CN113388515A - System for exosome production and preparation and exosome preparation method thereof - Google Patents
System for exosome production and preparation and exosome preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system for exosome production and preparation and a method for exosome preparation, and particularly relates to the field of biological medicine. The method comprises two parts of cell culture and exosome extraction. The system includes a first storage tank, a second storage tank, a hollow fiber cell culture device, a tangential flow filtration device, a first peristaltic pump, and a second peristaltic pump. Can be applied to the industrial large-scale production and preparation of exosomes. The system provided by the invention utilizes a large number of hollow fiber tubes in the hollow fiber device, the cell culture area is increased, the culture medium conveyed by the hollow fiber tubes can promote cells to secrete a large number of exosomes, the produced exosome solution is purified by the tangential flow filtration device, and the high-purity high-concentration exosome solution is simple to operate, high in recovery rate and free of intermediate pollution. The system of the invention can realize the integrated preparation process from cell culture to exosome production, and is very suitable for the industrial large-scale production and preparation of clinical exosomes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomedicine, in particular to a system for preparing exosomes and a method for preparing exosomes by using the same.
Background
Exosomes are vesicles with phospholipid bilayer structure secreted by living cells, have a diameter of 30-150nm and a density of 1.13-1.19g/ml, and can be present in various body fluids, such as serum, plasma, saliva, urine, ascites, spinal fluid, milk, and the like. Exosomes contain a variety of biomolecules, such as mRNA, miRNA, proteins, lipids, etc., that can be delivered to recipient cells, thereby altering the physiological or pathological function of the recipient cells. In recent years, exosomes have attracted considerable attention as an intercellular information transfer tool and biomarkers for various diseases, and have great potential for application in the fields of biomedicine and disease diagnosis.
The high-purity, high-yield and standardized exosome is obtained, and is a precondition for clinical application of the exosome. However, at present, there is no unified standard for the methods for extracting and purifying exosomes, and there are many methods commonly used, such as ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration, polymer precipitation, and immunocapture. Although the ultracentrifugation method is a recognized gold standard method for exosome extraction, the operation is time-consuming and labor-consuming, highly depends on manpower, the recovery rate is low, the exosome forms are different in size, and the high-speed centrifugation can damage exosomes to influence downstream experiments. Although the density gradient centrifugation method can obtain very pure exosomes, the method has the disadvantages of complicated operation, poor repeatability, long time consumption and low recovery rate, and is not suitable for extracting exosomes in large batch. The exosome can be conveniently and rapidly extracted by the ultrafiltration method, but the exosome extracted by the method contains large-particle impurity pollution, and downstream application is seriously influenced. The polymer precipitation method is simple and convenient to operate, can be used for extracting exosomes of large-volume samples, but the exosomes extracted by the method are more polluted by impure proteins, are uneven in particle morphology, and influence downstream analysis. Although the immunocapture method can specifically capture exosomes and obtain exosomes with high purity, the method has high cost and low yield, can not extract all exosomes in a sample, and only can obtain exosomes positive for a certain surface antigen. Therefore, the current commonly used exosome extraction method is limited to laboratory operation, and no industrial and large-scale exosome production and preparation method from cell culture to exosome extraction exists. Therefore, in order to accelerate clinical transformation of exosomes, an integrated preparation system from cell culture to exosome production is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a system for exosome production and preparation and a method for preparing exosomes by using the system, and aims to solve the problems that the existing method for extracting exosomes is time-consuming and labor-consuming, low in recovery rate, serious in pollution in the middle process, low in yield, incapable of industrial mass production and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for exosome preparation, the method comprising culturing cells in a hollow fiber cell culture device and extracting and purifying exosomes by a tangential flow filtration device.
Further, the method comprises:
adding a culture medium into a first storage tank, starting a first peristaltic pump, filling the culture medium in the first storage tank into the hollow fiber cell culture device, and then closing the first peristaltic pump;
inoculating the cells into the hollow fiber cell culture device through an inoculation hole of the hollow fiber cell culture device, and culturing at 25 ℃ for 8-14h to ensure that the cells are fully attached to the surface of the hollow fiber tube;
step three, starting a first peristaltic pump, pumping the culture medium in the first storage tank into the hollow fiber cell culture device, and simultaneously enabling the culture solution containing the exosomes to flow into a second storage tank;
step four, collecting an exosome solution, starting a second peristaltic pump, pumping the exosomes in a second storage tank into a tangential flow filtration device, and further extracting and purifying the exosomes;
and step five, when the volume of the liquid in the second storage tank is concentrated to the minimum operation volume, adding a sterile PBS buffer solution into the second storage tank, continuously pumping the liquid in the second storage tank into the tangential flow filtration device, circularly concentrating and filtering, and collecting the liquid in the second storage tank to obtain the solution for extracting and purifying the exosomes.
Further, in the first step, the molecular weight of the nutrient components in the culture medium is less than 20 KD.
Further, in the second step, the cells include somatic cells and stem cells and cells induced by the stem cells to differentiate.
Further, in the second step, the amount of the inoculated cells is 106-108And (4) respectively.
Further, in the fifth step, the minimum operation volume of the tangential flow filtration device is 50-500 mL.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for preparing exosomes according to the above method, characterized in that the system comprises a first storage tank, a second storage tank, a hollow fiber cell culture device, a tangential flow filtration device, a first peristaltic pump and a second peristaltic pump;
wherein, the outlet of the first storage tank is connected with the inlet of the hollow fiber cell culture device through a first peristaltic pump, the outlet of the hollow fiber cell culture device is connected with the inlet of the first storage tank, and the filtrate outlet of the hollow fiber cell culture device is connected with the first inlet of the second storage tank; the outlet of the second storage tank is connected with the inlet of the tangential flow filtration device through a second peristaltic pump, the outlet of the tangential flow filtration device is connected with the second inlet of the second storage tank, and the liquid filtered by the tangential flow filtration device directly flows out of the system.
Furthermore, an index detection system is arranged in the hollow fiber cell culture device and comprises a pH detection module, a temperature detection module and a dissolved oxygen detection module; the shell is provided with a transparent visual window.
Furthermore, a hollow fiber tube is also arranged in the hollow fiber cell culture device, and the molecular weight cut-off of the hollow fiber tube is 20-75 KD.
Further, the tangential flow filtration device is provided with a tangential flow filtration membrane, and the molecular weight cut-off of the tangential flow filtration membrane is 50-750 KD.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a system for large-scale production and preparation of exosomes, a method for preparing exosomes by using the system and a high-purity and high-concentration exosome solution which is applied to the system. The system of the invention can realize the integrated preparation process from cell culture to exosome production, and is very suitable for the industrial large-scale production and preparation of clinical exosomes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of large-scale production and preparation of exosomes provided by the present invention, wherein 1 is a first storage tank, 2 is a first peristaltic pump, 3 is a hollow fiber cell culture device, 4 is a second storage tank, 5 is a second peristaltic pump, and 6 is a tangential flow filtration device;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a hollow fiber cell culture apparatus provided by the present invention, wherein 7 is a cell inoculation port, 8 is an inner cavity of a hollow fiber cell culture system, 9 is a hollow fiber tube, 10 is a cell, 11 is a transparent visual window, 12 is a pH detection module, 13 is a temperature detection module, and 14 is a dissolved oxygen detection module;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hollow fiber cell culture apparatus according to the present invention, wherein 1 is exosome, 2 is cell, 3 is cell culture medium, and 4 is nutrient in the cell culture medium;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tangential flow filtration apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an electron microscope image of exosome extracted by the exosome mass production preparation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of nanoparticle size tracing analysis of exosomes extracted by the exosome mass production preparation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a Western Blot diagram of exosome extracted by the exosome mass production preparation system provided by the invention;
FIG. 8 is a comparison chart of the exosome bioactivity experiment provided by the invention, wherein 1 is an example, 2 is a comparative example, and 3 is a control group.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1A method for preparing exosomes using an exosome-producing system provided by the present invention
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a large-scale production system for exosomes; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hollow fiber cell culture apparatus.
1. Inoculation and culture of cells
Adding culture medium into first storage tank 1, starting first peristaltic pump 2, pumping culture medium from first storage tank 1 into hollow fiber cell culture device 3, filling, and taking 107Inoculating umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells cultured to the third generation into the hollow fiber cell culture device 3 through the cell inoculation port 7, shaking uniformly, and culturing at 25 deg.CCulturing for 10h to ensure that the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are fully attached to the surface of the hollow fiber tube.
2. Exosome large-scale production preparation system extracts exosome
Observing the culture condition of the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through the transparent visual window 11, starting the first peristaltic pump when adherent cells are about 80% full, enabling the culture medium to flow into the hollow fiber tube 9, providing nutrition for the cells through the hollow fiber membrane, enabling the cells to grow and release exosomes, enabling the membrane cut-off molecular weight of the hollow fiber tube 9 to be 20-75KD which is far smaller than the particle size (about 100KD) of the exosomes, so that the culture solution containing the exosomes cannot flow back into the first storage tank 1, and only can flow into the second storage tank 4 through the outlet of the hollow fiber cell culture device 3, detecting the culture environment of the cells by utilizing the pH detection module 12, the temperature detection module 13 and the dissolved oxygen detection module 14 which are arranged on the hollow fiber cell culture device 3, and adjusting the cell culture medium in the first storage tank 1 (the molecular weight of nutritional ingredients in the culture medium is smaller than 20-75KD) according to needs, improve the environment for culturing cells in the hollow fiber cell culture device 3. The working principle of the hollow fiber device is shown in fig. 3;
when the volume of the culture solution in the second storage tank 4 reaches 200-. The principle of purifying exosomes by a tangential flow filtration device is shown in fig. 4;
and when the liquid volume in the second storage tank 4 is concentrated to the minimum operation volume (50-500mL), adding 5 times of sterile PBS buffer solution with the minimum operation volume into the second storage tank 4, continuously pumping the liquid in the second storage tank 4 into the tangential flow filtration device 6, circularly concentrating and filtering, and when the liquid volume in the second storage tank 4 is concentrated to a certain volume, collecting the liquid in the second storage tank 4 to obtain the solution for extracting and purifying the exosomes.
Example 2A System for exosome production preparation
The system for preparing the exosome comprises a first storage tank 1, a second storage tank 4, a hollow fiber cell culture device 3, a tangential flow filtration device 6, a first peristaltic pump 2 and a second peristaltic pump 5;
wherein, the outlet of the first storage tank 1 is connected with the inlet of the hollow fiber cell culture device 3 through the first peristaltic pump 2, the outlet of the hollow fiber cell culture device 3 is connected with the inlet of the first storage tank 1, and the filtrate outlet of the hollow fiber tube 3 is connected with the first inlet of the second storage tank 4; the outlet of the second storage tank 4 is connected with the inlet of the tangential flow filtration device 6 through the second peristaltic pump 5, the outlet of the tangential flow filtration device 6 is connected with the second inlet of the second storage tank 4, and the liquid filtered by the tangential flow filtration device 6 directly flows out of the system.
Wherein, the hollow fiber cell culture device 3 is internally provided with a plurality of hollow fiber tubes 9, and the molecular weight cut-off is 20-75 KD; the tangential flow filtration device 6 is internally provided with a tangential flow filtration membrane with the molecular weight cut-off of 50-750 KD.
Be equipped with key index detecting system in hollow fiber cell culture device 3, including pH detection module 12, temperature detection module 13 and dissolved oxygen detection module 14, help the system to the control of cell culture condition, the shell is equipped with transparent visual window 11 simultaneously, can observe the growth state of cell through the detection camera lens.
Comparative example ultracentrifugation method for extracting exosome
Carrying out plate culture on the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for 24h by using the same culture medium, and collecting a culture solution after the cells are fully paved by the adherence of about 80-90%. Centrifuging 100000g of 20mL of culture solution at 4 ℃ for 2h, and then resuspending the culture solution by using 1mL of sterile PBS buffer solution to obtain an exosome extracted and purified by an ultracentrifugation method; the obtained exosome is subjected to nanometer particle size tracing analysis to detect the particle concentration of the exosome.
Experimental example 1 identification of exosomes and comparison of biological activities of exosomes extracted by different methods
1. Exosome electron microscope contrast
The exosomes obtained in example 1 and comparative example were fixed on a sample-carrying copper mesh using glutaraldehyde solution, reacted for 5min, and ddH was used2O washing the copper net, placing the copper net in uranyl oxalate solution for incubation for 5min, and finally sucking off the multi-residual liquid on filter paperAnd after the copper mesh is dried, placing the copper mesh in a sample box, and taking an electron microscope picture at 80 kV. As shown in fig. 5, in the electron microscope examination image of the exosome extracted and purified in the example, the obvious vesicle structure of the saucer-shaped double-layer membrane can be seen under the electron microscope, the particle size is within the range of 30-150nm, the background is clean, the structure is clear, and the interference of impurity particles is avoided.
2. Comparison of exosome particle range and concentration
The exosome obtained in the embodiment is subjected to detection of exosome concentration and particle size distribution by a nanometer particle size tracing analyzer. As can be seen from fig. 6, the particle size distribution of the exosomes obtained in the example is approximately in the range of 40-150nm, and the average particle size of the exosomes is 102.3nm, so that the particle size range of the exosomes extracted in the example conforms to the definition of the exosomes.
3. Exosome Western Blot detection
The exosomes obtained in the example are respectively added with a proper amount of loading buffer, and the mixture is heated in a boiling water bath to fully denature the protein. And (3) configuring SDS-PAGE gel, loading the protein into a loading hole of the SDS-PAGE gel, and electrophoretically separating a protein sample and transferring the protein sample to a membrane. After the film transfer is finished, the protein film is placed in 5% of sealing liquid for sealing. After blocking was complete, primary antibodies (CD9, CD63, ALIX and CM130) were incubated overnight at 4 ℃ and then enzyme-labeled secondary antibodies were incubated for 1h at room temperature. And finally, placing the protein film in ECL luminous liquid, reacting for 2min, and then placing the protein film into a chemiluminescence imaging system for color development imaging. The Western Blot experiment results of CD9, CD63, ALIX and CM130 proteins of the exosomes obtained in the example are shown in FIG. 7, the bands of three specific proteins of the exosomes, namely CD9, CD63 and ALIX are clear and bright, the positions of the bands are correct, and a negative protein control CM130 has no visible band, so that the matter extracted and prepared by the system is an exosome and has high purity.
4. Exosome bioactivity comparison
The proliferation potency of the exosomes obtained in the examples and comparative examples was examined by MTT method. Taking umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells cultured to the 10 th generation at 5X 10/hole3The cells were seeded in a 96-well plate, and the exosomes obtained in example and comparative example were diluted to 10610. mu.L of each of the particles was added to the mediumIn the cultured cells, 10. mu.L of PBS buffer was used as a control group. After 3 days of incubation, MTT solution was added to each well, incubation was continued for 4h, the incubation was terminated, and the culture supernatant in the wells was carefully aspirated. Add 150. mu.L DMSO per well and shake for 10 min. OD values were measured at 450nm with a microplate reader, 6 replicates per group, and the average was taken. The result is shown in fig. 8, the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome has an obvious promotion effect on cell proliferation, the effect of the exosome obtained in the example on cell proliferation is obviously higher than that of the comparative example, which is probably because the exosome secreted by the cells has more biological activity due to the culture mode of the hollow fiber culture system; the strong centrifugal force of the ultracentrifugation method can also be caused by destroying the partial membrane structure of the exosome, and the mode for extracting the exosome is milder in the embodiment, so that the biological activity of the exosome is better ensured.
The invention provides a construction, a use method and application of a preparation system for large-scale production of exosomes, wherein the system utilizes a large number of hollow fiber tubes in a hollow fiber device to increase the cell culture area, a culture medium conveyed by the hollow fiber tubes can promote cells to secrete exosomes in a large number, and the produced exosome solution can further purify the exosomes through a tangential flow filtration device, so that the high-purity and high-concentration exosome solution is finally obtained. The system realizes the integrated preparation process from cell culture to exosome production, and is very suitable for large-scale production and preparation of clinical-grade exosomes; greatly accelerates the technical development of the biological products related to the exosomes and the process of clinical transformation application, and has great commercial value.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for exosome preparation, characterized in that the method comprises culturing of cells in a hollow fiber cell culture device and extraction and purification of exosomes in a tangential flow filtration device.
2. A method for exosome preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises:
adding a culture medium into a first storage tank, starting a first peristaltic pump, filling the culture medium in the first storage tank into the hollow fiber cell culture device, and then closing the first peristaltic pump;
inoculating the cells into the hollow fiber cell culture device through an inoculation hole of the hollow fiber cell culture device, and culturing at 25 ℃ for 8-14h to ensure that the cells are fully attached to the surface of the hollow fiber tube;
step three, starting a first peristaltic pump, pumping the culture medium in the first storage tank into the hollow fiber cell culture device, and simultaneously enabling the culture solution containing the exosomes to flow into a second storage tank;
step four, collecting an exosome solution, starting a second peristaltic pump, pumping the exosomes in a second storage tank into a tangential flow filtration device, and further extracting and purifying the exosomes;
and step five, when the volume of the liquid in the second storage tank is concentrated to the minimum operation volume, adding a sterile PBS buffer solution into the second storage tank, continuously pumping the liquid in the second storage tank into the tangential flow filtration device, circularly concentrating and filtering, and collecting the liquid in the second storage tank to obtain the solution for extracting and purifying the exosomes.
3. A method for exosome preparation according to claim 2, wherein in step one, the molecular weight of the nutrient components in the medium is less than 20 KD.
4. A method for exosome preparation according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the cells include somatic cells and stem cells and cells in which the stem cells induce differentiation.
5. The method for exocrine of claim 2The method for preparing a body, wherein in the second step, the amount of the inoculated cells is 106-108And (4) respectively.
6. A method for exosome preparation according to claim 2, wherein in step five, the minimum operating volume of the tangential flow filtration device is 50-500 mL.
7. A system for preparing exosomes according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a first storage tank, a second storage tank, a hollow fiber cell culture device, a tangential flow filtration device, a first peristaltic pump and a second peristaltic pump;
wherein, the outlet of the first storage tank is connected with the inlet of the hollow fiber cell culture device through a first peristaltic pump, the outlet of the hollow fiber cell culture device is connected with the inlet of the first storage tank, and the filtrate outlet of the hollow fiber cell culture device is connected with the first inlet of the second storage tank; the outlet of the second storage tank is connected with the inlet of the tangential flow filtration device through a second peristaltic pump, the outlet of the tangential flow filtration device is connected with the second inlet of the second storage tank, and the liquid filtered by the tangential flow filtration device directly flows out of the system.
8. A system for exosome preparation according to claim 7, wherein an index detection system is arranged inside the hollow fiber cell culture device, and comprises a pH detection module, a temperature detection module and a dissolved oxygen detection module; the shell is provided with a transparent visual window.
9. A system for exosome preparation according to claim 7, wherein a hollow fiber tube is arranged inside the hollow fiber cell culture device, and the molecular weight cut-off of the hollow fiber tube is 20-75 KD; the tangential flow filtration device is provided with a tangential flow filtration membrane, and the molecular weight cut-off of the tangential flow filtration membrane is 50-750 KD.
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