CN113387377A - Method for preparing sulfuric acid system brine from low-grade lithium ore and extracting lithium - Google Patents
Method for preparing sulfuric acid system brine from low-grade lithium ore and extracting lithium Download PDFInfo
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- CN113387377A CN113387377A CN202110806136.1A CN202110806136A CN113387377A CN 113387377 A CN113387377 A CN 113387377A CN 202110806136 A CN202110806136 A CN 202110806136A CN 113387377 A CN113387377 A CN 113387377A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/08—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing sulfuric acid system brine from low-grade lithium ore and extracting lithium by roasting and leaching mixed sulfate. The method comprises the working procedures of low-grade lithium mineral and roasting additive batching, material mixing, aging, drying, granulation, roasting, crushing and ball milling, leaching and countercurrent washing. The sulfuric acid system brine with low impurity content and high yield can be prepared by the treatment of the process technology, and is a high-quality raw material for preparing industrial-grade lithium carbonate, battery-grade lithium carbonate and battery-grade lithium hydroxide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal extraction, and particularly relates to a method for preparing sulfuric acid system brine from low-grade lithium ore and extracting lithium.
Background
At present, the main lithium extraction technology comprises the extraction of lithium from pegmatite ores and the extraction of lithium from salt lake brine, and compared with two processes of lithium extraction from lithium ores and lithium extraction from brine, the process of lithium extraction from brine is simple, the recovery rate is high, the cost is low, and the environmental pollution is small. The lithium resource output of the world is mostly derived from extracting lithium from brine, along with the continuous increase of lithium resource demand, the exhaustion of brine resources is accelerated by excessively depending on the lithium extraction from the brine, and simultaneously, the content of magnesium in the brine is higher, and the magnesium and the lithium are difficult to separate, so that the treatment difficulty is increased. Most of lithium resources in China exist in lithium minerals, lithium can be extracted from the lithium-containing minerals to greatly relieve the problem of lithium supply shortage, spodumene and lepidolite are the lithium-containing minerals which are most widely distributed, but with the consumption drive of new energy electric vehicles, the high-content lithium minerals are rapidly reduced, and how to extract lithium from low-grade minerals with high efficiency, environmental protection, low energy consumption and low cost becomes a focus of much attention. The method mainly solves the problem of application feasibility of the technology for producing sulfuric acid system brine and extracting lithium from low-grade lithium minerals in industrial and large-scale production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing sulfuric acid system brine and extracting lithium from low-grade lithium ores by roasting and leaching mixed sulfate. The method comprises the working procedures of low-grade lithium mineral and roasting additive batching, material mixing, aging, drying, granulation, roasting, crushing and ball milling, leaching and countercurrent washing. The sulfuric acid system brine with low impurity content and high yield can be prepared by the treatment of the process technology, and is a high-quality raw material for preparing industrial-grade lithium carbonate, battery-grade lithium carbonate and battery-grade lithium hydroxide.
The technical scheme provided by the invention aiming at the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a method for producing sulfuric acid system brine and extracting lithium from low-grade lithium ores, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: mixing lithium ore and roasting additives of sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 62-66 wt% of the lithium ore, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium hydroxide, 15-19 wt% of the lithium ore, 18-22 wt% of the lithium ore and 1-5 wt% of the lithium ore, stirring for 10-40 min to obtain a mixed material A, wherein the calcium sulfate and the calcium hydroxide are subjected to fluorine fixation treatment in a rotary kiln in advance;
(2) aging: adding industrial-grade sulfuric acid with the content of more than or equal to 98% into the mixed material A in a spraying mode, and aging for 10-24 hours to obtain an aged material, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed material A to the sulfuric acid is 1 ton: 100 kg;
(3) drying: drying the aged material until the water content is less than or equal to 3.5wt% to obtain a dried material;
(4) and (3) granulation: making the dried material into ear-shaped particles with the diameter of 6-7 cm by a granulator;
(5) roasting: roasting the prepared particles in a rotary kiln at 870-900 ℃ for 40-50 min to obtain roasted sand;
(6) ball milling: ball-milling the roasted product by a ball mill to obtain a particle size of 80-200 meshes or less, wherein the solid-to-solid ratio of a leaching solution is = (0.75-0.80) = (1), the water temperature is 40-60 ℃, the ball milling and stirring leaching time is 10-15 min, and after ball milling, solid-liquid separation is carried out by a filter to obtain sulfuric acid system brine and lithium slag;
(7) washing: and (2) washing the lithium slag by adopting three-stage countercurrent, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of washing is 1: 1, the low-content brine obtained after washing is used as a leaching solution in the next leaching process, the concentration of the brine is improved to meet the internal control index requirement of lithium precipitation, the content of total lithium in the washed lithium slag is less than or equal to 0.26%, the content of soluble lithium is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the water content of the lithium slag is controlled to be less than or equal to 18.00%.
Further, the low-grade lithium ore is preferably tantalum-niobium ore tailings with the particle size of 200-300um, and the low-grade lithium ore comprises the following main chemical components: 0.25wt% -0.56 wt% of Li, 6.78wt% -9.83 wt% of K, 1.5wt% -4.27 wt% of Na, 11.57wt% -13.67 wt% of Al, Si: 23.60-24.57 wt%, Fe 0.12-0.76 wt%, Mg 0.10-0.55 wt%, Ca 0.10-0.35 wt%, F3.5-6.56 wt%, Rb 0.52-0.75 wt%, Cs 0.10-0.35 wt%, and the low-grade lithium ore has a water content of 8-25 wt%.
Further, the particle size of the low-grade lithium ore is preferably 240-260um, and the moisture is preferably 8.0 wt% -10 wt%. The particle size and moisture conditions are favorable for full contact and filling effect with roasting additive materials, and before use, the rotary kiln can be used for primary drying treatment of the lepidolite.
Furthermore, the roasting condition agents are dry bases, the moisture content is less than or equal to 2%, and the material aging in the next step is facilitated.
Further, aging under the material ratio and time conditions of the invention can ensure that sulfuric acid is fully contacted with the materials, and the crystal lattices of the lepidolite are opened by acidification, so that the lithium element is released preliminarily.
Furthermore, the proportion of the lithium ore, the sodium sulfate, the calcium sulfate and the calcium hydroxide is preferably 64wt% to 17wt% to 20wt% to 3 wt%.
Furthermore, the moisture of the aged material is more than or equal to 8 percent, the invention can fully utilize the 'air cooling' mode of the waste heat of the tail gas of the rotary kiln, the waste heat is pumped back into the drying kiln to carry out air drying and is integrated into a whole to absorb the moisture, the temperature of the rotary kiln is 105-250 ℃, the rotating speed of a motor is about 450r/min, and the moisture of the dried material is less than or equal to 3.5 percent.
Further, in the step (5) of the present invention, the particles prepared in the step (4) are conveyed to the feed inlet of the rotary kiln by using an elevator. The granulation feeding is adopted, so that the dust floating in a workshop is reduced, a good working environment is created, the ring forming frequency of the kiln is further reduced, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the operation rate of production is improved.
Further, the sulfuric acid system brine obtained in the step (6) can be used as a raw material for preparing industrial-grade lithium carbonate, battery-grade lithium carbonate and battery-grade lithium hydroxide.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium hydroxide in a specific ratio are used as roasting additives, the tantalum-niobium ore lithium tailings with specific composition and particle size are selected as a lithium ore source, sulfuric acid is added in a spraying mode for aging, the particle size interfaces of materials can be in full contact, ordered and rapid reaction is realized, and the extraction efficiency of lithium is further improved. The obtained sulfuric acid system brine has high yield and low impurity content, and is a high-quality raw material for preparing industrial-grade lithium carbonate, battery-grade lithium carbonate and battery-grade lithium hydroxide.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The lithium ore adopted in the embodiment is the tailings of the tantalum-niobium ore, and the particle size is 245 um.
Through inspection, the chemical components of the tantalum-niobium ore tailings are as follows:
Li:0.46wt%，K:7.39 wt%，Na:3.63wt%，Al:12.25wt%，Si：24.14wt%，Fe:0.55wt%，Mg:0.37wt%，Ca:0.22wt%，F:4.83wt%，Rb:0.58wt%，Cs:0.26wt%。
the lithium ore with the particle size is beneficial to full contact and filling effect with a roasting additive material, and before use, the lepidolite is subjected to primary drying treatment by a rotary kiln, and the moisture content is measured to be 8.4 wt%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: mixing lithium ore with roasting additives of sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 64% of lepidolite, 17% of sodium sulfate, 20% of calcium sulfate and 3% of calcium hydroxide, and stirring in a funnel-type mixer for 10-15 min after the lepidolite and the roasting additives are completely prepared, so that the lepidolite and the additives are fully stirred, uniformly mixed and closely contacted to obtain a mixed material A. The additives are dry bases, the water content is less than or equal to 2 percent, and the material aging in the next step is facilitated. Wherein, calcium sulfate and calcium hydroxide are treated by fluorine fixation in a rotary kiln in advance.
(2) Aging: adding industrial-grade sulfuric acid with the content of more than or equal to 98% into the mixed material A in a spraying mode, and aging for 12 hours to obtain an aged material, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed material A to the sulfuric acid is 1 ton: 100 kg; sulfuric acid is contacted with the materials, and the crystal lattices of the lepidolite are opened by acidification, so that the lithium element is released primarily.
(3) Drying: the moisture of the aged material is more than or equal to 8 percent, the material is pumped back into a drying kiln for air drying and drying in an integrated manner to absorb the moisture by fully utilizing the 'air cooling' mode of the waste heat of the tail gas of the rotary kiln, the temperature of the rotary kiln is 200 ℃, the rotating speed of a motor is about 450r/min, and the moisture of the dried material is less than or equal to 3.5 percent, so that the dried material is obtained.
(4) And (3) granulation: making the dried material into ear-shaped particles with the diameter of 6.5cm by a granulator; the prepared particles are conveyed to the feed inlet of the rotary kiln by the elevator, and the granulation feeding is beneficial to reducing dust floating in a workshop, creating a good working environment, further contributing to reducing the ring forming frequency of the kiln, reducing the maintenance cost and improving the operation rate of production.
(5) Roasting: after the prepared particles are conveyed to a rotary kiln, the chemical phenomena of solid-solid mass transfer and phase reconstruction occur to the materials in a high-temperature melting state, the roasting temperature is controlled at 880 ℃, the materials are kept at the relevant temperature for 40min, and the particle size interfaces of the lepidolite and the roasting additive are fully contacted to perform ordered rapid reaction to obtain the roasted sand.
(6) Ball milling: ball-milling the calcine by a ball mill to obtain a particle size of less than or equal to 200 meshes, wherein the solid-to-solid ratio (mass ratio) of a leaching solution is not less than 0.8:1, the water temperature is 50 ℃, ball-milling, stirring and leaching are carried out for 15min, and a filter is used for solid-liquid separation after ball-milling to obtain sulfuric acid system brine and lithium slag;
(7) washing: and (2) washing the lithium slag by adopting three-stage countercurrent, wherein the washed liquid-solid ratio =1.20:1 (mass ratio) is used as a leachate in the next leaching process to obtain low-content brine, the concentration of the brine is improved to meet the internal control index requirement of lithium precipitation, the content of total lithium in the washed lithium slag is 0.23%, the content of soluble lithium is 0.013%, and the moisture content of the lithium slag is controlled to be less than or equal to 18.00%.
The method adopts a specific roasting additive, aims at the tantalum-niobium ore tailings, and roasting the mixed tailings at high temperature to prepare the sulfuric acid system brine which does not contain impurity elements such as W, P, Si, Ti and the like, and has simple process and high impurity removal efficiency, and the obtained sulfuric acid system brine is a high-quality raw material for preparing industrial-grade lithium carbonate, battery-grade lithium carbonate and battery-grade lithium hydroxide. Meanwhile, the efficiency of extracting lithium is higher, and the method is beneficial to industrial application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for producing sulfuric acid system brine and extracting lithium from low grade lithium ore, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing: mixing lithium ore and roasting condition agents including sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 62-66 wt% of the lithium ore, 15-19 wt% of the sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium hydroxide, 18-22 wt% of the calcium sulfate and calcium hydroxide and 1-5 wt% of the lithium ore, stirring for 10-40 min to obtain a mixed material A, wherein the calcium sulfate and the calcium hydroxide are subjected to fluorine fixation treatment in a rotary kiln in advance;
(2) aging: adding industrial-grade sulfuric acid with the content of more than or equal to 98% into the mixed material A in a spraying mode, and aging for 10-24 hours to obtain an aged material, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed material A to the sulfuric acid is 1 ton: 100 kg;
(3) drying: drying the aged material until the water content is less than or equal to 3.5wt% to obtain a dried material;
(4) and (3) granulation: making the dried material into ear-shaped particles with the diameter of 6-7 cm by a granulator;
(5) roasting: roasting the prepared particles in a rotary kiln at 870-900 ℃ for 40-50 min to obtain roasted sand;
(6) ball milling: ball-milling the roasted product by a ball mill to obtain particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 80-200 meshes, wherein the solid-to-solid ratio of a leaching solution is = (0.75-0.8) = (1): 1, the water temperature is 40-60 ℃, the ball milling stirring leaching time is 10-15 min, and after ball milling, solid-liquid separation is carried out by a filter to obtain sulfuric acid system brine and lithium slag;
(7) washing: and (2) washing the lithium slag by adopting three-stage countercurrent, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of washing is 1: 1, the low-content brine obtained after washing is used as a leaching solution in the next leaching process, the total lithium content of the washed lithium slag is less than or equal to 0.26%, the soluble lithium is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the water content of the lithium slag is controlled to be less than or equal to 18.00%.
2. The method for producing sulfuric acid system brine and extracting lithium from low-grade lithium ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: the low-grade lithium ore is tailings of tantalum-niobium ore with the particle size of 200-: 0.25wt% -0.56 wt% of Li, 6.78wt% -9.83 wt% of K, 1.5wt% -4.27 wt% of Na, 11.57wt% -13.67 wt% of Al, Si: 23.60-24.57 wt%, Fe 0.12-0.76 wt%, Mg 0.10-0.55 wt%, Ca 0.10-0.35 wt%, F3.5-6.56 wt%, Rb 0.52-0.75 wt%, Cs 0.10-0.35 wt%, and the low-grade lithium ore has a water content of 8-25 wt%.
3. The method for producing sulfuric acid system brine and extracting lithium from low-grade lithium ore according to claim 1, wherein the moisture of the low-grade lithium ore is 8.0 wt% to 10 wt%.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the ratio of lithium ore, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and calcium hydroxide is 64wt% to 17wt% to 20wt% to 3 wt%.
5. The method for producing sulfuric acid system brine and extracting lithium from low-grade lithium ores according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) can fully utilize a 'air cooling' mode of waste heat of tail gas of a rotary kiln, the tail gas is pumped back into a drying kiln to be dried and dried, and the tail gas is integrated to absorb moisture, wherein the temperature of the rotary kiln is 105-250 ℃, and the rotating speed of a motor is about 450 r/min.
6. The method for producing sulfuric acid system brine and extracting lithium from low-grade lithium ore according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) is to convey the particles prepared in the step (4) to the feeding port of the rotary kiln by using a lifter.
7. The method for producing sulfuric acid system brine and extracting lithium from low-grade lithium ore according to claim 1, wherein the sulfuric acid system brine obtained in the step (6) can be used as a raw material for preparing industrial-grade lithium carbonate, battery-grade lithium carbonate and battery-grade lithium hydroxide.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113957268A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-21 | 江西金辉锂业有限公司 | Method for extracting lithium from lithionite raw material |
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| WO2010105508A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | 中南大学 | Method for extracting lithium salt from low-magnesium/lithium ratio brine of saline with calcium circulation solid-phase conversion process |
| CN110983071A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 江西南氏锂电新材料有限公司 | Method for extracting lithium salt from low-grade lithium ore raw material |
| CN111137908A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-12 | 长沙市原鹏化工科技有限公司 | System method for extracting lithium-containing brine from lepidolite and manufacturing lithium salt |
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- 2021-07-16 CN CN202110806136.1A patent/CN113387377A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2010105508A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | 中南大学 | Method for extracting lithium salt from low-magnesium/lithium ratio brine of saline with calcium circulation solid-phase conversion process |
| CN111137908A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-12 | 长沙市原鹏化工科技有限公司 | System method for extracting lithium-containing brine from lepidolite and manufacturing lithium salt |
| CN110983071A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 江西南氏锂电新材料有限公司 | Method for extracting lithium salt from low-grade lithium ore raw material |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113957268A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-21 | 江西金辉锂业有限公司 | Method for extracting lithium from lithionite raw material |
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Application publication date: 20210914 |