CN113372730B - Self-healing asphalt material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Self-healing asphalt material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of road engineering materials, in particular to a self-healing asphalt material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the self-healing asphalt material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-10% of carbon nano tube, 0.1-10% of graphene, 1-30% of rubber powder and 70-95% of matrix asphalt. The self-healing asphalt material is compositely modified by the carbon nano tube/graphene/rubber, so that the self-healing performance of the asphalt material is improved, and the possibility of repairing micro cracks in the asphalt material in a short time under the action of microwave or inductance is realized; the hybridization of the carbon nano tube and the graphene has a synergistic improvement effect on the conductivity of the material, and the thermal healing of the asphalt can be quickly realized by electric heating and magnetic heating technologies; and the carbon nano tube, the graphene and the rubber also have a modification effect on the matrix asphalt, so that the pavement performance of the asphalt material is obviously improved. The polymer rubber powder adopted by the invention is all taken from waste rubber tires, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by the waste tires can be relieved, so the invention has more application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road engineering materials, in particular to a self-healing asphalt material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The transportation system has guiding and basic functions in the development of national economy. Most roads in China adopt asphalt concrete pavements, and the asphalt concrete pavements are gradually cracked and damaged under the repeated action of vehicles, so that the maintenance and repair requirements of the roads, particularly expressways, are urgent.
At present, the treatment measures for the diseases such as the pavement cracks of the old roads mainly comprise methods such as a crack filling method, a repairing agent spraying method and the like, but the maintenance and repair methods are complex in process and high in cost, and are not beneficial to the requirements of actual engineering. Although researchers in the past put forward the concept of self-repairing asphalt by combining the doping of the metal conductive phase and the electromagnetic heating mode, the metal conductive phase has too large size, so that local heating temperature is too high in the practical application process, asphalt is aged, and the rest parts are insufficiently heated, so that the ideal self-repairing purpose cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a self-healing asphalt material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of the self-healing asphalt material comprises the steps of preparing a carbon nano tube/graphene/rubber composite modified self-healing asphalt material by different mixing and dispersing processes of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT), graphene and rubber powder, greatly improving the road performance of modified asphalt, and heating the self-healing asphalt material in an electromagnetic induction or microwave mode to increase the self-healing capacity of the asphalt.
Studies in the prior art have used carbon nanotubes or graphene for modification of asphalt, but most of the modifications aim at improvement of mechanical properties of asphalt; the preparation of self-healing modified asphalt by combining carbon nanotubes or graphene with rubber has not been studied in the prior art. The nano-material carbon nano-tube and the graphene are mainly added as a conductive phase material or a wave-absorbing material, so that the modified asphalt has wave-absorbing and conductive capabilities; meanwhile, the hybridization of the two has a synergistic improvement effect on the electrical conductivity of the material, and the thermal healing of the asphalt can be quickly realized through electric heating and magnetic heating technologies; the addition of the polymer rubber has the functions of assisting dispersion and increasing healing capacity, on one hand, swelling, degradation and desulfurization reaction of rubber powder in hot asphalt can accelerate the dissolution of the rubber, and dispersion of the carbon nano tubes and graphene can also be transplanted to the dissolution process of the rubber, so that the dispersion uniformity of the carbon nano tubes and the graphene in the asphalt is improved, and the problems of insufficient and uneven heating of the self-healing asphalt and the like are avoided; on the other hand, the rubber modified asphalt improves the flow characteristic of the asphalt at high temperature, increases the possibility of asphalt contact at cracks, and can effectively improve the self-healing capability of the asphalt.
Specifically, in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a self-healing asphalt material, comprising, in mass percent: 0.1-10% of carbon nano tube, 0.1-10% of graphene, 1-30% of rubber powder and 70-95% of matrix asphalt.
Preferably, the self-healing asphalt material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% -5% of carbon nano tubes, 1% -5% of graphene, 1% -10% of rubber powder and 80% -95% of matrix asphalt.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the self-healing asphalt material of the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
(a1) Adding the carbon nano tube and the graphene into the molten asphalt, and manually stirring until the carbon nano tube and the graphene completely enter the matrix;
(a2) Dispersing the carbon nano tubes and the graphene by adopting a high-speed shearing method, so that the carbon nano tubes and the graphene are fully dispersed in the asphalt;
(a3) And (3) adding molten rubber into the mixture obtained in the step (2), mechanically stirring, and heating at constant temperature in the mixing process to obtain the self-healing asphalt material.
Alternatively, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(b1) Dispersing carbon nanotubes and graphene in molten rubber, and preparing a carbon nanotube/graphene/rubber composite material in an extrusion mode;
(b2) Dispersing the prepared carbon nano tube/graphene/rubber composite material in molten asphalt by adopting a high-speed shearing method;
(b3) And (3) after the high-speed shearing is finished, mechanically stirring, and heating at constant temperature in the stirring and mixing process to obtain the self-healing asphalt material.
Preferably, step (a)2) And (b)2) High-speed shearing is carried out for 30-60 minutes at the speed of 1000-10000 rpm;
preferably, step (a)3) And (b)3) Wherein the rotation speed of the stirring and mixing is 100-2000rpm, and the time of the stirring and mixing is 60-100 minutes; the constant temperature heating temperature is set to be 160 +/-1 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept by sleeving an electric heating sleeve.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a self-healing method for a self-healing asphalt material according to the first aspect, wherein after the self-healing asphalt material is aged or fatigue cracked to generate local microcracks, the self-healing asphalt material is heated by two methods as follows to repair the microcracks inside the self-healing asphalt material:
the first method comprises the following steps: adhering electrodes to two ends of the self-healing asphalt material by using conductive silver adhesive, accessing alternating current, raising the temperature of the self-healing asphalt material to be more than 100 ℃ in an electric heating mode, and quickly repairing micro cracks in the self-healing asphalt material;
preferably, the voltage of the alternating current is 36V, and the electrifying time is 1h-12 h;
the second method comprises the following steps: and heating the self-healing asphalt material by using a microwave device, and heating the self-healing asphalt material in a microwave mode to repair the micro cracks in the self-healing asphalt material.
The specific embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the self-healing asphalt material prepared in the specific embodiment of the invention uses the carbon nano tube/graphene/rubber composite modification, thereby not only increasing the self-healing performance of the asphalt material, but also realizing the possibility of repairing the internal micro-cracks of the asphalt material in a short time under the action of microwave or inductance; hybridization of the carbon nano tube and the graphene has a synergistic improvement effect on the electrical conductivity of the material, and thermal healing of the asphalt can be quickly realized through an electric heat generation technology and a magnetic heat generation technology; and the carbon nano tube, the graphene and the rubber also have a modification effect on the matrix asphalt, so that the pavement performance of the asphalt material is obviously improved.
The polymer rubber is added to improve the dispersion uniformity of the carbon nano tube and the graphene in the asphalt, so that the problems of insufficient and uneven heating of the self-healing asphalt and the like are avoided; the flow characteristic of the asphalt at high temperature is improved, the possibility of asphalt contact at the crack is increased, and the self-healing capability of the asphalt can be effectively improved.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the carbon nano tube, the graphene and the rubber are combined to be compounded to improve the asphalt, so that the improvement of the asphalt performance by the low-dose carbon nano tube and the graphene is realized, the modification cost is reduced, and the application prospect is good.
The polymer rubber powder adopted by the invention is all taken from waste rubber tires, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by the waste tires can be relieved, so the invention has more application prospect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a curve showing the variation of rutting factors of crumb rubber modified self-healing asphalt materials prepared in example 1 of the present invention with the particle size of crumb rubber;
fig. 2 is a microscopic electron microscope picture of the self-healing asphalt material prepared in example 1 based on carbon nanotube/graphene/rubber composite modification before and after electrification and heating at a safe voltage of 36V after micro-cracks appear in the self-healing asphalt material after aging treatment;
wherein, fig. 2a is a microscopic electron microscope picture after aging treatment, and fig. 2b is a microscopic electron microscope picture after the microcracks are healed by electrical heating.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a self-healing asphalt material is provided, which comprises, by mass: 0.1% -10% of carbon nano tube, 0.1% -10% of graphene, 1% -30% of rubber powder and 70% -95% of matrix asphalt.
Preferably, the self-healing asphalt material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% -5% of carbon nano tubes, 1% -5% of graphene, 1% -10% of rubber powder and 80% -95% of matrix asphalt.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a preparation method of the self-healing asphalt material, including the following steps:
(a1) Adding the carbon nano tube and the graphene into the molten asphalt, and manually stirring until the carbon nano tube and the graphene completely enter the matrix;
(a2) Dispersing the carbon nano tubes and the graphene by adopting a high-speed shearing method, so that the carbon nano tubes and the graphene are fully dispersed in the asphalt;
(a3) And (3) adding molten rubber into the mixture obtained in the step (2), mechanically stirring, and heating at constant temperature in the mixing process to obtain the self-healing asphalt material.
Alternatively, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(b1) Dispersing carbon nanotubes and graphene in molten rubber, and preparing a carbon nanotube/graphene/rubber composite material in an extrusion mode;
(b2) Dispersing the prepared carbon nano tube/graphene/rubber composite material in molten asphalt by adopting a high-speed shearing method;
(b3) And (3) after the high-speed shearing is finished, mechanically stirring, and heating at constant temperature in the stirring and mixing process to obtain the self-healing asphalt material.
Preferably, step (a)2) And (b)2) High-speed shearing is carried out for 30-60 minutes at the speed of 1000-10000 rpm;
preferably, step (a)3) And (b)3) Wherein the rotation speed of the stirring and mixing is 100-2000rpm, and the time of the stirring and mixing is 60-100 minutes; the constant temperature heating temperature is set to be 160 +/-1 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept by sleeving an electric heating sleeve.
In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a self-healing method for repairing a micro-crack in a self-healing asphalt material, in which after a local micro-crack is generated due to aging cracking or fatigue cracking, the self-healing asphalt material is heated by the following two methods:
the first method comprises the following steps: adhering electrodes to two ends of the self-healing asphalt material by using conductive silver adhesive, accessing alternating current, raising the temperature of the self-healing asphalt material to be more than 100 ℃ in an electric heating mode, and quickly repairing micro cracks in the self-healing asphalt material;
preferably, the voltage of the alternating current is 36V, and the electrifying time is 1h-12 h;
the second method comprises the following steps: and heating the self-healing asphalt material by using a microwave device, and heating the self-healing asphalt material in a microwave mode to repair the micro cracks in the self-healing asphalt material.
The invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
(1) Weighing 1g of CNT and 1g of graphene, adding the CNT and the graphene into 190g of molten matrix asphalt, and manually stirring the mixture by using a glass rod until the carbon nano tube completely enters an asphalt matrix;
(2) further dispersing CNT and graphene by a high-speed shearing method, and carrying out high-speed shearing at the speed of 5000rpm for 50 minutes;
(3) finally, 8g of molten rubber powder was added to the mixture and mixed with a mechanical stirrer at 1500rpm for 80 minutes, during which the temperature was set to 160. + -. 1 ℃ and kept constant by mounting an electrical heating jacket. And preparing the self-healing asphalt material based on the carbon nano tube/graphene/rubber composite modification.
In this embodiment, the CNT and the graphene are fully dispersed into the matrix asphalt through manual stirring and high-shear shearing, and then the molten rubber is added and dispersed into the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nanotube, the graphene, the rubber and the matrix asphalt in the self-healing asphalt material based on the carbon nanotube/graphene/rubber composite modification is 0.5: 0.5: 4: 95.
example 2
(1) Firstly, dispersing 2.5g of CNT and 2.5g of graphene in 15g of molten rubber, and dispersing the CNT and the graphene in the rubber in an extrusion mode, thereby preparing the carbon nanotube/graphene/rubber composite material.
(2) The prepared 20g of carbon nanotube/graphene/rubber composite was dispersed in 180g of molten asphalt, subjected to high-speed shearing at a speed of 6000rpm for 60 minutes, and then mixed with a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 2000rpm for 100 minutes, during which the temperature was set to 160 ± 1 ℃ and kept constant by being sheathed with an electrical heating sheath. And preparing the self-healing asphalt material based on the carbon nano tube/graphene/rubber composite modification.
In this embodiment, the CNT and the graphene are fully dispersed in the rubber matrix by an extrusion dispersion method, the prepared carbon nanotube/graphene/rubber composite material is added into the molten asphalt, and the molten asphalt is dispersed by high-speed shearing, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nanotube, the graphene, the rubber and the matrix asphalt in the self-healing asphalt material based on the carbon nanotube/graphene/rubber composite modification is 0.5: 0.5: 3: 16.
the self-healing asphalt materials based on carbon nano tube/graphene/rubber composite modification prepared in the embodiments 1 and 2 have good conductivity and certain modification effect on asphalt.
Fig. 1 shows the effect of modifying the anti-rutting performance of the rubber powder modified asphalt material with different particle sizes, fig. 1 depicts the change curve of the rutting factor G/sin (δ) along with the particle size of the rubber powder, the higher the rutting factor, the stronger the anti-rutting ability, and it can be seen from the figure that the rutting factor of the modified asphalt increases along with the increase of the particle size of the rubber powder, and the proper rubber particle size and the proper amount of the rubber powder have obvious effect on improving the performance of the asphalt.
The self-healing asphalt material prepared in the embodiment 1 is aged in a rotary film oven for a short time, the image of a microscopic electron microscope after the aging is shown as the attached figure 2a, and the image shows that after the asphalt is aged, micro cracks are distributed in the self-healing asphalt material and are clearly visible under the scanning of the microscopic electron microscope; electrodes are pasted on two ends of the self-healing asphalt material after aging and cracking, alternating current with 36V safe voltage is connected, the appearance graph of the asphalt material is observed after the materials are electrified for 1h, as shown in the attached drawing 2b, the temperature of the self-healing asphalt material can be increased to be more than 100 ℃ through the mode of electric heating after the materials are electrified for 1h, and micro cracks in the self-healing asphalt material can be quickly repaired.
Comparative example 1
(1) Weighing 2g of graphene, adding the graphene into 198g of molten matrix asphalt, and manually stirring the graphene with a glass rod until the graphene completely enters an asphalt matrix;
(2) and further dispersing graphene by adopting a high-speed shearing method, carrying out high-speed shearing at the speed of 5000rpm for 50 minutes, then mixing at the speed of 1500rpm for 80 minutes, and setting the temperature to be 160 +/-1 ℃ in the mixing process and keeping the temperature constant by sleeving an electric heating sleeve to prepare the self-healing asphalt material modified by the graphene.
According to the self-healing asphalt, only a graphene single conductive substance is selected as a conductive phase material of the self-healing asphalt, and the self-healing asphalt prepared by the comparative example is connected with an alternating current with a 36V safe voltage, so that an observable crack in a topographic map can disappear after 5 hours; and the temperature of 1h of electrification is only increased to 62 ℃, and the self-repairing efficiency is greatly reduced.
Comparative example 2
(1) Weighing 2g of carbon nano tube, adding the carbon nano tube into 198g of molten matrix asphalt, and manually stirring the mixture by using a glass rod until the carbon nano tube completely enters an asphalt matrix;
(2) further, the carbon nanotubes were dispersed by high-speed shearing at 5000rpm for 50 minutes, followed by mixing at 1500rpm for 80 minutes, during which the temperature was set to 160. + -. 1 ℃ and kept constant by electric heating of the jacket. And preparing the self-healing asphalt material modified based on the carbon nano tube.
According to the comparative example, only a single conductive substance of the carbon nano tube is selected as a conductive phase material of the self-healing asphalt, and the self-healing asphalt prepared by the comparative example is connected with alternating current with a safe voltage of 36V, so that an observable crack in a topographic map can disappear after 3 hours; and the temperature of 1h of electrification is only increased to 79 ℃, and the self-repairing efficiency is greatly reduced.
Comparative example 3
8g of molten rubber powder was added to the hot-melt asphalt, and subjected to high-speed shearing with a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 5000rpm for 50 minutes, followed by mixing at a speed of 1500rpm for 80 minutes, during which mixing the temperature was set to 160. + -. 1 ℃ and kept constant by means of an electrical heating jacket. And preparing the self-healing asphalt material based on rubber modification.
According to the comparative example, only the rubber which is the most modified material is selected and the conductive materials such as graphene or carbon nano tubes are not added, and the modified asphalt prepared by the comparative example is connected with alternating current with 36V safe voltage, so that cracks cannot disappear after 8 hours; and the temperature is not obviously increased after the power is supplied for 1 hour, and the self-repairing effect is not generated.
Comparative example 4
(1) Weighing 1g of CNT and 1g of graphene, adding the CNT and the graphene into 198g of molten matrix asphalt, and manually stirring the mixture by using a glass rod until the carbon nano tube completely enters an asphalt matrix;
(2) further, the CNT and graphene were dispersed by high-speed shearing at 5000rpm for 50 minutes, followed by mixing at 1500rpm for 80 minutes, during which the temperature was set to 160 ± 1 ℃ and kept constant by electric heating of the jacket. And preparing the self-healing asphalt material based on the carbon nano tube/graphene modification.
According to the comparative example, the carbon nano tube and graphene composite conductive substance is added to serve as a conductive phase material of the self-healing asphalt, rubber is not added to serve as a modified material, and the self-healing asphalt prepared by the comparative example is connected with an alternating current with a safe voltage of 36V, so that observable cracks in a topographic map can disappear in 2 hours; and the temperature of 1h of electrification is only increased to 83 ℃, and the self-repairing efficiency is greatly reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A self-healing method of a self-healing asphalt material is characterized by comprising the following steps: adhering electrodes to two ends of the self-healing asphalt material by using conductive silver adhesive, accessing alternating current, and raising the temperature of the self-healing asphalt material in an electric heating mode to quickly repair micro cracks in the self-healing asphalt material;
the self-healing asphalt material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% -5% of carbon nano tubes, 1% -5% of graphene, 1% -10% of rubber powder and 80% -95% of matrix asphalt.
2. A self-healing process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the self-healing asphalt material is raised to above 100 ℃; the voltage of the alternating current is 36V, and the electrifying time is 1h-12 h.
3. A self-healing process of self-healing asphalt material according to claim 1, wherein the process for preparing the self-healing asphalt material comprises the steps of:
（a1) Adding the carbon nano tube and the graphene into the molten asphalt, and manually stirring until the carbon nano tube and the graphene completely enter the matrix;
（a2) Dispersing the carbon nano tubes and the graphene by adopting a high-speed shearing method, so that the carbon nano tubes and the graphene are fully dispersed in the asphalt;
（a3) And (3) adding molten rubber into the mixture obtained in the step (2), mechanically stirring, and heating at constant temperature in the mixing process to obtain the self-healing asphalt material.
4. A self-healing process according to claim 3, wherein the step (a) is carried out by heating the asphalt material to a temperature sufficient to cure the asphalt material2) Wherein the high-speed shearing is carried out at a speed of 1000-10000rpm for 30-60 minutes.
5. A self-healing process according to claim 3, wherein the step (a) is carried out by heating the asphalt material to a temperature sufficient to cure the asphalt material3) Wherein the rotation speed of the stirring and mixing is 100-2000rpm, and the time of the stirring and mixing is 60-100 minutes;
alternatively, step (a)3) The constant temperature heating temperature is set to be 160 +/-1 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept by sleeving an electric heating sleeve.
6. A self-healing process according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing asphalt material is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
（b1) Dispersing carbon nanotubes and graphene in molten rubber, and preparing a carbon nanotube/graphene/rubber composite material in an extrusion mode;
（b2) Dispersing the prepared carbon nano tube/graphene/rubber composite material in molten asphalt by adopting a high-speed shearing method;
（b3) And (3) after the high-speed shearing is finished, mechanically stirring, and heating at constant temperature in the stirring and mixing process to obtain the self-healing asphalt material.
7. A method for self-healing asphalt material according to claim 6, wherein step (b) is performed by2) High-speed shearing is carried out for 30-60 minutes at the speed of 1000-10000 rpm;
alternatively, step (b)3) Wherein the rotation speed of the stirring and mixing is 100-2000rpm, and the time of the stirring and mixing is 60-100 minutes;
alternatively, step (b)3) The constant temperature heating temperature is set to be 160 +/-1 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept by sleeving an electric heating sleeve.
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