CN113389833B - Multilayer rod end spherical hinge and design method thereof - Google Patents
Multilayer rod end spherical hinge and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113389833B CN113389833B CN202110790211.XA CN202110790211A CN113389833B CN 113389833 B CN113389833 B CN 113389833B CN 202110790211 A CN202110790211 A CN 202110790211A CN 113389833 B CN113389833 B CN 113389833B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
- F16F1/393—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type with spherical or conical sleeves
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of elastic rubber part shock absorption, in particular to a multilayer rod end spherical hinge and a design method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of elastic rubber part shock absorption, in particular to a multilayer rod end spherical hinge and a design method thereof.
Background
The rod end spherical hinge is an important damping connecting element, is mainly used on trains, high-speed rails, automobiles, ships or airplanes, and bears the deflection angle and the radial load through the deformation of the rod end spherical hinge when a machine body bears the complex load working conditions of radial load, torsion load, deflection load and the like, so that the machine body is prevented from rolling over during operation. The rod end spherical hinge generally comprises a mandrel, an outer sleeve and a rubber layer, wherein the rubber layer is positioned between the mandrel and the outer sleeve, and the mandrel and the outer sleeve are both of metal piece structures; the spherical hinge of the rod end adopts a metal piece and a rubber body to be vulcanized into a whole at a certain temperature and pressure, and vulcanized rubber is utilized to play a role in damping and buffering a vehicle body. In order to increase the radial rigidity of the rubber body and enable the machine body to bear larger load, under a plurality of working conditions, the rubber layer is additionally provided with the spacer bush, and the rubber layer is divided into a plurality of layers by the spacer bush. In the running process of the machine body, the rubber layer is in a high-frequency repeated vibration, so that the rubber layer is subjected to fatigue due to the vibration, the fatigue is particularly reflected on the outer end molded surface of the rubber layer, the rubber molded surface is frequently cracked, stacked and folded, particularly when the machine body bears large radial pressure, the stacking and folding degree of the rubber molded surface is increased, and the overall fatigue resistance and the service life of the rod end ball hinge are seriously influenced.
In the prior art, for example, the invention patent with the application number of 201710617061.6 entitled "method for designing rubber profile of traction link node and traction link node". The design method comprises the steps that the rubber molded surface of the traction pull rod node is designed into an arc convex surface protruding outwards, the arc convex surface is gradually close to the inner wall of the outer sleeve from outside to inside, the arc convex surface is transited with the inner wall of the outer sleeve through a first transition surface, the arc convex surface is transited with the outer wall of the mandrel through a second transition surface, the first transition surface is designed into an arc surface concave inwards, and the second transition surface is designed into a cambered surface concave inwards. The technical solution disclosed in this patent application is shown in fig. 1: the rubber profile of the node of the traction pull rod is in an outward convex shape when subjected to large radial pressure. The invention has the following defects: 1. when the node of the traction pull rod is subjected to large radial pressure, the rubber profile still can be repeatedly folded to be broken and cracked in a partial area due to uneven stress, and the fatigue resistance of the traction pull rod is influenced; 2. the scheme relates to a single-layer rubber structure of an outer sleeve, a rubber layer and a mandrel, namely the related rubber profile is a rubber profile positioned between the outer sleeve and the mandrel and is not suitable for fatigue resistance of the rubber profile in a multi-layer rubber layer structure matched with a spacer sleeve.
The invention patent of '201810809134.6', named as 'a double-spherical traction rubber joint and a manufacturing method thereof' discloses a double-spherical traction rubber joint and a manufacturing method thereof. The double-spherical traction rubber joint comprises a mandrel, an outer sleeve and a rubber layer; the mandrel comprises a mandrel spherical section, the outer side surface of the mandrel spherical section is a spherical surface, the rubber layer is bonded between the outer spherical surface of the mandrel and the inner spherical surface of the outer sleeve in a vulcanization mode, the thickness in the middle of the rubber layer is smaller than or equal to the thickness at two ends of the rubber layer, and the sum of the radius of the mandrel spherical section and the thickness in the middle of the rubber layer is smaller than or equal to the radius of the outer sleeve spherical section. During manufacturing, the outer side surface of the middle part of the mandrel and the inner side surface of the middle part of the outer sleeve are processed into spherical surfaces, and the rubber layer is vulcanized and bonded between the double spherical surfaces of the mandrel and the outer sleeve; firstly, processing the rubber molded surfaces at two ends of the rubber layer into rear-close type rubber molded surfaces, and then manufacturing and molding through radial precompression. The rubber profile of the double-spherical traction rubber joint disclosed by the invention is shown in figure 2 and is integrally in an inwards concave cambered surface. The defects of the invention are as follows: 1. when the rubber joint bears large radial pressure, the pressed-close type concave rubber profile is easy to repeatedly break at the included angle part close to the outer sleeve due to uneven stress, so that the cracking phenomenon is easy to occur, and the fatigue performance is poor; 2. the scheme relates to a single-layer rubber structure of an outer sleeve, a rubber layer and a mandrel, and the related rubber profile is also a rubber profile positioned between the outer sleeve and the mandrel and is not suitable for fatigue resistance of the rubber profile in a multi-layer rubber layer structure matched with a spacer sleeve.
The above patents are all patents previously applied by the inventor of the present company, and as can be seen from the analysis of the above patents, although the patents relate to the design of the rubber profile in the rubber joint and also propose some improved technical solutions, the patents still only improve the rubber profile on the whole and design the rubber profile into a simple convex or concave structure, and do not design the whole rubber profile and the spacer in a segmented manner in accordance with different stresses and working conditions, and do not relate to the design of the rubber profile and the spacer between two spacers in the multi-layer rubber layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multilayer rod end spherical hinge, wherein the spacer sleeves and the rubber molded surfaces of the multilayer rod end spherical hinge form a semi-closed structure together, and a hard stop can be formed between the adjacent spacer sleeves when the multilayer rod end spherical hinge is pressed, so that the rubber stress can be reduced, and the rubber wrinkles are prevented from being broken when the multilayer rod end spherical hinge bears a load. The invention also provides a design method of the multilayer rod end spherical hinge.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a multilayer rod end spherical hinge comprises an outer sleeve, a mandrel and a rubber layer positioned between the outer sleeve and the mandrel, wherein a spacer bush is arranged in the rubber layer and divides the rubber layer into a multilayer structure, the whole body of a rubber profile between adjacent spacer bushes is concave to form a rubber bearing unit, the end part of the spacer bush protrudes towards the outer sleeve to form an upper flange, the end part of the spacer bush protrudes towards the mandrel to form a lower flange, the lower flange of the upper spacer bush in the adjacent spacer bush, the upper flange of the lower spacer bush and the rubber bearing unit form a semi-closed structure together, and the semi-closed structure provides a deformation volume space of the rubber profile for the rubber bearing unit when the rubber bearing unit deforms under pressure; and the lower flange of the upper spacer and the upper flange of the lower spacer in the adjacent spacers form a hard stop when being pressed so as to reduce rubber stress, avoid rubber fold fracture when bearing load and simultaneously avoid the rubber bearing unit from being extruded out of the semi-closed structure when being pressed.
Preferably, the lower flange of the previous spacer in the adjacent spacers and the upper flange of the next spacer are arranged in opposite alignment, and the width of the upper flange of the next spacer in the adjacent spacers is larger than that of the lower flange of the previous spacer, so that the lower flange of the previous spacer in the adjacent spacers and the upper flange of the next spacer can be compacted at the upper end of the middle part of the upper flange of the next spacer to form a hard stop when the lower flange of the previous spacer and the upper flange of the next spacer are pressed.
Preferably, the rubber bearing unit is a multi-line segment combined structure so as to realize the nonlinear variable rigidity of the rubber.
Preferably, the multi-line section combined structure consists of a plurality of straight surface sections, and circular arc transition is performed between each two straight surface sections; the straight section comprises an oblique straight section and a vertical section.
Preferably, the lower flange comprises a second inner side face and a lower bottom face, the second inner side face is a side face of the lower flange facing the spherical hinge, and the lower bottom face is a horizontal plane of the lower flange far away from the upper flange; the spacer bush comprises an upper end face of the spacer bush and a lower end face of the spacer bush; the straight section connected with the lower flange in the multi-line section combined structure is a first oblique straight section, the first oblique straight section and the lower flange are connected to the second inner side face and connected to the lower portion of an inflection point D of the lower end face of the second inner side face and the spacer sleeve, and the first oblique straight section inclines towards the inner side of the spherical hinge towards the oblique lower side from the lower portion of the point D.
Preferably, the multi-line-segment combined structure comprises a concave bottom surface, and the concave bottom surface is a concave bottom of the rubber bearing unit which is concave inwards integrally; the multi-line section combined structure also comprises a second inclined straight section, a third inclined straight section and a fourth inclined straight section; the second inclined straight section and the first inclined straight section are connected to one end, far away from the second inner side face, of the first inclined straight section, and the second inclined straight section and the first inclined straight section are in transition through a first arc; the upper end of the concave bottom surface and the second inclined straight surface section are connected to one end, away from the first inclined straight surface section, of the second inclined straight surface section, the concave bottom surface and the second inclined straight surface section are in transition through a second circular arc, and the second inclined straight surface section inclines towards the inner side of the spherical hinge and obliquely downwards; the lower end of the concave bottom surface and the third oblique straight section are connected to the upper end of the third oblique straight section, the concave bottom surface and the third oblique straight section are in transition through a third arc, and the third oblique straight section inclines obliquely upwards towards the inner side of the spherical hinge; the lower end of the third inclined straight section and the fourth inclined straight section are connected to one end, far away from the concave bottom surface, of the third inclined straight section, and the third inclined straight section and the fourth inclined straight section are in transition through a fourth arc.
Preferably, the upper flange comprises an upper top surface and a first inner side surface, the first inner side surface is a side surface of the upper flange facing the inner side of the spherical hinge, and the upper top surface is a horizontal plane of the upper flange far away from the lower flange; the fourth inclined straight section is connected with the upper end face of the spacer sleeve and is connected to the upper end face of the spacer sleeve at a position close to an inflection point S between the upper end face of the spacer sleeve and the first inner side face.
Preferably, the slope of the first oblique straight section is set to be 30-60 degrees, namely, an included angle B1 between the first oblique straight section and the abscissa axis X1 is set to be 30-60 degrees; the slope of the fourth diagonal straight section is set to 120-150, i.e. the angle B2 between the fourth diagonal straight section and the abscissa axis X2 is set to 120-150.
Preferably, the rigidity change size and the rigidity change position of the rubber bearing unit formed by the rubber profile are realized by adjusting the slope or the length of the first inclined straight section, the second inclined straight section, the concave bottom surface, the third inclined straight section or the fourth inclined straight section.
Preferably, the distance between the lower flange of the previous spacer and the upper flange of the next spacer is adjusted, so that the upper top surface of the lower flange of the previous spacer is in contact with the upper top surface of the next spacer and forms a hard stop before the wrinkles of the rubber bearing unit formed by the rubber profiles are broken, and the wrinkles of the rubber bearing unit are prevented from being broken.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
1. the spacer bush of the rod end spherical hinge comprises an upper flange and a lower flange, wherein the lower flange of an upper spacer bush, the upper flange of a lower spacer bush and a rubber bearing unit formed by rubber profiles between the adjacent spacer bushes form a semi-closed structure together:
1) When the ball pivot bears load, the rubber bearing unit takes place deformation in semi-closed space, and semi-closed structure prevents that the rubber profile lacks deformation volume space and piles up deformation fracture for the volume space when rubber profile deformation is provided for the rubber bearing unit.
2) When the spherical hinge is pressed, the lower flange of the previous spacer bush and the upper flange of the next spacer bush in the adjacent spacer bushes can form a hard stop, the rubber layer is prevented from being further pressed down, the rubber stress is reduced, the rubber profile wrinkles are prevented from being broken, the distance between the lower flange of the previous spacer bush and the upper flange of the next spacer bush in the adjacent spacer bushes can be adjusted according to the application working condition and the bearing capacity of the spherical hinge, and the hard stop is formed to prevent the rubber layer from being excessively pressed and extruded and broken.
2. The invention can also adjust the slope or length of each straight section in a multi-line section combined structure in the rubber bearing unit formed by the rubber profile in the semi-closed space to adjust the rigidity change size and the rigidity change position, thereby realizing nonlinear rigidity change.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall sectional structural schematic diagram of a rod end ball hinge.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of the rubber profile and the spacer between two adjacent spacers and rubber layers at R in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 2 at M.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 2 at N.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the variation process of the rubber bearing unit and the lower flange of the upper spacer and the upper flange of the lower spacer when the ball joint is pressed.
FIG. 6 is a graphical illustration of the static radial load profile of the first and second diagonal straight segments.
The reference numerals include: 1. a mandrel; 2. a spacer sleeve; 21. an upper flange; 211. an upper top surface; 212. a first inner side; 22. a lower flange; 221. a second inner side; 222. a lower bottom surface; 23. the upper end surface of the partition sleeve; 24. the lower end surface of the spacer bush; 3. a rubber layer; 31. a first inclined straight section; 32. a second inclined straight section; 33. a third inclined straight section; 34. a fourth inclined straight section; 35. a concave bottom surface; 36. a first arc; 37. a second arc; 38. a third arc; 39. a fourth arc; 4. a jacket; 5. a rubber load-bearing unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-5.
A multilayer rod end spherical hinge comprises an outer sleeve 4, a mandrel 1 and a rubber layer 3 positioned between the outer sleeve 4 and the mandrel 1, wherein a spacer bush 2 is arranged in the rubber layer 3, the rubber layer 3 is divided into a multilayer structure by the spacer bush 2, the whole body of a rubber profile between adjacent spacer bushes 2 is concave to form a rubber bearing unit 5, the end part of each spacer bush 2 protrudes towards the outer sleeve 4 to form an upper flange 21, the end part of each spacer bush 2 protrudes towards the mandrel 1 to form a lower flange 22, the lower flange 22 of the upper spacer bush 2 in each adjacent spacer bush 2, the upper flange 21 of the lower spacer bush 2 and the rubber bearing unit 5 form a semi-closed structure together, and the semi-closed structure provides a deformation volume space of the rubber profile for the rubber bearing unit 5 when the rubber bearing unit is deformed under pressure; and the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 in adjacent spacers 2 form hard stops when pressed to reduce rubber stress, avoid rubber wrinkles breaking when bearing load, and avoid the rubber bearing unit 5 from being extruded out of the semi-closed structure when pressed.
As shown in fig. 1, the rod end spherical hinge includes an outer sleeve 4, a mandrel 1, a rubber layer 3 and a spacer bush 2, the rubber layer 3 is located between the outer sleeve 4 and the mandrel 1, the rubber layer 3 is internally provided with a plurality of spacer bushes 2, the rubber layer is divided into a plurality of layers by the plurality of spacer bushes 2, the spacer bush in this embodiment is 8 layers, and the rubber layer 3 is divided into 9 layers, and those skilled in the art can set other numbers of spacer bushes 2 according to actual situations; as shown in fig. 2, the rubber profile between adjacent spacers 2 is wholly concave to form a rubber bearing unit 5; the end parts of the spacer bushes 2 are protruded up and down, the end parts of the spacer bushes 2 are protruded towards the outer sleeve 4 to form upper flanges 21, the end parts of the spacer bushes 2 are protruded towards the mandrel 1 to form lower flanges 22, the lower flange 22 of the upper spacer bush 2 in the adjacent spacer bushes 2, the upper flange 21 of the lower spacer bush 2 and the rubber bearing unit 5 formed by the rubber profiles form a semi-closed structure together, when the ball hinge bears load, the rubber profiles are deformed in the semi-closed structure, the semi-closed structure provides a volume space for the rubber bearing unit 5 when the rubber profiles are deformed, and the rubber profiles are prevented from being accumulated, deformed and fractured due to lack of the deformation volume space; and as shown in fig. 2, when the ball joint is pressed, the lower flange 22 of the upper spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the lower spacer 2 in the adjacent spacers 2 contact and form a hard stop, so that the rubber bearing unit 5 in the semi-closed structure is prevented from further bending and deforming, the rubber stress is reduced, and the rubber wrinkles are prevented from being broken.
As shown in FIG. 2, the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 in the adjacent spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 are arranged in opposite alignment, and the width of the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 in the adjacent spacer 2 is larger than that of the lower flange 22 in the previous spacer 2, so that the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 in the adjacent spacer 2 can be compacted at the upper end of the middle part of the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 to form a hard stop when the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 are pressed.
The lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 in the adjacent spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 are arranged in a relative centering manner, when bearing load, the stress of a hard stop formed by the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 in the adjacent spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 is uniformly concentrated, the support can be more stable, the rubber profile in the semi-closed structure is prevented from being further extruded and deformed to be wrinkled, the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 in the adjacent spacer 2 cannot incline towards one of two sides of the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 due to unstable support when being pressed, and the wrinkle deformation of the rubber profile is further prevented.
When the ball joint is initially pressed, the change of the adjacent spacer 2 and the change of the rubber bearing unit 5 are shown as an X diagram, as shown in FIG. 5, and the lower flange 22 of the upper spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the lower spacer 2 in the adjacent spacer 2 are close to each other, the rubber profile of the rubber bearing unit 5 in the semi-closed structure is pressed; when the ball hinge is further pressed, the change of the adjacent spacer 2 and the change of the rubber bearing unit 5 are shown as a Y diagram, and at the moment, the lower flange 22 of the upper spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the lower spacer 2 in the adjacent spacer 2 are further close, and the rubber profile of the rubber bearing unit 5 in the semi-closed structure is further extruded; when the ball joint depth is compressed, the change of the adjacent spacer 2 and the change of the rubber-carrying unit 5 are shown in the Z diagram, in which case the lower flange 22 of the upper spacer 2 in the adjacent spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the lower spacer 2 contact and form a stop, and the rubber profile of the rubber-carrying unit 5 in the semi-closed structure is pressed to the limit position. Since the width of the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 in the adjacent spacers 2 is greater than the width of the lower flange 22 in the previous spacer 2 and the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 in the adjacent spacers 2 and the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 are arranged in opposite alignment in this embodiment, when the ball hinge depth is pressed so that the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 in the adjacent spacers 2 and the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2 contact and form a stop, the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 will neither reduce the extrusion volume space of the rubber due to the too wide arrangement toward the inside of the ball hinge so that the rubber is extruded out of the semi-closed structure due to the too wide arrangement toward the outside of the ball hinge so that the rubber is extruded out.
The rubber bearing unit 5 is a multi-line-segment combined structure, so that nonlinear variable stiffness of rubber is realized. The rubber bearing unit 5 is arranged into a multi-line-segment combined structure, the number of combined line segments can be adjusted and increased, the length of each line segment can be adjusted, and the like, so that the rubber is not single linear variable stiffness, the application range of the product is enlarged, and the service life of the product is prolonged.
The multi-line section combined structure is composed of a plurality of straight surface sections, and circular arcs among the straight surface sections are in transition; the straight surface section comprises an inclined straight surface section and a vertical surface section. Compared with the rubber molded surface of the cambered surface section or other molded surface sections, when the inventor designs the spherical hinge according to the actual situation, the rubber molded surface of the straight surface section is better designed, calculated and analyzed so as to meet the variable rigidity requirement of rubber under various working conditions.
Taking the static radial load variation of the first oblique straight surface section 31 and the second oblique straight surface section 32 as an example when the spherical hinge is compressed, as shown in fig. 6, when the spherical hinge is compressed, an inflection point J is formed in the schematic view of the static radial load variation curve of the first oblique straight surface section 31 and the second oblique straight surface section 32, and an inflection point will also be formed between other adjacent profile sections in the multi-line section combined structure, so as to realize nonlinear stiffening.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the lower flange 22 includes a second inner side 221 and a lower bottom 222, the second inner side 221 is a side of the lower flange 22 facing the spherical hinge, and the lower bottom 222 is a horizontal plane of the lower flange 22 away from the upper flange 21; the spacer bush 2 comprises a spacer bush upper end surface 23 and a spacer bush lower end surface 24; the straight section connected with the lower flange 22 in the multi-line section combined structure is a first inclined straight section 31, the first inclined straight section 31 and the lower flange 22 are connected to the second inner side surface 221 and are connected below an inflection point D of the second inner side surface 221 and the spacer lower end surface 24, and the first inclined straight section 31 inclines towards the inner side of the spherical hinge from the lower side of the point D to the inclined lower side.
If the inflection point of the second inner side 221 of the lower flange 22 of the spacer 2 and the spacer lower end surface 24 is a position D, and if the first oblique straight section 31 and the lower flange 22 are connected to the position D or connected to a position close to the position D on the spacer lower end surface 24, when the ball hinge is pressed, because no redundant rubber deformation volume space is arranged at the position D, the rubber near the first oblique straight section 31 is extruded and then is accumulated towards the inflection point D where the spacer lower end surface 24 and the second inner side 221 are connected; in this embodiment, the first inclined straight section 31 is connected to the second inner side 221 of the lower flange 22 and connected to the lower side of the position D with the second inner side 221, so when the ball hinge is pressed, the rubber near the first inclined straight section 31 can gradually deform near the second inner side 221, and the semi-closed structure provides a deformation volume space for the rubber near the second inner side 221, and at this time, the rubber cannot be accumulated at the inflection point D of the two rubbers.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the multi-segment combined structure includes a concave bottom surface 35, and the concave bottom surface 35 is a concave bottom of the integrally concave rubber bearing unit 5; the multi-line section combined structure also comprises a second inclined straight section 32, a third inclined straight section 33 and a fourth inclined straight section 34; the second inclined straight section 32 and the first inclined straight section 31 are connected to one end, away from the second inner side surface 221, of the first inclined straight section 31, and the second inclined straight section 32 and the first inclined straight section 31 are transited through a first arc 36; the upper end of the concave bottom surface 35 and the second inclined straight surface section 32 are connected to one end, away from the first inclined straight surface section 31, of the second inclined straight surface section 32, the concave bottom surface 35 and the second inclined straight surface section 32 are transited through a second circular arc 37, and the second inclined straight surface section 32 inclines towards the inner side of the spherical hinge and obliquely downwards; the lower end of the concave bottom surface 35 and the third inclined straight section 33 are connected to the upper end of the third inclined straight section 33, the concave bottom surface 35 and the third inclined straight section 33 are transited through a third circular arc 38, and the third inclined straight section 33 inclines obliquely upwards towards the inner side of the spherical hinge; the lower end of the third inclined straight section 33 and the fourth inclined straight section 34 are connected to one end of the third inclined straight section 33 far away from the concave bottom surface 35, and the third inclined straight section 33 and the fourth inclined straight section 34 are transited through a fourth circular arc 39.
The rubber bearing unit 5 is a multi-line-segment combined structure, wherein the multi-line-segment combined structure comprises a first oblique straight section 31, a second oblique straight section 32, a third oblique straight section 33, a concave bottom 35 and a fourth oblique straight section 34, and the first oblique straight section 31, the second oblique straight section 32, the concave bottom 35, the third oblique straight section 33 and the fourth oblique straight section 34 are all in arc transition, so that the rubber is prevented from being broken due to overlarge folds at inflection points of two line segments of the multi-line-segment combined structure when the ball hinge bears a load under pressure; the concave bottom surface 35 in this embodiment is a vertical surface segment structure, and those skilled in the art can set the concave bottom surface 35 to be other profile structures according to actual needs to meet the requirements of actual working conditions.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the upper flange 21 includes an upper top surface 211 and a first inner side surface 212, the first inner side surface 212 is a side surface of the upper flange 21 facing the inner side of the ball hinge, and the upper top surface 211 is a horizontal surface of the upper flange 21 away from the lower flange 22; the fourth inclined straight section 34 is connected to the spacer upper end surface 23 and is connected to the upper end surface 23 of the spacer near the inflection point S of the spacer upper end surface 23 and the first inner side surface 212.
The inflection point of the first inner side surface 212 of the upper flange 21 of the spacer 2 and the upper end surface 23 of the spacer is S, if the fourth inclined straight section 34 and the upper flange 21 are connected to S or the first inner side surface 212 of the upper flange 21 is connected to a position close to S, when the ball hinge is pressed, no volume space exists at S or at the first inner side surface 212 when rubber is deformed, and the rubber near the fourth inclined straight section 34 is extruded and then is accumulated towards the inflection point S of the first inner side surface 212 and the upper end surface 23 of the spacer or towards the first inner side surface 212; in this embodiment, the fourth oblique straight section 34 is connected to the spacer upper end surface 23 and connected to the inflection point S on the spacer upper end surface 23 near the spacer upper end surface 23 and the first inner side surface 212, so when the ball hinge is pressed, the rubber near the fourth oblique straight section 34 gradually deforms near the first inner side surface 212, and the space between the fourth oblique straight section 34 and the first inner side surface 212 provides a deformation volume space for the rubber near the fourth oblique straight section 34, and at this time, the rubber is not accumulated at the inflection point S or toward the first inner side surface 212.
As shown in fig. 3, the slope of the first inclined straight section 31 is set to 30 to 60 °, i.e. the included angle B1 between the first inclined straight section 31 and the abscissa axis X1 is set to 30 to 60 °; as shown in FIG. 4, the slope of the fourth straight-angled section 34 is set to 120-150, i.e., the angle B2 between the fourth straight-angled section 34 and the abscissa axis X2 is set to 120-150.
If the slope of the first oblique straight section 31 is smaller than 30 °, when the ball hinge is pressed, the distance between the first oblique straight section 31 and the second inner side surface 221 is too small, which results in that the first oblique straight section 31 does not have enough volume space to be stacked and deformed when being pressed and deformed; if the slope of the first oblique straight section 31 is greater than 60 °, the first oblique straight section 31 will be close to the spacer lower end surface 24, i.e. the rubber thickness at the first oblique straight section 31 is small, which will affect the radial stiffness of the ball hinge.
If the slope of the fourth oblique straight section 34 is smaller than 120 °, when the spherical hinge is pressed, the distance between the fourth oblique straight section 34 and the first inner side surface 212 is too small, which results in that the fourth oblique straight section 34 does not have enough volume space to be stacked and deformed when being pressed and deformed; if the slope of the fourth inclined straight section 34 is greater than 150 °, the fourth inclined straight section 34 will be close to the upper end surface 23 of the spacer, i.e. the rubber thickness at the fourth inclined straight section 34 is small, which will affect the radial rigidity of the ball hinge.
The rigidity change size and the rigidity change position of the rubber bearing unit 5 formed by the rubber profile are realized by adjusting the slope or the length of the first inclined straight section 31, the second inclined straight section 32, the concave bottom surface 35, the third inclined straight section 33 or the fourth inclined straight section 34.
Wherein, by adjusting the distance between the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 and the upper flange 21 of the next spacer 2, the upper top surface 211 of the lower flange 22 of the previous spacer 2 contacts with the upper top surface 211 of the next spacer 2 before the wrinkle of the rubber bearing unit 5 formed by the rubber profile is broken, and forms a hard stop, so as to prevent the wrinkle of the rubber bearing unit 5 from being broken.
The above examples are only illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiments of the present invention as required without any inventive contribution thereto after reading the present specification, but all such modifications are intended to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A multilayer rod end spherical hinge comprises an outer sleeve (4), a mandrel (1) and a rubber layer (3) positioned between the outer sleeve (4) and the mandrel (1), wherein a spacer bush (2) is arranged in the rubber layer (3), the rubber layer (3) is divided into a multilayer structure by the spacer bush (2), it is characterized in that the whole body of the rubber profile between the adjacent spacer bushes (2) is concave to form a rubber bearing unit (5), the end parts of the spacer bushes (2) protrude towards the outer sleeve (4) to form an upper flange (21), the end parts of the spacer bushes (2) protrude towards the mandrel (1) to form a lower flange (22), the lower flange (22) of the upper spacer bush (2) in the adjacent spacer bushes (2), the upper flange (21) of the lower spacer bush (2) and the rubber bearing unit 5 jointly form a semi-closed structure, the semi-closed structure provides a deformation volume space of the rubber profile for the rubber bearing unit 5 when the rubber bearing unit is deformed under pressure; the lower flange (22) of the upper spacer bush (2) in the adjacent spacer bushes (2) and the upper flange (21) of the lower spacer bush (2) form hard stops when being pressed so as to reduce rubber stress, avoid rubber wrinkle fracture when bearing load and simultaneously avoid the rubber bearing unit 5 from being extruded out of the semi-closed structure when being pressed; the lower flange (22) of the upper spacer bush (2) in the adjacent spacer bush (2) and the upper flange (21) of the lower spacer bush (2) are arranged in a relative centering manner, and the width of the upper flange (21) of the lower spacer bush (2) in the adjacent spacer bush (2) is larger than that of the lower flange (22) in the upper spacer bush (2), so that the lower flange (22) of the upper spacer bush (2) in the adjacent spacer bush (2) and the upper flange (21) of the lower spacer bush (2) can be compacted at the upper end of the middle part of the upper flange (21) of the lower spacer bush (2) to form a hard stop when the lower flange (22) of the upper spacer bush (2) in the adjacent spacer bush (2) and the upper flange (21) of the lower spacer bush (2) are pressed; the rubber bearing unit 5 is of a multi-line section combined structure so as to realize nonlinear variable rigidity of rubber; the multi-line segment combined structure consists of a plurality of straight surface segments, and circular arc transition is performed between each straight surface segment; the straight surface section comprises an inclined straight surface section and a vertical surface section; the lower flange (22) comprises a second inner side surface (221) and a lower bottom surface (222), the second inner side surface (221) is the side surface of the lower flange (22) facing the spherical hinge, and the lower bottom surface (222) is the horizontal plane of the lower flange (22) far away from the upper flange (21); the spacer bush (2) comprises a spacer bush upper end surface (23) and a spacer bush lower end surface (24); the straight section connected with the lower flange (22) in the multi-line section combined structure is a first inclined straight section (31), the first inclined straight section (31) and the lower flange (22) are connected to the second inner side surface (221) and the lower portion of an inflection point D of the spacer sleeve lower end surface (24), and the first inclined straight section (31) inclines towards the inner side of the spherical hinge from the lower portion of the point D to the inclined lower portion.
2. The multilayer rod end spherical hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-segment composite structure comprises a concave bottom surface (35), wherein the concave bottom surface (35) is a concave bottom of the integrally concave rubber bearing unit 5; the multi-line section combined structure also comprises a second inclined straight section (32), a third inclined straight section (33) and a fourth inclined straight section (34); the second inclined straight section (32) and the first inclined straight section (31) are connected at one end of the first inclined straight section (31) far away from the second inner side surface (221), and the second inclined straight section (32) and the first inclined straight section (31) are in transition through a first circular arc (36); the upper end of the concave bottom surface (35) is connected with the second inclined straight surface section (32) at one end of the second inclined straight surface section (32) far away from the first inclined straight surface section (31), the concave bottom surface (35) and the second inclined straight surface section (32) are transited through a second circular arc (37), and the second inclined straight surface section (32) inclines towards the inner side of the spherical hinge and obliquely downwards; the lower end of the concave bottom surface (35) is connected with the third inclined straight surface section (33) at the upper end of the third inclined straight surface section (33), the concave bottom surface (35) and the third inclined straight surface section (33) are transited through a third circular arc (38), and the third inclined straight surface section (33) inclines towards the inner side of the spherical hinge towards the inclined upper direction; the lower end of the third inclined straight section (33) is connected with the fourth inclined straight section (34) at one end of the third inclined straight section (33) far away from the concave bottom surface (35), and the third inclined straight section (33) and the fourth inclined straight section (34) are transited through a fourth circular arc (39).
3. A multi-layer rod end ball hinge according to claim 2, wherein the upper flange (21) comprises an upper top surface (211) and a first inner side surface (212), the first inner side surface (212) being the side surface of the upper flange (21) facing the inner side of the ball hinge, the upper top surface (211) being the horizontal surface of the upper flange (21) facing away from the lower flange (22); the fourth inclined straight section (34) is connected with the upper end surface (23) of the spacer bush and is connected to the upper end surface (23) of the spacer bush at a position close to an inflection point S between the upper end surface (23) of the spacer bush and the first inner side surface (212).
4. A method of designing a multilayer rod end ball hinge according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the slope of the first slanted straight section (31) is set to 30 ° -60 °, i.e. the angle B1 between the first slanted straight section (31) and the abscissa axis X1 is set to 30 ° -60 °; the slope of the fourth straight-inclined section (34) is set to 120-150 DEG, i.e. the angle B2 between the fourth straight-inclined section (34) and the abscissa axis X2 is set to 120-150 deg.
5. A design method of a multilayer rod end spherical hinge according to claim 4, characterized in that the rigidity change size and the rigidity change position of the rubber bearing unit 5 formed by the rubber profile are realized by adjusting the slope or the length of the first inclined straight section (31), the second inclined straight section (32), the concave bottom surface (35), the third inclined straight section (33) or the fourth inclined straight section (34).
6. A design method of a multi-layer rod end spherical hinge according to claim 5, characterized in that the distance between the lower flange (22) of the upper spacer (2) and the upper flange (21) of the lower spacer (2) is adjusted to ensure that the upper top surface (211) of the lower flange (22) of the upper spacer (2) contacts with the upper top surface (211) of the lower spacer (2) before the wrinkles of the rubber bearing unit (5) formed by the rubber profile break and forms a hard stop to prevent the wrinkles of the rubber bearing unit from breaking.
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| CN103221239A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-07-24 | 机器多元化公司 | Knuckle and bushing assembly |
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| CN210859639U (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2020-06-26 | 北京航材百慕合力高分子材料有限公司 | Backstop rubber shock absorber for train bogie |
| DE102019218060A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Stop buffering device with progressively increasing spring characteristics |
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2021
- 2021-07-13 CN CN202110790211.XA patent/CN113389833B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103221239A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-07-24 | 机器多元化公司 | Knuckle and bushing assembly |
| CN103244589A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-08-14 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Method for controlling inflexion point position and upward trend of stopper stiffness and stopper |
| CN110030260A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-07-19 | 斯凯孚公司 | Combined elastic body and cylindrical slid bearing |
| CN210859639U (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2020-06-26 | 北京航材百慕合力高分子材料有限公司 | Backstop rubber shock absorber for train bogie |
| DE102019218060A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Stop buffering device with progressively increasing spring characteristics |
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