CN113378975A - Method for evaluating difference of risk perception capability of electrician operating personnel - Google Patents
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Abstract
An assessment method for difference of risk perception capability of electrician operators. At present, a method suitable for evaluating the risk perception capability of electrician operators is lacked. A difference evaluation method for risk perception capability of electrician operators collects eye movement characteristics of tested personnel in risk search under different working environments; on the basis of the previous step, the sensitivity of the testee in different danger types is obtained; determining eye movement characteristics of a tested person under different demographic characteristics when risk search is carried out; processing the acquired eye movement data; determining a data set of a risk perception prediction model; therefore, the eye movement data and the risk perception capability are combined, the difference of the risk perception capability is quantified by the eye movement data, and the risk perception capability of the operating personnel is identified. The risk perception capability assessment of the electrician working personnel is realized by the technical means of risk perception difference analysis and a risk perception capability prediction model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating difference of risk perception capability of electrician operators.
Background
At present, related researches on the aspect of human risk perception in China are few, and similar researches are as follows: and the safety risk perception condition of the operator of the construction enterprise is reflected through the reaction condition of field experiment research workers to the danger warning and questionnaire survey. The level of risk identification in various industries is far below ideal, and failure to identify a risk can result in injury to employees. Risk awareness is a complex and multidimensional cognitive process, and the failure of employees to identify potential risks and unsafe actions to take in dangerous situations is often due to the lack of awareness of the danger. As can be seen from previous studies, behavioral data of eye movements, which are the most direct manifestations of attention, can provide valuable information about the attention of observers and their course of behavior in dangerous situations. Eye tracking technology is one of the most common techniques for measuring the behavior of the oculomotor nerve and the visual attention. Such techniques help researchers investigate the effect of various stimuli (independent variables) on the observer's eye movement (dependent variables). As the accuracy and accessibility of eye tracking systems have increased over the years, this technology has found widespread use in many disciplines.
Among many accidents, electric shock accidents also have a great proportion. In order to solve the accident caused by the fact that electrician operators do not find danger and improve the risk perception capability and production safety of the employees, it is important to develop an assessment method aiming at the risk perception capability of the electrician operators.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that a method for evaluating the risk perception capability of electrician operators is lacked at present, and provides a method for evaluating the difference of the risk perception capability of the electrician operators.
A method for evaluating difference of risk perception abilities of electrician operators is realized by the following steps:
step one, eye movement characteristics of a tested person in different working environments are collected when risk search is carried out on the tested person;
secondly, acquiring the sensitivity of the testee in different danger types on the basis of the step one;
thirdly, determining eye movement characteristics of the tested person under different demographic characteristics when the tested person carries out risk search;
processing the acquired eye movement data;
step five, determining a data group of the risk perception prediction model;
therefore, the eye movement data and the risk perception capability are combined, the difference of the risk perception capability is quantified by the eye movement data, and the risk perception capability of the operating personnel is identified.
Preferably, the process of acquiring eye movement characteristics of the person to be tested in the different working environments during risk search includes:
the method comprises the steps of collecting eye movement characteristics of a tested object in a danger searching process by using an eye movement instrument, reflecting danger searching characteristics of the tested object through eye movement characteristic differences under different scenes, and taking actual operation scene pictures containing danger characteristic information as experimental materials for simulating working situations containing danger targets.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the sensitivity of the subject in different risk types in the step two specifically includes:
generating a gaze track graph and a gaze heat point graph by acquiring the eye movement characteristics of a tested eye; respectively acquiring interesting regions of a scene by using a computer algorithm and an eye tracker, and comparing the difference between the positions of different interesting regions to obtain the characteristics and rules of the difference of search results in different types of dangerous scenes;
preferably, the determining of the eye movement characteristics of the tested person in the risk search under different demographic characteristics in the step three is to perform a difference study through three characteristics of work age, knowledge level and work type.
Preferably, the processing of the data of the acquired eye movement data in the fourth step specifically includes:
and (3) carrying out significance difference detection on the data by adopting a nonparametric detection method, namely: classifying and comparing the obtained eye movement data, and searching the difference characteristics and rules of the eye movement characteristics;
preferably, the step of determining the data set of the risk perception prediction model in the fifth step is to use the eye movement index as a prediction factor of the risk identification skill and human error through obtaining and difference analysis of various eye movement data in the risk perception process of the human subject; the method comprises the steps of constructing a prediction model by using eye movement data acquired in an experimental process and combining a statistical analysis method, and identifying a subject with poor risk perception capability; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) the process of obtaining risk perception specific features and rules of the subject is as follows:
according to the feeling characteristics and cognitive result characteristics of different operators on dangerous targets in different operation scenes, the eye movement characteristic difference, the feeling result difference of the dangerous targets and the cognitive result difference of the testee and the testee in the feeling process of the dangerous targets are obtained through the ways of experiments and psychological measurement, the difference phenomena are analyzed, and the danger perception specific characteristics and rules of the testee are discovered in a difference comparison mode;
(2) the process of identifying a subject with poor risk perception is:
according to the performance data of a subject in the risk identification process, dividing the subject into high, medium and low-grade risk perception capability groups, selecting representative data supports serving as risk perception prediction models from the obtained eye movement indexes, determining the linear combination performance of the risk identification on the eye movement indexes by using a discriminant analysis method, and then applying the indexes to predict group members.
Preferably, the process of acquiring the eye movement characteristics of the subject in the danger searching process by using the eye tracker comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of utilizing an eye tracker to obtain an object watched by eyes in the visual search process of a tested object and corresponding sight line dwell time, namely the watching point position and the watching duration of a watching point, and using the object watched by the eyes as the visual search characteristic of the tested object.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of training the subject by providing feedback to the subject via the scan path and the attention map generated by the eye tracking technique, whereby the subject is informed of the deficiency in the search process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the problem of insufficient risk perception capability of electrician operators in engineering practice is focused according to the characteristics of electrician operation environment and operators, the influence of group and individual characteristics of the operators on risk perception characteristics is highlighted, and the specific characteristics and rules of risk perception are explored and disclosed. According to the method, a core mechanism of a risk perception mechanism of an operator is disclosed, the characteristics of an operation environment and operation activities are highlighted, the risk susceptibility difference of different construction scenes is analyzed, the operation mechanism of a risk search mechanism with target guidance and task driving integrated is disclosed, the reaction characteristics of the operator when the operator feels risk stimulation are explored, the operation characteristics of the risk perception mechanism are disclosed, and the reaction characteristics of processing and processing of risk information are explored. Revealing the difference of risk perception process and result of the operator; and acquiring the difference of danger perception processes and results of workers with different characteristics on different objects in different types of scenes, thereby revealing the difference of danger perception processes and results such as danger sensitivity change, danger cognition result deviation, danger cognition development bottleneck and the like. Constructing a risk perception capability prediction model of the operating personnel; eye movement data in the risk identification process of the operators are obtained, on the basis, the risk perception capability of the operators is predicted by using a mathematical statistical analysis method, a prediction model is built, and accurate risk perception capability is performed. And developing a personalized safety training mode aiming at the poor risk perception of the operators.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the algorithm of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
according to the method for evaluating the difference of the risk perception abilities of the electrician operators, the problem that the risk perception abilities of the electrician operators are not enough in the engineering practice is focused, the influence of the group and individual characteristics of the operators on the risk perception characteristics is highlighted, and the specific characteristics and rules of risk perception are explored and disclosed. The main research contents are divided into a risk perception difference analysis model and a risk perception capability prediction model, and as shown in fig. 1, the method is realized through the following steps:
step one, eye movement characteristics of a tested person in different working environments are collected when risk search is carried out on the tested person;
secondly, acquiring the sensitivity of the testee in different danger types on the basis of the step one;
thirdly, determining eye movement characteristics of the tested person under different demographic characteristics when the tested person carries out risk search;
processing the acquired eye movement data;
step five, determining a data group of the risk perception prediction model;
therefore, the eye movement data and the risk perception capability are combined, the difference of the risk perception capability is quantified by the eye movement data, and the risk perception capability of the operating personnel is identified.
(1) The invention discloses a core mechanism of a risk perception mechanism of an operator;
the method has the advantages that the characteristics of the operation environment and the operation activity are highlighted, the difference of danger susceptibility of different construction scenes is analyzed, the operation mechanism of a danger search mechanism with the integration of target guidance and task driving is disclosed, the reaction characteristics of operators when feeling danger stimulation are explored, the operation characteristics of a danger cognition mechanism are disclosed, and the reaction characteristics of danger information processing and handling are explored.
(2) Revealing the difference of risk perception process and result of the operator;
and acquiring the difference of danger perception processes and results of workers with different characteristics on different objects in different types of scenes, thereby revealing the difference of danger perception processes and results such as danger sensitivity change, danger cognition result deviation, danger cognition development bottleneck and the like.
(3) Constructing a risk perception capability prediction model of the operating personnel;
and (3) acquiring eye movement data in the risk identification process of the operator, predicting the risk perception capability of the operator by using a mathematical statistical analysis method on the basis of the eye movement data, and constructing a prediction model.
The second embodiment is as follows:
different from the first specific embodiment, in the method for evaluating difference in risk perception capability of electrician workers according to the first embodiment, the process of acquiring eye movement characteristics of a tested person in risk search in different working environments includes:
the method comprises the steps that an eye tracker is used for collecting eye movement characteristics of a tested object in a danger searching process, danger searching characteristics of the tested object are reflected through eye movement characteristic differences of the tested object in different scenes, and an actual operation scene photo containing danger characteristic information is used as an experiment material and is used for simulating a working situation containing a danger target; the method is used for meeting the requirements of visual search of operators and research on difference of risk perception capability; the operation scene types for the experimental materials are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The third concrete implementation mode:
different from the second specific embodiment, in the method for evaluating difference in risk perception capability of electrician workers according to the second specific embodiment, the process of obtaining the sensitivity of the testee in different risk types in the second step is specifically as follows:
generating a gaze track graph and a gaze heat point graph by acquiring the eye movement characteristics of a tested eye; and respectively acquiring interesting regions of the scene by using a computer algorithm and an eye tracker, and comparing the difference between the positions of different interesting regions to obtain the characteristics and rules of the difference of the search results in different types of dangerous scenes.
The fourth concrete implementation mode:
different from the third specific embodiment, in the method for evaluating the difference in risk perception capability of the electrician operator according to the third embodiment, the eye movement characteristics of the tested person in the risk search under different demographic characteristics are determined in the third step, and difference research is performed through three characteristics of work age, knowledge level and work type.
The fifth concrete implementation mode:
different from the fourth specific embodiment, in the method for evaluating difference in risk perception capability of electrician workers according to the fourth specific embodiment, the process of processing the acquired eye movement data in the fourth step is specifically:
and (3) carrying out significance difference detection on the data by adopting a nonparametric detection method, namely: classifying and comparing the obtained eye movement data, and searching for the difference characteristic and the law of the eye movement characteristics so as to improve the objectivity of data analysis and reduce the interference of subjective factors;
the sixth specific implementation mode:
different from the fifth specific embodiment, in the method for evaluating the difference in risk perception capability of the electrician operator according to the fifth specific embodiment, the step of determining the data group of the risk perception prediction model in the fifth step is to use the eye movement index as a prediction factor of the risk recognition skill and the human error by acquiring and performing difference analysis on various eye movement data in the risk perception process of the subject; the method comprises the steps of constructing a prediction model by using eye movement data acquired in an experimental process and combining a statistical analysis method, identifying a subject with poor risk perception capability, and carrying out targeted safety training according to a part with poor risk perception capability;
the difference in risk perception of the worker is generally divided into two forms:
1) the difference exists between the main perception of the personnel to the dangerous target and the objective reality of the dangerous target, namely the wrong recognition and judgment of the workers to the dangerous target;
2) the main perception of the dangerous target among different operators is different, namely, different workers have different cognition, judgment and views on the dangerous target;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) the process of obtaining risk perception specific features and rules of the subject is as follows:
according to the feeling characteristics and cognitive result characteristics of different operators on dangerous targets in different operation scenes, the eye movement characteristic difference, the feeling result difference of the dangerous targets and the cognitive result difference of the testee and the testee in the feeling process of the dangerous targets are obtained through the ways of experiments and psychological measurement, the difference phenomena are analyzed, and the danger perception specific characteristics and rules of the testee are discovered in a difference comparison mode;
(2) the process of identifying a subject with poor risk perception is:
dividing a testee into high, medium and low-grade risk perception capability groups according to performance data of the testee in a risk identification process, selecting representative data support serving as a risk perception prediction model from the obtained eye movement indexes, determining the linear combination performance of the risk identification in the eye movement indexes by using a discriminant analysis method, and predicting group members by using the indexes; that is, by calculating the discrimination score using the eyes of the worker, the worker is classified into different groups according to the danger recognition skills of the worker.
The seventh embodiment:
different from the sixth specific embodiment, in the method for evaluating difference in risk perception capability of an electrician worker according to the sixth embodiment, the process of acquiring the eye movement characteristics of the person to be tested in the risk search process by using the eye tracker includes:
the method comprises the steps of utilizing an eye tracker to obtain an object watched by eyes in the visual search process of a tested object and corresponding sight line dwell time, namely the watching point position and the watching duration of a watching point, and using the object watched by the eyes as the visual search characteristic of the tested object. According to the characteristics of experimental equipment and the actual research needs, the selected experimental indexes are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 eye movement index
The specific implementation mode is eight:
different from the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh embodiments, the method for evaluating the difference between the risk perception abilities of the electrician workers according to the present embodiment is characterized in that: the method also includes the step of subject training by providing personalized and focused feedback to the subjects through the scan path and attention map generated by eye tracking technology, communicating deficiencies in the search process to the subjects through the feedback to trigger self-reflexions and subsequently improve their risk identification performance.
According to the method, the eye movement data of the employees in different cognitive levels are analyzed, and the risk perception capability, the difference of the risk identification technology and the general rule are obtained through the modes of experiments, psychological measurement and the like. Therefore, the root causes of unsafe behaviors and safety accidents of operators are obtained based on the angle of people. In the staff training post and the safety education, a targeted risk perception capability personalized training link can be set according to different characteristics of operators and workplaces so as to improve the risk perception capability, facilitate the staff to better find danger, identify danger and accurately evaluate the danger, and play an important role in preventing and reducing accidents.
Claims (8)
1. A difference assessment method for risk perception capability of electrician operators is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is realized by the following steps:
step one, eye movement characteristics of a tested person in different working environments are collected when risk search is carried out on the tested person;
secondly, acquiring the sensitivity of the testee in different danger types on the basis of the step one;
thirdly, determining eye movement characteristics of the tested person under different demographic characteristics when the tested person carries out risk search;
processing the acquired eye movement data;
step five, determining a data group of the risk perception prediction model;
therefore, the eye movement data and the risk perception capability are combined, the difference of the risk perception capability is quantified by the eye movement data, and the risk perception capability of the operating personnel is identified.
2. The method for evaluating the difference in the risk perception abilities of electrician workers according to claim 1, wherein: step one, the process of collecting eye movement characteristics of a tested person in risk search in different working environments specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of collecting eye movement characteristics of a tested object in a danger searching process by using an eye movement instrument, reflecting danger searching characteristics of the tested object through eye movement characteristic differences under different scenes, and taking actual operation scene pictures containing danger characteristic information as experimental materials for simulating working situations containing danger targets.
3. The method for evaluating the difference in the risk perception abilities of electrician workers according to claim 2, wherein: the process of obtaining the sensitivity of the testee in different danger types described in the second step specifically includes:
generating a gaze track graph and a gaze heat point graph by acquiring the eye movement characteristics of a tested eye; and respectively acquiring interesting regions of the scene by using a computer algorithm and an eye tracker, and comparing the difference between the positions of different interesting regions to obtain the characteristics and rules of the difference of the search results in different types of dangerous scenes.
4. The method for evaluating the difference in the risk perception abilities of electrician workers according to claim 3, wherein: and step three, determining eye movement characteristics of the tested person under different demographic characteristics when carrying out risk search, namely carrying out difference research through three characteristics of work age, knowledge level and work type.
5. The method for evaluating the difference in the risk perception abilities of electrician workers according to claim 4, wherein: the process of processing the acquired eye movement data specifically includes:
and (3) carrying out significance difference detection on the data by adopting a nonparametric detection method, namely: and classifying and comparing the obtained eye movement data, and searching the difference characteristic and the law of the eye movement characteristics.
6. The method for evaluating the difference in the risk perception abilities of electrician workers according to claim 5, wherein: step five, determining a data set of the risk perception prediction model, namely, taking eye movement indexes as prediction factors of risk identification skills and human errors through obtaining and analyzing differences of various eye movement data in the risk perception process of the testee; the method comprises the steps of constructing a prediction model by using eye movement data acquired in an experimental process and combining a statistical analysis method, and identifying a subject with poor risk perception capability; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) the process of obtaining risk perception specific features and rules of the subject is as follows:
according to the feeling characteristics and cognitive result characteristics of different operators on dangerous targets in different operation scenes, the eye movement characteristic difference, the feeling result difference of the dangerous targets and the cognitive result difference of the testee and the testee in the feeling process of the dangerous targets are obtained through the ways of experiments and psychological measurement, the difference phenomena are analyzed, and the danger perception specific characteristics and rules of the testee are discovered in a difference comparison mode;
(2) the process of identifying a subject with poor risk perception is:
according to the performance data of a subject in the risk identification process, dividing the subject into high, medium and low-grade risk perception capability groups, selecting representative data supports serving as risk perception prediction models from the obtained eye movement indexes, determining the linear combination performance of the risk identification on the eye movement indexes by using a discriminant analysis method, and then applying the indexes to predict group members.
7. The method for evaluating the difference in the risk perception abilities of electrician workers according to claim 6, wherein: the process of acquiring the eye movement characteristics of the tested person in the danger searching process by using the eye tracker comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of utilizing an eye tracker to obtain an object watched by eyes in the visual search process of a tested object and corresponding sight line dwell time, namely the watching point position and the watching duration of a watching point, and using the object watched by the eyes as the visual search characteristic of the tested object.
8. The method for evaluating the difference in risk perception abilities of electrician workers according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, wherein: the method further comprises the step of training the subject by providing feedback to the subject via the scan path and the attention map generated by the eye tracking technique, whereby the subject is informed of the deficiency in the search process.
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