CN113389605A - System and design method for improving steam supply safety of low-pressure shaft seal of thermal power plant - Google Patents
System and design method for improving steam supply safety of low-pressure shaft seal of thermal power plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN113389605A CN113389605A CN202110814447.2A CN202110814447A CN113389605A CN 113389605 A CN113389605 A CN 113389605A CN 202110814447 A CN202110814447 A CN 202110814447A CN 113389605 A CN113389605 A CN 113389605A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
- F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
- F01D11/06—Control thereof
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- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a design method for improving the safety of low-pressure shaft seal steam supply of a thermal power plant, wherein an auxiliary steam pipeline and a reheating cold section steam pipeline are communicated with a shaft seal main pipe, a condensate water pipeline is communicated with an atomizing spray head through a temperature reduction water regulating valve, a shaft seal main pipe bushing is arranged at the atomizing spray head, shaft seal main pipe drainage devices are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the shaft seal main pipe bushing, a steam outlet is arranged on the shaft seal main pipe, the steam outlet is communicated with one end of a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe and one end of a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe through a low-pressure cylinder shaft seal steam inlet main pipe, and the other end of the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe and the other end of the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe are communicated with a low-pressure shaft seal in a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine; be provided with first low pressure bearing seal admission branch pipe temperature monitoring devices on the first low pressure bearing seal admission branch pipe, be provided with second low pressure bearing seal admission branch pipe temperature monitoring devices on the second low pressure bearing seal admission branch pipe, this system can realize the automatic stable control of low pressure bearing seal admission temperature, improves the security that low pressure bearing seal supplied vapour.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of safe operation of a steam turbine, and relates to a system and a design method for improving the steam supply safety of a low-pressure shaft seal of a thermal power plant.
Background
At present, shaft seals of large steam turbines are of self-sealing structures, and steam is supplied to a low-pressure cylinder shaft seal through steam leakage of high-pressure cylinder shaft seals and medium-pressure cylinder shaft seals and enters the low-pressure cylinder shaft seals after water is sprayed to reduce the temperature. In order to ensure the safety of the low-pressure shaft seal and the shaft seal, the temperature of the shaft seal entering the low-pressure cylinder is controlled to be 121-177 ℃ generally, and the pressure is about 0.13 MPa.
However, the steam inlet amount of the shaft seal of the low pressure cylinder is relatively small, taking a certain 350MW supercritical unit as an example, the rated steam inlet amount is 1.6t/h, the required temperature-reducing water amount is about 0.3t/h, the pipeline specification of the shaft seal main pipe is phi 219 x 9, and the steam flow rate at the shaft seal main pipe is lower by about 19 m/s. When water is sprayed to cool steam at the main pipe of the shaft seal, the steam flow rate is low, and the small-flow desuperheating water cannot be accurately controlled, so that the steam inlet temperature of the low-pressure cylinder is difficult to realize automatic control. Through investigation, the automatic control of the inlet steam temperature of the low-pressure shaft seal exceeds the limit, which is a common problem in the current thermal power plant. Some power plants even need to manually control the steam inlet temperature of the low-pressure shaft seal, so that the workload of operators is greatly increased. If the steam inlet temperature of the low-pressure shaft seal is controlled to be too high, the steam seals at the front end and the rear end of the low-pressure cylinder can be seriously overtemperature, so that the gap of the shaft seal is enlarged, the steam leakage quantity of the shaft seal is increased, the steam supply of a lubricating oil system generates condensed water, and the condensed water flows into a lubricating oil return system to cause the quality of lubricating oil to be unqualified. If the low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet temperature is controlled to be too low, the shaft seal steam inlet is carried with water, and the phase change can seriously threaten the safety of the safe operation of the shaft seal and the unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a system and a design method for improving the steam supply safety of a low-pressure shaft seal of a thermal power plant.
In order to achieve the purpose, the system for improving the steam supply safety of the low-pressure shaft seal of the thermal power plant comprises an auxiliary steam pipeline, a reheating cold section steam pipeline, a condensed water pipeline, a temperature-reducing water regulating valve, a shaft seal main pipe, an atomizing spray head, a low-pressure cylinder shaft seal steam inlet main pipe, a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe and a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe;
the auxiliary steam pipeline and the reheating cold section steam pipeline are communicated with a shaft seal main pipe, a condensate pipeline is communicated with an atomizing spray head through a temperature reduction water regulating valve, a steam outlet is arranged on the shaft seal main pipe, the steam outlet is communicated with one end of a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe and one end of a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe through a low-pressure cylinder shaft seal steam inlet main pipe, and the other end of the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe and the other end of the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe are communicated with a low-pressure shaft seal in a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine;
the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe is provided with a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device, the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe is provided with a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device, and the controller is connected with the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device, the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device and the temperature-reducing water regulating valve.
A lining is arranged in the shaft seal main pipe, wherein the atomizing nozzle is positioned in the lining.
The condensed water pipeline is communicated with the atomizing spray head through a temperature-reducing water manual valve and a temperature-reducing water regulating valve.
The first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device and the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device are both thermocouples.
The device also comprises a first shaft seal mother pipe drainage device and a second shaft seal mother pipe drainage device;
the first shaft seal mother pipe drainage device and the second shaft seal mother pipe drainage device are communicated with the shaft seal mother pipe, and the bushing is located between the first shaft seal mother pipe drainage device and the second shaft seal mother pipe drainage device.
And pressure measuring points are arranged on the shaft seal main pipe, wherein the pressure measuring points, the bushing and the steam leading-out port are sequentially distributed along the steam flowing direction.
A design method of a system for improving steam supply safety of a low-pressure shaft seal of a thermal power plant comprises the following steps:
inner diameter D of the bush2Comprises the following steps:
wherein G is the designed flow entering the low-pressure shaft seal, upsilon is the medium specific volume, and omegamaxIs the medium flow rate.
Distance H between atomizing nozzle and outlet of bushing1Satisfying the condition represented by formula (4):
H1≥ωmaxt (4)
wherein, ω ismaxFor the maximum flow rate of steam in the liner, t is the time required for the water droplets to fully atomize.
Distance H between atomizing nozzle and steam outlet2Satisfying the condition represented by formula (5):
H2≥0.3ωmax (5)
wherein, ω ismaxIs the maximum flow rate of steam in the liner。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the system and the design method for improving the steam supply safety of the low-pressure shaft seal of the thermal power plant are specifically operated, the controller controls the temperature-reducing water regulating valve according to the temperatures measured by the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device and the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device so as to control the amount of the temperature-reducing water entering the shaft seal main pipe, further control the temperature of the low-temperature shaft seal steam entering the low-temperature shaft seal, realize the automatic stable control of the steam inlet temperature of the low-pressure shaft seal and improve the steam supply safety of the low-pressure shaft seal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow characteristic graph of the desuperheating water flow regulating valve;
wherein, 1 is a temperature-reducing water manual valve, 2 is a temperature-reducing water regulating valve, 3 is a shaft seal main pipe, 4 is an atomizing spray head, 5 is a bushing, 6 is a steam outlet, 7 is a first shaft seal main pipe drainage device, 8 is a second shaft seal main pipe drainage device, 9 is a low-pressure cylinder shaft seal steam inlet main pipe, 10 is a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device, 11 is a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device, 12 is a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, 13 is a pressure measuring point, 14 is a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe, and 15 is a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
There is shown in the drawings a schematic block diagram of a disclosed embodiment in accordance with the invention. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for improving the safety of low-pressure shaft seal steam supply of a thermal power plant according to the present invention includes a temperature-reducing water manual valve 1, a temperature-reducing water regulating valve 2, a shaft seal main pipe 3, an atomizing nozzle 4, a bushing 5, a first shaft seal main pipe water draining device 7, a second shaft seal main pipe water draining device 8, a low-pressure cylinder shaft seal steam inlet main pipe 9, a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 10, a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 11, a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 12, a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe 14, and a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe 15;
be provided with bush 5 in the female pipe of bearing seal 3, wherein, atomizer 4 is located in bush 5, supplementary steam conduit and reheat cold section steam conduit are linked together with the female pipe of bearing seal 3, and condensate pipe is linked together with atomizer 4 through manual valve 1 of desuperheating water and desuperheating water governing valve 2, is provided with steam on the female pipe of bearing seal 3 and draws forth mouth 6, steam draws forth mouth 6 and is linked together through the female pipe of low pressure cylinder shaft seal admission 9 with the one end of first low pressure bearing seal admission branch pipe 14 and the one end of second low pressure bearing seal admission branch pipe 15, and the other end of first low pressure bearing seal admission branch pipe 14 and the other end of second low pressure bearing seal admission branch pipe 15 are linked together with the low pressure bearing seal in the low pressure jar 12 of steam turbine.
The first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe 14 is provided with a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 10, the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe 15 is provided with a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 11, and the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 10 and the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 11 are both thermocouples and are locked with the temperature-reducing water regulating valve 2.
The first shaft seal mother pipe drainage device 7 and the second shaft seal mother pipe drainage device 8 are communicated with the shaft seal mother pipe 3, the bushing 5 is located between the first shaft seal mother pipe drainage device 7 and the second shaft seal mother pipe drainage device 8, and an outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 12 is communicated with the second shaft seal mother pipe drainage device 8.
The shaft seal main pipe 3 is provided with pressure measuring points 13, wherein the pressure measuring points 13, the lining 5 and the steam outlet 6 are sequentially distributed along the steam flowing direction.
When the steam turbine works, the temperature-reducing water for supplying steam to the low-pressure shaft seal is led out from a condensate water pipeline, atomized by the atomizing spray head 4 after passing through the temperature-reducing water hand valve 1 and the temperature-reducing water regulating valve 2, the atomized temperature-reducing water is mixed with steam in the shaft seal main pipe 3 to cool the steam in the shaft seal main pipe 3, and the cooled steam is led out through the steam outlet 6 to enter the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe 14 and the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe 15 and then enters the low-pressure shaft seal in the low-pressure steam turbine cylinder 12 to realize the steam supply of the low-pressure shaft seal.
The invention relates to a design method of a system for improving the steam supply safety of a low-pressure shaft seal of a thermal power plant, which comprises the following steps:
the designed inner diameter of the shaft seal main pipe 3 is 200mm, the rated steam inlet quantity of the low-pressure shaft seal in the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 12 is 1.5t/h, the pressure of the shaft seal main pipe 3 is 0.13MPa, the steam inlet temperature of the low-pressure shaft seal is 121-177 ℃, the pressure fluctuation range of the desuperheating water is 1.2-3.5MPa, and the temperature fluctuation range of the desuperheating water is 25-45 ℃.
The flow rate characteristic of the attemperation water valve 2 needs to be close to a linear characteristic, and the flow rate characteristic is as shown in fig. 2. The flow of the desuperheating water is calculated according to the mass conservation equation (1) and the energy conservation equation (2), the design rated flow of the desuperheating water regulating valve 2 is 0.5t/h, and the linear regulation can be realized within the range of 0.2t/h-0.8 t/h.
mjq＝mjws+mzq (1)
mjqHjq＝mjwsHjws+mzqHzq (2)
Inner diameter D of the bush 52Calculated according to formula (3), wherein G is the entering low pressureDesign flow of shaft seal, upsilon is medium specific volume, omegamaxThe medium flow rate is larger than 25m/s under the design working condition, and the inner diameter is 160 mm.
Distance H between the atomizer 4 and the outlet of the bushing 51Satisfies the condition represented by the formula (4) < omega >maxThe distance between the atomizer 4 and the inlet of the liner 5 is greater than or equal to 5D, wherein the maximum flow rate of steam in the liner 5 is represented by t, the time required for completely atomizing water drops is represented by t2。
H1≥ωmaxt (4)
The steam outlet 6 is positioned at the top of the shaft seal main pipe 3, and the distance H between the atomizing nozzle 4 and the steam outlet 62Satisfying the condition of the formula (5), when the maximum flow velocity of the steam outlet 6 is 25m/s, H is2Is 7.5 m.
H2≥0.3ωmax (5)
The atomizer 4 is a spring nozzle, the atomizer 4 extends into the shaft seal main pipe 3 to the axis position, and the spraying direction of the atomizer 4 is consistent with the steam flowing direction.
The first shaft seal mother pipe drainage device 7 comprises a manual door, an automatic steam trap and a manual door which are communicated in sequence and used for discharging drainage in time during normal operation; the first shaft seal main pipe drainage device 7 comprises a drainage manual valve and a drainage pneumatic valve which are communicated in sequence and is used for draining water in the starting and stopping processes of the unit.
The distance between the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 10 and the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 11 and the steam outlet 6 is 2 m.
The control object of the temperature-reducing water regulating valve 2 is the average value of the results measured by the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 10 and the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device 11.
Claims (7)
1. A system for improving the safety of low-pressure shaft seal steam supply of a thermal power plant is characterized by comprising an auxiliary steam pipeline, a reheating and cooling section steam pipeline, a condensed water pipeline, a temperature-reducing water regulating valve (2), a shaft seal main pipe (3), an atomizing spray head (4), a low-pressure cylinder shaft seal steam inlet main pipe (9), a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (12), a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe (14) and a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe (15);
the auxiliary steam pipeline and the reheating cold section steam pipeline are communicated with a shaft seal main pipe (3), a condensate pipeline is communicated with an atomizing spray head (4) through a desuperheating water regulating valve (2), a steam outlet (6) is arranged on the shaft seal main pipe (3), the steam outlet (6) is communicated with one end of a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe (14) and one end of a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe (15) through a low-pressure cylinder shaft seal steam inlet main pipe (9), and the other end of the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe (14) and the other end of the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe (15) are communicated with a low-pressure shaft seal in a low-pressure cylinder (12) of the steam turbine;
a first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device (10) is arranged on the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe (14), a second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device (11) is arranged on the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe (15), and the controller is connected with the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device (10), the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device (11) and the temperature reduction water regulating valve (2).
2. The system for improving the safety of low-pressure shaft seal steam supply of a thermal power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a bushing (5) is arranged in the shaft seal main pipe (3), wherein the atomizer nozzle (4) is positioned in the bushing (5).
3. The system for improving the safety of steam supply to the low-pressure shaft seal of the thermal power plant according to claim 1, wherein the condensed water pipeline is communicated with the atomizing nozzle (4) through the temperature-reducing water manual valve (1) and the temperature-reducing water regulating valve (2).
4. The system for improving the safety of steam supply to the low-pressure shaft seal of the thermal power plant according to claim 1, wherein the first low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device (10) and the second low-pressure shaft seal steam inlet branch pipe temperature monitoring device (11) are both thermocouples.
5. The system for improving the safety of steam supply to the low-pressure shaft seal of the thermal power plant according to claim 1, further comprising a first shaft seal mother pipe drainage device (7) and a second shaft seal mother pipe drainage device (8);
the first shaft seal mother pipe drainage device (7) and the second shaft seal mother pipe drainage device (8) are communicated with the shaft seal mother pipe (3), and the bushing (5) is located between the first shaft seal mother pipe drainage device (7) and the second shaft seal mother pipe drainage device (8).
6. The system for improving the safety of the steam supply of the low-pressure shaft seal of the thermal power plant according to claim 5, wherein the shaft seal main pipe (3) is provided with a pressure measuring point (13), and the pressure measuring point (13), the bushing (5) and the steam outlet (6) are sequentially distributed along the flow direction of the steam.
7. A method for designing a system for improving steam supply safety of a low-pressure shaft seal of a thermal power plant according to claim 6, comprising:
inner diameter D of the bush (5)2Comprises the following steps:
wherein G is the designed flow entering the low-pressure shaft seal, upsilon is the medium specific volume, and omegamaxIs the medium flow rate;
the distance H between the atomizing nozzle (4) and the outlet of the bushing (5)1Satisfying the condition represented by formula (4):
H1≥ωmaxt (4)
wherein, ω ismaxIs the maximum flow rate of the steam in the liner (5), and t is the time required for complete atomization of the water droplets;
the distance H between the atomizing nozzle (4) and the steam outlet (6)2Satisfies the formula (5) The conditions shown are:
H2≥0.3ωmax (5)
wherein, ω ismaxIs the maximum flow rate of steam in the liner (5).
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114112411A (en) * | 2021-10-30 | 2022-03-01 | 国家能源集团华北电力有限公司廊坊热电厂 | Steam turbine shaft seal system state monitoring system and method |
| CN114382556A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-22 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Steam supply structure of steam turbine shaft seal system and adjusting method |
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| CN114112411B (en) * | 2021-10-30 | 2023-09-08 | 国家能源集团华北电力有限公司廊坊热电厂 | Steam turbine shaft seal system state monitoring system and method |
| CN114382556A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-22 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Steam supply structure of steam turbine shaft seal system and adjusting method |
| CN114382556B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-08-18 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Steam supply structure of steam turbine shaft seal system and adjusting method |
| CN114934817A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-23 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Shaft seal steam supply system of medium-low pressure cylinder type steam turbine and operation method |
| CN114934817B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-17 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Shaft seal steam supply system of middle-low pressure cylinder type steam turbine and operation method |
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| CN113389605B (en) | 2023-05-30 |
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