CN113375382B - System for preparing fluid ice by dehumidification and evaporation of rotating wheel driven by transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump - Google Patents

System for preparing fluid ice by dehumidification and evaporation of rotating wheel driven by transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113375382B
CN113375382B CN202110732424.7A CN202110732424A CN113375382B CN 113375382 B CN113375382 B CN 113375382B CN 202110732424 A CN202110732424 A CN 202110732424A CN 113375382 B CN113375382 B CN 113375382B
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air
water
ice
evaporation
dehumidification
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CN113375382A (en
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岳峥
张小松
赵善国
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Nanjing Dongda Intelligent Environmental Energy Research Institute Co ltd
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Nanjing Dongda Intelligent Environmental Energy Research Institute Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/06—Superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

Abstract

The invention provides a system for preparing fluid ice by dehumidification and evaporation of a rotating wheel driven by a trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump. The heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system takes carbon dioxide as circulation, on one hand, pre-cools circulating water and circulating air, and on the other hand, heats regeneration air through heat recovery under transcritical high temperature. The evaporation ice making system takes water as circulation, and precooled circulating water enters an evaporation ice making chamber and is evaporated and cooled in air with low moisture content to generate fluid ice. The rotary wheel dehumidification system takes air as circulation, and the wet air from the evaporation ice making chamber passes through a dehumidification area to be dehumidified to obtain low-moisture-content air and then is sent back; the dehumidification area recovers the dehumidification capacity through the heating of the regeneration air. The invention greatly reduces the energy consumption of ice making by rotating wheel dehumidification, and simultaneously utilizes carbon dioxide as a circulating heat pump to carry out high-temperature heat recovery, thereby being a novel energy-saving, high-efficiency and environment-friendly fluidized ice making system.

Description

System for preparing fluid ice by dehumidification and evaporation of rotating wheel driven by transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system for preparing fluid ice, in particular to a system for preparing fluid ice by dehumidification and evaporation of a runner driven by a transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump.
Background
With the development of economic society, the problem of energy shortage is gradually highlighted, and the problem of energy consumption of refrigeration equipment including air conditioning systems draws wide social attention. Ice storage is one of the most important energy-saving technologies at present, and is an effective method for power peak shifting and valley filling and solving peak power shortage. As a good medium for ice cold storage, fluid ice is widely used in the fields of building air conditioning, large-scale regional cold supply, industrial production, food preservation, transportation, ocean fishing, aquaculture, medical treatment and health care and the like due to good thermophysical characteristics of the fluid ice. On the other hand, the refrigerant required by the traditional preparation of the fluid ice has the problems of environmental damage, ozone layer cavities and greenhouse effect, along with the proposal of the targets of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization in China, the natural refrigerant adopting carbon dioxide is cheap and easy to obtain, has no damage to the natural environment, and is a refrigeration working medium choice with great prospect.
In the current method for preparing the fluid ice, the problem that the fluid ice prepared by the supercooling method is easy to be blocked in an evaporator pipeline due to the instability of supercooled water is solved; the mechanical scraper type ice making method is the most widely commercialized ice making method, but needs to consume a large amount of additional mechanical power; the traditional vacuum method for preparing the fluid ice has larger energy consumption of a vacuum pump, and on the basis, the method for preparing the fluid ice through solution dehumidification and evaporation has higher requirement on the concentration of a dehumidification solution, a solution dehumidification system is complex, and the preparation cost of the fluid ice is increased.
Therefore, a system for preparing fluid ice by dehumidification evaporation of a rotating wheel driven by a trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump, which is novel, energy-saving, efficient and environment-friendly, is urgently needed, wherein the system can greatly reduce the energy consumption of ice making through rotating wheel dehumidification, and simultaneously utilizes carbon dioxide as a circulating heat pump to carry out high-temperature heat recovery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system for preparing fluid ice by rotating wheel dehumidification evaporation driven by a trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump, which greatly reduces the energy consumption of ice making through rotating wheel dehumidification, and realizes novel energy-saving, high-efficiency and environment-friendly effects by utilizing carbon dioxide to carry out high-temperature heat recovery for a circulating heat pump.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a system for preparing fluid ice by dehumidification and evaporation of a runner driven by a transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump comprises: the heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system takes carbon dioxide as a circulating working medium, on one hand, pre-cools circulating water and circulating air, and on the other hand, heats regenerated air through heat recovery under a transcritical high temperature; the evaporation ice making system takes water as a circulating working medium, precooled circulating water enters an evaporation ice making chamber, and the circulating water is evaporated and cooled in air with low temperature and low moisture content to generate fluid ice; the rotating wheel dehumidification system takes air as a circulating working medium, and the wet air from the evaporation ice making chamber passes through a dehumidification area to be dehumidified to obtain low-moisture-content air and then is sent back to the evaporation ice making chamber; the dehumidification area recovers the dehumidification capacity through the heating of the regeneration air under the rotation of the rotating wheel.
Further, the heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system comprises a water storage tank, a compressor, a gas cooler, a gas-liquid separator, a heat regenerator, a first throttle valve, a second throttle valve, a water-cooling evaporator, an air-cooling evaporator, a pressure regulating valve and a circulating water pump; firstly, refrigerant carbon dioxide is compressed by a compressor to form high-temperature gas in a transcritical state, the regenerated air is heated by sensible heat and heat release of a gas cooler, and the cooled low-temperature carbon dioxide is further subcooled by a heat regenerator, so that throttling loss in a first throttling valve or a second throttling valve is reduced; then, one part of the refrigerant enters a water-cooling evaporator through the throttling of a first throttling valve, and the other part of the refrigerant enters an air-cooling evaporator through the throttling of a second throttling valve; and finally, after the refrigerant is regulated by the pressure regulating valve, the two parts of refrigerant are converged into the gas-liquid separator under the same pressure, and the carbon dioxide gas enters the compressor again, so that the refrigerant cycle is completed.
Preferably, the gas cooler is a heat exchanger of carbon dioxide gas and air, and the carbon dioxide gas does not have a phase change process and has large temperature slippage in a supercritical state, so that the regenerated air is heated and controlled to be capable of reaching more than 70 ℃; the water-cooled evaporator is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger of carbon dioxide liquid and water, a refrigerant passes through a tube pass, phase change and heat absorption are carried out under the condition of being lower than a critical state, circulating water passes through a shell pass, and the circulating water is controlled to be cooled to be above 0 ℃; the air-cooled evaporator is a heat exchanger of carbon dioxide liquid and air, the refrigerant absorbs heat through phase change, and the circulating air is controlled to be cooled to about minus 3 ℃.
Further, the evaporation ice making system comprises a freezing water tank, a first freezing water pump, an evaporation ice making chamber, an atomizing nozzle, a supercooling release device, an ice-water separator, a second freezing water pump and an ice storage tank; the evaporation ice making chamber is a place where water is evaporated and absorbs heat to form fluid ice, and is connected with an outlet of a first chilled water pump through a first inlet, and an inlet of the first chilled water pump is connected with a chilled water tank, so that chilled water is introduced into the evaporation ice making chamber; the evaporation ice making chamber is connected with an inlet of the ice-water separator through a first outlet, and a first outlet of the ice-water separator is connected with a second chilled water pump and then connected to the chilled water tank, so that unfrozen chilled water is led back to the chilled water tank again; the second outlet of the ice-water separator is connected with the ice storage tank so as to store the separated fluid ice; the second inlet is connected with the outlet of the air-cooled evaporator, low-temperature air with low moisture content is introduced, the second outlet is connected with the inlet of the circulating fan, and a large amount of wet air after evaporation is discharged.
Preferably, the process of preparing the fluid ice by the evaporation ice-making system comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that chilled water with the temperature of more than 0 ℃ in a chilled water tank firstly enters an atomizing nozzle through a first chilled water pump, and the atomizing nozzle pressurizes and atomizes the chilled water into water drops with very small diameters; meanwhile, the circulating air is processed into dry air with the wet bulb temperature below-2 ℃ after being dehumidified by a rotary wheel dehumidifier in the rotary wheel dehumidification system and cooled by a hollow cold evaporator in the heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system; then enters the evaporation ice-making chamber through the second inlet; then, water drops are put in dry low-temperature air, heat transfer and mass transfer are generated due to partial pressure difference and temperature difference of water vapor, one part of water is evaporated and absorbs heat to form water vapor, the other part of water is cooled to be below 0 ℃ to form supercooled water, and a small part of water drops are fully and directly cooled to generate ice crystals due to heat exchange; finally, the supercooled water which is not frozen passes through a supercooling relieving device arranged at the bottom of the evaporation ice making chamber, the supercooled state is relieved to form ice crystals, and the ice crystals are separated through the separation effect of an ice-water separator to obtain the fluid ice.
Further, the rotary wheel dehumidification system comprises a circulating fan, an air-air heat exchanger, a rotary wheel dehumidifier, a regenerative heater and a regenerative fan; the dehumidification area of the rotary wheel dehumidifier is connected with a circulating fan through an air-air heat exchanger, an air-cooled evaporator, an evaporation ice making chamber to form closed circulation of air, and the air with low moisture content and low temperature obtained by circulating and reciprocating is sent into the evaporation ice making chamber; the regeneration zone of the rotary dehumidifier is connected with the gas cooler through the regenerative heater, the regenerative fan and the gas cooler to form an open cycle of regenerative air, and the regeneration zone is continuously subjected to moisture desorption to recover the dehumidification capacity.
Preferably, in the rotary wheel dehumidifier, honeycomb-shaped flow channels are distributed on the section of a rotary wheel, the section is divided into a dehumidification area and a regeneration area in a ratio of 3:1 by a heat insulation partition plate, and lithium chloride with good and stable performance is selected as a solid adsorbent to achieve deep dehumidification; an air-air heat exchanger is arranged to reduce the circulating air heated after dehumidification; after the regeneration air passes through the gas cooler, the heating power of the regeneration heater is controlled according to the temperature of the regeneration air and the air quantity of the regeneration fan, so that the regeneration air meets the regeneration requirement of a regeneration area.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the technology of preparing the fluidized ice by adopting the evaporation supercooling of the rotating wheel dehumidification is adopted. The freezing water is evaporated and cooled in the air with low moisture content and low temperature, one part of the water is evaporated and absorbs heat, the other part of the water is cooled to form supercooled water so as to form ice crystals, and the latent heat of vaporization of one part of the water is utilized to make up the latent heat of solidification of the other part of the water, so that the energy consumption of cooling and freezing is reduced. In addition, compared with the supercooling method, the supercooling step is completed in the falling process of the water in the ice making chamber of the evaporation chamber, so that the ice blockage phenomenon of a subcooler in the supercooling method is avoided, and the continuous evaporation of the water ensures that the ice content formed after supercooling is higher.
(2) Deep dehumidification and low dehumidification energy consumption. Compared with solution dehumidification, the rotary wheel dehumidification adopting the solid adsorbent can achieve air with lower moisture content, so that the evaporation ice making efficiency of the fluidized ice is improved, the system equipment adopting the rotary wheel dehumidification is simple and compact, the high-temperature heat release of the carbon dioxide heat pump system can be efficiently utilized, the regeneration of the desiccant is realized, and the energy consumption of the regeneration is greatly saved.
(3) By adopting the trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump system, the advantages of high physical properties such as high density, high heat exchange coefficient and the like of carbon dioxide under supercritical pressure are utilized, the size of a compressor and the size of system equipment and pipelines can be reduced, and meanwhile, the temperature of carbon dioxide is continuously reduced in the sensible heat release process of the high-pressure side, so that the regenerated air can be continuously heated to a high temperature, and the regeneration requirement of rotary wheel dehumidification is met.
(4) And the overall advantage complementation and the comprehensive utilization of all parts of energy are realized through the combined operation of the composite system. The carbon dioxide heat pump system provides cold energy for reducing the temperature of circulating water and circulating air and improves the generation efficiency of fluid ice on one hand, and provides regenerated heat for the rotary wheel dehumidification system on the other hand; the rotary wheel dehumidification system provides air with extremely low moisture content for the evaporation ice making system, so that good evaporation ice making conditions are ensured, and the effective improvement of the system operation efficiency is realized by utilizing the idea of internal circulation waste heat of the composite system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
notation in the figure: the system comprises a water storage tank 1, a freezing water tank 2, a first freezing water pump 3, an evaporation ice making chamber 4, an atomizing nozzle 5, a supercooling release device 6, an ice-water separator 7, a second freezing water pump 8, an ice storage tank 9, a circulating fan 10, an air-air heat exchanger 11, a rotary dehumidifier 12, a dehumidification region 13, a regeneration region 14, a regeneration heater 15, a regeneration fan 16, a compressor 17, a gas cooler 18, a gas-liquid separator 19, a heat regenerator 20, a first throttle valve 21, a second throttle valve, a 22 water-cooling evaporator 23, an air-cooling evaporator 24, a pressure regulating valve 25, a circulating water pump 26, a first inlet 27, a first outlet 28, a second inlet 29 and a second outlet 30.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic system diagram of a system for producing fluidized ice by dehumidification and evaporation of a rotating wheel driven by a transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump includes, in this embodiment, a heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system, an evaporation ice-making system, and a rotating wheel dehumidification system;
the heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system takes carbon dioxide as a circulating working medium, and on one hand, pre-cools circulating water and circulating air; on the other hand, the regeneration air is heated by heat recovery under the transcritical high temperature; the heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system comprises a water storage tank 1, a compressor 17, a gas cooler 18, a gas-liquid separator 19, a heat regenerator 20, a first throttle valve 21, a second throttle valve 22, a water-cooling evaporator 23, an air-cooling evaporator 24, a pressure regulating valve 25 and a circulating water pump 26. Firstly, refrigerant carbon dioxide is compressed by a compressor 17 to form high-temperature gas in a transcritical state, and the regenerative air is heated by sensible heat release of a gas cooler 18, because the temperature of the carbon dioxide is continuously reduced in the sensible heat release process of a high-pressure side, the regenerative air can be continuously heated to a very high temperature, and the outlet regenerative air of the gas cooler is controlled to reach more than 70 ℃, so that the regeneration requirement of rotary wheel dehumidification is met; then, the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas from the gas cooler 18 enters the heat regenerator 20 to be further subcooled, thereby reducing throttling loss in the expansion valve; then, a part of the refrigerant enters a water-cooling evaporator 23 through the throttling of a first throttling valve 21 to control the circulating water to be cooled to be above 0 ℃, and the other part of the refrigerant enters an air-cooling evaporator 24 through the throttling of a second throttling valve 22 to control the circulating air to be cooled to be about-3 ℃; finally, after the adjustment by the pressure adjusting valve 25, the two portions of the refrigerant are merged into the gas-liquid separator 19 under the same pressure, and the carbon dioxide gas enters the compressor 17, thereby completing the refrigerant cycle.
The rotary wheel dehumidification system takes air as a circulating working medium, and the wet air from the evaporation ice making chamber 4 passes through the dehumidification area 13 to obtain low-moisture-content air and then is sent back to the evaporation ice making chamber 4; the dehumidification area 13 recovers the dehumidification capacity through the heating of the regeneration air introduced into the regeneration area 14 under the rotation of the rotating wheel; the rotary wheel dehumidification system comprises a circulating fan 10, an air-air heat exchanger 11, a rotary wheel dehumidifier 12, a regenerative heater 15 and a regenerative fan 16; the specific process of the dehumidification cycle comprises the following steps: the wet air from the evaporation ice making chamber 4 is sucked by a circulating fan 10, enters an air-air heat exchanger 11, cools the circulating air which is heated due to adsorption heat after the dehumidification process is finished so as to reduce the cooling energy consumption of the circulating air, then enters a dehumidification region 13 of a rotary wheel dehumidifier 12 through a honeycomb-shaped micro-channel, lithium chloride is used as a solid hygroscopic agent on the channel wall, when the solid hygroscopic agent is cooled by the air, the corresponding partial pressure of water vapor is smaller than that of the treated air, the water vapor is adsorbed into the hygroscopic agent, the dehumidification purpose is realized, and when the heated dry air is cooled by the air-air heat exchanger 11 and an air-cooling evaporator 24 and then is sent into the evaporation ice making chamber 4 again, the closed circulation of the air is finished; the specific regeneration process of the rotary wheel dehumidification system comprises the following steps: the moisture absorption amount of the dehumidification flow channel gradually approaches saturation along with the rotation of the runner, when the flow channel after moisture absorption rotates to a regeneration area, hot air flows through the honeycomb flow channels, the flow channel wall containing the solid moisture absorbent is heated, the corresponding water vapor partial pressure is higher than that of the regeneration air, and the moisture in the moisture absorbent is separated out. The regenerated air comes from the ambient air, and due to the change of the ambient temperature in winter and summer, the possible temperature of the regenerated air heated by the gas cooler 18 of the carbon dioxide heat pump system is lower, and the heating power of the regenerative heater 15 can be controlled according to the outlet temperature and the air volume of the regenerative fan 16, so that the regenerative heater meets the regeneration requirement of the regeneration area 14; the dehumidification and regeneration processes are alternately carried out along with the rotation of the rotating wheel, and the rotating wheel dehumidification system can continuously run in a circulating way.
The evaporation ice-making system takes water as a circulating working medium, and precooled circulating water enters an evaporation ice-making chamber and is evaporated and cooled in low-temperature and low-moisture-content air to generate fluid ice; the evaporation ice making system comprises a freezing water tank 2, a first freezing water pump 3, an evaporation ice making chamber 4, an atomizing nozzle 5, a supercooling release device 6, an ice-water separator 7, a second freezing water pump 8 and an ice storage tank 9; two inlets and two outlets are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the evaporation ice making chamber 4, wherein the first inlet 27 and the first outlet 28 are used as inlet and outlet channels of chilled water, and the second inlet 29 and the second outlet 30 are used as inlet and outlet channels of circulating air; the specific process of preparing the fluid ice by the evaporation ice-making system comprises the following steps: step one, continuously exchanging heat with a water-cooled evaporator 23 through a circulating water pump 26 to ensure that the temperature in a water storage tank reaches about 2 ℃; secondly, water in the water storage tank 1 flows to the freezing water tank 2 through a valve, the freezing water tank 2 introduces the freezing water into the atomizing nozzle 5 through the first freezing water pump 3, and the atomizing nozzle 5 pressurizes and atomizes the freezing water into water drops with very small diameters; thirdly, after the circulating air is dehumidified by the rotary wheel dehumidifier 11, the water vapor partial pressure is ensured to be below 611Pa, and after the heat exchange of the air cooling evaporator 24, the circulating air is ensured to be cooled to about-3 ℃, and finally enters the evaporation ice making chamber 4; fourthly, water drops are in dry low-temperature air (the dew point temperature is below minus 2 ℃), heat and mass transfer occurs due to the partial pressure difference and the temperature difference of water vapor, and the limit of the temperature reduction of the water drops is the dew point temperature of the circulating air, so that in the falling process of the water drops under the action of gravity, one part of the water drops are evaporated and absorb heat to form water vapor, the other part of the water drops are cooled to be below 0 ℃ to form supercooled water, and the small part of the water drops fully and directly generate ice crystals due to heat exchange. Finally, the supercooled water which is not frozen passes through a supercooling relieving device 6 arranged at the bottom of the evaporation ice making chamber 4, the supercooled state is relieved to form ice crystals, and the ice crystals are separated through the separation effect of an ice-water separator 7 to obtain fluid ice and are sent into a refrigerator 9.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. System for runner dehumidification evaporation of transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump driven prepares fluid state ice, its characterized in that includes:
the heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system takes carbon dioxide as a circulating working medium, on one hand, pre-cools circulating water and circulating air, and on the other hand, heats regenerated air through heat recovery under a transcritical high temperature;
the evaporation ice making system takes water as a circulating working medium, precooled circulating water enters an evaporation ice making chamber, and the circulating water is evaporated and cooled in air with low temperature and low moisture content to generate fluid ice;
the rotating wheel dehumidification system takes air as a circulating working medium, and the wet air from the evaporation ice making chamber passes through a dehumidification area to be dehumidified to obtain low-moisture-content air and then is sent back to the evaporation ice making chamber; the dehumidification area recovers the dehumidification capacity through the heating of the regeneration air under the rotation of the rotating wheel;
the heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system comprises a water storage tank, a compressor, a gas cooler, a gas-liquid separator, a heat regenerator, a first throttling valve, a second throttling valve, a water-cooling evaporator, an air-cooling evaporator, a pressure regulating valve and a circulating water pump; firstly, refrigerant carbon dioxide is compressed by a compressor to form high-temperature gas in a transcritical state, the regenerated air is heated by sensible heat and heat release of a gas cooler, and the cooled low-temperature carbon dioxide is further subcooled by a heat regenerator, so that throttling loss in a first throttling valve or a second throttling valve is reduced; then, one part of the refrigerant enters the water-cooled evaporator through the throttling of the first throttling valve, and the other part of the refrigerant enters the air-cooled evaporator through the throttling of the second throttling valve; finally, after the refrigerant is regulated by the pressure regulating valve, the two parts of refrigerant are converged into the gas-liquid separator under the same pressure, and the carbon dioxide gas enters the compressor again, so that the refrigerant circulation is completed;
the evaporation ice making system comprises a freezing water tank, a first freezing water pump, an evaporation ice making chamber, an atomizing nozzle, a supercooling release device, an ice-water separator, a second freezing water pump and an ice storage tank; the evaporation ice making chamber is a place where water is evaporated and absorbs heat to form fluid ice, and is connected with an outlet of a first chilled water pump through a first inlet, and an inlet of the first chilled water pump is connected with a chilled water tank, so that chilled water is introduced into the evaporation ice making chamber; the evaporation ice making chamber is connected with an inlet of the ice-water separator through a first outlet, and a first outlet of the ice-water separator is connected with a second chilled water pump and then connected to the chilled water tank, so that unfrozen chilled water is led back to the chilled water tank again; the second outlet of the ice-water separator is connected with the ice storage pool so as to store the separated fluid ice; the second inlet is connected with the outlet of the air-cooled evaporator, low-temperature air with low moisture content is introduced, the second outlet is connected with the inlet of the circulating fan, and a large amount of wet air after evaporation is discharged;
the water storage tank exchanges heat with the water-cooling evaporator through the circulating water pump, and water in the water storage tank flows to the freezing water tank through the valve;
the rotary wheel dehumidification system comprises a circulating fan, an air-air heat exchanger, a rotary wheel dehumidifier, a regenerative heater and a regenerative fan; the dehumidification area of the rotary wheel dehumidifier is connected with a circulating fan through an air-air heat exchanger, an air-cooled evaporator, an evaporation ice making chamber to form closed circulation of air, and the air with low moisture content and low temperature obtained by circulating and reciprocating is sent into the evaporation ice making chamber; the regeneration zone of the rotary dehumidifier is connected with the gas cooler through the regenerative heater, the regenerative fan and the gas cooler to form an open cycle of regenerative air, and the regeneration zone is continuously subjected to moisture desorption to recover the dehumidification capacity.
2. The system for preparing the fluid ice by the dehumidification and evaporation of the rotating wheel driven by the trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump according to claim 1, wherein the gas cooler is a heat exchanger of carbon dioxide gas and air, the carbon dioxide gas does not undergo a phase change process and undergoes a large temperature slip in a supercritical state, so that the regeneration air is heated and controlled to be more than 70 ℃; the water-cooled evaporator is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger of carbon dioxide liquid and water, a refrigerant passes through a tube pass, phase change and heat absorption are carried out under the condition of being lower than a critical state, circulating water passes through a shell pass, and the circulating water is controlled to be cooled to be above 0 ℃; the air-cooled evaporator is a heat exchanger of carbon dioxide liquid and air, the refrigerant absorbs heat through phase change, and the circulating air is controlled to be cooled to-3 ℃.
3. The system for preparing fluid ice by dehumidifying and evaporating the rotating wheel driven by the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process for preparing fluid ice by the evaporation ice-making system is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps that chilled water with the temperature of more than 0 ℃ in a chilled water tank firstly enters an atomizing nozzle through a first chilled water pump, and the atomizing nozzle pressurizes and atomizes the chilled water into water drops with very small diameters; meanwhile, the circulating air is processed into dry air with the wet bulb temperature below-2 ℃ after being dehumidified by a rotary wheel dehumidifier in the rotary wheel dehumidification system and cooled by a hollow cold evaporator in the heat pump pre-cooling and heat recovery system; then enters the evaporation ice-making chamber through the second inlet; then, water drops are put in dry low-temperature air, heat transfer and mass transfer are generated due to partial pressure difference and temperature difference of water vapor, one part of water is evaporated and absorbs heat to form water vapor, the other part of water is cooled to be below 0 ℃ to form supercooled water, and a small part of water drops are fully and directly cooled to generate ice crystals due to heat exchange; finally, the supercooled water which is not frozen passes through a supercooling relieving device arranged at the bottom of the evaporation ice making chamber, the supercooled state is relieved to form ice crystals, and the ice crystals are separated through the separation effect of an ice-water separator to obtain the fluid ice.
4. The system for preparing the fluidized ice by the dehumidification and evaporation of the rotating wheel driven by the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the rotating wheel dehumidifier, the section of the rotating wheel is fully distributed with honeycomb-shaped flow channels, the section of the rotating wheel is divided into a dehumidification area and a regeneration area in a ratio of 3:1 by a heat insulation partition plate, and lithium chloride with good and stable performance is selected as a solid adsorbent to achieve deep dehumidification; an air-air heat exchanger is arranged to reduce the circulating air heated after dehumidification; after the regeneration air passes through the gas cooler, the heating power of the regeneration heater is controlled according to the temperature of the regeneration air and the air quantity of the regeneration fan, so that the regeneration air meets the regeneration requirement of a regeneration area.
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CN1587863A (en) * 2004-09-29 2005-03-02 上海交通大学 Over critical CO2 refrigeration and rotary wheel dehumidifying combined air conditioning system

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CN1587863A (en) * 2004-09-29 2005-03-02 上海交通大学 Over critical CO2 refrigeration and rotary wheel dehumidifying combined air conditioning system

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