CN113385670A - Sintering tool and sintering method for powder metallurgy brake pad friction block - Google Patents
Sintering tool and sintering method for powder metallurgy brake pad friction block Download PDFInfo
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- CN113385670A CN113385670A CN202110489247.4A CN202110489247A CN113385670A CN 113385670 A CN113385670 A CN 113385670A CN 202110489247 A CN202110489247 A CN 202110489247A CN 113385670 A CN113385670 A CN 113385670A
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, and discloses a sintering tool and a sintering method for a friction block of a powder metallurgy brake pad. The sintering tool for the powder metallurgy brake pad friction block can effectively control the overall appearance of a powder pressed compact to be sintered and the free ductility of the heat dissipation hole, so that the appearance and the contact friction area of the finally sintered friction block are more accurate, the qualification rate of products is improved, the production cost is reduced, the brake area and the brake torque of the brake pad assembled by the friction block and other components are ensured, and the brake performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a sintering tool and a sintering method for a friction block of a brake pad in powder metallurgy.
Background
High-speed rail brake lining materials undergo a process of development from composite materials to powder metallurgy materials. The synthetic material is widely used in the early stage of high-speed rail, but the abrasion of the synthetic brake pad is rapidly increased at the high temperature of 250 ℃, and the defect makes the synthetic brake pad only used on the high-speed rail below 180-200 km/h.
With the rapid development of the railway transportation industry technology, the number of inter-city trains, motor trains and high-speed railway trains increases year by year, corresponding middle and high-load train braking devices and brake pad friction materials are more and more applied, the safety performance and the stability of the braking devices become extremely important, the friction area of the friction materials, the corresponding mechanical property and the friction and abrasion performance need to meet higher requirements to ensure the braking reliability and stability, and the synthetic brake pads obviously cannot meet the application requirements, so the development of the powder metallurgy brake materials is in line with the operation.
The application temperature of the powder metallurgy brake material is obviously improved compared with that of a synthetic material, and when the volume temperature of the brake unit reaches more than 500 ℃ and the flash point temperature reaches about 1000 ℃, the powder metallurgy brake pad can still maintain good brake performance. Because of the advantage of high temperature application, the corresponding application speed and impact toughness of the brake material are obviously improved compared with those of synthetic materials, so that the powder metallurgy brake material gradually replaces the synthetic materials and becomes a new development trend.
The traditional powder metallurgy brake pad is formed by riveting and fixing a steel backing component and a friction block with a heat dissipation hole in the center, and a heat dissipation and powder discharge groove is formed between every two adjacent friction blocks formed by riveting. At present, a friction block is generally formed by sintering a powder compact in a natural state (the powder compact formed by pre-pressing is directly placed in a sintering furnace), and because the powder compact in the sintering process has various directions, the appearance size of a final product cannot be guaranteed, even the heat dissipation performance of the product is seriously influenced, the effective braking area of a final brake pad cannot be controlled, and the service life of the product and the braking safety are further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sintering tool for a friction block of a powder metallurgy brake pad, which is used for solving one or more technical problems in the prior art and at least provides a beneficial selection or creation condition.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a sintering frock for powder metallurgy brake lining clutch blocks, includes supporting block, fixed disk, plug and briquetting, the fixed disk is equipped with the logical groove that link up from top to bottom of the shape assorted of a plurality of and powder pressed compact, the supporting block sets up the bottom that leads to the groove, the briquetting sets up the top that leads to the groove, the briquetting is equipped with the louvre size unanimous positioning hole of a plurality of and powder pressed compact, the plug can run through positioning hole extends to lead to in the groove.
Preferably, the outer contour of the fixed disk is circular, and a central hole is formed in the middle of the fixed disk. The mass of the fixed disk can be reduced by arranging the central hole.
Preferably, the flatness of the supporting block is 0.05-0.1 mm. The support block is mainly used for bearing pressure generated during pressure sintering, and the high-precision flatness not only ensures the stress stability of the powder pressed compact during sintering, but also ensures the quality stability of the powder pressed compact.
Preferably, the perpendicularity and the straightness of the through groove are both 0.05-0.1 mm.
Preferably, the straightness and the cylindricity of the core rod are both 0.05-0.1 mm. During sintering, the effect of plug mainly is during the louvre that inserts the powder pressed compact of treating the sintering, the size of control louvre shrink, and the aperture size precision of louvre can directly influence the contact friction area of whole clutch blocks to influence braking area, consequently the plug guarantees braking area's stability through the precision of control aperture, and then improves the quality and the life-span of product.
Preferably, the support block, the fixed disc, the core rod and the pressing block are all made of graphite.
Preferably, the matching precision of the fixed disc and the pressing block is 0.01-0.02 mm of unilateral clearance, and the matching precision of the core rod and the pressing block is 0.01-0.02 mm of unilateral clearance. The matching precision of each part of the tool is limited, so that when pressure sintering is guaranteed, powder flash layers cannot be formed when powder metallurgy is pressed into unilateral gaps due to pressurization. The fixed disk mainly acts on the restriction when pressurizeing, guarantees the appearance extension size of product, and the effective brake area of brake has been influenced to the accuracy of appearance, and the stability of brake area directly influences the quality and the life of product.
Preferably, the outer contour of the pressing block is an equilateral triangle with round corners, and the number of the positioning through holes is three and the positioning through holes are distributed at the corner end parts of the pressing block in a centrosymmetric manner.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a sintering method of the sintering tool for the friction block of the powder metallurgy brake pad, which comprises the following steps:
1) horizontally placing the fixed disc in a sintering furnace;
2) flatly placing the supporting block at the bottom of the through groove of the fixed disc, and flatly placing the powder compact on the surface of the supporting block;
3) and flatly placing the pressing block on the surface of the powder pressing blank, inserting the core rod into the positioning through hole of the pressing block and the heat dissipation hole of the powder pressing blank, and then performing pressure sintering to obtain the powder metallurgy brake pad friction block.
Preferably, the specific process of the pressure sintering is as follows: and (3) introducing protective gas into the sintering furnace, applying a vertical direction specific pressure of 1.5 +/-0.05 MPa to the pressing block, and then heating the heating furnace to 880 +/-5 ℃ for heat preservation and pressure preservation for 1-3 hours. The protective gas may be a conventional protective gas such as hydrogen, nitrogen, or the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the sintering tool for the friction block of the powder metallurgy brake pad is provided with a plurality of through grooves which are vertically communicated through the fixed disc, the supporting block is arranged at the bottom of each through groove, the pressing block is arranged at the top of each through groove, the supporting block, the pressing block and the groove walls can effectively control the free ductility of a powder pressed compact to be sintered in the through grooves, meanwhile, the pressing block is provided with a plurality of positioning through holes, the core rod is arranged in each positioning through hole, and the core rod can penetrate through the positioning through holes and then be inserted into the heat dissipation holes of the powder pressed compact to be sintered, so that the overall appearance and the contact friction area of the finally sintered friction block are more accurate, the qualification rate of a product is improved, the production cost is reduced, the brake area and the brake torque of the brake pad assembled by components such as the friction block are ensured, and the brake performance is improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a sintering tool for a powder metallurgy brake pad friction block according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sintering tool for a powder metallurgy brake pad friction block according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a standard brake pad according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 100-supporting block, 200-fixing disc, 210-through groove, 220-center hole, 300-core rod, 400-pressing block and 410-positioning through hole.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, if words such as "a plurality" are described, the meaning is one or more, the meaning of a plurality is two or more, more than, less than, more than, etc. are understood as excluding the present number, and more than, less than, etc. are understood as including the present number.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a sintering tool for a friction block of a powder metallurgy brake pad includes a support block 100, a fixed disk 200, a core rod 300, and a compact 400. The fixed disk 200 is provided with a plurality of through grooves 210 which are matched with the shape of a powder pressed compact to be sintered and run through up and down, the fixed disk 200 is made of graphite materials and is machined by using a M700V/M70V numerical control vertical machining center, and machining precision needs to meet the requirement that the perpendicularity and the straightness of the through grooves 210 are 0.05-0.1 mm. The supporting block 100 is made of graphite materials, and is machined by using a numerical control vertical machining center with the model number of M700V/M70V, wherein the machining precision is required to meet the requirement that the flatness of the supporting block 100 is 0.05-0.1 mm. The core rod 300 is made of graphite materials, a numerical control lathe with the model number of CAK3665nj is used for machining, and machining accuracy needs to meet the requirement that the straightness and the cylindricity of the core rod 300 are 0.05-0.1 mm. The support block 100 is disposed at the bottom of the through-groove 210, the compact 400 is disposed at the top of the through-groove 210, the compact 400 is provided with a plurality of positioning through-holes 410 having a size corresponding to the size of the heat dissipation holes of the powder compact, and the core rod 300 may penetrate through the positioning through-holes 410 and extend into the through-groove 210. The fit precision between each part of the sintering tool needs to be met during processing of each part, namely the fit precision of the fixed disc 200 and the pressing block 400 is 0.01-0.02 mm of unilateral clearance, and the fit precision of the core rod 300 and the pressing block 400 is 0.01-0.02 mm of unilateral clearance.
In this embodiment, the outer contour of the fixed disk 200 is circular, and a central hole 220 is formed in the middle of the fixed disk 200. It will be appreciated that the outer profile of the mounting plate 200 may be other shapes, such as square, etc.
The friction block is formed by sintering a powder compact, the outline of the traditional friction block is generally an equilateral triangle with round corners, and at least one heat dissipation hole is arranged. In the present embodiment, the cross section of the through slot 210, the outer contours of the support block 100 and the pressing block 400 are all consistent with the outer contour of the friction block, and are also in the shape of a rounded equilateral triangle. It is understood that the outer contour of the friction block used in particular may also be circular, regular hexagon, etc., and the shapes of the through groove 210, the support block 100 and the pressing block 400 are designed accordingly according to the shape of the friction block to be sintered. The number of the positioning through holes 410 formed in the pressing block 400 in this embodiment is three, and the positioning through holes 410 are centrally and symmetrically distributed at the corner end of the pressing block 400, and correspond to the heat dissipation holes of the powder pressing block to be sintered one to one.
The method for preparing the powder metallurgy brake pad friction block by sintering the sintering tool comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, cleaning the working table of the cover type pressure sintering furnace, and flatly placing the fixed disc 200 on the working table of the cover type pressure sintering furnace;
2) horizontally placing the supporting block 100 at the bottom of the through groove 210 of the fixed disk 200, wherein the bottom surface of the supporting block 100 is level with the bottom surface of the fixed disk 200, and horizontally placing the powder compact formed by pressing on the surface of the supporting block 100;
3) flatly placing the pressing block 400 on the surface of the powder pressed compact, and then inserting the core rod 300 into the positioning through hole 410 of the pressing block 400 and the heat dissipation holes of the powder pressed compact, wherein the height of the core rod 300 is greater than the thickness of the powder pressed compact and less than the sum of the thicknesses of the powder pressed compact and the pressing block 400; covering a graphite panel of a bell-type pressure sintering furnace, sleeving a sintering box body, inputting protective gas into the sintering furnace, applying a vertical direction specific pressure of 1.5 +/-0.05 MPa on a pressing block 400, pressing down a powder pressing blank, then heating a heating furnace to 880 +/-5 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1-3 hours, and taking out the furnace when the temperature of the sintering furnace is reduced to below 100 ℃ to obtain the formed powder metallurgy brake pad friction block. It can be understood that the powder compact to be sintered is arranged in the sintering tool to form a one-layer sintering structure, and the powder compact can be stacked layer by layer to form a multi-layer sintering structure and sintered simultaneously, so that the sintering efficiency is improved.
To prepare a mixture of a plurality of external dimensions with the area of 63.1mm2The friction block with the diameter D of the heat dissipation hole of 10mm and the steel backing component are assembled into a brake area of 2858.5mm2The standard brake pad (shown in figure 3) with the size of the first heat dissipation groove being 2.1mm and the size of the second heat dissipation groove being 3mm is used as a target, the sintering tool and the sintering method of the invention and the traditional sintering method (the pre-pressed powder compact is directly placed in a sintering furnace for sintering) are respectively used for sintering the powder compact with the same specification to prepare the friction block; wherein the overall dimension area is the total area of the friction block minus the area of the heat dissipation holes. The external dimension area of the friction block obtained by the invention is 63.1mm2The diameter D of the heat dissipation hole is 10mm, and the external dimension area of the friction block obtained by the traditional method is 63.9mm2The diameter D of the heat dissipation holes is 9.5mm, and compared with a standard friction block, the invention can obviously improve the sintering precision; meanwhile, a plurality of friction blocks manufactured by the method and the traditional method are respectively assembled with the steel backing component to form the brake pad, and the brake area of the brake pad manufactured by the method is 2858mm2The size of the first heat dissipation groove is 2mm, the size of the second heat dissipation groove is 3mm, and the brake area of the brake pad obtained by the traditional method is 2975.5mm2The size of the first radiating groove is 1mm, the size of the second radiating groove is 1mm, and compared with a standard brake pad, the brake pad assembled by the friction block can ensure the brake area of the brake pad and the accuracy and uniformity of the gap size of each radiating groove, so that the radiating performance of the brake pad is greatly improved, the friction powder is smoothly discharged, and the situation that the powder is thermally bonded into blocks and is processed and hardened to influence the brake performance is avoided.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments shown and described, but is capable of numerous equivalents and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a sintering frock, its characterized in that, includes supporting block, fixed disk, plug and briquetting, the fixed disk is equipped with logical groove that link up from top to bottom of a plurality of, the supporting block sets up the bottom that leads to the groove, the briquetting sets up the top that leads to the groove, the briquetting is equipped with a plurality of positioning hole, the plug can run through positioning hole extends to in leading to the groove.
2. The sintering tool according to claim 1, wherein the outer contour of the fixed disk is circular, and a central hole is formed in the middle of the fixed disk.
3. The sintering tool according to claim 1, wherein the support block has a flatness of 0.05-0.1 mm.
4. The sintering tool according to claim 1, wherein the through groove is 0.05-0.1 mm in perpendicularity and straightness.
5. The sintering tool according to claim 1, wherein the straightness and the cylindricity of the core rod are both 0.05-0.1 mm.
6. The sintering tool according to claim 1, wherein the support block, the fixed disc, the core rod and the pressing block are all made of graphite.
7. The sintering tool according to claim 1, wherein the matching precision of the fixed disc and the pressing block is 0.01-0.02 mm of single-side clearance, and the matching precision of the core rod and the pressing block is 0.01-0.02 mm of single-side clearance.
8. The sintering tool according to claim 1, wherein the outer contour of the pressing block is a rounded equilateral triangle, the number of the positioning through holes is three, and the positioning through holes are distributed at the corner end of the pressing block in a centrosymmetric manner.
9. The sintering tool for the friction block of the powder metallurgy brake pad as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the sintering tool comprises the following steps:
1) horizontally placing the fixed disc in a sintering furnace;
2) flatly placing the supporting block at the bottom of the through groove of the fixed disc, and flatly placing the powder compact on the surface of the supporting block;
3) and flatly placing the pressing block on the surface of the powder pressing blank, inserting the core rod into the positioning through hole of the pressing block and the heat dissipation hole of the powder pressing blank, and then performing pressure sintering to obtain the powder metallurgy brake pad friction block.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the pressure sintering comprises the following specific processes: and (3) introducing protective gas into the sintering furnace, applying a vertical direction specific pressure of 1.5 +/-0.05 MPa to the pressing block, and then heating the heating furnace to 880 +/-5 ℃ for heat preservation and pressure preservation for 1-3 hours.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110489247.4A CN113385670A (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2021-05-06 | Sintering tool and sintering method for powder metallurgy brake pad friction block |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110489247.4A CN113385670A (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2021-05-06 | Sintering tool and sintering method for powder metallurgy brake pad friction block |
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| CN113385670A true CN113385670A (en) | 2021-09-14 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114573355A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-03 | 中材高新氮化物陶瓷有限公司 | Dynamic sintering method of nitride ceramic substrate |
| CN115383113A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-25 | 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 | Pressureless sintering tool and sintering method for friction body assembly of powder metallurgy brake pad |
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| CN111075864A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-28 | 北京北摩高科摩擦材料股份有限公司 | Outer wrapping type friction block for high-speed train brake |
| EP3643431A1 (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2020-04-29 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Components having low aspect ratio |
| CN112024873A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-04 | 山东金麒麟股份有限公司 | Powder metallurgy brake pad sintering method |
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| CN201720429U (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-01-26 | 北京天宜上佳新材料有限公司 | Pressing sintering mold of powder metallurgy brake lining |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114573355A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-03 | 中材高新氮化物陶瓷有限公司 | Dynamic sintering method of nitride ceramic substrate |
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| CN115383113A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-25 | 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 | Pressureless sintering tool and sintering method for friction body assembly of powder metallurgy brake pad |
| CN115383113B (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2023-08-25 | 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 | Pressureless sintering tool and sintering method for powder metallurgy brake pad friction body assembly |
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Application publication date: 20210914 |