CN113372236A - Method for preparing fatty acid amide by adopting pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer - Google Patents
Method for preparing fatty acid amide by adopting pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113372236A CN113372236A CN202110584220.3A CN202110584220A CN113372236A CN 113372236 A CN113372236 A CN 113372236A CN 202110584220 A CN202110584220 A CN 202110584220A CN 113372236 A CN113372236 A CN 113372236A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/008—Feed or outlet control devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing fatty acid amide by adopting a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer, which comprises the following steps: adding fatty acid and a catalyst into a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer, and preheating in advance; preheating liquid ammonia to form gaseous ammonia, opening an airflow pulse regulating valve, enabling the ammonia to enter a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixing reactor through a gas phase conduit to start a temperature rise reaction, reaching a reaction end point when acid ester is less than 1mg KOH/g, and cooling to below 80 ℃ to obtain a finished product. The invention adopts a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer to prepare fatty acid amide, and through the arrangement of the rigid-flexible distributor and the combination of airflow pulse control, the flexible body is promoted to continuously shake or move in a multi-body manner along with airflow, so that the turbulence degree of the fluid is enhanced, the gas-liquid mixing efficiency in the reaction process can be improved under the condition of not adding mechanical stirring, and the purposes of reducing the energy consumption in the reaction process, reducing the cost and improving the product quality are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of fatty acid amide, in particular to a method for preparing fatty acid amide by adopting a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer.
Background
Fatty acid amide products are one of the important derivatives for the synthesis of fatty acid series products. The fatty acid amide is a widely applied green fine chemical product, comprises erucamide, oleamide, stearic acid amide and the like, and has wide application and extremely high additional value in the industries of resin, plastics, printing ink, textile, papermaking, coating, metal processing, rubber industry, packaging materials and the like. With the continuous expansion of the application field, the quality requirement of the market on fatty acid amide products is continuously improved, and high-end products with high purity, light color, less impurities and good stability are urgently needed.
There are various chemical routes for producing fatty acid amides, and only a few are available for industrial production due to pollution of raw materials, yield, by-products to the environment, and the like. The method mainly comprises a route for synthesizing fatty amide by gas-liquid reaction of fatty acid and ammonia, and comprises a normal-pressure catalysis method and a high-pressure method, and the high-pressure method has high requirements on reaction equipment, so that the low-pressure catalysis method is generally adopted for production at home and abroad at present. The method comprises the following steps of carrying out acylation reaction on oleic acid, erucic acid or stearic acid and ammonia gas in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the commonly used catalyst comprises boric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, the reaction firstly generates oleic acid ammonium salt, and the latter generates oleamide by dehydration at elevated temperature, and the reaction formula is as follows:
CnH2n-1COOH+NH3→CnH2n-1COONH4 (1)
CnH2n-1COONH4→CnH2n-1CONH2+H2O (2)
in the traditional synthesis process of fatty acid amide, a kettle type stirring reaction kettle or/and a kettle type static bubbling reaction kettle are/is often adopted for production. In the static bubbling batch reactor of conventional kettle-type, because there is great liquid film resistance in ammonia and fatty acid gas-liquid mass transfer, it is difficult to realize the homogeneity of the mixture of reaction only by the disturbance of the air current, the reaction efficiency is low, if additionally increase the mechanical stirring, although being favorable to the gas-liquid mixture, the chaotic mixing effect is still limited, and the mechanical stirring additionally increases the power consumption of the device. The traditional process is influenced by gas-liquid mixing efficiency, the reaction time is prolonged, the reaction temperature is increased, the process energy consumption is high, and meanwhile, the generation of by-products (fatty acid amide is oxidized and dehydrated to generate nitrile or deaminated to generate fatty acid) is increased because the fatty acid amide is in a high-temperature environment for a long time, so that the product quality is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing fatty acid amide by adopting a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer, which can improve the gas-liquid mixing efficiency in the reaction process under the condition of not adding mechanical stirring, and achieves the purposes of reducing the energy consumption in the reaction process, reducing the cost and improving the product quality.
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a fatty acid amide using a pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer, comprising the steps of:
step one, adding fatty acid and a catalyst into a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer, and preheating to 140-180 ℃;
and secondly, preheating liquid ammonia to 43-50 ℃ to form gaseous ammonia, opening an airflow pulse regulating valve, allowing the ammonia to enter a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer through a gas phase conduit to start a temperature rise reaction, and cooling to below 80 ℃ after reaching a reaction end point to obtain the fatty acid amide.
Preferably, the pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer comprises:
a shell, wherein the upper end of the shell is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet; a discharge hole is formed in the lower end of the shell; wherein, the air outlet is provided with an air outlet valve;
a plurality of rigid gas flow distribution tubes disposed within the housing and at the bottom of the housing; the rigid air flow distribution pipes are connected with flexible air flow distributors;
a plurality of gas phase conduits located outside the housing and in communication with the plurality of rigid gas flow distribution tubes, respectively;
a gas flow pulse regulating valve in communication with the plurality of gas phase conduits.
Preferably, the peripheral pipe walls of the rigid gas distribution pipes and the flexible gas distribution pipes are uniformly distributed with micro holes, the porosity is 20-50%, and the pore diameter is 5 um-1 mm.
Preferably, the material of the flexible air flow distributor is any one of polytetrafluoroethylene, flexible ABS plastic and silica gel.
Preferably, the plurality of rigid gas flow distribution tubes is two rigid gas flow distribution tubes; the plurality of gas phase conduits is two gas phase conduits.
Preferably, in the second step, the reaction end point is controlled when the acid value is less than 1mg KOH/g.
Preferably, in the second step, the temperature of the temperature rise reaction is maintained at 160-210 ℃, the pressure is 0.3-0.7 MPa, the reaction time is 8-18 hours, and the maximum pulse flow of ammonia gas is controlled to be 0.2-10 kg/h.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the fatty acid to the catalyst is 100: 0.1-0.4; the fatty acid is C16-C24 saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid.
Preferably, the saturated fatty acid is any one of stearic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid; the unsaturated fatty acid is any one of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, decadienoic acid, erucic acid, and nervonic acid.
Preferably, the catalyst is any one of ethyl titanate, n-butyl titanate, a phosphoric acid solution with the mass fraction of 80-90% and an oxalic acid solution with the mass fraction of 20-60%.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the pulse type static rigid-flexible mixing reactor provided by the invention, the flexible gas distributor with the micron-sized or millimeter-sized perforated holes is additionally arranged, and the airflow pulse control is combined, so that the flexible body is continuously shaken or moves in a multi-body mode along with the airflow, the turbulence degree of the fluid is strengthened, the breaking degree of bubbles is intensified, the contact degree of a gas-liquid two-phase interface is increased, and the high-efficiency mass transfer of a gas-liquid phase is realized. Compared with the traditional mechanical stirring reaction, the technology does not need to provide an additional mechanical stirring device, effectively reduces the reaction time and saves the energy consumption.
(2) The invention provides a method for synthesizing fatty acid amide by using the pulse type static rigid-flexible mixing reactor, in the synthesis process, the gas-liquid contact efficiency of fatty acid and ammonia gas is higher, the mass transfer rate is faster, and the utilization rate of ammonia gas is higher, so that the problems of long reaction time, high energy consumption and more byproducts in the product in the traditional process are effectively solved, and the product quality is greatly improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a GC spectrum of the nitrile impurity content of the oleamide produced in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a GC spectrum of the nitrile impurity content of erucamide prepared in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a GC spectrum of the nitrile impurity content of the stearic acid amide obtained in example 3.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
As shown in FIG. 1, the pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer used in examples 1 to 3 comprises: a feed inlet 7 and an air outlet 8 are arranged at the upper end of the shell 1; the lower end of the shell 1 is provided with a discharge hole 6; wherein, the air outlet is provided with an air outlet valve; two rigid gas flow distribution pipes 4 arranged inside the housing 1 and at the bottom of the housing; the two rigid air flow distribution pipes 4 are connected with a flexible air flow distributor 5; two gas phase conduits 2 located outside the housing 1 and communicating with two rigid gas flow distribution pipes 4, respectively; the gas flow pulse regulating valve 3 is respectively communicated with the two gas phase guide pipes; the airflow pulse regulating valve controls the opening degree of the valve and the direction of an airflow switch through an external automatic control system (a pulse signal is shown in figure 1), so that the ammonia airflow is alternately pulsed in distributors on two sides (a gas phase conduit, a rigid airflow distribution pipe and a flexible airflow distributor), and the flexible airflow distributor is promoted to continuously shake or move in a multi-body mode along with the airflow pulses in a reactor (a shell).
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the porosity of the rigid gas distributor and the porosity of the flexible gas distributor of the pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer are respectively 20% and 30%, the pore sizes are respectively 10um and 20um, and the flexible gas distributor is made of polytetrafluoroethylene;
a method of making fatty acid amides using a pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer, comprising the steps of:
step one, 100kg of oleic acid (C18: 0 ═ 7.9%, C18: 1 ═ 71.4%, C18: 2 ═ 10.5%, and acid value ═ 199.0mg KOH/g) and 0.2kg of phosphoric acid solution (mass fraction 85%) are added into a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixing reactor and preheated to 165 ℃;
step two, preheating liquid ammonia to 45 +/-2 ℃ to form stable gaseous ammonia, controlling the pulse flow upper limit of the ammonia to be 0.50kg/h, opening an airflow pulse regulating valve, allowing the ammonia to enter a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer through a gas phase conduit, regulating an air outlet valve at an air outlet at the upper end of a shell, maintaining the pressure in the kettle to be 0.3-0.7 MPa, reacting for 13.5 hours at 170-175 ℃, reducing the acid value to 0.91mg KOH/g, and stopping the reaction; cooling to 80 ℃ to obtain 99.1kg of oleamide, the conversion rate of oleic acid is 99.5%, and the total amount of amide in the product is as follows: 99.01% of nitrile impurity content, wherein the nitrile impurity content is 0.96% (nitrile content is measured by GC internal standard method, nitrile content is 1.5 Xnitrile/internal standard substance concentration/sample weighing multiplied by 0.7), the data of the GC spectrum test analysis of the nitrile content is shown in Table 1, and the test spectrum is shown in figure 2;
TABLE 1
Example 2:
in the embodiment, the porosity of the rigid gas distributor and the porosity of the flexible gas distributor of the pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer are respectively 30% and 35%, the pore sizes are respectively 20um and 40um, and the flexible gas distributor is made of silica gel;
a method of making fatty acid amides using a pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer, comprising the steps of:
step one, 100kg of erucic acid (C22: 0 ═ 1.9, C22: 1 ═ 86.1, C22: 2 ═ 1.6, ═ 166.3mg KOH/g) and 0.16kg of phosphoric acid solution (85%) are added into a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixing reactor, and preheated to 170 ℃;
step two, liquid ammonia is preheated to 44 +/-2 ℃ to form stable gaseous ammonia, the upper limit of the pulse flow of the ammonia is controlled to be 0.57kg/h, an airflow pulse regulating valve is opened, the ammonia enters a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer through a gas phase conduit, a gas outlet valve of a gas outlet is regulated, the pressure in the kettle is maintained to be 0.3-0.7 MPa, the reaction time is 10 hours at the temperature of 175-185 ℃, the acid value is reduced to 0.58mg KOH/g, and the amide content is 99.0%; terminating the reaction; cooling to 80 ℃ to obtain 99.3kg of erucamide, the conversion rate of oleic acid is 99.6%, and the total amount of amide in the product is as follows: 99.23% and a nitrile impurity content of 0.71% (nitrile content measured by GC internal standard method, nitrile content 1.5 × nitrile/internal standard concentration/sample weight × 0.86), the analytical data of the GC-map for nitrile content is shown in table 2, and the test map is shown in fig. 3.
TABLE 2
Example 3:
in the embodiment, the porosity of the rigid gas distributor and the porosity of the flexible gas distributor of the pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer are respectively 20% and 30%, the pore sizes are respectively 40um and 80um, and the flexible gas distributor is made of polytetrafluoroethylene;
a method of making fatty acid amides using a pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer, comprising the steps of:
step one, 100kg of stearic acid (C22: 0 ═ 1.9, C22: 1 ═ 89.7, C22: 2 ═ 1.6, acid value ═ 165.7mg KOH/g) and 0.3kg of phosphoric acid solution (85%) were added to a pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer and preheated to 170 ℃;
step two, liquid ammonia is preheated to 45 ℃ to form stable gaseous ammonia, the upper limit of the pulse flow of the ammonia is controlled to be 0.72kg/h, an airflow pulse regulating valve is opened, the ammonia enters a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer through a gas phase conduit, a gas outlet valve of a gas outlet is regulated, the pressure in the kettle is maintained to be 0.3-0.7 MPa, the reaction time is 10 hours under the condition of 180-190 ℃, the acid value is reduced to 0.45mg KOH/g, and the amide content is 99.0%; stopping the reaction, cooling to 80 ℃ to obtain 98.8kg of stearic acid amide, wherein the conversion rate of oleic acid is 99.1%, and the total amount of amide in the product is as follows: 99.11% and a nitrile impurity content of 0.80% (nitrile content measured by GC internal standard method, nitrile content 1.5 × nitrile/internal standard concentration/sample weight × 0.9), the analytical data of the GC-map for nitrile content is shown in table 3, and the test map is shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 3
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing fatty acid amide by using a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, adding fatty acid and a catalyst into a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer, and preheating to 140-180 ℃;
and secondly, preheating liquid ammonia to 43-50 ℃ to form gaseous ammonia, opening an airflow pulse regulating valve, allowing the ammonia to enter a pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer through a gas phase conduit to start a temperature rise reaction, and cooling to below 80 ℃ after reaching a reaction end point to obtain the fatty acid amide.
2. The method of claim 1 for producing fatty acid amides using a pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer, wherein the pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer comprises:
a shell, wherein the upper end of the shell is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet; a discharge hole is formed in the lower end of the shell; wherein, the air outlet is provided with an air outlet valve;
a plurality of rigid gas flow distribution tubes disposed within the housing and at the bottom of the housing; the rigid air flow distribution pipes are connected with flexible air flow distributors;
a plurality of gas phase conduits located outside the housing and in communication with the plurality of rigid gas flow distribution tubes, respectively;
a gas flow pulse regulating valve in communication with the plurality of gas phase conduits.
3. The method for preparing fatty acid amide by using the pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer according to claim 2, wherein the peripheral tube walls of the plurality of rigid gas distribution tubes and the flexible gas distribution tubes are distributed with micro holes, the porosity is 20-50%, and the pore diameter is 5 um-1 mm.
4. The method for preparing fatty acid amide by using the pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the material of the flexible air flow distributor is any one of polytetrafluoroethylene, flexible ABS plastic and silica gel.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of rigid gas flow distribution tubes is two rigid gas flow distribution tubes; the plurality of gas phase conduits is two gas phase conduits.
6. The method for preparing fatty acid amide using pulsed static rigid-flexible mixer according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the reaction end point is controlled at the acid value <1mg KOH/g.
7. The method for preparing fatty acid amide by using the pulse static rigid-flexible mixer according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the temperature of the temperature rise reaction is maintained at 160-210 ℃, the pressure is 0.3-0.7 MPa, the reaction time is 8-18 hours, and the maximum pulse flow rate of ammonia gas is controlled to be 0.2-10 kg/h.
8. The method for preparing fatty acid amide by using the pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fatty acid to the catalyst is 100: 0.1-0.4; the fatty acid is C16-C24 saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid.
9. The method for preparing fatty acid amide by using the pulse type static rigid-flexible mixer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the saturated fatty acid is any one of stearic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid; the unsaturated fatty acid is any one of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, decadienoic acid, erucic acid, and nervonic acid.
10. The method for preparing fatty acid amide by using pulse static rigid-flexible mixer according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is any one of ethyl titanate, n-butyl titanate, phosphoric acid solution with mass fraction of 80-90% and oxalic acid solution with mass fraction of 20-60%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114471386A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-05-13 | 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 | Ammonolysis reactor and amide preparation method |
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| CN101289413A (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2008-10-22 | 吴贵岚 | Method for synthesizing primary fatty acid amide and device of ammonia gas recovery and circulation |
| CN204058305U (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2014-12-31 | 江西威科油脂化学有限公司 | The industrialization synthesizer of primary fatty acids acid amides |
| CN213254472U (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-05-25 | 禾大西普化学（四川）有限公司 | Flexible body static mixing reaction device special for gas-liquid reaction |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| US20050283011A1 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-12-22 | Hoong Seng S | Process for the production of fatty acid amides |
| CN101050190A (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2007-10-10 | 天津大学 | Method for producing erucamid erucyl amide through circulating reactor |
| CN101289413A (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2008-10-22 | 吴贵岚 | Method for synthesizing primary fatty acid amide and device of ammonia gas recovery and circulation |
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| CN213254472U (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-05-25 | 禾大西普化学（四川）有限公司 | Flexible body static mixing reaction device special for gas-liquid reaction |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114471386A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-05-13 | 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 | Ammonolysis reactor and amide preparation method |
| CN114471386B (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-04-25 | 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 | Ammonolysis reactor and amide preparation method |
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Application publication date: 20210910 |