CN113375901A - Method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of tube bundle structure - Google Patents
Method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of tube bundle structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113375901A CN113375901A CN202110528750.6A CN202110528750A CN113375901A CN 113375901 A CN113375901 A CN 113375901A CN 202110528750 A CN202110528750 A CN 202110528750A CN 113375901 A CN113375901 A CN 113375901A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between pipes of flow-induced vibration of a pipe bundle structure. The principle of the differential pressure type testing method is simple, electronic devices are not arranged in the sensor, the sensor is suitable for testing various complex environments, the manufacturing cost of the sensor is low, other random errors can be eliminated, the accuracy of a testing result is guaranteed, the defects that the tube bundle circumfluence vortex separation point changes along with the change of flow velocity and the arrangement of the tube bundle changes can be overcome, the method has testing universality, and the method can be popularized and applied in a large scale. The test method can accurately obtain vortex shedding frequency and inter-pipe flow velocity, corresponds to theoretical vortex street frequency, and effectively judges whether the vortex street frequency appears in the flow-induced vibration test of the pipe bundle structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flow-induced vibration testing of a tube bundle structure, and particularly relates to a method for testing vortex street frequency and inter-tube flow velocity of flow-induced vibration of the tube bundle structure.
Background
At present, in the industry, there are two main methods for measuring the vortex street frequency:
the first method is that a thermosensitive element is arranged in a sensor, when vortex is generated, fluid is driven to move to a resistance wire under the action of pressure difference, and the change frequency of the resistance value when the fluid flows through corresponds to the vortex frequency, so that the vortex street frequency is obtained;
in the second method, a capacitor is formed by a metal film arranged in the sensor, the capacitance is changed when the vortex generates lift force change, and the vortex street frequency is obtained according to the change frequency of the capacitor.
In the two methods, although the measurement sensitivity is higher, the vortex street flow sensor belongs to a precise part, the sensor is internally provided with an electronic element, the internal structure is complex, the sensor is acted on underwater measurement for a long time, the packaging and manufacturing cost of the electronic element in the sensor is high, the cost of a single branch is high, the popularization and the application are not facilitated, and meanwhile, the built-in electronic element has a fine structure and is easily influenced by impurities in fluid.
Therefore, in consideration of the above factors, a test method capable of effectively reducing the measurement cost on the premise of ensuring the measurement accuracy can be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between pipes of flow-induced vibration of a pipe bundle structure, which is used for testing the pressure difference change frequency of vortex shedding areas on two sides of a pipe to obtain vortex shedding frequency according to the principle that pressure on two sides generates alternative change when vortex shedding is generated on the surface of the measuring pipe. By utilizing the principle, the vortex street frequency and flow can be tested by adopting the vortex street flow sensor with a mechanical structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity among pipes of flow-induced vibration of a pipe bundle structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a plurality of test tubes on a tube bundle structure serving as a test piece, judging and selecting an area with a large flow velocity according to a fluid simulation result and experience of an early-stage tube bundle structure, and laying out a vortex street flow sensor; selecting an inlet and an outlet of the tube bundle structure and a V-shaped corner as measuring points; because the flow velocity between the pipes at the inlet and the outlet of the general pipe bundle structure is large, the direction of fluid at the V-shaped corner is changed, the vortex street frequency is easy to appear, and the general pipe bundle structure is suitable for being used as a measuring point;
step two, cutting the test tube at the vortex street frequency measuring point along the radial direction, installing the vortex street flow sensor at the notch of the test tube, and respectively connecting the two ends of the vortex street flow sensor with the two notches of the test tube;
thirdly, three pressure guiding holes are drilled on the pipe wall of the same circumferential section of the test pipe, and three pressure guiding pipes in the test pipe are respectively connected with the three pressure guiding holes and used for measuring the flow velocity between the pipes;
step four, leading out a capillary pressure leading pipe connected with the vortex street flow sensor and a pressure leading pipe connected with a pressure leading hole from the inner end part of the test pipe, and respectively connecting the pressure leading pipes with an external differential pressure transmitter and a differential pressure sensor through connectors, wherein the differential pressure transmitter is used for testing the flow velocity between pipes, and the differential pressure sensor is used for acquiring the vortex street frequency;
step five, after the whole assembly of the tube bundle structure with the test tube is finished, continuously adding water pressure to test the tightness of the connector, simultaneously connecting a differential pressure transmitter and a differential pressure sensor to a data acquisition analyzer, and testing whether a fluid pressure signal is normal;
step six, when the sealing effect of the connector achieves the expected effect and the fluid pressure signal test is normal, placing the test piece on a test bench, connecting a water circulation system, then carrying out formal fluid pressure signal acquisition work, carrying out a tube bundle structure flow-induced vibration test at different flow rates, acquiring the fluid pressure of each pressure guiding tube in real time, wherein the single acquisition time is at least 5min, and the repetition frequency of each working condition is at least 5 times;
and step seven, after the test is finished, analyzing and processing the data to obtain the vortex shedding frequency and the flow velocity data between the pipes of the pipe bundle structure, and judging whether the theoretical vortex street frequency appears in the pipe bundle structure at a certain flow velocity.
For the above test method, further the following is performed:
the vortex street flow sensor needs to be customized according to the pipe diameter of the test pipe, and the shape of the sensor is cylindrical with the same size as the test pipe diameter.
And in the second step, when the vortex street flow sensor is installed at the measuring point, firstly, the corresponding position of the test tube needs to be cut off, then the two cut-off parts of the test tube are respectively connected with the installation seats, and the installation seats are connected with the two ends of the vortex street flow sensor through the installation seats, so that the installation operation of the vortex street flow sensor is completed.
The vortex street flow sensor is provided with a plurality of capillary pressure guiding pipes for collecting and analyzing pressure signals, and the pressure guiding pipes are required to be sealed after connection is finished, so that the accuracy of the pressure signals during formal testing is ensured.
In the third step, the three pressure leading holes are adjacent to the sensor mounting position and are positioned on the same circumferential section of the test tube, the middle hole is opposite to the incoming flow direction, and the test speed direction is perpendicular to the test tube direction. The three pressure guiding holes are respectively a pressure guiding hole 0, a pressure guiding hole 1 and a pressure guiding hole 2 and are respectively connected with three pressure guiding pipes P0, P1 and P2, wherein the center of the pressure guiding pipe P0 is opposite to the incoming flow direction, the pressure guiding pipe P1 and the pressure guiding pipe P2 are symmetrical and respectively form an angle of 45 degrees with the pressure guiding pipe P0, and the pressure guiding pipe P1 and the pressure guiding pipe P2 form an angle of 90 degrees.
In the fourth step, in order to ensure the accuracy of fluid pressure measurement and obtain the pressure difference change condition in real time, the length D of the pressure guide pipe connected with the vortex street flow sensor is not too long, and the value range of D is as follows: d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 2 m.
And step six, the working conditions comprise the working conditions with the design rated flow rate of 100 percent and also comprise the step-level working conditions with the flow rates of 20 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 125 percent, 150 percent, 175 percent and 200 percent.
And step seven, firstly, obtaining a pressure value of a pressure guide hole on the pipe wall through a signal acquisition system, calculating to obtain the flow velocity between pipes, secondly, analyzing a fluid pressure change signal of a capillary pressure guide pipe in the vortex street flow sensor, obtaining the change frequency of the pressure difference of vortex shedding areas on two sides of the pipe, namely the vortex shedding frequency, and finally, comparing with the calculated theoretical vortex street frequency to judge whether the vortex street frequency appears in the flow-induced vibration test.
The velocity described in step seven is calculated by the following formula (1),
where v denotes the incoming flow velocity, P0 and P1 denote the pipe internal pressures of the pressure pipe P0 and the pressure pipe P1, respectively, k denotes the correction coefficient, and ρ denotes the fluid density.
The value of the inter-tube flow velocity is related to the transverse flow velocity and the tube bundle arrangement, and for the regular triangle tube bundle, the inter-tube flow velocity is calculated as the following formula (2).
Wherein P represents the pipe center distance, V0Represents the lateral flow velocity and d represents the test tube outside diameter.
According to the karman vortex street generation principle and the characteristics of pulsating lift force frequency, the karman vortex street frequency can be obtained only by testing the change frequency of pulsating pressure, namely, frequency domain signals are obtained by performing frequency spectrum analysis on pressure time domain data acquired by a differential pressure sensor. The judgment condition refers to a Karman vortex street theoretical calculation formula recommended by national standard GB/T151-2014 Heat exchanger, see formula (3).
In the above formula, f represents the vortex street frequency, StIs the Strouhal number, and is related to the geometry of the body around the flow, V is the flow velocity between the tubes, and d is the outer diameter of the test tube.
Before the sensor is used, the water loop system is debugged and calibrated to ensure that the design requirement is met and the sensor parameters are adjusted to the optimal performance according to the debugging result, the vortex street frequency testing range of the testing method is 6-30Hz, and the flow speed testing range between pipes is 0.5-2 m/s.
The vortex street flow sensor is designed according to the fact that when alternately falling vortices are generated, pressure on two sides of the test tube changes along with the alternately falling vortices, the principle and the structure of the vortex street flow sensor are simple, the vortex street flow sensor is different from a common vortex street frequency measuring instrument on the market, the manufacturing cost is low, random errors can be eliminated by adopting a differential pressure type measuring method, and the testing accuracy is high.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the vortex street flow sensor is directly butted in the middle by cutting off the test tube, and the vortex street frequency is indirectly obtained by utilizing the pressure difference change frequency when measuring the vortex, so that the test method has high innovativeness and obvious test effect;
(2) the vortex shedding device can realize the effect of stably controlling the vortex shedding on two sides of the vortex street flow sensor alternately, overcomes the defects that the vortex separation point of the tube bundle circumfluence changes along with the change of the flow velocity and the change of the tube bundle arrangement, and has test universality;
(3) the differential pressure type measuring method can eliminate random interference and has high accuracy;
(4) compared with the traditional vortex street flow sensor, the internal structure of the vortex street flow sensor is simpler, the internal part of the vortex street flow sensor is not required to be internally provided with electronic devices, the application range is wide, the manufacturing and testing cost is low, and the popularization and the application are easy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the test in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout of the vortex street flow sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the vortex street flow sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the flow rate test between the tubes in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a testing system suitable for matching according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of a tube bundle structure comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a plurality of test tubes on a tube bundle structure serving as a test piece, judging and selecting an area with a large flow velocity according to a fluid simulation result and experience of an early-stage tube bundle structure, and laying out a vortex street flow sensor; the flow velocity between the pipes at the inlet and the outlet of the general pipe bundle structure is large, the fluid direction at the V-shaped corner changes, the vortex street frequency is easy to appear, and the general pipe bundle structure is suitable for being used as a measuring point; FIG. 2 illustrates a typical placement of measurement points, one side of which is at the entrance of the tube bundle structure and the other at a V-turn;
step two, cutting the test tube at the vortex street frequency measuring point along the radial direction, installing the vortex street flow sensor at the notch of the test tube, and respectively connecting the two ends of the vortex street flow sensor with the two notches of the test tube;
thirdly, three pressure guiding holes are drilled on the pipe wall of the same circumferential section of the test pipe, and three pressure guiding pipes in the test pipe are respectively connected with the three pressure guiding holes and used for measuring the flow velocity between the pipes;
in this embodiment, the vortex street flow sensor needs to be customized according to the pipe diameter of the test pipe, and as shown in fig. 3, the sensor shape should be a cylinder with the same size as the test pipe diameter.
The vortex street sensor is actually provided with five capillary pressure guiding pipes which are respectively connected with five pressure guiding pipes in the test pipe. Furthermore, three pressure guiding holes are formed in the pipe wall of the same circumferential section of the test pipe, and the three pressure guiding pipes in the test pipe are respectively connected with the three pressure guiding holes. The three pressure leading holes are adjacent to the sensor mounting position, and the testing speed direction is perpendicular to the testing tube direction.
After the vortex street flow sensor is installed and connected, the pressure guide pipe is subjected to waterproof sealing treatment; the schematic diagram of the sensor installation is shown in fig. 3, specifically, when the vortex street flow sensor is installed at a measuring point, the corresponding position of the test tube needs to be cut off firstly, then the two cut-off positions of the test tube are respectively connected with the installation seat, the upper end of the sensor is in interference fit connection with the installation seat, the fastening screw is fixed, and the lower end of the sensor is in threaded connection with the installation seat.
The principle of flow rate measurement among pipes is shown in fig. 4, three pressure guiding holes are respectively a pressure guiding hole 0, a pressure guiding hole 1 and a pressure guiding hole 2, and are respectively connected with three pressure guiding pipes P0, P1 and P2, wherein the center of the pressure guiding pipe P0 is opposite to the incoming flow direction, the pressure guiding pipe P1 and the pressure guiding pipe P2 are symmetrical and respectively form an angle of 45 degrees with the pressure guiding pipe P0, and the pressure guiding pipe P1 and the pressure guiding pipe P2 form an angle of 90 degrees.
And step four, leading out the capillary pressure leading pipe connected with the vortex street flow sensor and the pressure leading pipe connected with the pressure leading hole from the end part of the test pipe, and respectively connecting the capillary pressure leading pipe and the pressure leading hole with an external differential pressure transmitter and a differential pressure sensor through connectors, wherein the differential pressure transmitter is used for testing the flow velocity between pipes, and the differential pressure sensor is used for testing the vortex street frequency. In order to ensure the accuracy of fluid pressure measurement and obtain the change condition of the pressure difference in real time, the length of a pressure guide pipe connected with the vortex street flow sensor is not too long and is at most 2 m;
step five, after the whole assembly of the tube bundle structure with the test tube is finished, continuously adding water pressure to test the tightness of the connector, simultaneously connecting a differential pressure transmitter and a differential pressure sensor to a data acquisition analyzer, and testing whether a fluid pressure signal is normal;
step six, when the sealing effect of the connector achieves the expected effect and the fluid pressure signal test is normal, placing the test piece on a test bench, connecting a water circulation system, then carrying out formal fluid pressure signal acquisition work, carrying out a tube bundle structure flow-induced vibration test at different flow rates, acquiring the fluid pressure of each pressure guiding tube in real time, wherein the single acquisition time is at least 5min, and the repetition frequency of each working condition is at least 5 times;
FIG. 5 shows a test system suitable for the vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of the flow-induced vibration of the tube bundle structure. During the test, the tube bundle structure is located in a closed pressure container, an inlet and an outlet of the pressure container are connected into an external water circulation system, the vortex street flow sensor is installed on a test tube in the tube bundle structure and is connected to the external sensor through a pressure guide tube and a connector, and then pressure data are analyzed through a computer and a data acquisition instrument so as to obtain the flow velocity between tubes and the vortex street frequency.
Obtaining a pressure value of a pressure guide hole in the pipe wall through a signal acquisition system, and calculating according to formulas (1) and (2) to obtain the flow velocity between pipes; secondly, analyzing a fluid pressure change signal of a capillary pressure guiding pipe in the vortex street flow sensor, namely performing frequency spectrum analysis on pressure time domain data collected by a differential pressure sensor to obtain a frequency domain signal, and obtaining the change frequency of the pressure difference of vortex shedding areas on two sides of the pipe, namely the vortex shedding frequency; and then calculating the theoretical Karman vortex street frequency by using a formula (3) according to parameters such as the flow velocity between pipes, the arrangement mode of the pipe bundle, the structure size and the like, and finally comparing the vortex shedding frequency and the flow velocity data of the pipe bundle structure obtained by the experiment to judge whether the theoretical vortex street frequency appears in the pipe bundle structure at a certain flow velocity.
In the method, the sensor is debugged and calibrated through a water loop system before use so as to determine that the design requirement is met and the sensor parameter is adjusted to the optimal performance according to the debugging result.
After debugging and calibration, the test range of the vortex street frequency is 6-30Hz, and the test range of the flow velocity between pipes is 0.5-2 m/s.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity among pipes of flow-induced vibration of a pipe bundle structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a plurality of test tubes on a tube bundle structure serving as a test piece, judging and selecting an area with a large flow velocity according to a fluid simulation result and experience of an early-stage tube bundle structure, and laying out a vortex street flow sensor; selecting an inlet and an outlet of the tube bundle structure and a V-shaped corner as measuring points;
step two, cutting the test tube at the vortex street frequency measuring point along the radial direction, installing the vortex street flow sensor at the notch of the test tube, and respectively connecting the two ends of the vortex street flow sensor with the two notches of the test tube;
thirdly, three pressure guiding holes are drilled on the pipe wall of the same circumferential section of the test pipe, and three pressure guiding pipes in the test pipe are respectively connected with the three pressure guiding holes and used for measuring the flow velocity between the pipes;
step four, leading out a capillary pressure leading pipe connected with the vortex street flow sensor and a pressure leading pipe connected with a pressure leading hole from the inner end part of the test pipe, and respectively connecting the pressure leading pipes with an external differential pressure transmitter and a differential pressure sensor through connectors, wherein the differential pressure transmitter is used for testing the flow velocity between pipes, and the differential pressure sensor is used for acquiring the vortex street frequency;
step five, after the whole assembly of the tube bundle structure with the test tube is finished, continuously adding water pressure to test the tightness of the connector, simultaneously connecting a differential pressure transmitter and a differential pressure sensor to a data acquisition analyzer, and testing whether a fluid pressure signal is normal;
step six, when the sealing effect of the connector achieves the expected effect and the fluid pressure signal test is normal, placing the test piece on a test bench, connecting a water circulation system, then carrying out formal fluid pressure signal acquisition work, carrying out a tube bundle structure flow-induced vibration test at different flow rates, acquiring the fluid pressure of each pressure guiding tube in real time, wherein the single acquisition time is at least 5min, and the repetition frequency of each working condition is at least 5 times;
and step seven, after the test is finished, analyzing and processing the data to obtain the vortex shedding frequency and the flow velocity data between the pipes of the pipe bundle structure, and judging whether the theoretical vortex street frequency appears in the pipe bundle structure at a certain flow velocity.
2. The method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of a tube bundle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the vortex street flow sensor needs to be customized according to the pipe diameter of the test pipe, and the shape of the sensor is cylindrical with the same size as the test pipe diameter.
3. The method for testing the vortex street frequency and the flow velocity between the tubes of the flow-induced vibration of the tube bundle structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, when the vortex street flow sensor is installed at the measuring point, firstly, the corresponding position of the test tube needs to be cut off, then the two cut-off parts of the test tube are respectively connected with the installation seats, and the installation seats are connected with the two ends of the vortex street flow sensor through the installation seats, so that the installation operation of the vortex street flow sensor is completed.
4. The method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of a tube bundle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the vortex street flow sensor is provided with a plurality of capillary pressure guiding pipes for collecting and analyzing pressure signals, and the pressure guiding pipes are required to be sealed after connection is finished, so that the accuracy of the pressure signals during formal testing is ensured.
5. The method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of a tube bundle structure according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the three pressure leading holes are adjacent to the sensor mounting position and are positioned on the same circumferential section of the test tube, the middle hole is opposite to the incoming flow direction, and the test speed direction is perpendicular to the test tube direction.
6. The method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of a tube bundle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the pressure guide pipe connected with the vortex street flow sensor is D, and the value range of D is as follows: d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 2 m.
7. The method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of a tube bundle structure according to claim 1, wherein: and step six, the working conditions comprise the working conditions with the design rated flow rate of 100 percent and further comprise the step grade working conditions with the flow rate of 20 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 125 percent, 150 percent, 175 percent or 200 percent.
8. The method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of a tube bundle structure according to claim 1, wherein: and step seven, firstly, obtaining a pressure value of a pressure guide hole on the pipe wall through a signal acquisition system, calculating to obtain the flow velocity between pipes, secondly, analyzing a fluid pressure change signal of a capillary pressure guide pipe in the vortex street flow sensor, obtaining the change frequency of the pressure difference of vortex shedding areas on two sides of the pipe, namely the vortex shedding frequency, and finally, comparing with the calculated theoretical vortex street frequency to judge whether the vortex street frequency appears in the flow-induced vibration test.
9. The method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of a tube bundle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the sensor is debugged and calibrated through a water loop system before use so as to determine that the design requirements are met and adjust the sensor parameters to the optimal performance according to the debugging result.
10. The method for testing vortex street frequency and flow velocity between tubes of flow-induced vibration of a tube bundle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the test method has the vortex street frequency test range of 6-30Hz and the inter-pipe flow velocity test range of 0.5-2 m/s.
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| CN113375901B (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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