CN113389162A - Comprehensive treatment method for debris flow - Google Patents
Comprehensive treatment method for debris flow Download PDFInfo
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- CN113389162A CN113389162A CN202110609974.XA CN202110609974A CN113389162A CN 113389162 A CN113389162 A CN 113389162A CN 202110609974 A CN202110609974 A CN 202110609974A CN 113389162 A CN113389162 A CN 113389162A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a comprehensive treatment method of debris flow, according to the spatial distribution of the debris flow, the debris flow is divided into a material source area, a circulation area and a stacking area along a downstream direction in sequence, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out active protection on dangerous rocks in the matter source area; blocking and energy dissipation are carried out on the debris flow fluid in the circulation area; and blocking, draining and guiding the debris flow in the accumulation area. By adopting the comprehensive treatment method provided by the embodiment of the application, the protection effect of the debris flow can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geological disaster treatment, in particular to a comprehensive treatment method for debris flow.
Background
The debris flow is a special flood flow which is caused by rainstorm, snowstorm or other natural disasters, carries a large amount of silt and stones, has strong disaster destructiveness, large disaster control difficulty and wide influence range, and is often dangerous in terrain, complex in geological conditions and frequent in secondary disasters in disaster occurrence areas.
The existing debris flow is mostly treated by engineering measures and biological measures such as diversion channels, interception dams and the like, but the treatment effect is relatively poor, and even the integral protection failure can be caused by the integral damage of the blocking structure or the siltation of a silt stopping field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the main objective of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a comprehensive treatment method for debris flow, which can improve the protection effect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:
the embodiment of the application provides a comprehensive treatment method of debris flow, according to the spatial distribution of debris flow, debris flow divides into thing source area, circulation district and pile up the district along the following flow in proper order, its characterized in that includes following step:
carrying out active protection on dangerous rocks in the matter source area;
blocking and energy dissipation are carried out on the debris flow fluid in the circulation area;
and blocking, draining and guiding the debris flow in the accumulation area.
In one embodiment, the active protection of the dangerous rock in the residential area comprises: and carrying out crushing removal or reinforcement treatment on the dangerous rock.
In one embodiment, the reinforcing treatment of the dangerous rock comprises: carrying out propping protection on the dangerous rock; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
carrying out anchoring protection on the dangerous rock; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and carrying out protection net protection on the dangerous rock.
In one embodiment, the active protection of the dangerous rock in the source area further comprises: and monitoring the deformation of the dangerous rock.
In one embodiment, the active protection of the dangerous rock in the residential area comprises: and stacking rubbles at the slope toe of the trench of the source region.
In one embodiment, the energy dissipation for retaining debris flow fluid in the flow-through area comprises: and arranging a gabion retaining wall in the circulation area.
In one embodiment, the energy dissipation for retaining debris flow fluid in the flow-through area comprises: and arranging multistage steel cable grid dams with mesh sizes sequentially reduced along the downstream direction in the circulation area.
In one embodiment, the energy dissipation for retaining debris flow fluid in the flow-through area comprises: and arranging a stone blocking pile forest formed by a plurality of stone blocking piles in a staggered arrangement in the circulation area.
In one embodiment, the energy dissipation for retaining debris flow fluid in the flow-through area comprises: and arranging at least one stage of grid dam in the circulation area.
In one embodiment, a method of baffling debris flow from a dump area includes: and arranging an open type stone blocking wall in the accumulation area.
In one embodiment, the method of providing an open rock wall in the accumulation zone comprises: and burying the wall body part of the open type stone blocking wall into a stable stratum, and arranging a water passing notch at the top of the wall body of the open type stone blocking wall.
In one embodiment, a method of baffling debris flow from a dump area includes: and arranging a guide channel in the accumulation area.
In one embodiment, a protective target zone is disposed downstream after the dump zone, and the integrated remediation method further comprises: and protecting the buildings of the protection target area.
In one embodiment, protecting the building protecting the target area comprises: and arranging a retaining wall for protecting the building in the protection target area, or arranging a bank protection embankment slope for protecting the building in the protection target area.
In one embodiment, protecting the building protecting the target area comprises: and arranging a flow guide structure for protecting a linear building through which debris flows in the protection target area.
In one embodiment, the arranging, in the protection target area, a flow guiding structure for protecting a linear building through which debris flows is specifically: and constructing an aqueduct at the upper part of the linear building through which the debris flow flows, or arranging a diversion culvert at the lower part of the linear building through which the debris flow flows.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and arranging a monitoring early warning device in the protection target area.
In one embodiment, the setting of the monitoring and early warning device in the protection target area specifically includes: and arranging a rain gauge at the upstream of the building of the protection target area, and/or arranging an infrared alarm device at the upstream of the building of the protection target area.
The embodiment of the application provides a comprehensive treatment method of a debris flow, which is characterized in that the debris flow is sequentially divided into a material source area, a circulation area and an accumulation area along a downstream direction according to the spatial distribution of the debris flow, and dangerous rocks in the material source area are actively protected; blocking and energy dissipation are carried out on debris flow fluid in the flowing area; and (4) blocking, draining and guiding debris flow in the accumulation area. That is to say, this application is according to the spatial distribution of mud-rock flow, divides different treatment area, takes different safeguard procedures, and multistage prevention and cure measure can intercept the mud-rock flow many times, reduces the velocity of flow of mud-rock flow, plays the effect of comprehensive subregion prevention and cure, can effectively improve the ability of protection mud-rock flow. Meanwhile, the reliability of the treatment method is greatly improved by combining measures in different areas, the safety of buildings in a protection target area can be effectively guaranteed, the pressure of the protection measures in each area can be shared, the loss of debris flow to the protection measures is reduced, and the protection effect of the engineering is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a comprehensive treatment method for debris flow according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the present application illustrating the integrated remediation of a debris flow;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the integrated remediation of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view of the gabion retaining wall shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a view of the wire rope grid dam illustrated in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the open retaining wall shown in FIG. 2;
fig. 7 is a view of the structure of the grid dam shown in fig. 2.
The reference numbers illustrate the gabion retaining wall 1; a low carbon steel mesh sheet 11; a net cage 12; a steel cable grid dam 2; an anchor cable 21; a transverse cable 22; a sling 23; a stone blocking pile forest 3; a grid dam 4; an open type stone blocking wall 5; a wall 51; a water passing notch 52; a drainage channel 6; a monitoring and early warning device 7; an infrared alarm device 71; a rain gauge 72; a linear building 8; a flow guiding structure 9; an aqueduct 91; a diversion culvert 92.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, technical features in examples and embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the detailed description in the specific embodiment should be understood as an explanation of the gist of the present application and should not be construed as an improper limitation to the present application.
In this application, the "forward flow" orientation or position relationship is based on the illustration of FIG. 2. It is to be understood that such directional terms are merely for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the present application.
The embodiment of the present application provides a comprehensive treatment method for a debris flow, please refer to fig. 1, wherein the debris flow is sequentially divided into a material source area, a circulation area and a stacking area along a downstream direction according to the spatial distribution of the debris flow, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: carrying out active protection on dangerous rocks in the material source area;
step S2: blocking and energy dissipation are carried out on debris flow fluid in the flowing area;
step S3: and (4) blocking, draining and guiding debris flow in the accumulation area.
Wherein, the step S1 to the step S3 have no sequence.
The mud-rock flow of this application embodiment includes: the comprehensive treatment method can be used for treating any one of the mud-rock flows, and is particularly suitable for treating disasters of the water-rock flow type mud-rock flows.
Specifically, according to the spatial distribution of the debris flow, the debris flow is sequentially divided into a material source area, a circulation area and a stacking area along a downstream direction, and the comprehensive treatment method disclosed by the embodiment of the application is used for respectively carrying out targeted system treatment and reinforcement on different areas according to the cause mechanism, migration characteristics, material distribution rules and hazard ranges of the debris flow, can play a role in comprehensive partitioned prevention and treatment by carrying out partitioned interception and key protection on the debris flow, and effectively improves the capability of protecting the debris flow. Meanwhile, the reliability of the treatment method is greatly improved by combining measures in different areas, different protection measures are adopted for different treatment areas, the pressure of the protection measures in each area can be shared, the loss of debris flow to the protection measures is reduced, and the protection effect of the project is improved.
In addition, in the related art, in addition to a single remediation method, it is becoming common knowledge of people to adopt a combination of engineering measures and biological measures to treat debris flow disasters. In the treatment method in the related technology, pile-forest dams are generally arranged at the upstream and the midstream of a circulation area, and bioengineering filter belts such as arbor belts, shrub belts, herb belts and the like are arranged at the downstream and the accumulation area of the circulation area, so that the effect of treating debris flow by combining filtration can be achieved. However, the treatment method still faces a great challenge when facing large debris flow disasters.
In the comprehensive treatment method, active protection measures are taken for dangerous rocks in a residential area, blocking and energy dissipation measures are taken for debris flow fluid in a circulation area, and blocking and drainage measures are taken for debris flow fluid in an accumulation area.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the active protection of dangerous rock in an origin area includes: and (4) carrying out crushing removal or reinforcement treatment on dangerous rock. That is to say, to the dangerous rock dangerous stone that easily clears away in the thing source area, for example, the dangerous rock dangerous stone that the volume is less carries out broken clearance processing, takes reinforcement processing to the dangerous rock dangerous stone that the volume is great and be in dangerous state, can reduce big block diameter, high potential energy material in the mud-rock flow, alleviates follow-up treatment method pressure.
In an embodiment, the dangerous rock is reinforced, and the supporting protection, the anchoring protection or the protective net protection can be performed on the dangerous rock, so that the stability of the rock is improved.
In one embodiment, the active protection is carried out to dangerous rock danger stone in thing source area, includes: and carrying out deformation monitoring on dangerous rocks.
Specifically, the deformation monitoring can be performed on the dangerous rock in the basic stable state with a wide distribution range of the material source area, so as to control the dynamic change of the dangerous rock.
In one embodiment, the active protection is carried out to dangerous rock danger stone in thing source area, includes: and stacking rubbles on the slope foot of the trench slope in the source region, and reinforcing the slope foot of the trench slope through the rubbles so as to prevent the trench slope from being further washed away and enhance the stability of the trench slope.
The stacking position of the rubbles on the slope foot of the trench slope can be adjusted according to needs, and in one embodiment, the rubbles can be stacked at the position where the trench slope in the material source area is strongly scoured.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 4, the energy dissipation of debris flow in a flowing area includes: and a gabion retaining wall 1 is arranged in the circulation area.
The gabion retaining wall 1 can be arranged in various ways, for example, in one embodiment, please refer to fig. 2 and fig. 4, a rectangular net cage 12 can be formed by splicing steel reinforcement frameworks, a low-carbon steel mesh sheet 11 is used for wrapping the surface of the rectangular net cage 12, the rectangular net cage 12 is filled with dangerous rocks which are broken and removed, and the gabion retaining wall 1 is built by a plurality of rectangular net cages 12.
The arrangement position of the gabion retaining wall 1 in the flow-through area can be adjusted as required, for example, in an embodiment, please refer to fig. 2 and 4, the gabion retaining wall 1 can be arranged at the positions where the flow-through area is strongly washed and the valley bend, so as to perform anti-scouring protection on bank slopes on two sides of the valley bend.
The velocity of the debris flow fluid is reduced by the damming of the gabion retaining wall 1.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 5, the energy dissipation of debris flow in the flowing area includes: in the flow-through area, a multi-stage steel cable mesh dam 2 is arranged, the mesh size of which is reduced in sequence along the downstream direction.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 5, the steel cable grid dam 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly comprises three parts, i.e., anchor cables 21, a cross cable 22 and suspension cables 23, wherein a plurality of steel strands can be woven into the cross cable 22, the cross cable 22 and the suspension cables 23 are woven into the steel cable grid dam 2 according to different mesh sizes, and the steel cable grid dam 2 is fixed in a valley through the anchor cables 21.
The arrangement position of the multi-stage steel cable mesh dam 2 in the flow-through area can be adjusted according to the needs, for example, in an embodiment, referring to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 5, the multi-stage steel cable mesh dam 2 can be arranged in the gentle section of the flow-through area.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the energy dissipation of debris flow in the flowing area includes: and a stone blocking pile forest 3 formed by a plurality of stone blocking piles in staggered arrangement is arranged in the circulation area.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the stone blocking pile may be a steel column, a steel rail pile, a wood pile or a concrete pile, the stone blocking pile may be embedded into a borehole having a depth of not less than 6m below a ground line, and sealed with cement mortar, and an exposed portion of the ground surface of the stone blocking pile may be 2 m.
The arrangement position of the stone blocking pile forest 3 in the flow-through area can be adjusted according to the needs, for example, in an embodiment, please refer to fig. 2 and 3, the stone blocking pile forest 3 can be arranged in a steep slope section of the flow-through area.
The stone blocking pile forest 3 can increase the interception probability of large-block-diameter substances in the debris flow, improve the interception effect, and simultaneously can slow down the fluid speed of the debris flow and precipitate partial fine particle substances in the debris flow.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 7, the energy dissipation of debris flow in the flowing area includes: at least one primary grid dam 4 is arranged in the flow-through area.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 7, the grid dam 4 may be formed by splicing reinforced concrete columns, steel rails, bamboo chips, etc. according to the size of the grid, the bottom of the grid dam 4 is fixed in the valley, and both sides of the grid dam 4 are fixed on the rock walls of the corresponding both sides of the valley.
The grid dam 4 can intercept and dissipate energy of debris flow.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 6, the method for blocking and discharging debris flow in a heap includes: an open type stone blocking wall 5 is arranged in the accumulation area.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 6, the wall 51 of the open type stone blocking wall 5 is partially buried in a stable ground, the base of the open type stone blocking wall 5 can be buried in strongly weathered bedrock at a stacking area by not less than 50cm, the slope rate of the inner side of the wall 51 of the open type stone blocking wall 5 can be set to 1:0.3, the slope rate of the outer side of the wall 51 of the open type stone blocking wall 5 can be set to 1:0.5, the base of the open type stone blocking wall 5 can be obliquely arranged at the slope rate of 1:0.1, and the base is cast in situ, so that the impact resistance of the wall 51 can be improved. The top of the wall body 51 of the open type stone blocking wall 5 is provided with a water passing notch 52, so that fine particles such as water flow, silt, sticky particles and the like can pass through the notch, and large-block-diameter substances which are not intercepted at the upstream can be intercepted and captured.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the method for blocking and discharging debris flow in a heap includes: a drainage channel 6 is arranged in the accumulation area.
Specifically, the discharge and guide channel 6 can be cast in situ by gabion, mortar rubble, concrete masonry and the like, and the discharge and guide channel 6 can guide silt and sticky particles in a debris flow to prevent the silt and sticky particles from being blocked in a stacking area.
In one embodiment, a protection target area can be further arranged at the downstream of the accumulation area, and the comprehensive treatment method further comprises the following steps: and protecting the buildings protecting the target area.
In one embodiment, protecting a building that protects a target area comprises: and arranging a retaining wall for protecting the building in the protection target area, or arranging a bank protection embankment slope for protecting the building in the protection target area.
Specifically, the building of the protection target area may be a point-shaped building or a linear building 8, the point-shaped building of the protection target area refers to a building with a point-shaped or block-shaped plane projection, such as a house, an iron tower, a telegraph pole, and the like, and the linear building 8 of the protection target area refers to a building with a line-shaped or strip-shaped plane projection, such as a railway, a highway, a pipe network, and the like. The retaining wall or the bank protection embankment can avoid the punctiform buildings and the linear buildings 8 along the debris flow, thereby improving the safety.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the protection of the building protecting the target area includes: and arranging a flow guide structure 9 for protecting a linear building 8 through which debris flows in a protection target area.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the diversion structure 9 for protecting the linear building 8 through which debris flows is disposed in the protection target area, specifically: the aqueduct 91 is built on the upper part of the linear building 8 through which the debris flow flows, or the diversion culvert 92 is arranged on the lower part of the linear building 8 through which the debris flow flows, so that the debris flow can safely pass through the linear building.
It will be appreciated that the construction of the aqueducts 91 or the installation of the diversion culvert 92 will need to be determined according to the relative position of the linear building 8 and the debris flow and the topography of the terrain in which it is located.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, a monitoring and early warning device 7 is disposed in the protection target area.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, a monitoring and early warning device 7 is disposed in the protection target area, and specifically includes: a rain gauge 72 is provided upstream of said building in the protected target area and/or an infrared warning device 71 is provided upstream of said building in the protected target area.
It should be noted that, the rain gauge 72 is arranged in the protection target area, so that the rainfall under the condition of rainstorm can be monitored, and when the rainstorm reaches a certain value, the rain gauge 72 can give an early warning to remind people to enhance the inspection and maintenance of the protection measures. The infrared alarm device 71 is arranged in the protection target area, and the infrared alarm device 71 can automatically alarm when special conditions such as debris flow burst occur, and manual intervention can be performed in time, so that disaster loss is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (18)
1. The comprehensive treatment method of the debris flow is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
carrying out active protection on dangerous rocks in the matter source area;
blocking and energy dissipation are carried out on the debris flow fluid in the circulation area;
and blocking, draining and guiding the debris flow in the accumulation area.
2. The integrated treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the active protection of the dangerous rock in the residential area comprises: and carrying out crushing removal or reinforcement treatment on the dangerous rock.
3. The comprehensive treatment method according to claim 2, wherein the reinforcing treatment of the dangerous rock comprises: carrying out propping protection on the dangerous rock; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
carrying out anchoring protection on the dangerous rock; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and carrying out protection net protection on the dangerous rock.
4. The integrated abatement method of claim 1, wherein the active protection of the dangerous rock of the source area further comprises: and monitoring the deformation of the dangerous rock.
5. The integrated treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the active protection of the dangerous rock in the residential area comprises: and stacking rubbles at the slope toe of the trench of the source region.
6. The integrated remediation method of claim 1 wherein the energy dissipation of debris flow from the flow-through zone comprises: and arranging a gabion retaining wall in the circulation area.
7. The integrated remediation method of claim 1 wherein the energy dissipation of debris flow from the flow-through zone comprises: and arranging multistage steel cable grid dams with mesh sizes sequentially reduced along the downstream direction in the circulation area.
8. The integrated remediation method of claim 1 wherein the energy dissipation of debris flow from the flow-through zone comprises: and arranging a stone blocking pile forest formed by a plurality of stone blocking piles in a staggered arrangement in the circulation area.
9. The integrated remediation method of claim 1 wherein the energy dissipation of debris flow from the flow-through zone comprises: and arranging at least one stage of grid dam in the circulation area.
10. The integrated remediation method of claim 9 wherein the damming and diverting of debris flow from the dump area comprises: and arranging an open type stone blocking wall in the accumulation area.
11. The integrated remediation method of claim 10 wherein the disposing of an open rock wall in the dump zone comprises: and burying the wall body part of the open type stone blocking wall into a stable stratum, and arranging a water passing notch at the top of the wall body of the open type stone blocking wall.
12. The integrated remediation method of claim 1 wherein the damming and diverting of debris flow from the dump area comprises: and arranging a guide channel in the accumulation area.
13. The integrated remediation method of claim 1 further comprising providing a protected target zone downstream of said dump zone, wherein said integrated remediation method further comprises: and protecting the buildings of the protection target area.
14. The integrated remediation method of claim 13 wherein protecting the building of the protected target area comprises: and arranging a retaining wall for protecting the building in the protection target area, or arranging a bank protection embankment slope for protecting the building in the protection target area.
15. The integrated remediation method of claim 13 wherein protecting the building of the protected target area comprises: and arranging a flow guide structure for protecting a linear building through which debris flows in the protection target area.
16. The comprehensive treatment method according to claim 15, wherein the diversion structure for protecting the linear building through which the debris flow flows is arranged in the protection target area, and specifically comprises: and constructing an aqueduct at the upper part of the linear building through which the debris flow flows, or arranging a diversion culvert at the lower part of the linear building through which the debris flow flows.
17. The integrated remediation method of claim 13 further comprising: and arranging a monitoring early warning device in the protection target area.
18. The comprehensive treatment method according to claim 17, wherein the monitoring and early warning device is arranged in the protection target area, and specifically comprises: disposing a rain gauge upstream of the building in the protected target area; and/or, arranging an infrared alarm device at the upstream of the building of the protection target area.
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| CN202110609974.XA CN113389162A (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2021-06-01 | Comprehensive treatment method for debris flow |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115450234A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2022-12-09 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Blocking protection structure suitable for high-energy impact and construction method thereof |
| CN115559234A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-01-03 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Novel flexible protection system for preventing rock rolling impact and dangerous rock collapse |
| US11982060B1 (en) | 2022-11-10 | 2024-05-14 | Railway Construction Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Science Group Co., Ltd. | Barrier structure for bearing high-energy impact and construction method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN201962615U (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-09-07 | 中铁西北科学研究院有限公司 | Reinforcing net capable of actively preventing debris flow |
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| US11982060B1 (en) | 2022-11-10 | 2024-05-14 | Railway Construction Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Science Group Co., Ltd. | Barrier structure for bearing high-energy impact and construction method thereof |
| CN115559234A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-01-03 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Novel flexible protection system for preventing rock rolling impact and dangerous rock collapse |
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