CN113388233A - Preparation method of conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material - Google Patents
Preparation method of conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113388233A CN113388233A CN202110514636.8A CN202110514636A CN113388233A CN 113388233 A CN113388233 A CN 113388233A CN 202110514636 A CN202110514636 A CN 202110514636A CN 113388233 A CN113388233 A CN 113388233A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material, which is characterized in that through material formula design, carbon nanotubes, chopped carbon fibers and a solid lubricant are uniformly dispersed in an epoxy resin matrix by adopting various technical means, and the epoxy resin-based multi-element composite material is obtained through curing and molding. The double synergistic effect of the carbon nano tube and the short carbon fiber is skillfully utilized: (1) the synergistic effect of the two on the aspect of reinforcing and toughening the epoxy resin; (2) the two can form a double-scale conductive network and synergistically improve the conductivity of the epoxy resin. The solid lubricant is transferred to the mating surface during the friction process to form a transfer film with solid lubrication characteristics. The epoxy resin composite material disclosed by the invention has high strength, toughness and excellent wear resistance, also has high conductivity, can avoid the accumulation of electrostatic charges when being used for preparing a friction pair material, and has important potential in the aspect of preparing the friction pair material with high reliability and long service life required in the field of oil and gas equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a preparation method of an epoxy resin-based friction pair material suitable for the field of oil and gas equipment.
Background
With the development of equipment technology, more and more moving mechanisms run under the harsh boundary lubrication and even dry friction working conditions, so higher requirements are put forward on the reliability and the service life of friction pair materials. The polymer-based composite material is increasingly used for preparing shaft sleeves, sliding blocks, thrust bearings and the like of motion mechanisms due to the characteristics of self-lubricating property, high strength-weight ratio, designable performance and the like. In order to improve the safety and reliability of equipment for oil and gas exploration, exploitation and the like and avoid the accumulation of friction static electricity, friction pair materials are required to have higher electrical conductivity besides lower friction coefficient and wear rate.
The epoxy resin has the characteristics of high strength, high chemical stability, easiness in processing and forming and the like, in addition, the cost performance of the epoxy resin material is high, however, the fracture toughness and the wear resistance of the pure epoxy resin are low, and the pure epoxy resin is not suitable for being used as a wear-resistant material. Although the toughness and wear resistance of the epoxy resin composite material can be improved by using a mode of reinforcing the micron particles or the chopped fibers, the electrical conductivity of the above conventional epoxy resin composite material is lower.
The carbon nanotube can be regarded as being formed by curling graphene sheets, and can be divided into the following layers according to the number of the graphene sheets: single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The carbon nano tube is used as a one-dimensional nano material, has light weight, perfect connection of a hexagonal structure and excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Many researchers have found that dispersing a small amount (above threshold) of carbon nanotubes in an epoxy matrix can significantly improve the electrical conductivity of the material, and also found the reinforcing and toughening effects of carbon nanotubes on epoxy. However, it should be noted that a small amount of carbon nanotubes has limited reinforcing and toughening effect on epoxy materials and cannot significantly improve the tribological properties of the materials. Increasing the content of the carbon nanotubes will increase the cost of the composite material, and secondly, the viscosity of the epoxy resin can be greatly increased, and the processing formability of the epoxy resin material is reduced. The advantages of the carbon nano tube, the conventional chopped carbon fiber and the solid lubricant are coupled, and the design and preparation of the multielement epoxy resin-based composite material are effective ways for developing the conductive wear-resistant material, but no published report of the epoxy resin-based composite material coupled with the three types of functional fillers exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a design and a preparation method of a conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material which is low in cost, easy to industrially produce and suitable for the field of oil-gas equipment.
In order to solve the problems, the conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material simultaneously introduces three functional fillers such as carbon nanotubes, chopped carbon fibers, solid lubricants and the like, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding carbon nanotubes into epoxy resin, stirring by using a vacuum high-speed dispersion machine, and dispersing for more than 10 minutes at the rotating speed of 1000-3000rpm of a dispersion disc to obtain a carbon mixture A;
(2) mixture a was ground using a three-roll grinder, first with a larger roll gap, and then with a smaller roll gap. The three-roller grinding machine achieves the grinding effect by utilizing the mutual extrusion of the surfaces of the rollers and the huge shearing force generated by different speeds. A three-roller grinding process is utilized to ensure that the carbon nano tubes are uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin matrix to obtain a mixture B;
(4) adding chopped carbon fibers and a solid lubricant filler into the mixture B in sequence, wherein the rotating speed of a dispersion machine is 500-3000 rpm, and the dispersion time is 5-30 minutes to obtain a mixture C;
(5) adding a curing agent in a certain proportion into the mixture C, and continuously stirring and mixing for 3-10min at the rotating speed of 500-2000rpm by using a vacuum dispersion machine to obtain a mixture D;
(6) and pouring the mixture D into a mould for curing, and demoulding and shaping to obtain the conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material.
In the epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material, the volume content ranges of the carbon nano tube, the chopped carbon fiber and the solid lubricant particle are respectively 0.1-5%, 3-40% and 3-30%. The others are resin matrix materials.
The epoxy resin in the step (1) is bisphenol A epoxy resin.
The carbon nano-tube in the step (1) is one or a mixture of single-wall carbon nano-tubes or multi-wall carbon nano-tubes.
And the curing agent in the step (4) is one or more of an amine curing agent and an anhydride curing agent.
The proportion of the curing agent in the step (4) is determined according to the type of the curing agent, so that the epoxy resin is fully crosslinked and cured.
And (3) determining the curing temperature and time for curing in the step (5) according to the type of the curing agent, and ensuring that the resin is fully crosslinked and cured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the epoxy resin-based composite material disclosed by the invention has high strength, toughness and good conductivity, and the friction pair material used for preparing the oil-gas equipment field has excellent wear resistance, can avoid the accumulation of electrostatic charges, and can improve the service life and safety and reliability of a movement mechanism.
(2) The effects of the multi-element filler are not simple physical superposition, and the invention utilizes the synergistic enhancement and toughening effects of the carbon nano tube and the carbon fiber on the epoxy resin, and the two carbon materials can form a micro/nano double-scale conductive network so as to synergistically improve the conductivity of the epoxy resin. In the aspect of tribological performance, the carbon fiber and the solid lubricant show synergistic antifriction and antiwear effects.
(3) The material of the invention has low cost and simple preparation, and can be produced in large batch, and the obtained conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph of the modulus of elasticity for examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-4;
FIG. 2 is a bar graph of tensile strength for examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-4;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of fracture toughness for examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-4;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of the coefficients of friction of examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-4;
FIG. 5 is a bar graph of the wear rates of examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-4;
FIG. 6 is a histogram of the conductivity of examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-4.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Comparative example 1: the preparation method of the pure epoxy resin comprises the following steps:
a cyclic aliphatic polyamine curing agent is added into the bisphenol A epoxy resin, and the weight ratio of the two is 100: 33. Stirring and mixing are carried out continuously for 5min at the rotating speed of 800rpm by using a vacuum dispersion machine, the mixture is poured into a mould to be solidified for 8h at the temperature of 70 ℃, and then the mixture is solidified for 8h at the temperature of 120 ℃.
Comparative example 2: the preparation method of the carbon nano tube reinforced epoxy resin comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a multi-walled carbon nanotube into bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 2000rpm for 12 minutes to obtain a mixture A;
(2) grinding mixture A with a three-roll grinder, adjusting the roll spacing (30 μm/15 μm) for one time, and then grinding with a smaller roll spacing (10 μm/5 μm) for a second time to obtain mixture B;
(3) adding a curing agent into the mixture B, stirring for 5min at the rotating speed of 800rpm in a vacuum dispersion machine, and pouring into a mold for curing.
In the prepared composite material, the volume content of the carbon nano tube is 0.5 percent, and the volume content of the resin matrix is 99.5 percent. The kind of curing agent, the ratio to epoxy resin and the curing process were the same as in comparative example 1.
Comparative example 3: the preparation method of the chopped fiber reinforced epoxy resin comprises the following steps:
(1) adding chopped carbon fibers into bisphenol A epoxy resin, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 1500rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture A;
(2) adding the curing agent into the A, continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 800rpm for 5min to obtain a mixture B, and pouring the mixture B into a mold for curing.
In the prepared composite material, the volume content of the chopped carbon fibers is 10%, and the volume content of the resin matrix is 90%. The curing agent and curing process were the same as in comparative example 1.
Comparative example 4: the preparation method of the chopped carbon fiber/graphite/Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled epoxy resin comprises the following steps:
(1) adding chopped carbon fibers into bisphenol A epoxy resin, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 1500rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture A;
(2) adding PTFE particles into the mixture A, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 1500rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture B;
(3) adding graphite particles into the mixture B, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 800rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture C;
(4) adding a curing agent into the mixture C, stirring for 5min at the rotating speed of 800rpm in a vacuum dispersion machine, and pouring into a mold for curing.
In the prepared composite material, the volume content of the carbon fiber was 10%, the volume content of the PTFE was 3%, the volume content of the graphite was 3%, and the volume content of the resin matrix was 84%. The kind of curing agent, the ratio to epoxy resin and the curing process were the same as in comparative example 1.
Example 1 a method for preparing a conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material:
(1) adding a multi-walled carbon nanotube into bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 2000rpm for 12 minutes to obtain a mixture A;
(2) grinding mixture A with a three-roll grinder, adjusting the roll spacing (30 μm/15 μm) for one time, and then grinding with a smaller roll spacing (10 μm/5 μm) for a second time to obtain mixture B;
(3) adding the chopped carbon fibers into the mixture B, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 1500rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture C;
(4) adding PTFE particles into the mixture C, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 1500rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture D;
(5) adding graphite particles into the mixture D, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 800rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture E;
(6) adding a curing agent into the mixture E, stirring for 5min at the rotating speed of 800rpm in a vacuum dispersion machine, and pouring into a mold for curing.
In the prepared composite material, the volume ratio of the carbon nano tube is 0.2%, the volume ratio of the carbon fiber is 10%, the volume content of PTFE is 3%, the volume content of graphite is 3% and the volume content of the resin matrix is 83.8%. The kind of curing agent, the ratio to epoxy resin and the curing process were the same as in comparative example 1.
The invention skillfully utilizes the dual synergistic effect of the carbon nano tube and the short carbon fiber through reasonable material design and formula regulation: (1) the synergistic effect of the two on the aspect of reinforcing and toughening the epoxy resin; (2) the two can form a micro/nano dual-scale conductive network so as to synergistically improve the conductive performance of the epoxy resin. The solid lubricant is transferred to the surface of the friction pair to form a transfer film with solid lubrication property in the friction process, so that the friction and the abrasion are further reduced. The multi-element composite material disclosed by the invention simultaneously shows high strength, toughness, wear resistance and good conductivity, is low in cost, is easy to realize industrial production, and has important application potential in the aspect of preparing conductive friction pair materials with high reliability and long service life.
(1) adding a multi-walled carbon nanotube into bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 2000rpm for 12 minutes to obtain a mixture A;
(2) grinding mixture A with a three-roll grinder, adjusting the roll spacing (30 μm/15 μm) for one time, and then grinding with a smaller roll spacing (10 μm/5 μm) for a second time to obtain mixture B;
(3) adding the chopped carbon fibers into the mixture B, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 1500rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture C;
(4) adding PTFE particles into the mixture C, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 1500rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture D;
(5) adding graphite particles into the mixture D, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 800rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture E;
(6) adding a curing agent into the mixture E, stirring for 5min at the rotating speed of 800rpm in a vacuum dispersion machine, and pouring into a mold for curing.
In the prepared composite material, the volume ratio of the carbon nanotubes is 0.3%, the volume ratio of the carbon fibers is 10%, the volume content of PTFE is 3%, the volume content of graphite is 3%, and the volume content of the resin matrix is 83.7%. The kind of curing agent, the ratio to epoxy resin and the curing process were the same as in comparative example 1.
(1) adding a multi-walled carbon nanotube into bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 2000rpm for 12 minutes to obtain a mixture A;
(2) grinding mixture A with a three-roll grinder, adjusting the roll spacing (30 μm/15 μm) for one time, and then grinding with a smaller roll spacing (10 μm/5 μm) for a second time to obtain mixture B;
(3) adding the chopped carbon fibers into the mixture B, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 1500rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture C;
(4) adding PTFE particles into the mixture C, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 1500rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture D;
(5) adding graphite particles into the mixture D, and mixing by using a dispersion machine at the rotating speed of 800rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture E;
(6) adding a curing agent into the mixture E, stirring for 5min at the rotating speed of 800rpm in a vacuum dispersion machine, and pouring into a mold for curing.
In the prepared composite material, the volume ratio of the carbon nano tube is 0.5%, the volume ratio of the carbon fiber is 10%, the volume content of PTFE is 3%, the volume content of graphite is 3% and the volume content of the resin matrix is 83.5%. The kind of curing agent, the ratio to epoxy resin and the curing process were the same as in comparative example 1.
Test methods and results
(1) The mechanical property testing method comprises the following steps: the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the material were tested by the tensile test (GB 1040) standard using a universal tester. Testing of materials for plane strain fracture by compact tensile method according to ISO 13586Fracture toughness KIC。
(2) Conductivity test method: the comparative examples and examples were tested for surface conductivity according to ASTM D257-99.
(3) Tribology experiments: the coefficient of friction and wear rate of the material was tested using a high speed block and ring tester (ASTM D2714). The materials of the comparative example and the example are processed into sample blocks, and the material of the dual example is GCr15 bearing steel ring (phi is 60mm, Ra02-0.27), the test load was 30N, and the linear velocity was 1.0 m/s. After the friction experiment is finished, the width of the grinding crack is measured by using an optical microscope, and the wear rate is calculated by using the following formula.
Wherein L' is the width (mm) of the sample, R is the diameter (mm) of the dual steel ring, W is the width (mm) of the grinding mark, F is the normal force (N), and L is the sliding distance (m).
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, the conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material obtained by the present invention has excellent mechanical properties, wherein the chopped carbon fibers and the carbon nanotubes have a significant synergistic effect in reinforcing and toughening the epoxy resin (example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 and 4). As can be seen from FIGS. 4 to 5, the conductive epoxy resin-based abrasion resistant materials obtained by the present invention have excellent friction reducing and abrasion resistant effects (examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3). As can be seen from FIG. 6, the conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material obtained by the present invention has higher electrical conductivity than the conventional epoxy resin composite materials (examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 3-4), especially when the carbon nanotubes and the carbon fibers synergistically improve the electrical conductivity of the material.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material is characterized in that the design and preparation method of the material comprises the following steps:
(1) the conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material is designed by introducing three functional fillers of carbon nano tubes, chopped carbon fibers and solid lubricants into an epoxy resin matrix material, and utilizing the synergistic enhancement and toughening effects of the carbon nano tubes and the chopped carbon fibers and the synergistic effect of the carbon nano tubes and the chopped carbon fibers to improve the conductivity of the material; the solid lubricant in the composite material can be transferred to the surface of the friction pair in the friction process, a transfer film is formed on a friction interface, and the friction and the abrasion of the material are reduced;
(2) the typical preparation method of the conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material comprises the following steps:
dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy resin to obtain a mixture A;
secondly, grinding the mixture A by using a three-roller grinder, firstly grinding the mixture A by using a larger roller interval, and then grinding the mixture A by using a smaller roller interval to obtain a mixture B;
dispersing the short carbon fibers in the mixture B to obtain a mixture C;
dispersing one or more solid lubricant particles in the mixture C to obtain a mixture D;
fifthly, adding the curing agent into the mixture D, stirring, exhausting and pouring into a mold for curing.
2. The conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material of claim 1, wherein the epoxy resin is bisphenol a type epoxy resin, and the curing agent is one or more of amine curing agent and anhydride curing agent.
3. The conductive epoxy-based wear-resistant material of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes or multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
4. The conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material according to claim 1, wherein the chopped carbon fibers have a length of 8 μm to 6 mm.
5. The conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid lubricant is one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide.
6. The conductive epoxy resin-based wear-resistant material of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotubes, the chopped carbon fibers and the solid lubricant particles are contained in the ranges of 0.1-5%, 3-40% and 3-30% by volume, respectively, with the remaining volume being the resin matrix material.
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Application publication date: 20210914 |