CN113376309B - Method for determining starting scheme of hydrogen peroxide rocket engine catalytic bed - Google Patents
Method for determining starting scheme of hydrogen peroxide rocket engine catalytic bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN113376309B CN113376309B CN202011627167.2A CN202011627167A CN113376309B CN 113376309 B CN113376309 B CN 113376309B CN 202011627167 A CN202011627167 A CN 202011627167A CN 113376309 B CN113376309 B CN 113376309B
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- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/10—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using catalysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J2005/0077—Imaging
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining a starting scheme of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine catalyst bed, which comprises the steps of carrying out a bubble sheet test, designing a starting time sequence, carrying out a catalytic test, correcting the starting time sequence and obtaining the starting scheme. The method includes the steps that a bubble piece test is utilized to simulate the decomposition condition of hydrogen peroxide in the rocket engine, a starting time sequence is designed for a valve according to the result of the bubble piece test, a catalytic test is carried out in the rocket engine according to the starting time sequence, and then the starting time sequence corresponding to the next catalytic test group is corrected according to the result of the catalytic test, so that the starting time sequence is gradually improved. Finally, the last start-up sequence is revised again and used as a start-up scheme. The process can design a starting scheme which is completely matched with a catalytic bed of the rocket engine in a targeted manner, improve the starting speed of the catalytic bed, avoid the combustion chamber in the ignition stage from having an excessively high ignition pressure peak, and further eliminate the danger of deflagration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rocket engines, in particular to a method for determining a starting scheme of a catalytic bed of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine.
Background
The hydrogen peroxide as a propellant has the excellent characteristics of green, no toxicity and the like, so that the hydrogen peroxide is widely applied to rocket engines and has the main function of serving as an oxidant. At present, a series of researches have been made on the ignition scheme of a rocket engine using hydrogen peroxide as a propellant, and catalytic ignition is also widely adopted as one of the ignition schemes and is widely applied.
Compared with other solutions, the catalytic ignition solution uses a catalytic bed through which the liquid hydrogen peroxide is rapidly decomposed into water and oxygen, and is fed into the combustion chamber in the form of a gaseous phase at the outlet of the catalytic bed, which is more advantageous for ignition start and complete combustion than direct injection of liquid.
Currently, there have been many studies on hydrogen peroxide catalytic beds for catalytic ignition schemes, which mainly aim at improving the catalytic bed performance, increasing the catalytic efficiency and thus improving the engine performance. However, studies on the starting scheme of the catalytic bed have not been made in depth, such as the time interval of supplying hydrogen peroxide to the catalytic bed, the amount of hydrogen peroxide supplied each time, and the like.
On the one hand, the starting speed of the catalytic bed is an important index for measuring the performance of the catalytic bed, and the starting speed depends on the perfection of the starting scheme. On the other hand, if the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed does not adopt a reasonable starting scheme, a large amount of liquid hydrogen peroxide which is not catalytically decomposed exists in the product at the outlet of the catalytic bed, so that the combustion chamber in the ignition stage has an ignition pressure peak and the risk of deflagration exists.
Different catalyst beds are suitable for different start-up variants, whereas prior catalyst beds are not specifically designed for a start-up variant that is perfectly adapted to the particular start-up variant during operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the starting scheme which is completely matched with a catalytic bed cannot be designed in a targeted mode in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for determining the starting scheme of the catalytic bed of the hydrogen peroxide rocket engine.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for determining a starting scheme of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine catalytic bed is applied to a rocket engine, the rocket engine comprises a catalytic bed assembly, the catalytic bed assembly comprises a shell and a catalytic bed body made of silver mesh, the inlet end of the shell is connected with a head cavity, the outlet end of the shell is connected with a combustion chamber, the catalytic bed body is positioned in the shell, and the inlet end of the head cavity is connected with a supply system through a valve;
the method for determining the starting scheme of the hydrogen peroxide rocket engine catalytic bed comprises the following steps:
carrying out a plurality of groups of bubble piece tests on the silver mesh;
designing a first starting time sequence for the valve according to the result of the first group of bubble piece tests, wherein the starting time sequence comprises opening time length, closing time length and closing times, and the opening time length and the closing time length are alternately arranged;
controlling the valve to open within a time period corresponding to the opening time period and close within a time period corresponding to the closing time period according to a first starting sequence so as to supply hydrogen peroxide into the shell for a first group of catalytic tests, and observing the flowing and accumulation conditions of the outlet end product of the shell in the combustion chamber;
by analogy, designing the (n + 1) th starting time sequence for the valve according to the result of the (n + 1) th group of bubble sheet tests, correcting the (n + 1) th starting time sequence according to the flowing and accumulating conditions in the (n) th group of catalytic tests, and performing the (n + 1) th group of catalytic tests according to the (n + 1) th starting time sequence, wherein n is a positive integer; and
and correcting the last starting time sequence again according to the flowing and accumulating conditions in the last group of catalytic tests, and taking the corrected last starting time sequence as the starting scheme.
As a further alternative to the method for determining the start-up protocol of the catalytic bed of the hydrogen peroxide rocket engine, the performing a multi-group bubble sheet test on the silver mesh comprises:
sampling the silver mesh of the same production batch as the catalytic bed body, and cutting the silver mesh into slices with consistent size and quality;
arranging a plurality of groups of beakers, and injecting hydrogen peroxide into the beakers, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide injected into the beakers is the same as that of the hydrogen peroxide used by the rocket engine;
putting the slices into a first group of beakers and starting timing, finishing timing when hydrogen peroxide in the beakers is completely decomposed, and acquiring the overall quality information of the beakers through a sensor in the timing process to obtain a quality change curve;
by analogy, putting the slices after the catalysis is completed in the mth group of beakers into the (m + 1) th group of beakers, wherein m is a positive integer, repeating the processes of timing and collecting quality information, and obtaining the corresponding quality change curve; and
setting a first critical value, and finishing the blister test when the difference between the time lengths required by the complete decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide in the two adjacent groups of beakers is less than or equal to the first critical value.
As a further alternative to the method for determining the start-up scheme of the catalytic bed of the hydrogen peroxide rocket engine, the designing an nth start-up sequence for the valve according to the result of the n-th group of the blister test, where n is a positive integer, includes:
recording the volume flow of the valve as Q v The volume of said catalytic bed body is denoted as V t1 The volume of the head cavity is recorded as V s According to the porosity parameter of the silver mesh provided by the manufacturer
Then the turn-on duration is
Note that the mass of the slice is m 1 Said catalyst bed body having a mass m c Recording the density of hydrogen peroxide as ρ, the time t required for complete decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the rocket engine 2 Is equal to the time required for the overall mass of the beaker to decrease by Δ m, and
calculating the time required for each reduction of the overall mass of the beaker by Deltam from the start timing as a plurality of t according to the mass change curve 2 Finally obtaining a plurality of closing time lengths t 3 ＝t 2 -t 1 (ii) a And
and setting a second critical value, and only selecting the closing time length which is not less than the second critical value, wherein the closing times are equal to the number of the selected closing time lengths.
As a further alternative to the method for determining the start-up strategy of the catalytic bed of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine, the second threshold value is 100 ms.
As a further alternative to the method of determining a start-up schedule for a catalytic bed of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine, said modifying the n +1 th start-up sequence based on said flow and accumulation conditions in the nth set of said catalytic tests comprises:
in the n-th group of the catalytic tests, when the outlet end product of the shell is completely converted into a pure gas phase, the closed times of the valve are recorded as a, if a is smaller than the closed times in the n + 1-th starting time sequence, the closed times in the n + 1-th starting time sequence are modified into a, otherwise, the closed times are kept unchanged.
As a further alternative to the method for determining the start-up strategy for the catalytic bed of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine, said revising the last start-up sequence based on the flow and accumulation events in the last set of the catalytic tests comprises:
in the last group of catalytic tests, when the outlet end product of the shell is completely converted into a pure gas phase, the closed times of the valve are recorded as b, if b is smaller than the closed times in the last starting sequence, the closed times in the last starting sequence are modified into b, and otherwise, the closed times are kept unchanged.
As a further alternative to the method of determining the start-up strategy of the catalytic bed of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine, said observing the flow and accumulation of the products at the outlet end of the shell inside the combustion chamber comprises:
a transparent quartz glass thrust chamber is adopted as the combustion chamber;
arranging a high-speed camera at an outlet of the combustion chamber; and
and observing the flowing and accumulation conditions of the outlet end product of the shell in the combustion chamber through the high-speed camera.
As a further alternative to the method for determining the start-up scheme of the catalytic bed of the hydrogen peroxide rocket engine, after observing the flow and accumulation of the products at the outlet end of the shell inside the combustion chamber, the method further includes:
arranging a thermal infrared imager at the outlet of the combustion chamber, wherein the height of the thermal infrared imager is equal to that of the high-speed camera; and
and measuring the temperature distribution conditions of the outlet of the shell and the inside of the combustion chamber by adopting a thermal infrared imager.
As a further alternative to the method for determining the start-up scheme of the catalytic bed of the hydrogen peroxide rocket engine, after observing the flow and accumulation of the products at the outlet end of the shell inside the combustion chamber, the method further includes:
a plurality of temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature distribution of the head chamber and the interior of the housing.
As a further alternative to the method of determining the start-up of catalytic beds of hydrogen peroxide rocket engines, a plurality of said temperature sensors are respectively provided on the head chamber and on the outer wall of the shell, said temperature sensors on the shell being symmetrically distributed about the axis of the shell.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the bubble piece test is used for simulating the decomposition condition of hydrogen peroxide in the rocket engine, the starting time sequence is designed for the valve according to the result of the bubble piece test, the catalytic test is carried out in the rocket engine according to the starting time sequence, and then the starting time sequence corresponding to the next group of catalytic test is corrected according to the result of the catalytic test, so that the starting time sequence is gradually improved. Finally, the last start-up sequence is revised again and used as a start-up scheme. The process can design a starting scheme which is completely matched with a catalytic bed of the rocket engine in a targeted manner, improve the starting speed of the catalytic bed, avoid the combustion chamber in the ignition stage from having an over-high ignition pressure peak and further eliminate the danger of deflagration.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible and comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for determining a catalyst bed start-up scheme for a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating step S101 in the method for determining the start-up scheme of the catalyst bed of the hydrogen peroxide rocket engine according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rocket engine provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the position distribution of observation and measurement devices in the determination method of the catalytic bed start-up scheme of the hydrogen peroxide rocket engine provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a location distribution of temperature sensors in a determination method of a catalytic bed start-up scheme of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the main element symbols:
1-head cavity; 11-pressure measuring joint; 2-a catalytic bed assembly; 21-a housing; 211-outer layer of catalytic bed; 212-a support housing; 22-a catalytic bed bulk; 23-flow equalizing plate; 24-a baffle; 25-adjusting a check ring; 26-a flange plate; 27-a sealing ring; 28-head insulation ring; 3-a combustion chamber; 4-high speed camera; 5-infrared thermal imaging system; 6-temperature sensor; 7-DV camera.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element, there are no intervening elements present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the templates herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 together, the present embodiment provides a method for determining a starting scheme of a catalytic bed of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine (hereinafter referred to as "determining method"), which is suitable for rocket engines with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant at different operating heights, and also suitable for rocket engines with hydrogen peroxide of different concentrations as an oxidant, and can be used to design a starting scheme that is completely matched with a catalytic bed of a rocket engine in a targeted manner, so as to increase the starting speed of the catalytic bed, avoid an excessively high ignition pressure peak in a combustion chamber 3 at an ignition stage, and further eliminate a risk of knocking.
Referring to fig. 3, the rocket engine includes a head chamber 1, a catalytic bed assembly 2, and a combustion chamber 3.
The side wall of the head cavity 1 is provided with a pressure measuring joint 11, and the pressure measuring joint 11 is hollow and tubular and is communicated with the interior of the head cavity 1, so that the pressure in the head cavity 1 can be conveniently measured. The outlet end of the head cavity 1 is opposite to the inlet end of the catalytic bed component 2, and the boundary of the two is provided with a flow equalizing plate 23, so that the hydrogen peroxide in the head cavity 1 can uniformly flow into the catalytic bed component 2.
Furthermore, the inlet end of the head chamber 1 is connected, through a valve, to a supply system of hydrogen peroxide, which supplies hydrogen peroxide to the head chamber 1 and to the catalytic bed assembly 2. A flow regulating valve or venturi is provided in the supply system for regulating the volumetric flow of hydrogen peroxide at the valve, neither of which is shown in the figure.
The catalytic bed assembly 2 is composed of a catalytic bed body 22 and a shell 21, the catalytic bed body 22 is made of silver mesh, and the shell 21 is divided into a catalytic bed outer layer 211 and a support shell 212. The catalytic bed body 22, the catalytic bed outer layer 211 and the support shell 212 are coincident in axis, the catalytic bed outer layer 211 directly covers the side surface of the catalytic bed body 22, and the support shell 212 is sleeved on the catalytic bed outer layer 211 to perform the connecting and supporting functions.
The inner wall of the outer layer 211 of the catalytic bed, which is opposite to the end of the head chamber 1, is formed with a step surface, one end of the catalytic bed body 22 is abutted against the flow equalizing plate 23, and the other end of the catalytic bed body 22 is abutted against the step surface through the baffle plate 24 with holes. During use, the catalytic bed body 22 is stabilized in the catalytic bed outer layer 211 without being deviated from the original position.
The inner wall of the support shell 212 at the end facing away from the head chamber 1 is also formed with a step surface against which one end of the outer layer 211 of the catalytic bed abuts, and the other end of the outer layer 211 of the catalytic bed abuts via an adjusting collar 25. The adjustment collar 25 compensates for the difference in length between the outer layer 211 of the catalytic bed and the support shell 212, enabling the outer layer 211 of the catalytic bed to be stabilized inside the support shell 212.
One end of the support housing 212 is fixedly connected with the head chamber 1 by welding or bolting, and the other end of the support housing 212 is fixedly connected with a flange 26 and is connected with the combustion chamber 3 by bolts through the flange 26. Furthermore, a head heat insulating ring 28 is fitted to the inner edge of the flange 26 facing the combustion chamber 3, and a seal ring 27 is provided at the joint between the flange 26 and the combustion chamber 3.
The outer edge of the head heat-insulating ring 28 facing the combustion chamber 3 abuts against the end surface of the combustion chamber 3, and the inner edge of the head heat-insulating ring 28 facing away from the combustion chamber 3 abuts against the end surface of the support shell 212, so as to block the heat in the combustion chamber 3 from directly transferring to the catalytic bed assembly 2.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the above-mentioned determination method includes the following steps:
s101, carrying out a plurality of groups of bubble pieces test on the silver mesh, and simulating a catalytic reaction process in a rocket engine, wherein the steps are as follows:
s101-1, sampling the silver mesh of the same production batch as the catalytic bed body 22, and cutting the silver mesh into slices with consistent size and quality.
The silver mesh produced by the method has different catalytic capability due to slight difference in the production process, and the accuracy of the blister test result is improved to the maximum extent by adopting the silver mesh of the same production batch as the catalytic bed body 22 as a sample.
S101-2, arranging a plurality of groups of beakers, and injecting hydrogen peroxide into the beakers, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide injected into the beakers is the same as that of the hydrogen peroxide used by the rocket engine.
Specifically, the number of beakers per group was 8. Simultaneously, the same amount of hydrogen peroxide is injected into 8 beakers for comparison test, so that errors can be eliminated as much as possible, and the accuracy of the test result of the blister test is further improved.
S101-3, putting the slices into the first group of beakers, starting timing, finishing timing when the hydrogen peroxide in the beakers is completely decomposed, and acquiring the overall quality information of the beakers through a sensor in the timing process to obtain a quality change curve.
Specifically, each beaker is filled with a slice, and the sensor is a pressure sensor, so that the total mass of the beaker, the slice and the hydrogen peroxide is measured.
At each moment, 8 data were collected by the pressure sensors under each beaker. And calculating the mode, median and average of the 8 data, comparing, selecting two of the 8 data with relatively close numerical values as total mass, and finally forming a mass change curve of the first group of bubble test by combining time information.
S101-4, by analogy, putting the slices after catalysis in the mth group of beakers into the (m + 1) th group of beakers, wherein m is a positive integer, repeating the processes of timing and collecting quality information, and obtaining a corresponding quality change curve.
Specifically, the slices subjected to the first group of blister test are placed into a second group of beakers for blister test, the slices subjected to the second group of blister test are placed into a third group of beakers for blister test, and the like.
In the process of catalytically decomposing hydrogen peroxide, the catalytic capacity of the silver mesh is gradually improved and then tends to be stable. The slice after the previous group of slice tests is used for carrying out the slice tests, so that the change process of the catalytic capability of the slice can be reflected consistently and is consistent with the change process of the catalytic bed body 22 in the rocket motor.
S101-5, setting a first critical value, and finishing the blister test when the difference between the time lengths required by the complete decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide in the two adjacent groups of beakers is less than or equal to the first critical value.
When the difference between the time lengths required by the complete decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide in the two adjacent beakers is less than or equal to the first critical value, the quality change curves corresponding to the two groups of bubble piece tests are almost consistent, which indicates that the catalytic capacity of the slices tends to be stable at the moment, and the slices are kept unchanged for a long period of time, and the bubble piece tests are not required to be carried out continuously.
S102, designing a first starting time sequence for the valve according to the result of the first group of bubble piece tests, wherein the starting time sequence comprises opening time length, closing time length and closing times, and the opening time length and the closing time length are alternately arranged.
In particular, at the start of the rocket motor, it is first necessary to open the valve, the supply system is allowed to fill the head chamber 1 and the casing 21 with hydrogen peroxide, and then the valve is closed. After the hydrogen peroxide in the head chamber 1 and the housing 21 is completely decomposed, the valve is opened again, the supply system fills the head chamber 1 and the housing 21 with hydrogen peroxide again, and then the valve is closed again.
As the catalytic process progresses, the catalytic capacity of catalytic bed body 22 gradually increases until the rate at which catalytic bed body 22 catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is equal to the rate at which the supply system injects hydrogen peroxide. At the moment, the valve is not closed any more and keeps a normally open state.
Thus, the start-up sequence for controlling the opening and closing of the valve includes alternately set opening and closing periods. Each opening and closing of the valve is taken as a pulse, and the number of pulses is equal to the number of closing of the valve. After the valve is kept in the normally open state, hydrogen peroxide is no longer pulsed into the head chamber 1 and the housing 21.
In the actual working process, the opening and closing of the valve is delayed for a certain time compared with the control command, and the time is the action response time of the valve and is recorded as t v And t is v Is a constant value. Due to t v There is an error between the actual actuation of the valve and the preset actuation sequence. But the valve is open by mistakeThe difference and the error in the closing process cancel each other out, so that overall t v The corresponding control system is not influenced to control the valve according to the starting sequence, so that the valve is ignored.
Calculating the volume of the catalytic bed body 22, denoted V, according to the structural dimensions of the rocket motor t1 While the volume of the head chamber 1 is calculated, denoted V s . According to the porosity parameter of the silver mesh provided by a manufacturer
The volume of the internal space of the catalytic bed body 22 is calculated as
And is also the volume of hydrogen peroxide that can be contained within catalyst bed body 22. Thus, the volume of hydrogen peroxide that can be accommodated in the rocket engine is V f ＝V s +V t2 I.e. the volume of hydrogen peroxide the supply system injects into the head chamber 1 and the housing 21 in a single pulse.
On the other hand, the volume flow rate of hydrogen peroxide at the valve is calculated from the opening of the flow regulating valve or the diameter of the throat of the venturi, and is denoted as Q v . The time t required for the supply system to fill the head chamber 1 and the housing 21 with hydrogen peroxide is finally calculated 1 ＝V f /Q v 。
Therefore, in the starting sequence, the opening duration of the valve corresponding to each pulse is t 1 And is made of
The mass m of the catalytic bed body 22 is calculated from the density of the silver mesh c . The mass of a single slice is measured and recorded as m 1 . Calculating the mass m of hydrogen peroxide which can be accommodated in the rocket engine according to the density rho of the hydrogen peroxide f ＝ρ*V f 。
Assuming that the catalytic capacity per unit mass of the slices is the same as that of the catalytic bed body 22, in the same time period if the rocket is launchedHydrogen peroxide in the engine is completely decomposed, so that the hydrogen peroxide in the beaker is reduced by delta m, the delta m is mass, and
therefore, the time required for reducing the entire mass of the beaker by Δ m from the start of the counting is calculated from the mass change curve and recorded as t 2 。t 2 Has a plurality of values corresponding to a plurality of pulses of the rocket motor during the start-up phase, and t 2 Corresponding to the time required for complete decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide in the rocket engine under the pulse. Finally, calculating the closing time length t of the valve corresponding to each pulse 3 ＝t 2 -t 1 。
The catalytic ability of the silver mesh is gradually improved along with the progress of the catalytic process, t 2 Is gradually decreased, t 2 And t 1 The difference between them is also getting smaller. Setting 100ms as the second critical value when t 3 When the second critical value is less than the second critical value, the valve is not closed any more and keeps a normally open state. So that only t not less than the second threshold is reserved in the start-up sequence 3 T meeting the requirements 3 The number of times of closure is defined as the number of times of closure.
And S103, controlling the valve to be opened within a time period corresponding to the opening time period and to be closed within a time period corresponding to the closing time period according to the first starting sequence so as to supply hydrogen peroxide into the shell 21, performing a first group of catalytic tests, and observing the flowing and accumulation conditions of the outlet-end product of the shell 21 in the combustion chamber 3.
Specifically, an example of the start-up sequence is as follows:
TABLE 1 valve Start-Up sequence
Wherein, t ij T representing the j-th pulse i 。
As shown in Table 1, at an absolute time of 1000ms, the valve is open and the duration of the open state is t 11 . At an absolute time of 1000ms + t 11 When the valve is closed, the duration of the closed state is t 31 . And so on until the valve is in a normally open state.
Referring to fig. 4, in order to observe the flow and accumulation of the output products of the housing 21 inside the combustion chamber 3, in the present embodiment, a transparent quartz glass thrust chamber is used as the combustion chamber 3, and a high-speed camera 4 is disposed at the outlet of the combustion chamber 3.
When the rocket engine is in the starting stage, through the high-speed camera 4, the experimenter can clearly observe the flow and the liquid distribution condition of the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the combustion chamber 3, and can also clearly observe the phase transformation process of the outlet end product of the shell 21 in the combustion chamber 3.
In addition to observing the above flowing and accumulating conditions, in the present embodiment, the thermal infrared imager 5 is further disposed at the outlet of the combustion chamber 3, and when the rocket engine is in the starting stage, the experimenter uses the thermal infrared imager 5 to measure the temperature distribution conditions at the outlet of the casing 21 and inside the combustion chamber 3.
Specifically, the thermal infrared imager 5 and the high-speed camera 4 are equal in height, so that the temperature distribution condition acquired by the thermal infrared imager 5 corresponds to the flowing and accumulating condition acquired by the high-speed camera 4. In addition, the thermal infrared imager 5 and the high-speed camera 4 can be arranged on the same side of the axis of the combustion chamber 3, and can also be respectively arranged on two sides of the axis of the combustion chamber 3, and the distance between the thermal infrared imager 5 and the axis of the combustion chamber 3 can be adjusted according to the measurement requirement.
The temperature distribution of the product at the outlet end of the housing 21 can be known by measuring the temperature distribution at the outlet of the housing 21 and the inside of the combustion chamber 3 by the thermal infrared imager 5. The temperature change of the product at the outlet end of the housing 21 and the phase transition occur simultaneously, so that the measurement result of the thermal infrared imager 5 can be used as evidence of the observation result of the high-speed camera 4.
Referring to fig. 5, in addition to the above-described flow and accumulation condition and temperature distribution condition, in the present embodiment, a plurality of temperature sensors 6 are used to measure the temperature distribution condition of the interior of the head chamber 1 and the housing 21.
Specifically, three patch-type temperature sensors 6 are arranged on the outer wall of the head cavity 1 and used for measuring the temperature of the projected outer wall. One of the temperature sensors 6 is located at the side of the head chamber 1, and the other two temperature sensors 6 are symmetrically arranged at both sides of the inlet end of the head chamber 1.
In addition, eight patch type temperature sensors 6 are arranged on the side wall of the shell 21, and are used for measuring the axial temperature distribution of the catalytic bed assembly 2 and comparing the temperature difference of the two sides of the catalytic bed assembly 2. The eight temperature sensors 6 are divided into two groups of four. Two sets of the temperature sensors 6 are symmetrical with respect to the axis of the housing 21, and the same set of four temperature sensors 6 are arranged in the axial direction of the housing 21.
On the other hand, the temperature distribution acquired by the thermal infrared imager 5 can verify the reasonableness of the arrangement of the temperature sensor 6.
By means of these temperature sensors 6, the temperature field distribution inside the head chamber 1 and the housing 21 can be obtained, and the temperature changes inside the head chamber 1 and the housing 21 can be accurately measured during the starting of the rocket motor.
In the present embodiment, a DV camera 7 is also arranged near the exit of the combustion chamber 3. The test process is recorded as completely as possible by the DV camera 7 by selecting a suitable shooting angle.
S104, by analogy, designing the (n + 1) th starting time sequence for the valve according to the result of the (n + 1) th bubble piece test, correcting the (n + 1) th starting time sequence according to the flow and accumulation conditions in the n-th catalytic test, and performing the (n + 1) th catalytic test according to the (n + 1) th starting time sequence, wherein n is a positive integer.
The same as the design process of the first starting time sequence, a series of t in the (n + 1) th starting time sequence can be obtained by utilizing the mass change curve obtained by the (n + 1) th group of bubble pieces through test 2 And then a series of closing durations are calculated.
From the second start-up sequence, after the start-up sequence is designed, the start-up sequence needs to be corrected according to the flow and accumulation conditions in the previous catalytic test set.
Specifically, in the last set of catalytic tests, the supply system injected hydrogen peroxide into the head chamber 1. After passing through the flow equalizing plate 23, the hydrogen peroxide flows into the catalytic bed body 22 and is catalytically decomposed, and the water and oxygen generated by the reaction pass through the baffle plate 24 and then enter the combustion chamber 3.
The catalytic decomposition reaction releases a large amount of heat, so that the catalytic product and the undecomposed hydrogen peroxide are gasified. As the catalytic test progresses, the product at the outlet end of the housing 21 gradually changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase, and finally to a pure gas phase.
When the product just turned into the pure gas phase, the number of times the valve had closed, a, was recorded. If a is smaller than the closing times in the current starting time sequence, the closing times in the current starting time sequence are modified to a, otherwise, the closing times are kept unchanged.
And adjusting the pulse times in the current starting time sequence by using the flowing and accumulating conditions in the previous group of catalytic tests, and then carrying out the catalytic test according to the current starting time sequence. The above steps are repeated in a circulating way until the last group of catalytic tests is completed.
When the product at the outlet end of the shell 21 is completely converted to a pure gas phase, its temperature profile tends to be stable. If the temperature of the product at the outlet end of the housing 21 is stable as measured by the thermal infrared imager 5, it can be proved that the product at the outlet end of the housing 21 is completely converted into a pure gas phase.
S105, correcting the last starting time sequence again according to the flowing and accumulating conditions in the last group of catalytic tests, and taking the corrected last starting time sequence as the starting scheme.
Similar to step S104, in the last set of catalytic tests, the number of times b the valve had been closed was recorded when the product just turned into pure gas phase. If b is smaller than the closing times in the last starting time sequence, the closing times in the last starting time sequence are modified into b, otherwise, the closing times are kept unchanged.
Finally, a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine catalyst bed starting scheme is obtained.
The starting scheme can effectively reduce the use of hydrogen peroxide in the starting stage of the rocket engine, and can also effectively reduce or even eliminate the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the combustion chamber 3, thereby effectively improving the safety of the rocket engine.
In all examples shown and described herein, any particular value should be construed as merely exemplary, and not as a limitation, and thus other examples of example embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining a starting scheme of a catalytic bed of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine is characterized by being applied to a rocket engine, wherein the rocket engine comprises a catalytic bed assembly, the catalytic bed assembly comprises a shell and a catalytic bed body made of silver mesh, a head cavity is connected to an inlet end of the shell, a combustion chamber is connected to an outlet end of the shell, the catalytic bed body is positioned in the shell, and a supply system is connected to an inlet end of the head cavity through a valve;
the method for determining the starting scheme of the hydrogen peroxide rocket engine catalyst bed comprises the following steps:
carrying out a plurality of groups of bubble piece tests on the silver mesh;
designing a first starting time sequence for the valve according to the result of the first group of bubble piece tests, wherein the starting time sequence comprises opening time, closing time and closing times, and the opening time and the closing time are alternately arranged;
controlling the valve to open within a time period corresponding to the opening time period and close within a time period corresponding to the closing time period according to a first starting sequence so as to supply hydrogen peroxide into the shell for a first group of catalytic tests, and observing the flowing and accumulation conditions of the outlet end product of the shell in the combustion chamber;
by analogy, designing the (n + 1) th starting time sequence for the valve according to the result of the (n + 1) th group of bubble sheet tests, correcting the (n + 1) th starting time sequence according to the flow and accumulation conditions in the (n) th group of catalytic tests, and performing the (n + 1) th group of catalytic tests according to the (n + 1) th starting time sequence, wherein n is a positive integer; and
revising the last starting time sequence according to the flowing and accumulating conditions in the last group of catalytic tests, and taking the revised last starting time sequence as the starting scheme;
the multi-group bubble piece test of the silver net comprises the following steps:
sampling the silver mesh of the same production batch as the catalytic bed body, and cutting the silver mesh into slices with consistent size and quality;
arranging a plurality of groups of beakers, and injecting hydrogen peroxide into the beakers, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide injected into the beakers is the same as that of the hydrogen peroxide used by the rocket engine;
putting the slices into a first group of beakers and starting timing, finishing timing when hydrogen peroxide in the beakers is completely decomposed, and acquiring the overall quality information of the beakers by a sensor in the timing process to obtain a quality change curve;
by analogy, putting the slices after the catalysis is completed in the mth group of beakers into the (m + 1) th group of beakers, wherein m is a positive integer, repeating the processes of timing and collecting quality information, and obtaining the corresponding quality change curve; and
setting a first critical value, and finishing the blister test when the difference between the time lengths required by the complete decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide in the two adjacent groups of beakers is less than or equal to the first critical value;
the designing an nth starting time sequence for the valve according to the result of the nth group of bubble piece tests, wherein n is a positive integer, comprises:
recording the volume flow of the valve as Q v The volume of said catalytic bed body is denoted as V t1 The volume of the head cavity is recorded as V s According to the porosity parameter ∅ of the silver mesh provided by the manufacturer, the starting time is t 1 =（V s +∅* V t1 ）/Q v ；
Recording the mass of the slice as m 1 Said catalytic bed body having a mass m c Recording the density of hydrogen peroxide as ρ, the time t required for complete decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the rocket engine 2 Equal to the time required for the overall mass of the beaker to decrease by Δ m, and Δ m = ρ (/ V) s +∅* V t1 ）* m 1 /m c Calculating the time required for reducing the whole mass of the beaker by delta m from the start timing as a plurality of t according to the mass change curve 2 Finally obtaining a plurality of closing time lengths t 3 =t 2 -t 1 (ii) a And
and setting a second critical value, and only selecting the closing time length which is not less than the second critical value, wherein the closing times are equal to the number of the selected closing time lengths.
2. Method for determining the catalytic bed start-up protocol for hydrogen peroxide rocket engines according to claim 1, characterized in that said second critical value is 100 ms.
3. A method of determining a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine catalyst bed start-up protocol as claimed in claim 1, wherein said modifying the n +1 th said start-up sequence based on said flow and accumulation conditions in the nth set of said catalytic tests comprises:
in the nth group of catalytic tests, when the product at the outlet end of the shell is completely converted into a pure gas phase, the number of times that the valve is closed is recorded as a, if a is smaller than the number of times that the valve is closed in the (n + 1) th starting time sequence, the number of times that the valve is closed in the (n + 1) th starting time sequence is modified into a, otherwise, the number of times that the valve is closed is kept unchanged.
4. A method for determining the start-up strategy of a catalytic bed of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine according to claim 1, wherein said revising the last start-up sequence based on said flow and accumulation events in the last set of said catalytic tests comprises:
in the last group of catalytic tests, when the outlet end product of the shell is completely converted into a pure gas phase, the closed times of the valve are recorded as b, if b is smaller than the closed times in the last starting sequence, the closed times in the last starting sequence are modified into b, and otherwise, the closed times are kept unchanged.
5. A method for determining the start-up protocol of a catalytic bed of a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine according to claim 1, wherein said observing the flow and accumulation of the products at the outlet end of said shell inside said combustion chamber comprises:
a transparent quartz glass thrust chamber is adopted as the combustion chamber;
arranging a high-speed camera at an outlet of the combustion chamber; and
and observing the flowing and accumulation conditions of the outlet end product of the shell in the combustion chamber through the high-speed camera.
6. The method of determining a catalytic bed start-up strategy for hydrogen peroxide rocket engines according to claim 5, wherein said observing the flow and accumulation of products inside said combustion chamber at the outlet end of said shell further comprises:
arranging a thermal infrared imager at the outlet of the combustion chamber, wherein the height of the thermal infrared imager is equal to that of the high-speed camera; and
and measuring the temperature distribution conditions of the outlet of the shell and the interior of the combustion chamber by adopting a thermal infrared imager.
7. A method of determining a catalyst bed start-up strategy for a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine as defined in claim 1, wherein said observing the flow and accumulation of product at the outlet end of said shell inside said combustion chamber further comprises:
a plurality of temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature distribution of the head chamber and the interior of the housing.
8. Method for determining the catalytic bed start-up solution for hydrogen peroxide rocket engines according to claim 7, characterized in that a plurality of said temperature sensors are respectively provided on the head chamber and on the outer wall of the shell, said temperature sensors located on the shell being distributed symmetrically with respect to the axis of the shell.
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