CN113385305A - Halogenated benzohydroxamic acid collecting agent and application thereof in mineral flotation - Google Patents

Halogenated benzohydroxamic acid collecting agent and application thereof in mineral flotation Download PDF

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CN113385305A
CN113385305A CN202110884806.1A CN202110884806A CN113385305A CN 113385305 A CN113385305 A CN 113385305A CN 202110884806 A CN202110884806 A CN 202110884806A CN 113385305 A CN113385305 A CN 113385305A
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acid
collector
flotation
collecting agent
halogenated
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李方旭
周晓彤
林日孝
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Institute of Resource Utilization and Rare Earth Development of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Institute of Resource Utilization and Rare Earth Development of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/001—Flotation agents
    • B03D1/004—Organic compounds
    • B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B03D2201/02—Collectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
    • B03D2203/02—Ores

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mineral flotation, and particularly discloses a halogenated benzohydroxamic acid collecting agent and application thereof in mineral flotation. The halogenated benzene hydroxamic acid collecting agent provided by the invention comprises at least one of compounds shown in a formula (I). After halogen modification is carried out on the phenylhydroxamic acid, the hydrophobicity parameter logP of the molecule is actively responded, and the contribution rate of unit molecules to the mineral surface hydrophobicity is remarkably improved by changing the logP of the molecule; compared with the benzalhydroxamic acid, the halogenated benzalhydroxamic acid can change the chelating capacity of the compound on the positioning ions on the surfaces of various minerals, and the chelating group in the molecule generates a new chelating relation to the positioning ions on the surfaces of the minerals, so that the separation efficiency in the mineral flotation process is improved, and the flotation efficiency is improvedThe sorting effect of the system.

Description

Halogenated benzohydroxamic acid collecting agent and application thereof in mineral flotation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral flotation, in particular to a halogenated benzohydroxamic acid collecting agent and application thereof in mineral flotation.
Background
Hydroximic acid collecting agents are widely applied to mineral engineering as flotation collecting agents of copper oxide ores, wolframite and black ores, rare earth ores, tin ores and the like. However, the defects of poor collecting capability, large medicament consumption and the like still exist in the process of adopting hydroximic acid for flotation.
At present, in order to solve the defects of the hydroximic acid collecting agent, researchers of ore dressing and medicaments do a lot of work, and researches are mainly carried out on the aspects of mixing and combining different types of medicaments, improving and modifying the molecular structure of the medicament and the like. For example, chinese patent application publication No. 101579653a discloses a sulfated oleic soap and benzohydroxamic acid combined agent, which aims to overcome the problem of insufficient collecting ability of benzohydroxamic acid. Chinese patent application with publication number 104016883A discloses 2-ethyl-2-hexenyl hydroximic acid and a combined collector and application thereof, and the obtained 2-ethyl-2-hexenyl hydroximic acid has stronger copper mineral collecting capability than benzohydroxamic acid by increasing the length of a carbon chain of a collector molecule.
The applicant also carries out a great deal of research on the flotation and collection of the hydroximic acid collecting agent and aims to develop the efficient hydroximic acid collecting agent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a halogenated benzohydroxamic acid collecting agent, which comprises at least one of compounds shown in a formula (I):
Figure BDA0003193647050000011
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
x is halogen;
n is an integer of 1 to 5.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, X in formula (I) is optionally selected from F, Cl and Br; when n is selected from an integer of 2 or more, the groups represented by X may be the same or different.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, said n in formula (I) is 1 or 2.
Further preferably, when n is 1, X is substituted at the 2-or 6-position of the phenyl ring, i.e. the compound has the formula:
Figure BDA0003193647050000021
when n is 2, X is substituted for 3-position and 4-position of benzene ring, i.e. the structural formula of the compound is as follows:
Figure BDA0003193647050000022
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the collector comprises at least one of o-fluorobenzenehydroxamic acid, 3, 4-difluorobenzenehydroxamic acid, perfluorobenzenehydroxamic acid, o-chlorobenzenehydroxamic acid, and o-bromobenzenehydroxamic acid.
The invention also provides application of the collector in flotation of rare metal oxide ores.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rare metal oxide ore is tin ore, ilmenite or rare earth ore.
According to a preferable embodiment of the invention, the amount of the collector used in the flotation of the rare metal oxide ore is 200-1200 g/t based on the weight of the rare metal oxide ore, namely, 200-1200 g of the collector is added per ton of the rare metal oxide ore.
Further preferably, when the collector is used for tin ore flotation, the using amount of the collector is 200-500 g/t, and more preferably 300-400 g/t.
When the collector is used for ilmenite flotation, the using amount of the collector is 200-300 g/t.
When the collector is used for flotation of rare earth ores, the using amount of the collector is 800-1200 g/t.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, sodium oleate is also added during the flotation of rare metal oxide ores, and a combined collector is formed by the sodium oleate and the collector.
Further preferably, in the combined collector, the mass ratio of the sodium oleate to the collector is (4-6): 1.
in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the collector of the invention has a pH range of 0 to 14 in application.
When the collector is applied to flotation, the conventional flotation process can be adopted for flotation.
Preferably, when the rare metal oxide ore is floated, the inhibitor and the collector or the combined collector of the invention are added according to the weight of the floated rare metal oxide ore for flotation, and the target mineral is obtained.
In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the collector used in the flotation of tin ore is 3, 4-difluorobenzohydroxamic acid or perfluorobenzohydroxamic acid, preferably perfluorobenzohydroxamic acid.
When the collector is used for ilmenite flotation, the adopted collector is a combined collector of any one of o-fluorobenzenehydroxamic acid, o-chlorobenzenehydroxamic acid and o-bromobenzohydroxamic acid and sodium oleate.
When the collector is used for flotation of rare earth ore, the adopted collector is 3, 4-difluorobenzohydroxamic acid or o-fluorobenzenehydroxamic acid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the halogenated benzene hydroxamic acid, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing halogenated benzoic acid and lower alcohol, stirring and refluxing for reaction under the action of an acid catalyst, and distilling under reduced pressure after the reaction to obtain a halogenated benzoate compound shown in a formula (II);
Figure BDA0003193647050000041
s2: dissolving hydroxylamine hydrochloride in an organic solvent, then adding sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide, and filtering the generated inorganic salt to obtain a solution containing hydroxylamine;
s3: and (2) uniformly mixing the prepared solution containing hydroxylamine and the halogenated benzoate compound, then dropwise adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide, and adding concentrated sulfuric acid after the reaction is finished to obtain the halogenated benzoic hydroxamic acid shown in the formula (I).
Preferably, in step S1, the reaction molar ratio of the halogenated benzoic acid to the lower alcohol is 1 (1-10).
Preferably, the lower alcohol in step S1 is methanol, ethanol or butanol.
Preferably, the reaction temperature in step S1 is 80-110 ℃.
Preferably, in step S1, the acid catalyst is one or more of concentrated sulfuric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and p-benzenesulfonic acid.
Preferably, the reduced pressure distillation temperature in step S1 is 80-150 ℃.
Preferably, in step S2, the organic solvent used is any one of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and N, N-dimethylformamide.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the halogenated benzoate to the hydroxylamine in the step S3 is 1 (1-1.3).
Preferably, the temperature of the reaction in the step S3 is 20-50 ℃.
After halogen modification is carried out on the phenylhydroxamic acid, the hydrophobicity parameter logP of the molecule is actively responded, and the contribution rate of unit molecules to the mineral surface hydrophobicity is remarkably improved by changing the logP of the molecule; compared with the benzalhydroxamic acid, the halogenated benzalhydroxamic acid can change the chelating capacity of the compound on the surface positioning ions of each mineral, and the chelating group in the molecule generates a new chelating relation to each positioning ion on the surface of the mineral, so that the separation efficiency in the mineral flotation process is improved, and the separation effect of the flotation system is improved.
Flotation tests show that the collecting capacity of the collecting agent provided by the invention is obviously improved and the using amount of the collecting agent is reduced compared with that of benzohydroxamic acid. The collecting agent provided by the invention has the advantages of strong collecting capability, low using amount and obvious effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of o-fluorobenzenehydroxamic acid prepared by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of o-chlorobenzo hydroxamic acid prepared by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an infrared spectrum of o-bromobenzohydroxamic acid prepared in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an infrared spectrum of o-fluorobenzylhydroxamic acid adsorbed on the surface of cassiterite in example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by specific examples.
In the following examples, the reagents used are all commercially available.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of o-fluorobenzylhydroxamic acid, which comprises the following steps: mixing 10.0g of o-fluorobenzoic acid with 50mL of methanol, then adding 1.0g of concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, heating to 80 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 3 hours, and obtaining a methyl o-fluorobenzoate fraction by reduced pressure distillation (80 ℃);
dissolving 6.45g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 30mL of methanol solution, adding sodium methoxide, and filtering to remove sodium chloride generated in the reaction to obtain hydroxylamine solution;
and (3) uniformly mixing the obtained methyl o-fluorobenzoate and hydroxylamine solution, adding a sodium hydroxide methanol solution, reacting for 5 hours at 30 ℃, and adding concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain the o-fluorobenzylhydroxamic acid, wherein the structural formula is as follows, and the total amount is 14.5 g. The infrared spectrum of o-fluorobenzylhydroxamic acid is shown in figure 1.
Figure BDA0003193647050000051
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of 3, 4-difluorobenzohydroxamic acid, which comprises the following steps: mixing 10.0g of 3, 4-difluorobenzoic acid with 50mL of ethanol, followed by addition of 1.0g of benzenesulfonic acid catalyst, heating to 90 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 5 hours to obtain a 3, 4-difluorobenzoic acid ethyl ester fraction by distillation under reduced pressure (100 ℃);
dissolving 5.27g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 30mL of ethanol solution, adding sodium ethoxide, and filtering to remove sodium chloride generated in the reaction to obtain hydroxylamine solution;
and uniformly mixing the obtained 3, 4-difluorobenzoic acid ethyl ester and hydroxylamine solution, adding a sodium hydroxide ethanol solution, reacting at 50 ℃ for 3 hours, and adding concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain 3, 4-difluorobenzohydroxamic acid, wherein the structural formula is as follows, and the total amount is 12.5 g.
Figure BDA0003193647050000061
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of perfluorobenzene hydroxamic acid, which comprises the following steps: mixing 10.0g of perfluorobenzoic acid with 50mL of butanol, followed by addition of 1.0g of a p-benzenesulfonic acid catalyst, heating to 120 ℃, refluxing with stirring for 7 hours, and obtaining a butyl perfluorobenzoate fraction by distillation under reduced pressure (120 ℃);
dissolving 3.6g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 30mL of chloroform solution, adding sodium ethoxide, and filtering to remove sodium chloride generated in the reaction to obtain hydroxylamine solution;
and uniformly mixing the obtained butyl perfluorobenzoate and hydroxylamine solution, adding sodium hydroxide butanol solution, reacting at 50 ℃ for 6 hours, and adding concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain perfluorobenzene hydroxamic acid, wherein the structural formula is shown in the specification, and the total amount is 10.5 g.
Figure BDA0003193647050000071
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of o-chlorobenzo hydroxamic acid, which comprises the following steps: mixing 10.0g of o-chlorobenzoic acid and 50mL of methanol, then adding 1.0g of p-benzenesulfonic acid catalyst, heating to 120 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 7 hours, and obtaining a methyl o-chlorobenzoate fraction by reduced pressure distillation (150 ℃);
dissolving 5.56g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 30mL of chloroform solution, adding sodium ethoxide, and filtering to remove sodium chloride generated in the reaction to obtain hydroxylamine solution;
and uniformly mixing the obtained methyl o-chlorobenzoate fraction with a hydroxylamine solution, adding a sodium hydroxide chloroform solution, reacting at 40 ℃ for 6 hours, and adding concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain the o-chlorobenzyl hydroxamic acid, wherein the structural formula is as follows, and the total amount is 11.5 g. The infrared spectrum of o-chlorobenzhydroxamic acid is shown in figure 2.
Figure BDA0003193647050000072
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of o-bromobenzene hydroxamic acid, which comprises the following steps: mixing 10.0g of o-bromobenzoic acid with 50mL of methanol, then adding 1.0g of p-benzenesulfonic acid catalyst, heating to 120 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 7 hours, and obtaining a methyl o-bromobenzoate fraction by reduced pressure distillation (120 ℃);
dissolving 4.17g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 30ml of N, N-dimethylformamide solution, adding sodium ethoxide, and filtering to remove sodium chloride generated in the reaction to obtain hydroxylamine solution;
and (3) uniformly mixing the obtained methyl o-bromobenzoate fraction with a hydroxylamine solution, adding a sodium hydroxide methanol solution, reacting at 45 ℃ for 6 hours, and adding concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain 10.62g of o-bromobenzoate hydroxamic acid with the structural formula shown in the specification. The infrared spectrum of o-bromobenzohydroxamic acid is shown in FIG. 3.
Figure BDA0003193647050000081
Of course, other methods of preparation known in the art may also be used to prepare the halobenzohydroxamic acids. Alternatively, they may be purchased.
Flotation experiments were carried out using halogenated benzoic hydroxamic acids, as shown in the following examples. The percentages in the examples are given by mass.
Example 6
In the embodiment, a certain desulfurization tailing in Hunan is subjected to flotation, the desulfurization tailing is fine mud containing cassiterite, wherein the grade of tin is 0.2-0.5%, the granularity of-0.074 mm accounts for 75%, water is added for size mixing to reach 32% of mass concentration, and then Na is added into ore pulp2CO3800g/t, 500g/t of lead nitrate and a collecting agent (400g/t, wherein the specific collecting agent adopted by each experimental group is shown in table 1), and performing primary roughing flotation on the fine mud containing the cassiterite. Collector for flotation and flotation effect dataSee table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003193647050000082
As shown in the XRF data of cassiterite in Table 1, Sn, Fe, Ca, As and SiO in the desulfurization tailings2And Al2O3The content of the tin is respectively 0.4%, 4.4%, 4.75%, 0.23%, 68.80% and 13.98% by mass, and the grade of the tin is uniformly improved after the primary roughing.
As can be seen from Table 1, different halogenated benzalhydroxamic acids have different tin enrichment effects, and the enrichment effect of perfluorobenzalhydroxamic acid is the best. The weakening phenomenon of the enriching capacity of different halogenated benzohydroxamic acids on Fe, Ca and As shows that the chelating capacity of the collecting agent is changed compared with that of the benzohydroxamic acid, so that the ore containing different elements is selectively enriched.
In addition, o-fluorobenzylhydroxymic acid is also used as a collecting agent to treat the cassiterite pulp, and an infrared spectrogram of the o-fluorobenzylhydroxymic acid adsorbed on the surface of the cassiterite is shown in figure 4. As can be seen from the figure, the characteristic peak of o-fluorobenzylhydroxamic acid appears on the surface of the cassiterite, which indicates that the medicament can be adsorbed on the surface of a mineral under the activation of non-lead ions.
Example 7
In the embodiment, a certain desulfurization tailing in Guangxi province is subjected to flotation, the desulfurization tailing is fine mud containing cassiterite, the grade of tin is 0.2-0.5%, the granularity of-0.074 mm accounts for 80%, water is added for size mixing to reach 32% of mass concentration, and then Na is added into ore pulp2CO31200g/t, 500g/t of lead nitrate and a collecting agent (the specific collecting agent and the using amount adopted by each experimental group are shown in table 2), and performing primary roughing flotation on the fine mud containing the tin. The collector and flotation effect data used in flotation are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003193647050000091
As can be seen from the data in the table above, after the primary rough concentration, the recovery rate of the benzohydroxamic acid to the cassiterite is 55.27%, and the dosage of the medicament is 400 g/t. The recovery rate of the perfluorobenzene hydroxamic acid to the cassiterite is 76.20 percent, and the dosage of the medicament is 350 g/t. Compared with benzohydroxamic acid, the collecting capacity of the perfluorobenzohydroxamic acid is enhanced by 20.93%, and the dosage of the medicament is less by 12.5%.
Example 8
This example performed flotation of a certain ilmenite from Sichuan, which contains TiO2The content is 21.58 percent, the granularity is-0.074 mm and accounts for 82.65 percent, water is added for size mixing to reach the mass concentration of 32 percent, and then H is added into the ore pulp2SO41200g/t of water glass, 1000g/t of water glass and 1200g/t of combined collecting agent, and carrying out primary roughing flotation. The collector and flotation effect data used in flotation are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003193647050000101
From the above table, after the first roughing, compared with the combined collector of sodium oleate and benzalkonium hydroxide, the experiment group using the combined collector of sodium oleate and ortho-fluorobenzenehydroxamic acid, the combined collector of sodium oleate and ortho-chlorobenzenehydroxamic acid, and the combined collector of sodium oleate and ortho-bromobenzenehydroxamic acid was used to obtain TiO in the concentrate2The grade of the product is uniform and is increased, the grade of the concentrate is over 35 percent, wherein the enrichment effect of the o-bromobenzene hydroxamic acid and sodium oleate combined reagent is the best, the recovery rate reaches 71.30 percent, and the grade of the concentrate is 35.81 percent.
Example 9
In the embodiment, flotation is performed on certain rare earth-containing tailings of inner Mongolia, the granularity of-0.074 mm of the rare earth tailings is 83.21%, wherein the content of bastnaesite is 4.87%, the content of fluorite is 32.15%, the content of hematite is 20.46%, and the total content of silicate minerals such as amphibole, pyroxene, quartz, feldspar and the like is 23.69%.
Adding water to size the rare earth tailings to 32% of mass concentration, then adding 3000g/t of water glass into the ore pulp, wherein the pH value of the ore pulp is 9, then adding 1000g/t of collecting agent and 40g/t of No. 2 oil, and carrying out primary roughing flotation. The collector and flotation effect data used in flotation are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0003193647050000111
As can be seen from the table above, after the primary roughing, the REO concentrate grade is 19.31-21.12%, wherein the concentration effect of o-fluorobenzenehydroxamic acid is the best, the recovery rate reaches 75.50%, and the concentrate grade is 20.12%.

Claims (10)

1. A halogenated benzohydroxamic acid collector, which is characterized by comprising at least one compound shown as a formula (I):
Figure FDA0003193647040000011
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
x is halogen;
n is an integer of 1 to 5.
2. A collector according to claim 1, wherein X is arbitrarily selected from F, Cl and Br groups; when n is selected from an integer of 2 or more, the groups represented by X may be the same or different.
3. A collector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the n is 1 or 2.
4. A collector according to claim 3 wherein the collector comprises at least one of o-fluorobenzenehydroxamic acid, 3, 4-difluorobenzenehydroxamic acid, perfluorobenzenehydroxamic acid, o-chlorobenzenehydroxamic acid and o-bromobenzenehydroxamic acid.
5. Use of the collector of any one of claims 1 to 4 in the flotation of rare metal oxide ores.
6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that the rare-metal oxide ore is tin ore, ilmenite or rare-earth ore.
7. The application of the collector according to claim 6, wherein the amount of the collector used in the flotation of the rare metal oxide ore is 200-1200 g/t; preferably, when the collecting agent is used for tin ore flotation, the using amount of the collecting agent is 200-500 g/t; and/or when the collecting agent is used for ilmenite flotation, the using amount of the collecting agent is 200-300 g/t; and/or when the collector is used for the flotation of the rare earth ore, the using amount of the collector is 800-1200 g/t.
8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that during the flotation of rare metal oxide ores, sodium oleate is also added to form a combined collector with the collector.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the combined collector has a mass ratio of sodium oleate to the collector of (4-6): 1.
10. the application of any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein when the collector is used for tin ore flotation, the collector is 3, 4-difluorobenzohydroxamic acid or perfluorobenzohydroxamic acid; and/or when the collector is used for ilmenite flotation, the adopted collector is a combined collector of any one of o-fluorobenzenehydroxamic acid, o-chlorobenzenehydroxamic acid and o-bromobenzohydroxamic acid and sodium oleate; and/or when the collector is used for flotation of rare earth ores, the adopted collector is 3, 4-difluorobenzohydroxamic acid or o-fluorobenzhydroxamic acid.
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CN114534925A (en) * 2022-03-24 2022-05-27 贵州川恒化工股份有限公司 Collophanite collecting agent and preparation method thereof
CN114632625A (en) * 2022-03-24 2022-06-17 贵州川恒化工股份有限公司 Collophanite flotation method

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CN108554643A (en) * 2018-04-18 2018-09-21 广东省资源综合利用研究所 Decyl Salicyl Hydroximic Acid and its application
CN111285785A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-16 广东省资源综合利用研究所 Synthetic method of hydroximic acid collecting agent

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GB1414039A (en) * 1972-12-27 1975-11-12 Bergau Und Huettenkombinat Alb Process for the flotation of tin ores
CN101579653A (en) * 2009-06-10 2009-11-18 广州有色金属研究院 Benefication method for concentrating fine tungsten ore in tailings by warming scheelite
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114534925A (en) * 2022-03-24 2022-05-27 贵州川恒化工股份有限公司 Collophanite collecting agent and preparation method thereof
CN114632625A (en) * 2022-03-24 2022-06-17 贵州川恒化工股份有限公司 Collophanite flotation method
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CN114632625B (en) * 2022-03-24 2023-07-18 贵州川恒化工股份有限公司 Flotation method of collophanite

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