CN113375892B - Wind tunnel test method based on reverse Brayton cycle of turboexpander - Google Patents
Wind tunnel test method based on reverse Brayton cycle of turboexpander Download PDFInfo
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- CN113375892B CN113375892B CN202110921764.4A CN202110921764A CN113375892B CN 113375892 B CN113375892 B CN 113375892B CN 202110921764 A CN202110921764 A CN 202110921764A CN 113375892 B CN113375892 B CN 113375892B
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- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind tunnel test system and a test method based on a reverse Brayton cycle of a turboexpander. The wind tunnel test system comprises a raw material gas source, a raw material gas purification device, a compressor cooler, a heat exchanger, a turboexpander, a wind tunnel body, a heat exchanger and a circulation outlet which are sequentially connected through pipelines along the airflow direction, wherein the circulation outlet is directly communicated with the atmospheric environment or connected with the raw material gas source; the heat-insulating layer covers the equipment, the pipeline and the valve with the air flow temperature lower than or higher than the ambient temperature in the wind tunnel test system. The wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps: a. purifying the gas; b. compressing and cooling the gas; c. expanding the gas; d. blowing by a wind tunnel; e. and (5) residual gas treatment. The wind tunnel test system is simple in structure, the adjustable temperature range of the wind tunnel test method is wide, the operating pressure elasticity is large, the unit energy consumption is low, an additional cold source is not needed, and the Reynolds number of the obtained test section is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a wind tunnel test system and a test method based on reverse Brayton cycle of a turboexpander.
Background
A plurality of complex flow phenomena with dominant viscosity exist in the transonic speed flight and flow process, such as boundary layer development and transition, flow separation, shock wave and boundary layer interference and the like, and directly influence the aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft and a turbomachine blade. At present, the transonic speed Reynolds number analog capability in China is seriously insufficient, and the simulation capability becomes one of key technical bottlenecks which restrict the development and development of advanced aircrafts and turbomachines in China, and the design of a high Reynolds number wind tunnel test system and the establishment of a blowing test method are feasible ways for solving the bottleneck problem.
The reverse Brayton cycle comprises 4 processes of isentropic compression, isobaric cooling, isentropic expansion and isobaric heat absorption, and is respectively composed of a compressor, a heat exchanger, a turbo expander and cooling equipment, wherein the high-efficiency turbo expander is key equipment for determining the energy efficiency of the reverse Brayton cycle. The reverse Brayton thermodynamic cycle has the advantages of simple system, reliable operation, wide temperature range, easy obtaining of working medium (air can be used as a circulating medium) and the like, and is particularly widely applied and developed in the refrigeration and low-temperature fields.
Currently, a wind tunnel test system and a test method based on a turbine expander reverse brayton cycle are in urgent need of development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve a technical problem of providing a wind tunnel test system based on reverse Brayton cycle of a turboexpander, and the invention also aims to solve another technical problem of providing a test method of the wind tunnel test system based on reverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander.
The invention relates to a wind tunnel test system based on reverse Brayton cycle of a turboexpander, which is characterized by comprising a raw material gas source, a raw material gas purification device, a compressor cooler, a high-temperature side of a heat exchanger, the turboexpander, a wind tunnel body, a low-temperature side of the heat exchanger and a circulating outlet which are sequentially connected through pipelines along the airflow direction, wherein the circulating outlet is directly communicated with the atmospheric environment or is connected with the raw material gas source; the heat-insulating layer covers the equipment, the pipeline and the valve with the air flow temperature lower than or higher than the ambient temperature in the wind tunnel test system.
Further, the compressor is a one-stage or multi-stage compressor, and the compressor cooler is a one-stage or multi-stage compressor cooler matched with the compressor.
Further, the turboexpander is characterized in that the turboexpander is a one-stage or multi-stage turboexpander.
Further, the outlet gas flow of the turboexpander is in a thermodynamic state of single-phase superheated fluid or gas-liquid two-phase fluid.
Further, the heat exchanger is characterized by being a one-stage or multi-stage heat exchanger.
Further, the wind tunnel test section in the wind tunnel body is a straight-through section or a molded surface structure section.
The invention discloses a test method of a wind tunnel test system based on a turbine expander reverse Brayton cycle, which comprises the following steps of:
a. purifying the gas; feeding the raw material gas in a raw material gas source into a raw material gas purification device, retaining pure working media in the raw material gas, and removing alkanes, carbon dioxide, moisture and impurities to obtain a gas I;
b. compressing and cooling the gas; compressing the gas I by a compressor, increasing the pressure and the temperature, cooling by a compressor cooler, and cooling to the ambient temperature to obtain a gas II;
c. expanding the gas; the temperature of the gas II is continuously reduced through a heat exchanger to obtain a gas III, the gas III enters a turbine expansion machine for isentropic expansion and temperature reduction, and the gas III is subjected to overheated single-phase expansion or two-phase expansion in the turbine expansion machine according to the working condition requirement of a wind tunnel test to obtain a gas IV;
d. blowing by a wind tunnel; the gas IV enters a wind tunnel body, enters a test section after passing through a diffusion section, a stabilization section and a contraction section of the wind tunnel body, provides blowing air flow meeting Reynolds number and Mach number requirements of a wind tunnel test, and performs the wind tunnel test, wherein the outlet air flow is gas V;
e. treating residual gas; and the gas V enters a heat exchanger to exchange heat with the gas II, the gas VI is obtained after rewarming, and the gas VI is directly discharged to the atmospheric environment from a circulation outlet or enters a raw material gas purification device to be recycled.
The working process of the wind tunnel test system based on the inverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander comprises the following steps: purifying, compressing and cooling gas in a raw material gas source through a raw material gas purification device, a compressor and a compressor cooler; then heat exchange and temperature reduction are carried out through a heat exchanger, and adiabatic expansion is carried out through a turbo expander; delivering the turbine outlet airflow to a wind tunnel body to provide air for a wind tunnel test, enabling outlet airflow after the wind tunnel test to flow back to enter a heat exchanger, and performing heat regeneration, then emptying or circulating to enter a raw material gas purification device for recompression; meanwhile, aiming at the low-temperature working condition, heat preservation measures are taken for equipment or pipelines needing heat preservation.
The compressor, the heat exchanger, the turboexpander and the wind tunnel body in the wind tunnel test system based on the inverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander form four main parts of the inverse Brayton cycle, and the four main parts sequentially play the following roles: the compressor is used for pressurizing raw material gas or circulating gas, the heat exchanger is used as a heat exchange part for compressing airflow and backflow airflow, the turboexpander is used for providing cooling capacity, and the wind tunnel mechanism is used as a cold using and blowing test part.
The test method of the wind tunnel test system based on the inverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander, disclosed by the invention, is characterized in that a wind tunnel body is used as a cold-using part, the inverse Brayton cycle is established by combining the processes of isentropic compression, isobaric cooling and isentropic expansion, through reasonable cycle thermodynamic design, the total pressure of the test gas which still meets the operation requirement of a wind tunnel test can be ensured after the test gas passes through the near-isentropic adiabatic expansion process of the turboexpander, and the Reynolds number of a wind tunnel test section can be increased by low-temperature test gas flow which is formed by the test gas and is as low as the saturated liquid temperature of a working medium.
According to the test method of the wind tunnel test system based on the inverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander, disclosed by the invention, the turboexpander is controlled through the control system, so that the wind tunnel test system based on the inverse Brayton cycle can be ensured to work in a wide temperature range from normal temperature to low temperature, the total pressure regulation range of the test section is wider, the Reynolds number and the Mach number simulated in the wind tunnel test are expanded, and the working condition elasticity of the wind tunnel test is improved. And moreover, the test gas entering the raw material gas purification device from the circulation outlet for recycling establishes an automatic heat return circulation mode, an external cold source is not required to be input, the blowing temperature of the wind tunnel test section is rapidly reduced, the energy consumption of the system is effectively reduced, and the economical efficiency and the continuity of the wind tunnel test are improved.
The wind tunnel test system based on the reverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander has the advantages of simple structure, wide adjustable temperature range of the test method, large elasticity of operation pressure, low unit energy consumption, no need of an additional cold source and high Reynolds number of the obtained test section.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind tunnel test system based on a turboexpander reverse brayton cycle of the invention.
In the figure, 1, a raw material gas source 2, a raw material gas purifying device 3, a compressor 4, a compressor cooler 5, a heat exchanger 6, a turboexpander 7, a wind tunnel body 8, a circulating outlet 9 and an insulating layer are arranged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the wind tunnel test system based on the turboexpander reverse brayton cycle of the present embodiment includes a raw material gas source 1, a raw material gas purification device 2, a compressor 3, a compressor cooler 4, a high temperature side of a heat exchanger 5, a turboexpander 6, a wind tunnel body 7, a low temperature side of the heat exchanger 5, and a circulation outlet 8, which are sequentially connected through a pipeline along an air flow direction, wherein the circulation outlet 8 is directly connected to the atmospheric environment or is connected to the raw material gas source 1; the heat insulation layer 9 covers equipment, pipelines and valves in the wind tunnel test system, wherein the temperature of air flow is lower than or higher than the ambient temperature.
Further, the compressor 3 is a one-stage or multi-stage compressor 3, and the compressor cooler 4 is a one-stage or multi-stage compressor cooler 4 matched with the compressor 3.
Further, the turbo expander 6 is a one-stage or multi-stage turbo expander 6.
Further, the outlet gas flow of the turboexpander 6 is in a thermodynamic state of a single-phase superheated fluid or a gas-liquid two-phase fluid.
Further, the heat exchanger 5 is a one-stage or multi-stage heat exchanger 5.
Further, the wind tunnel test section in the wind tunnel body 7 is a straight-through section or a profile structure section.
The test method of the wind tunnel test system based on the reverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander comprises the following steps:
a. purifying the gas; the raw material gas in the raw material gas source 1 enters a raw material gas purification device 2, pure working media in the raw material gas are reserved, and alkane, carbon dioxide, moisture and impurities are removed to obtain gas I;
b. compressing and cooling the gas; compressing the gas I by a compressor 3, increasing the pressure and the temperature, cooling by a compressor cooler 4, and cooling to the ambient temperature to obtain a gas II;
c. expanding the gas; the temperature of the gas II is continuously reduced through a heat exchanger 5 to obtain a gas III, the gas III enters a turbine expander 6 for isentropic expansion and temperature reduction, and the gas III is subjected to superheated single-phase expansion or two-phase expansion in the turbine expander 6 according to the working condition requirement of a wind tunnel test to obtain a gas IV;
d. blowing by a wind tunnel; the gas IV enters the wind tunnel body 7, enters the test section after passing through the diffusion section, the stabilization section and the contraction section of the wind tunnel body 7, provides blowing air flow meeting Reynolds number and Mach number requirements of a wind tunnel test, and performs the wind tunnel test, wherein the outlet air flow is gas V;
e. treating residual gas; and the gas V enters a heat exchanger 5 to exchange heat with the gas II, the gas VI is obtained after temperature recovery, and the gas VI is directly discharged to the atmospheric environment from a circulation outlet 8 or enters a raw material gas purification device 2 to be recycled.
Example 1
The implementation process of this embodiment is as follows:
purifying the raw material gas in the raw material gas source 1 by a raw material gas purification device 2 to filter impurities to obtain a gas I, wherein the temperature of the gas I is the ambient temperature; and then the gas is compressed and cooled by the compressor 3 and the compressor cooler 4, and the multistage compressor 3 and the multistage compressor cooler 4 can be connected in series in the compression and cooling process to obtain gas II reaching the gas pressure required by the wind tunnel test. Then, the purified, compressed and cooled gas II is conveyed to a heat exchanger 5 for heat exchange and cooling, a plurality of heat exchangers 5 can be used for being connected in series in the heat exchange and cooling process to obtain a gas III with required outlet airflow temperature, and the gas pressure of the gas III is determined according to the working pressure of a turboexpander 6 and the total blowing pressure of a test section. The gas III enters a turbine expansion machine 6 for adiabatic expansion to obtain a gas IV, and the multistage turbine expansion machines 6 can be used for being connected in series in the adiabatic expansion process according to the requirements of wind tunnel test gas parameters; the gas IV is conveyed to a wind tunnel body 7 to provide test airflow for a test section, and the test section outlet airflow gas V exchanges heat with feed gas through a heat exchanger 5; obtaining a gas VI after heat exchange and rewarming, wherein the gas VI enters the raw material gas purification device 2 from the circulation outlet 8 for recirculation; the heat insulation layer 9 covers equipment, pipelines and valves with air flow temperature lower than or higher than ambient temperature in the wind tunnel test system.
Where the gas ii needs to be cooled to ambient temperature and is capable of providing the required inlet pressure value of the turboexpander 6. And then after sequentially passing through the heat exchanger 5 and the turboexpander 6, the gas IV can reach the wind tunnel test condition, provide test airflow required by the test section of the wind tunnel body 7, meet the total pressure, total temperature, Reynolds number and Mach number required by the test section, particularly provide cold energy required by low-temperature operation of the wind tunnel body 7, and improve the Reynolds number of the wind tunnel test by reducing the temperature.
Because the expansion ratio and the rotating speed of the turboexpander 6 can be arbitrarily changed or adjusted within the allowable range of turbine technical conditions, the single-phase superheat expansion and the two-phase expansion can be arbitrarily switched, and the stable operation can be carried out from a normal temperature region to a low temperature region (for example, the low temperature can be as low as the temperature of liquid nitrogen under the condition of working medium nitrogen). The multiphase turboexpander 6 can reach lower temperature of the airflow at the outlet of the turbine, further isentropic adiabatic expansion is adopted, the gas IV can be adjusted to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the gas-liquid two-phase airflow which is close to or reaches the temperature of liquid nitrogen under the same pressure is provided, and the Reynolds number of wind tunnel test simulation is further improved.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the principles of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The wind tunnel test method based on the reverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander is characterized in that a wind tunnel test system based on the reverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander, which is used in the wind tunnel test method, comprises a raw material gas source (1), a raw material gas purification device (2), a compressor (3), a compressor cooler (4), a high-temperature side of a heat exchanger (5), the turboexpander (6), a wind tunnel body (7), a low-temperature side of the heat exchanger (5) and a circulation outlet (8) which are sequentially connected through pipelines along the airflow direction, wherein the circulation outlet (8) is directly communicated with the atmospheric environment or is connected with the raw material gas source (1); the heat insulation layer (9) covers equipment, pipelines and valves with air flow temperature lower than or higher than the ambient temperature in the wind tunnel test system;
the compressor (3), the heat exchanger (5), the turboexpander (6) and the wind tunnel body (7) form an inverse Brayton cycle, the compressor (3) boosts the raw material gas or the circulating gas, the heat exchanger (5) is a heat exchange part of compressed air flow and backflow air flow, the turboexpander (6) provides cooling cold energy, and the wind tunnel body (7) is a cold-using and blowing test part;
the wind tunnel body (7) is used as a cold-using part, an inverse Brayton cycle is established by combining the processes of isentropic compression, isobaric cooling and isentropic expansion, and through the design of cycle thermodynamics, the total pressure of the test gas which still meets the operation requirement of a wind tunnel test is ensured after the test gas passes through the process of near isentropic adiabatic expansion of a turbine expander (6), and the Reynolds number of a wind tunnel test section is increased by low-temperature test gas flow which is formed by the test gas and is as low as the saturated liquid temperature of a working medium;
the wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps:
a. purifying the gas; raw material gas in a raw material gas source (1) enters a raw material gas purification device (2), pure working medium in the raw material gas is reserved, and alkane, carbon dioxide, moisture and impurities are removed to obtain gas I;
b. compressing and cooling the gas; compressing the gas I by a compressor (3), increasing the pressure and the temperature, cooling by a compressor cooler (4), and cooling to the ambient temperature to obtain a gas II;
c. expanding the gas; the temperature of the gas II is continuously reduced through a heat exchanger (5) to obtain a gas III, the gas III enters a turbine expander (6) for isentropic expansion and temperature reduction, and the gas III is subjected to overheated single-phase expansion or two-phase expansion in the turbine expander (6) according to the working condition requirement of a wind tunnel test to obtain a gas IV;
d. blowing by a wind tunnel; the gas IV enters a wind tunnel body (7), and enters a test section after passing through a diffusion section, a stabilization section and a contraction section of the wind tunnel body (7) to provide blowing air flow meeting Reynolds number and Mach number requirements of a wind tunnel test, and the wind tunnel test is carried out, wherein the outlet air flow is a gas V;
e. treating residual gas; and the gas V enters a heat exchanger (5) to exchange heat with the gas II, the gas VI is obtained after rewarming, and the gas VI is directly discharged to the atmospheric environment from a circulating outlet (8) or enters a raw material gas purification device (2) to be recycled.
2. The wind tunnel test method based on the reverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander is characterized in that the compressor (3) is a one-stage or multi-stage compressor (3), and the compressor cooler (4) is a one-stage or multi-stage compressor cooler (4) matched with the compressor (3).
3. The wind tunnel test method based on the reverse Brayton cycle of the turboexpander according to claim 1, characterized in that the turboexpander (6) is a one-stage or multi-stage turboexpander (6).
4. The wind tunnel test method based on the turboexpander reverse brayton cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outlet gas flow thermodynamic state of the turboexpander (6) is a single-phase superheated fluid or a gas-liquid two-phase fluid.
5. The wind tunnel test method based on the turboexpander reverse Brayton cycle of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger (5) is a one-stage or multi-stage heat exchanger (5).
6. The wind tunnel test method based on the turboexpander reverse Brayton cycle of claim 1, wherein the wind tunnel test section in the wind tunnel body (7) is a straight-through section or a profile structure section.
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