevation information.
Step 104: and performing Lagrange interpolation according to the riverbed elevation information to determine the gridded riverbed elevation. Wherein, the calculation formula of the gridding riverbed elevation is as follows:
wherein HbiFor gridding the bed elevation, i.e. the bed elevation corresponding to grid i, zjThe bed height of the jth measurement point location.
Step 105: and determining the gridding water depth according to the gridding water level and the gridding riverbed elevation.
Wherein, the calculation formula of the gridding water depth is as follows:
hri＝Hri-Hbi
wherein h isriTo grid the water depth.
Step 106: and acquiring the flow velocity value of the river section.
Step 107: and performing Lagrange interpolation according to the flow velocity value to determine the gridding surface flow velocity. Wherein, the calculation formula of the gridding surface flow velocity is as follows:
wherein v isiFor gridding the surface flow velocity, vjThe flow rate corresponding to the jth measurement point.
Step 108: and determining the average flow velocity of the gridding section according to the gridding surface flow velocity. Wherein, the calculation formula of the average flow velocity of the gridding section is as follows:
wherein,
for gridded cross-sectional average flow velocity, m isFirst bed roughness related parameter, ksIs the second and riverbed roughness related parameter.
Step 109: and determining the section flow of the river according to the average flow velocity of the gridding section and the gridding water depth. Wherein, the calculation formula of the cross-section flow of the river is as follows:
wherein Q isrThe cross-sectional flow of the river, BupAn upper bound of river width, BdownThe lower bound of the river width.
In practical applications, step 101 further includes: and carrying out meshing treatment on the river section.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention further provides a specific workflow of a method for estimating river discharge based on GNSS reflected signals, the steps of which are as follows:
in order to calculate the river flow, the river section is gridded. As shown in FIG. 2, assuming the grid width is Δ B, the river is divided into n grids, denoted as { B }i|i＝1,2,…,n}。
Wherein, BupAnd BdownRespectively representing the upper and lower bounds of the river width,
the upper rounding operator is represented. River flow was calculated every 2 hours. During the period, the mirror reflection point tracks of M satellites are distributed in the land/river or river, and N flow velocity values and K water level values are obtained in total after time-space domain mapping.
The first step is as follows: and calculating the depth of the section water.
1) Reading a water level sequence H with the length of K acquired within two hoursr(Bs) In which B issIndicating the water level HrCorresponding position. Water level HrAbout the position of the measuring point BsIs calculated as | Bs-BiI, sorting according to size, selecting 4 absolute values with minimum value, namely distance grid BiThe nearest 4 points, the position of the corresponding measuring point can be recorded as x1,x2,x3,x4，x1,x2,x3,x4At the measuring point position BsIn (1), its corresponding water level is recorded as y1,y2,y3,y4Calculating gridding water level { H using Lagrange interpolation ri1,2, …, n }, wherein:
Hrithe distance from the surface of the river to the bottom of the cross section is shown.
2) Reading riverbed elevation information Hb(Bt) (local topographic mapping or low-frequency geological radar is obtained once), the riverbed elevation information is the position of a riverbed elevation measuring point, the riverbed elevation is also a sequence related to the position of the measuring point, as shown in figure 3, the read riverbed elevation information is divided into grids, similarly to a method for calculating the water level, for each grid, 4 measuring points closest to the center of the grid are taken, and the positions of the measuring points are marked as x1,x2,x3,x4And its corresponding riverbed height is recorded as z1,z2,z3,z4And performing Lagrange interpolation on the n-th order to obtain n gridded { HbiI |, 1,2, …, n }. Wherein the elevation of the riverbed corresponding to the grid i is Hbi. Calculating gridding riverbed elevation { Hbi|i＝1,2,…,n}：
3) Real water depth h corresponding to grid iriFor the depth H of the corresponding sectionriMinus the height H of the bedbi. From this, the gridded water depth h is calculatedri：
hri＝Hri-Hbi
The second step is that: calculating the average flow velocity of the cross section
1) Reading N flow velocity values v (B) obtained within two hourss). Selecting distance grid B by calculating gridding water leveliThe position of the nearest 4 flow velocity values corresponding to the measuring points is recorded as x1,x2,x3,x4The corresponding flow velocity is denoted v1,v2,v3,v4Performing Lagrange interpolation to calculate gridding surface flow velocity { vi|i＝1,2,…,n}：
2) Calculating the average flow velocity of the gridding section
Wherein m and ksIs a parameter related to the roughness of the riverbed, and m is 1/6, ks0.2. (m and k)sThe values of (A) are common to all people, belong to the common general knowledge in the field and need not give any explanation to the places)
The third step: calculating the cross-sectional flow
The cross-sectional flow of river water is the integral of the average flow velocity of the gridding cross-section on the cross-section:
wherein Q isrThe estimated river section flow is obtained. The first part of the formula is a theoretical expression. The theoretical expressions cannot be calculated, so discretization is performed. The second step is to adjust the water levelDiscretization is carried out, and the third step is to discretize the river width.
The method combines the river width, water level and flow rate obtained by GNSS reflected signal measurement with the actual flow, and establishes an empirical model for river flow estimation through a calculation method of river section average flow rate and water depth distribution through spatial interpolation and full parameter integration based on section flow rate and water level information, thereby realizing accurate estimation of river flow.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a full-parameter integral river flow estimation model by a method for calculating the average flow velocity and the water depth distribution of a river section through spatial interpolation and based on the section flow velocity and water level information. The GNSS reflected signal technology is used for river flow detection, algorithm complexity is low, and detection precision is high.
The GNSS reflected signal technology used by the invention has the advantages of abundant signal resources, global full-time and all-weather coverage, wide detection range and low cost.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A river flow estimation method based on GNSS reflected signals is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a water level sequence of a river section;
performing Lagrange interpolation according to the water level sequence to determine a gridding water level;
acquiring riverbed elevation information;
performing Lagrange interpolation according to the riverbed elevation information to determine the gridded riverbed elevation;
determining gridding water depth according to the gridding water level and the gridding riverbed elevation;
acquiring a flow velocity value of a river section;
performing Lagrange interpolation according to the flow velocity value to determine a gridding surface flow velocity;
determining the average flow velocity of the gridding section according to the gridding surface flow velocity;
and determining the section flow of the river according to the average flow velocity of the gridding section and the gridding water depth.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the water level sequence of the river section further comprises:
and carrying out meshing treatment on the river section.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the grid water level calculation formula is as follows:
wherein HriFor gridding the water level, BiIs the grid position, xkIs the position of the kth measurement point, xjIs the position of the jth measurement point, yjIs jth water level information.
4. The GNSS reflected signal based river discharge estimation method of claim 3, wherein the gridded riverbed elevation is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein HbiFor gridding the bed elevation, zjThe bed height of the jth measurement point location.
5. The GNSS reflected signal based river discharge estimation method of claim 4, wherein the gridded water depth is calculated according to the following formula:
hri＝Hri-Hbi
wherein h isriTo grid the water depth.
6. The GNSS reflected signal based river discharge estimation method of claim 5, wherein the gridded surface flow velocity is calculated by the following formula:
wherein v isiFor gridding the surface flow velocity, vjThe flow rate corresponding to the jth measurement point.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the calculation formula of the average flow velocity of the gridding section is as follows:
wherein,
is the average flow velocity of the gridded cross section, m is the first riverbed roughness related parameter, ksIs the second and riverbed roughness related parameter.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cross-sectional flow of the river is calculated as follows:
wherein Q isrThe cross-sectional flow of the river, BupAn upper bound of river width, BdownThe lower bound of the river width.
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