CN113388155A - Preparation method of super-hydrophobic sponge for efficient oil-water separation - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/40—Impregnation
- C08J9/42—Impregnation with macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0202—Separation of non-miscible liquids by ab- or adsorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
- C08G83/008—Supramolecular polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08J2361/26—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds
- C08J2361/28—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds with melamine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2483/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2483/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2487/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified macromolecular compounds, obtained otherwise than by polymerisation reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
Abstract
A preparation method of super-hydrophobic sponge for high-efficiency oil-water separation comprises the steps of adding an organic ligand solution into a metal salt solution for reaction, and dispersing a product after centrifugal separation into PDMS diluent to form a dispersion immersion liquid; soaking sponge in the soaking solution, taking out and drying. The invention adopts commercially available porous sponge as a matrix, selects a zeolite-imidazole framework (ZIF) like polymer which is cheap and easy to obtain and has excellent performance as a hydrophobic material, adopts a unique adhesive Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) component, and constructs a metal organic framework polymer on the surface of the sponge matrix, thereby preparing the high-efficiency oil-water separation sponge material with super-hydrophobicity and super-oleophylic characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic three-dimensional sponge, in particular to a preparation method of a reusable sponge with low cost and capable of being used for efficient oil-water separation.
Background
Oil leakage accidents frequently occur, industrial organic pollution is increasingly serious, the oil leakage accidents become serious environmental problems, and long-term threats are caused to human health and ecological systems. How to separate oil and toxic organic pollutants from water without further environmental pollution is a challenging issue. The traditional oil spilling cleaning technology comprises a dispersing agent, a curing agent, an oil skimmer, a movable arm, in-situ combustion, an adsorbent and the like, wherein the porous adsorbent has the advantages of simplicity, low cost, high efficiency and the like, and has wide application prospect. The ideal porous adsorbents for oil-water separation should have hydrophobic and lipophilic properties to ensure that they can selectively adsorb/absorb the target compounds containing oil instead of water. These porous materials usually have rough surfaces on the nanometer to micrometer scale to improve their hydrophobicity (chem. soc. rev.2015,44, 336-. Furthermore, the recovery of petroleum from absorbents is mainly carried out by extrusion and distillation (Energy environ. sci.2012,5,7908-. Therefore, the development of rough hydrophobic surface materials with critical properties of low density, low water absorption, high recycling efficiency, etc. remains an urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quick preparation method of a super-hydrophobic three-dimensional sponge and application of the super-hydrophobic three-dimensional sponge in oil-water separation.
Specifically, the preparation method of the super-hydrophobic sponge for efficient oil-water separation comprises the steps of adding an organic ligand solution into a metal salt solution for reaction, and dispersing a product after centrifugal separation into a PDMS diluent to form a dispersion immersion liquid; soaking sponge in the soaking solution, taking out and drying.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the organic ligand solution is a solution of 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole or benzimidazole, and the solvent used is water, methanol or ammonia water; the concentration of the organic ligand solution is 0.1 mol/L-4.0 mol/L;
in the above preparation method, preferably, the metal salt solution is a cobalt or zinc salt solution, and the solvent used is deionized water or methanol; the concentration of the metal salt solution is 0.04 mol/L-3.5 mol/L; the metal salt may be selected from zinc nitrate, cobalt nitrate, hydrates thereof, and the like.
In the preparation method, preferably, the molar ratio of the organic ligand to the metal salt is 1-10: 1, more preferably 1 to 6: 1. the organic ligand is more preferably benzimidazole, and the metal salt is more preferably zinc nitrate or a hydrate thereof.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the PDMS diluent is obtained by dissolving PDMS in a mixed solution of n-hexane and methanol, and oscillating; the volume ratio of the n-hexane to the methanol is 0.5: 1-10: 1; the volume percentage concentration of the PDMS diluent is 5 per mill to 3 percent. The PDMS may be commercially available, for example, a dow corning 184 product, which comprises a base component (liquid a) and a curing agent (liquid B), and the volume ratio of the curing agent (liquid B) to the base component (liquid a) is 1: 10 mixing and stirring to obtain the cured PDMS.
Specifically, the preparation method of the PDMS diluent may be: mixing a curing agent (Dow Corning 184-B liquid) and a basic component (Dow Corning 184-A liquid) according to a volume ratio of 1: 10 mixing and stirring, and dissolving into a mixed solution of normal hexane and methanol in a certain volume ratio, and oscillating to obtain the product; the volume ratio of the n-hexane to the methanol is 0.5: 1-10: 1; the volume percentage concentration of the PDMS diluent is 5 per mill to 3 percent.
More specifically, the preparation method of the super-hydrophobic sponge for efficient oil-water separation of the invention can adopt the following steps:
(1) mixing a curing agent Dow Corning 184-B liquid and a PDMS Dow Corning 184-A liquid according to a volume ratio of 1: and 10, stirring for 3-5 minutes after mixing, dissolving into a mixed solution of normal hexane and methanol in a certain volume ratio, and oscillating for 3-5 minutes to obtain a PDMS diluent with a certain concentration.
(2) Dissolving a certain amount of metal salt into a certain solvent with a certain volume to obtain a solution A for later use.
(3) Ultrasonically dissolving a certain amount of organic ligand into a certain solvent with a certain volume to obtain a solution B for later use.
(4) Dropwise adding the solution B obtained in the step (3) into the solution A obtained in the step (2) under the stirring condition, continuously stirring for 10min, then centrifugally separating the product to obtain a zeolite-imidazole-like framework (ZIF) polymer, washing the zeolite-imidazole-like framework (ZIF) polymer for 3 times by using ethanol, and then oscillating and dispersing the zeolite-imidazole-like framework (ZIF) polymer into the PDMS diluent prepared in the step (1) for later use.
(5) And (3) washing commercially available sponge (1 cubic centimeter) with ethanol and deionized water for three times, drying to constant weight, then soaking in the immersion liquid prepared in the step (4), taking out the sponge after complete immersion, extruding the residual immersion liquid with tweezers, and then placing in a drying oven for drying and curing to obtain the modified super-hydrophobic sponge for oil-water separation. In the step (5), the curing temperature is 50-150 ℃.
The invention adopts commercially available porous sponge as a matrix, selects a zeolite-imidazole framework (ZIF) like polymer which is cheap and easy to obtain and has excellent performance as a hydrophobic material, adopts a unique adhesive Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) component, and constructs a metal organic framework polymer on the surface of the sponge matrix, thereby preparing the high-efficiency oil-water separation sponge material with super-hydrophobicity and super-oleophylic characteristics.
The final product structure obtained by the invention is a ternary composite structure, and the structure is provided with a PDMS adhesive layer, so that on one hand, the ZIF material is not easy to fall off, and on the other hand, the compactness and the hydrophobicity of the composite material are better. Meanwhile, the preparation steps are simple, and the oil absorption material with excellent performance, stable structural performance and stable chemistry is prepared by adding PDMS. The obtained ZIF modified sponge oil absorption material has high hydrophobicity, has a contact angle CA of 143-148 degrees to water, has high porosity, low density and large specific surface area, and can be used for oil-water separation under severe conditions such as strong acid, strong alkali and high temperature.
The inventor researches and discovers that if PDMS is not added, the ZIF material is not easy to adhere to the sponge, and even if a layer of ZIF is adsorbed, the ZIF material is easy to fall off, so that the PDMS is added, the hydrophobicity is better, and the material is more stable. PDMS has hydrophobicity, and PDMS can well adhere ZIF to sponge on one hand, and simultaneously, the hydrophobic function of the material is enhanced by the cooperation of PDMS and ZIF. The super-hydrophobic sponge has high mechanical or structural stability due to the strong adhesive force of PDMS on the surface, the cross-linked porous polymer structure and the inherent 3D cross network structure of the sponge. The super-hydrophobic sponge can still keep better hydrophobicity and overall shape after being used and extruded for 100 times, and shows the characteristics of high repeated utilization rate and high stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of an untreated sponge and a high efficiency oil-water separation sponge made according to example 2 of the present invention. Wherein (a) is SEM picture of untreated sponge, and (b) is SEM picture of high-efficiency oil-water separation sponge prepared in example 2 of the invention. It can be seen that the untreated sponge has large pores, but the large pores of the sponge modified by the invention are filled with ZIF and PDMS, so that the pores are extremely small and the structure is stable.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the sedimentation of untreated sponge and the high efficiency oil-water separation sponge according to the present invention in water, which was prepared in example 2. Wherein A represents untreated sponge, B is the high-efficiency oil-water separation sponge prepared in the example 2 of the invention, A is sunk at the bottom of water, and B floats on the water surface.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the surface morphology of the high performance oil-water separation sponge prepared in example 2 of the present invention, which is stained with methylene blue and n-hexane (stained with oil Red O). It can be seen that n-hexane almost completely wets the sponge surface, while water visibly forms water droplets.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an in-situ continuous oil-water separation system.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention as to the technical contents of the present invention, but the essence of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Firstly, 40 mu L of curing agent (Dow Corning 184-B liquid) and 500 mu L of PDMS basic component (Dow Corning 184-A liquid) are mixed, stirred for 3 minutes and then dissolved until 50mL of the mixture with the volume ratio of 2: 1 in a mixture of n-hexane and methanol, and after shaking for 3 minutes, a PDMS dilution with a concentration of about 1% was obtained and used.
② 5.821g of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate are dissolved in 40mL of water to obtain solution A for later use.
③ 2.053g of 1-methylimidazole are dissolved in 50mL of methanol by ultrasonic wave to obtain a solution B for later use.
Dripping the solution B obtained in the step (III) into the solution A obtained in the step (II) under the stirring condition, continuously stirring for 10min, then centrifugally separating the product, washing for 3 times by using ethanol, and oscillating and dispersing into the PDMS diluent prepared in the step (I) for later use.
Fifthly, washing the commercially available melamine sponge (1 cubic centimeter) with ethanol and deionized water for three times, drying to constant weight, then soaking in the immersion liquid prepared in the step IV, taking out the sponge after complete immersion, extruding the residual immersion liquid with tweezers, and then placing in a drying oven for drying and curing to obtain the super-hydrophobic sponge for oil-water separation.
Example 2
Firstly, 50 mu L of curing agent (Dow Corning 184-B liquid) and 500 mu L of PDMS basic component (Dow Corning 184-A liquid) are mixed, stirred for 3 minutes and then dissolved until the volume ratio of 40mL is 1: 1 in a mixture of n-hexane and methanol, and after shaking for 3 minutes, a diluted PDMS solution with a concentration of about 1.36% was obtained and was ready for use.
② 3.835g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate are dissolved in 30mL of water to obtain solution A for later use.
③ 7.088g of benzimidazole is dissolved in 60mL of ammonia water by ultrasonic wave to obtain a solution B for standby.
Dripping the solution B obtained in the step (III) into the solution A obtained in the step (II) under the stirring condition, continuously stirring for 10min, then centrifugally separating the product, washing for 3 times by using ethanol, and oscillating and dispersing into the PDMS diluent prepared in the step (I) for later use.
Fifthly, washing the commercially available melamine sponge (1 cubic centimeter) with ethanol and deionized water for three times, drying to constant weight, then soaking in the immersion liquid prepared in the step IV, taking out the sponge after complete immersion, extruding the residual immersion liquid with tweezers, and then placing in a drying oven for drying and curing to obtain the super-hydrophobic sponge for oil-water separation.
Example 3
Firstly, 80 μ L of curing agent (Dow Corning 184-B liquid) and 800 μ L of PDMS basic component (Dow Corning 184-A liquid) are mixed, stirred for 3 minutes, and then dissolved until 50mL of the mixture with the volume ratio of 10: 1 in a mixture of n-hexane and methanol, and after shaking for 3 minutes, a diluted PDMS solution with a concentration of about 1.7% was obtained and was ready for use.
② 5.113g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate are dissolved in 20mL of methanol to obtain a solution A for later use.
③ 6.568g of 2-methylimidazole are dissolved in 40mL of water by ultrasonic wave to obtain a solution B for standby.
Dripping the solution B obtained in the step (III) into the solution A obtained in the step (II) under the stirring condition, continuously stirring for 10min, then centrifugally separating the product, washing for 3 times by using ethanol, and oscillating and dispersing into the PDMS diluent prepared in the step (I) for later use.
Fifthly, washing the commercially available melamine sponge (1 cubic centimeter) with ethanol and deionized water for three times, drying to constant weight, then soaking in the immersion liquid prepared in the step IV, taking out the sponge after complete immersion, extruding the residual immersion liquid with tweezers, and then placing in a drying oven for drying and curing to obtain the super-hydrophobic sponge for oil-water separation.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method is characterized in that the sponge is directly immersed in a ZIF polymer solution to prepare the ZIF modified sponge without adopting PMDS, other process data are the same as those in example 1, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
5.821g of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate was dissolved in 40mL of water to obtain solution A for use.
② 2.053g of 1-methylimidazole is dissolved in 50mL of methanol by ultrasonic to obtain solution B for standby.
And thirdly, dropwise adding the solution B obtained in the third step into the solution A obtained in the fourth step under the stirring condition, and continuously stirring for 10min to obtain a ZIF polymer solution for later use.
And fourthly, washing the commercially available melamine sponge (1 cubic centimeter) with ethanol and deionized water for three times, drying to constant weight, then soaking in the solution obtained in the third step, taking out the sponge after complete soaking, extruding the residual immersion liquid with tweezers, and then placing in a drying oven for drying and curing to obtain the ZIF modified sponge. Experiments show that the SEM images of the sponge before and after treatment are basically as shown in FIG. 1(a), that is, a large amount of ZIF material is difficult to grow in situ on the sponge, and the contact angle cannot be measured.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method is characterized in that the sponge is directly immersed in a ZIF polymer solution to prepare the ZIF modified sponge without adopting PMDS, other process data are the same as those in the example 2, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
3.835g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate are dissolved in 30mL of water to obtain solution A for later use.
② 7.088g of benzimidazole is dissolved in 60mL of ammonia water by ultrasonic wave to obtain solution B for standby.
And thirdly, dropwise adding the solution B obtained in the third step into the solution A obtained in the fourth step under the stirring condition, and continuously stirring for 10min to obtain a ZIF polymer solution for later use.
And fourthly, washing the commercially available melamine sponge (1 cubic centimeter) with ethanol and deionized water for three times, drying to constant weight, then soaking in the solution obtained in the third step, taking out the sponge after complete soaking, extruding the residual immersion liquid with tweezers, and then placing in a drying oven for drying and curing to obtain the ZIF modified sponge. Experiments show that the SEM images of the sponge before and after treatment are basically as shown in FIG. 1(a), that is, a large amount of ZIF material is difficult to grow in situ on the sponge, and the contact angle cannot be measured.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method is characterized in that the sponge is directly immersed in the ZIF polymer solution to prepare the ZIF modified sponge without adopting PMDS, other process data are the same as those in the example 3, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
5.113g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate are dissolved in 20mL of methanol to obtain solution A for later use.
② 6.568g of 2-methylimidazole is dissolved in 40mL of water by ultrasonic to obtain solution B for standby.
And thirdly, dropwise adding the solution B obtained in the third step into the solution A obtained in the fourth step under the stirring condition, and continuously stirring for 10min to obtain a ZIF polymer solution for later use.
And fourthly, washing the commercially available melamine sponge (1 cubic centimeter) with ethanol and deionized water for three times, drying to constant weight, then soaking in the solution obtained in the third step, taking out the sponge after complete soaking, extruding the residual immersion liquid with tweezers, and then placing in a drying oven for drying and curing to obtain the ZIF modified sponge. Experiments show that the SEM images of the sponge before and after treatment are basically as shown in FIG. 1(a), that is, a large amount of ZIF material is difficult to grow in situ on the sponge, and the contact angle cannot be measured.
The super-hydrophobic sponges prepared in examples 1 to 3 were tested and found to be very resistant to NaCl solution with a mass concentration of 3.5%, acidic solution of hydrochloric acid (pH 2), alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (pH 12) and hot water at 85 c, and to have contact angles of over 138 °. Also, the superhydrophobic sponge does not lose its superhydrophobic property even if it is immersed in various common solvents such as chloroform, n-hexane, toluene, and ethanol for 48 hours. The above experiments show the chemical stability of the superhydrophobic sponge prepared by the invention to corrosive liquids, hot water and organic solvents. In addition, after the super-hydrophobic sponge is extruded for about 100 times, the super-hydrophobic sponge can still keep better hydrophobicity and overall shape.
Referring to FIG. 4, photographs of the process of continuously adsorbing n-hexane in a mixture of water and n-hexane (dyed with oil Red O) were taken for the high efficiency oil-water separation sponge prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention. The right beaker is filled with mixed liquid, the left beaker is used for holding, and the middle beaker is provided with a peristaltic pump. The right pipe end is provided with sponge. A is an empty beaker for receiving oil, C is an oil-water mixed solution before adsorption, B is a beaker for receiving oil after adsorption, and D is an oil-water mixed solution after adsorption. When the sponge is placed in the mixed liquid, normal hexane is continuously adsorbed and drained out due to the hydrophobic oil absorption of the sponge, and water is not adsorbed and drained and still remains in a beaker filled with the mixed liquid originally, so that efficient oil-water separation is realized, namely the modified sponge has very strong oil-water (normal hexane/water) separation capacity.
It should be noted that the technical contents described above are only explained and illustrated to enable those skilled in the art to know the technical spirit of the present invention, and therefore, the technical contents are not to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made based on the spirit of the present invention should be considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of super-hydrophobic sponge for high-efficiency oil-water separation comprises the steps of adding an organic ligand solution into a metal salt solution for reaction, and dispersing a product after centrifugal separation into PDMS diluent to form a dispersion immersion liquid; soaking sponge in the soaking solution, taking out and drying.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic ligand solution is a solution of 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole or benzimidazole, and the solvent used is water, methanol or aqueous ammonia; the concentration of the organic ligand solution is 0.1 mol/L-4.0 mol/L.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal salt solution is a cobalt or zinc salt solution, and the solvent used is deionized water or methanol; the concentration of the metal salt solution is 0.04 mol/L-3.5 mol/L.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PDMS diluent is prepared by dissolving PDMS in a mixture of n-hexane and methanol and shaking; the volume ratio of the n-hexane to the methanol is 0.5: 1-10: 1; the volume percentage concentration of the PDMS diluent is 5 per mill to 3 percent.
5. A superhydrophobic sponge obtained by the method of any one of claims 1-4.
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