CN113375785A - Method for detecting full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal of optical fiber hydrophone - Google Patents
Method for detecting full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal of optical fiber hydrophone Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal detection method of an optical fiber hydrophone. When the method is adopted, the low-distortion signal detection of the optical fiber hydrophone can still be realized under the condition of larger hydrostatic pressure change, meanwhile, the complexity of the optical fiber hydrophone system cannot be increased, and the large-scale multiplexing of the optical fiber hydrophone array is easier to realize, so that a solid foundation is laid for the application of the optical fiber hydrophone in the deep sea environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal detection method for an optical fiber hydrophone.
Background
Optical fiber hydrophones have been valued by military and civil research institutions at home and abroad, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are invested in many institutions to research the optical fiber hydrophones. Among the research directions of the optical fiber hydrophone, the research of the high-stability and low-distortion optical fiber hydrophone signal detection technology is the most important research direction, and the method has important engineering practice significance for effectively extracting the acoustic signal in a complex and variable environment.
The phase-generated carrier (PGC) is a signal detection technique commonly used in fiber optic hydrophones, has the advantages of simple optical structure, easy multiplexing, suitability for remote large-scale systems, and the like, and is widely used at home and abroad. In the PGC signal detection technology, in order to realize the passive wet end, it is necessary to perform optical frequency modulation on the laser and combine with the non-equal arm interferometer to generate the phase carrier, which will cause signal detection distortion in two aspects: firstly, the optical frequency modulation of the laser is difficult to keep stable under the influence of temperature and vibration, so that the modulation depth of a phase carrier is easy to deviate from a preset value, and the signal detection is distorted; and secondly, the fiber optic hydrophone is influenced by hydrostatic pressure, and the arm difference of the interferometer changes obviously along with the change of water depth, so that the modulation depth of a phase carrier changes obviously, and finally signal detection distortion is caused. Especially, when the optical fiber hydrophone is applied to a deep sea environment, the arm difference of the interferometer generates meter-level change due to hydrostatic pressure of tens of megapascals, and the modulation depth change of a phase carrier can even reach more than 100%, at the moment, serious harmonic distortion is generated by signal detection by using a traditional PGC signal detection method, so that the signal detection is completely invalid.
In recent years, some researchers have proposed solutions to the problem of signal detection distortion caused by unstable modulation depth of a phase carrier, and the main ideas of these solutions are focused on performing feedback control on the modulation depth of the phase carrier, so as to realize stable and distortion-free signal detection: document 1(Phase Modulation estimation and Correction Technique for the PGC Modulation Scheme in Fiber-optical interference Sensors, Anton v.volkov et al, IEEE Sensors j ournal, volume 13, 2017) proposes to measure and calculate the Phase carrier Modulation Depth C value after mixing and low-pass filtering the interference signal by one to four times of carrier waves, and stably control the C value at a 2.63 value by using a PI feedback control system, thereby realizing stable signal detection; in document 2 (demodulation of multi-channel optical hydrophone based on time-division detection in sub-wavelength detection, WENZHU HUANG et al, Optics Express, volume 8 of 2020), coarse and fine feedback control is adopted to perform fast and precise control on the phase carrier modulation depth C of each elementary hydrophone in a 32-path space division multiplexing optical fiber hydrophone array, thereby realizing stable signal detection of each elementary of the optical fiber hydrophone array. Although the above documents implement stable control of the phase carrier modulation depth C through the feedback control method, the feedback control system increases the overall complexity of the optical fiber hydrophone system, which is not beneficial to large-scale expansion of the number of elements of the optical fiber hydrophone system, and meanwhile, the methods do not consider the problem of whether the phase carrier modulation depth C value can still implement stable control when the phase carrier modulation depth C value is greatly changed in the deep sea environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal detection method for an optical fiber hydrophone, which can solve the problem of harmonic distortion in signal detection when the C value changes in a larger range on the premise of not introducing a complex feedback control system, compared with the traditional method for reducing the influence of harmonic distortion in signal detection by accurately controlling the C value of phase carrier modulation depth. When the method is adopted, the low-distortion signal detection of the optical fiber hydrophone can still be realized under the condition of larger hydrostatic pressure change, meanwhile, the complexity of the optical fiber hydrophone system cannot be increased, and the large-scale multiplexing of the optical fiber hydrophone array is easier to realize, so that a solid foundation is laid for the application of the optical fiber hydrophone in the deep sea environment.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a method for detecting a full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal of an optical fiber hydrophone comprises the following steps:
s1: generating modulation frequency f in optical fiber hydrophone output light interference signal by PGC method0Modulating a phase modulated carrier of depth C;
s2: detecting an optical interference signal output by the optical fiber hydrophone by using a photoelectric detector, and converting the optical interference signal into an electric interference signal V;
s3: determination of carrier phase delay of electrical interference signals using carrier phase delay determination
S4: using a pair of local reference signals
Respectively multiplied by the electric interference signals to obtain a pair of mixing signals m1、m2Wherein m is1To use a reference signal v1Frequency-mixing signal, m, multiplied by electrical interference signal2To use a reference signal v2Multiplying the electrical interference signal to obtain a mixed signal;
s5: for mixing frequency signal m1、m2Low-pass filtering with low-pass filters to obtain filtered mixing signals s1、s2；
S6: using filtered mixing signals s1、s2V. carrying outs＝arctan(s1/s2) And the external acoustic signal applied to the optical fiber hydrophone can be detected by operation and high-pass filtering.
Preferably, in S1, the PGC method includes generating a phase carrier by using laser frequency modulation in combination with an unequal arm interferometer or adding a phase modulator in one arm of the interferometer.
Preferably, in S3, the method for measuring carrier phase delay includes the following steps:
s3.1: using a pair of local reference signals for extracting carrier phase delay
Respectively multiplied by the electric interference signals to obtain a pair of mixing signals p1、p2Wherein p is1To use a reference signal d1Frequency-mixing signals, p, multiplied by electrical interference signals2To use a reference signal d2Multiplying the electrical interference signal to obtain a mixed signal;
s3.2: for mixing frequency signal p1、p2Low-pass filtering with low-pass filters to obtain filtered mixing signals g1、g2；
S3.3: using filtered mixing signals g1、g2To proceed with
Operate and then will
The carrier phase time delay can be calculated by averaging in time
Preferably, in S4, three linear coefficients a of a pair of local reference signals2、a3、a4Calculated according to the following matrix formula:
in the formula, Jk(C) K is 2,3,4 k orderValue of Bessel function of the first kind at C, J'k(C) Is Jk(C) First derivative of (1), J ″)k(C) Is Jk(C) The second derivative of (a).
Preferably, the modulation depth C is 4, and the local reference signal linear coefficient a can be calculated according to the formula (3)2＝2.388,a3＝-3.7942,a4-2.4778. At this time, the pair of local reference signals can be obtained as
Preferably, the signal detection is performed according to the detection steps for a pair of local reference signals shown in formula (4), so that the low-distortion stable signal detection with the modulation depth C varying arbitrarily in the range of 2.25-5.45 can be realized, that is, when the modulation depth C varies significantly under any sea depth condition, the low-distortion stable signal detection can still be realized.
The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
(1) compared with the traditional PGC detection method, the method can control harmonic distortion in a small range when the phase carrier modulation coefficient C value is changed within the range of 2.25-5.45;
(2) the invention is established on the basis of the traditional PGC digital signal detection, and does not add an additional phase carrier modulation coefficient C value feedback control mechanism, thereby not increasing the complexity and the operation amount of the system;
(3) the invention can well solve the problem that the hydrostatic pressure change causes the phase carrier modulation coefficient C value to generate larger change when the optical fiber hydrophone is applied to different water depths, thereby generating serious harmonic distortion in the traditional PGC signal detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a signal detection method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the variation of nonlinear coefficients with phase carrier modulation coefficients in signal detection;
fig. 3 is a signal diagram detected by the signal detection method according to the present invention when the phase carrier modulation factor C is 4;
fig. 4 is a signal diagram detected by the signal detection method according to the present invention when the phase carrier modulation factor C is 2.25;
fig. 5 is a signal diagram detected by the signal detection method according to the present invention when the phase carrier modulation factor C is 5.45;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the defects and requirements of the traditional PGC signal detection method under different water depth application conditions, the invention provides a full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal detection method for an optical fiber hydrophone, which is used for carrying out signal detection on output interference signals of the optical fiber hydrophone under different water depth conditions according to the flow shown in figure 1 and can ensure the fidelity of signal detection under different phase carrier modulation depth C values caused by different water depth conditions.
Specifically, the output electrical interference signal form of the optical fiber hydrophone obtained by conversion of the photoelectric detector is
Wherein A is the DC amplitude of the electric interference signal and is related to incident light power, light loss, photoelectric conversion efficiency of the detector, B is the AC amplitude of the electric interference signal and is related to DC amplitude and visibility of the interferometer, C is the modulation depth of the phase carrier, and omega0＝2πf0The circular frequency is modulated for the phase carrier,
in the form of a carrier phase delay,
for the signal to be detected, phi0The phase of the working point of the interferometer is a slow variable. The formula (5) is developed according to a Bessel function form to obtain:
multiplying a pair of local reference signals shown in the formula (2) by the formula (6) respectively and performing low-pass filtering to obtain a pair of signals:
to carry out
Operate and will
The carrier phase time delay can be calculated by averaging in time
Multiplying a pair of local reference signals shown in the formula (4) by the formula (6) respectively and performing low-pass filtering to obtain a pair of orthogonal signals:
finally, the two orthogonal signals in the formula (8) are divided
As shown in FIG. 2, when C is in the range of 2.25-5.45, the nonlinear coefficient term xi isnonlinearAll values of (A) are in the range of 0.9 to 1.1. Therefore, after taking the simultaneous arctangent of equation (7), the nonlinear system can be eliminatedThe influence of the terms on the harmonic distortion generated by signal detection is
Finally, the phase phi of the working point is filtered out by a high-pass filter0The method can better solve the problem of harmonic distortion in the optical fiber hydrophone signal detection when the C value is changed greatly due to different water depths.
Let A equal to 1, B equal to 0.9, f0＝32kHz，
φ0＝π/4，
And simulating the signal detection process. In the simulation, the harmonic distortion of the detected signal is expressed by Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula GkIs the amplitude of the kth harmonic, G1The amplitude of the fundamental wave is obtained by taking the first ten harmonics in practical calculation.
Fig. 3 shows a time domain diagram and a frequency spectrum diagram of a signal demodulated by the method when the phase carrier modulation amplitude C is 4, and it can be seen that the method can detect a signal to be detected without distortion, and the total harmonic distortion THD is-101.3 dB.
Fig. 4 shows a time domain diagram and a frequency spectrum diagram of a signal demodulated by using the method when the phase carrier modulation amplitude C is 2.25, and it can be seen that, although a series of harmonics are generated, the total harmonic distortion THD is-40.77 dB and lower than-40 dB, and the influence on signal detection is small.
Fig. 5 shows a time domain diagram and a frequency spectrum diagram of a signal demodulated by using the method when the phase carrier modulation amplitude C is 5.45, and it can be seen that, although a series of harmonics are generated, the total harmonic distortion THD is-40.36 dB and lower than-40 dB, and the influence on signal detection is small.
The above-described embodiments of one embodiment are only intended to illustrate the present invention, and not to limit the present invention, and any person skilled in the art may make various modifications, changes or substitutions without departing from the technical scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical methods should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
The above is only a specific application example of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any way. All the technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting a full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal of an optical fiber hydrophone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: generating modulation frequency f in optical fiber hydrophone output light interference signal by PGC method0Modulating a phase modulated carrier of depth C;
s2: detecting an optical interference signal output by the optical fiber hydrophone by using a photoelectric detector, and converting the optical interference signal into an electric interference signal V;
s3: determination of carrier phase delay of electrical interference signals using carrier phase delay determination
S4: using a pair of local reference signals
Respectively multiplied by the electric interference signals to obtain a pair of mixing signals m1、m2Wherein m is1To use a reference signal v1Mixing by multiplication with electrical interference signalsSignal, m2To use a reference signal v2Multiplying the electrical interference signal to obtain a mixed signal;
s5: for mixing frequency signal m1、m2Low-pass filtering with low-pass filters to obtain filtered mixing signals s1、s2；
S6: using filtered mixing signals s1、s2V. carrying outs＝arctan(s1/s2) And the external acoustic signal applied to the optical fiber hydrophone can be detected by operation and high-pass filtering.
2. The method for detecting the optical fiber hydrophone full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal according to claim 1, characterized in that: at S1, the PGC method includes generating a phase carrier using laser frequency modulation in conjunction with an unequal arm interferometer.
3. The method for detecting the optical fiber hydrophone full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S1, the PGC method further includes adding a phase modulator in one arm of the interferometer to generate a phase carrier.
4. The method for detecting the optical fiber hydrophone full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S3, the method for measuring carrier phase delay includes the steps of:
s3.1: using a pair of local reference signals for extracting carrier phase delay
Respectively multiplied by the electric interference signals to obtain a pair of mixing signals p1、p2Wherein p is1To use a reference signal d1Frequency-mixing signals, p, multiplied by electrical interference signals2To use a reference signal d2Multiplying the electrical interference signal to obtain a mixed signal;
s3.2: mix the mixtureFrequency signal p1、p2Low-pass filtering with low-pass filters to obtain filtered mixing signals g1、g2；
S3.3: using filtered mixing signals g1、g2To proceed with
Operate and then will
The carrier phase time delay can be calculated by averaging in time
5. The method for detecting the optical fiber hydrophone full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal according to claim 1, characterized in that: at S4, three linear coefficients a of a pair of local reference signals2、a3、a4Calculated according to the following matrix formula:
in the formula, Jk(C) K is 2,3,4 is the value of the Bessel function of the first class of k order at C, J'k(C) Is Jk(C) First derivative of (1), J ″)k(C) Is Jk(C) The second derivative of (a).
6. The method for detecting the optical fiber hydrophone full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal according to claim 4, characterized in that: taking the modulation depth C as 4, the linear coefficient a of the local reference signal can be calculated according to the formula (3)2＝2.388,a3＝-3.7942,a4-2.4778; at this time, the pair of local reference signals can be obtained as
7. The method for detecting the optical fiber hydrophone full-sea-depth high-stability photoelectric signal according to claim 5, characterized in that: and (3) carrying out signal detection on the pair of local reference signals according to the detection step shown in the formula (4), and realizing low-distortion stable signal detection with the modulation depth C being randomly changed within the range of 2.25-5.45.
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