CN113370748A - Thermal management system and electric automobile - Google Patents

Thermal management system and electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113370748A
CN113370748A CN202110795513.6A CN202110795513A CN113370748A CN 113370748 A CN113370748 A CN 113370748A CN 202110795513 A CN202110795513 A CN 202110795513A CN 113370748 A CN113370748 A CN 113370748A
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China
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
heat exchange
motor
management system
battery
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Granted
Application number
CN202110795513.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113370748B (en
Inventor
李珂
王瑞强
陈付齐
罗宏斌
谭锋
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Priority to CN202110795513.6A priority Critical patent/CN113370748B/en
Publication of CN113370748A publication Critical patent/CN113370748A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/088492 priority patent/WO2023284356A1/en
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Publication of CN113370748B publication Critical patent/CN113370748B/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B60K11/04—Arrangement or mounting of radiators, radiator shutters, or radiator blinds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/003—Component temperature regulation using an air flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a thermal management system and an electric automobile. The heat management system comprises an air conditioner refrigerant loop, a motor heat exchange loop and a battery heat exchange loop, wherein the air conditioner refrigerant loop comprises a compressor (1), an in-vehicle heat exchanger (2), an out-vehicle heat exchanger (3), a throttling device, a first intermediate heat exchanger (4) and a second intermediate heat exchanger (5), the motor heat exchange loop is in heat exchange connection with the first intermediate heat exchanger (4), and the battery heat exchange loop is in heat exchange connection with the second intermediate heat exchanger (5). According to the heat management system, the integrated heat management of the whole vehicle can be carried out, the electric power of the battery of the energy bus is fully utilized, and the cruising ability of the new energy bus is improved.

Description

Thermal management system and electric automobile
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a thermal management system and an electric automobile.
Background
Aiming at the current problems of energy crisis and global warming, all walks of life are carrying out energy conservation and emission reduction. Public transport passenger cars have great development prospects in the aspects of reducing energy crisis, global warming problems and the like. However, the oil consumption emission of the traditional passenger car is more and more not in accordance with the national oil consumption emission standard and regulation, and the new energy passenger car is on the spot and is developed more and more rapidly.
Different from the traditional fuel passenger car, the new energy electric passenger car is powered by a power battery and a main drive motor; the battery is used as an energy storage device of the electric motor coach, is a core component of a three-electric system of the electric motor coach, and the performance and the service life of the battery are greatly influenced by temperature. The motor, the electric control and the battery heat management of the electric motor coach directly influence the endurance and the safety performance of the whole coach. At present, the thermal management field of the new energy electric motor coach is still in a starting stage, the thermal management of the battery and the motor is basically independent of the operation of an air conditioning system, the great waste of the electric power of the battery is caused, the endurance of the electric motor coach is reduced, and the development of the electric motor coach is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem that this application will be solved lies in providing a thermal management system and electric automobile, can carry out whole car integrated form thermal management, and make full use of is energy passenger train battery electric power, improves the duration of a new forms of energy passenger train.
In order to solve the problem, the application provides a heat management system, including air conditioner refrigerant return circuit, motor heat transfer return circuit and battery heat transfer return circuit, the air conditioner refrigerant return circuit includes heat exchanger in compressor, the car, heat exchanger outside the car, throttling arrangement, heat exchanger in the middle of first and the second, motor heat transfer return circuit and first middle heat exchanger heat transfer are connected, battery heat transfer return circuit and the middle heat exchanger heat transfer of second are connected.
Preferably, a switching mechanism is arranged between the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop, and the switching mechanism can switch the communication state of the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop, so that the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop form mutually independent circulation loops or form series-connected circulation loops.
Preferably, the switching mechanism is a second four-way valve.
Preferably, the throttling device comprises a first throttling device, a second throttling device and a third throttling device, the compressor, the heat exchanger in the vehicle, the first throttling device and the heat exchanger outside the vehicle form a circulation loop, the first end of the first intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a pipeline between the heat exchanger in the vehicle and the heat exchanger outside the vehicle through the second throttling device, the second end of the first intermediate heat exchanger is connected with an air suction port of the compressor, the second intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the heat exchanger in the vehicle in parallel, and the first end of the second intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a pipeline between the heat exchanger in the vehicle and the heat exchanger outside the vehicle through the third throttling device.
Preferably, a first branch and a second branch are arranged at the first end of the first intermediate heat exchanger in parallel, the first branch and the second branch are connected to a pipeline between the heat exchanger inside the vehicle and the heat exchanger outside the vehicle, a first control valve is arranged on the first branch, a second control valve is arranged on the second branch, and the first throttling device is located on the pipeline between the first branch and the second branch.
Preferably, a third control valve is arranged on the pipeline where the second intermediate heat exchanger is located.
Preferably, the motor heat exchange loop comprises a first pump, a motor controller, a main drive motor and a motor radiator which are connected in sequence, and heat exchange fluid of the motor heat exchange loop flows through the first intermediate heat exchanger.
Preferably, the heat management system further comprises a fan, the fan is arranged between the external heat exchanger and the motor radiator and can blow air after heat exchange of the motor radiator to the external heat exchanger.
Preferably, the motor heat exchange loop further comprises a parallel pipeline connected in parallel with a pipeline where the motor radiator is located, a fourth control valve is arranged on the pipeline where the motor radiator is located, and a fifth control valve is arranged on the parallel pipeline.
Preferably, the battery heat exchange loop comprises a second pump, a power battery and an expansion tank, and water in the expansion tank flows through the second intermediate heat exchanger.
Preferably, the air-conditioning refrigerant circuit further includes a first four-way valve, an exhaust port of the compressor is connected to a first port of the first four-way valve, the interior heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchanger are connected to a second port of the first four-way valve, a suction port of the compressor is connected to a third port of the first four-way valve, and the exterior heat exchanger is connected to a fourth port of the first four-way valve.
According to another aspect of the application, an electric automobile is provided, which comprises a thermal management system, wherein the thermal management system is the thermal management system.
The application provides a heat management system, heat management system include air conditioner refrigerant return circuit, motor heat transfer return circuit and battery heat transfer return circuit, and air conditioner refrigerant return circuit includes heat exchanger in compressor, the car, heat exchanger outside the car, throttling arrangement, heat exchanger in the middle of first and the second, and motor heat transfer return circuit is connected with the heat exchanger heat transfer in the middle of the first, and battery heat transfer return circuit is connected with the heat exchanger heat transfer in the middle of the second. The heat management system can couple an air conditioner refrigerant loop, a motor heat exchange loop and a battery heat exchange loop together, and is used for carrying out integrated heat management on the whole vehicle, so that the problem that the heat management of a traditional new energy bus is independent of the operation of the air conditioning system is solved, the battery power of the new energy bus is fully utilized, the requirements of heat dissipation of the motor and the battery under different working conditions, battery heat preservation, motor waste heat recovery, passenger cabin temperature and humidity control and the like are met, the energy efficiency of a heat pump air conditioning system is improved, the efficiency and the service life of the battery and the motor system are prolonged, and the cruising ability of the new energy bus is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system schematic of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present application with an air conditioning refrigerant circuit in a cooling state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery preheating mode of the thermal management system according to the embodiment of the present application when the air conditioning refrigerant circuit is in a heating state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cooling mode of the thermal management system of the present application with the air conditioning refrigerant circuit in a heating mode;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery system when the thermal management system of an embodiment of the present application is in a transition season;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a motor self-cycling of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery self-cycling of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present application.
The reference numerals are represented as:
1. a compressor; 2. a heat exchanger inside the vehicle; 3. an exterior heat exchanger; 4. a first intermediate heat exchanger; 5. a second intermediate heat exchanger; 6. a switching mechanism; 7. a first throttling device; 8. a second throttling device; 9. a third throttling means; 10. a first branch; 11. a second branch circuit; 12. a first control valve; 13. a second control valve; 14. a third control valve; 15. a fourth control valve; 16. a fifth control valve; 17. a first pump; 18. a motor controller; 19. a main drive motor; 20. a motor radiator; 21. a fan; 22. parallel pipelines; 23. a second pump; 24. a power battery; 25. an expansion tank; 26. a first four-way valve; 27. a gas-liquid separator.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 6 in combination, according to an embodiment of the present application, the thermal management system includes an air-conditioning refrigerant circuit, a motor heat exchange circuit, and a battery heat exchange circuit, where the air-conditioning refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 1, an in-vehicle heat exchanger 2, an out-vehicle heat exchanger 3, a throttling device, a first intermediate heat exchanger 4, and a second intermediate heat exchanger 5, the motor heat exchange circuit is connected to the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 in a heat exchange manner, and the battery heat exchange circuit is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 in a heat exchange manner.
The heat management system can couple an air conditioner refrigerant loop, a motor heat exchange loop and a battery heat exchange loop together, and is used for carrying out integrated heat management on the whole vehicle, so that the problem that the heat management of a traditional new energy bus is independent of the operation of the air conditioning system is solved, the battery power of the new energy bus is fully utilized, the requirements of heat dissipation of the motor and the battery under different working conditions, battery heat preservation, motor waste heat recovery, passenger cabin temperature and humidity control and the like are met, the energy efficiency of a heat pump air conditioning system is improved, the efficiency and the service life of the battery and the motor system are prolonged, and the cruising ability of the new energy bus is improved.
In this embodiment, because heat exchanger 5 in the middle of first intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the second all belong to a part of air conditioner refrigerant return circuit, can utilize the refrigerant to realize refrigeration or heating, and motor heat transfer return circuit is connected with the heat transfer of first intermediate heat exchanger 4, battery heat transfer return circuit is connected with the heat transfer of 5 in the middle of the second, consequently make motor heat transfer return circuit and ground pond heat transfer return circuit all can carry out temperature regulation through the air conditioner refrigerant return circuit, form coupling structure, can utilize the characteristics of each part thermal management system more rationally, realize the mutual complementation between the different systems, select suitable system mode according to different environmental conditions, improve energy utilization, reduce the energy consumption, improve the duration of new forms of energy passenger train.
In one embodiment, a switching mechanism 6 is disposed between the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop, and the switching mechanism 6 can switch the communication state of the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop, so that the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop form mutually independent circulation loops or form series circulation loops. In this embodiment, utilize switching mechanism 6 to realize the coupling between motor heat transfer circuit and the battery heat transfer circuit and cut off the switching of coupling state, both can utilize the coupling state between motor heat transfer circuit and the battery heat transfer circuit to realize the heat complementation between the two, again can be when external environment or system state are not suitable for the complementation, cut off the connection between the two for mutual independence between the two improves the adaptability to the environment, improves system's thermal management ability.
In one embodiment, switching mechanism 6 is a second four-way valve. Through switching the connected state of the second four-way valve, the switching of the pipeline connected state between the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop can be conveniently realized, the switching structure is simple, the realization is convenient, and the realization cost is lower. In other embodiments, the switching mechanism 6 may also adopt other structures for switching, for example, a combination of a plurality of two-way valves, a combination of three-way valves, a combination of two-way valves and three-way valves, and the like.
In one embodiment, the throttling device comprises a first throttling device 7, a second throttling device 8 and a third throttling device 9, the compressor 1, the interior heat exchanger 2, the first throttling device 7 and the exterior heat exchanger 3 form a circulation loop, a first end of the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 is connected with a pipeline between the interior heat exchanger 2 and the exterior heat exchanger 3 through the second throttling device 8, a second end of the first intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a suction port of the compressor 1, the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with the interior heat exchanger 2 in parallel, and a first end of the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with a pipeline between the interior heat exchanger 2 and the exterior heat exchanger 3 through the third throttling device 9.
In this embodiment, all be provided with a throttling arrangement on the pipeline at the middle heat exchanger place that every heat transfer circuit corresponds, can carry out the throttle to the refrigerant of this middle heat exchanger place pipeline, realize respective throttle control, and then satisfy respective heat transfer demand, control more independently, temperature regulation and control is more nimble.
In one embodiment, a first branch 10 and a second branch 11 are arranged at a first end of the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 in parallel, the first branch 10 and the second branch 11 are connected to a pipeline between the vehicle interior heat exchanger 2 and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 3, a first control valve 12 is arranged on the first branch 10, a second control valve 13 is arranged on the second branch 11, and the first throttling device 7 is arranged on the pipeline between the first branch 10 and the second branch 11. The first branch passage 10 and the second branch passage 11 are respectively provided with a check valve for preventing the refrigerant from flowing from the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 to the pipe between the inside heat exchanger 2 and the outside heat exchanger 3.
In this embodiment, the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 is not directly connected to the pipeline between the interior heat exchanger 2 and the exterior heat exchanger 3 through one pipeline, but is connected to the pipeline between the interior heat exchanger 2 and the exterior heat exchanger 3 through two branches arranged in parallel, and a first throttling device is arranged on a rolling path between the two branches, by which different refrigerant states can be selected according to the communication state of the first branch and the second branch, for example, in a refrigeration state of an air-conditioning refrigerant system, the second branch 11 on the upstream side of the first throttling device 7 is selected to be communicated, the first branch 10 on the downstream side is disconnected, at this time, the refrigerant entering the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 through the second branch 11 is an unthrottled refrigerant, if the second branch 11 on the upstream side of the first throttling device 7 is selected to be disconnected, the first branch 10 on the downstream side is communicated, at this time, the refrigerant entering the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 through the second branch 11 is a throttled refrigerant, and the state of the refrigerant entering the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 can be controlled through different communication modes, so that the refined control of the battery temperature is realized.
In one embodiment, the pipeline where the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 is located is provided with a third control valve 14, and the third control valve 14 is arranged on the pipeline where the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected to the air suction port of the compressor 1 or connected to the first four-way valve 26, so that the pipeline where the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 is located can be controlled, the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 participates in heat exchange of the battery heat exchange loop, or does not participate in heat exchange of the battery heat exchange loop, and heat exchange control between the battery heat exchange loop and the motor heat exchange loop is conveniently realized.
In one embodiment, the motor heat exchange loop comprises a first pump 17, a motor controller 18, a main drive motor 19 and a motor radiator 20 connected in series, and the heat exchange fluid of the motor heat exchange loop flows through the first intermediate heat exchanger 4. In this embodiment, the heat exchange fluid flowing in the heat exchange loop of the motor is a coolant, such as water or glycol.
In one embodiment, the thermal management system further includes a fan 21, and the fan 21 is disposed between the exterior heat exchanger 3 and the motor radiator 20 and is capable of blowing air heat-exchanged by the motor radiator 20 toward the exterior heat exchanger 3. In this embodiment, the fan 21 may be turned on or turned off as needed, for example, when the air conditioning refrigerant circuit is in a heating state, the exterior heat exchanger 3 at this time needs to absorb heat, and the motor heat exchange circuit is always dissipating heat outwards, at this time, heat generated by the main driving motor 19 and the motor controller 18 of the motor heat exchange circuit may be released through the motor radiator 20, and then, under the action of the fan 21, air heated by the motor radiator 20 is blown to the exterior heat exchanger 3, so as to increase the air temperature around the exterior heat exchanger 3, so that the exterior heat exchanger 3 may absorb heat more conveniently, and the heating requirement of the interior heat exchanger 2 is met.
In one embodiment, the motor heat exchange loop further comprises a parallel pipeline 22 connected in parallel with the pipeline where the motor radiator 20 is located, the pipeline where the motor radiator 20 is located is provided with the fourth control valve 15, and the parallel pipeline 22 is provided with the fifth control valve 16. In this embodiment, when the heat of motor heat transfer circuit and battery heat transfer circuit is complemented, need not the outside heat release of motor heat transfer circuit, can close the pipeline that motor radiator 20 is located through the fourth control valve this moment, open fifth control valve 16, make the produced heat of main drive motor 19 and motor controller 18 can not distribute away from motor radiator 20, but circulate inside, then when arriving battery heat transfer circuit, heat power battery 24 in the battery heat transfer circuit, thereby can realize thermal inside rational distribution and utilize, need not additionally to look for the heat source.
In one embodiment the battery heat exchange circuit comprises a second pump 23, a power battery 24 and an expansion tank 25, the expansion tank 25 flowing water through the second intermediate heat exchanger 5.
In one embodiment, the air conditioning refrigerant circuit further includes a first four-way valve 26, the discharge port of the compressor 1 is connected to a first port of the first four-way valve 26, the interior heat exchanger 2 and the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 are connected to a second port of the first four-way valve 26, the suction port of the compressor 1 is connected to a third port of the first four-way valve 26, and the exterior heat exchanger 3 is connected to a fourth port of the first four-way valve 26.
The control valve is, for example, a solenoid valve, and the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 are, for example, a plate heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, or a double-tube heat exchanger. The above-mentioned throttling means is, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
In one embodiment, the air-conditioning refrigerant circuit further comprises a gas-liquid separator 27, the gas-liquid separator 27 is arranged at the air suction end of the compressor 1, and the refrigerant enters the air suction port of the compressor 1 after passing through the gas-liquid separator 27.
The heat management system of the embodiment of the application, through the motor, machine controller heat transfer circuit, battery heat transfer circuit and air conditioner refrigerant return circuit coupling, whole car integrated form heat management carries out, satisfy the heat dissipation to motor and battery under different operating modes, the battery keeps warm, motor waste heat recovery, demands such as passenger cabin temperature and humidity control, the waste of motor independent cooling battery electric power has been avoided, the used heat that the motor produced can also be retrieved simultaneously, can utilize air conditioning system to cool off the battery and keep warm simultaneously under different modes, retrieve the motor waste heat, the continuation of the journey mileage and the air conditioner efficiency of passenger train have both been improved, the interior heat accumulation of passenger train under the abominable operating mode has been avoided again and the overheated damage that causes of component.
The operation of the thermal management system according to the embodiment of the present application will be described below.
When the heat exchanger 2 in the vehicle of the heat management system is in a refrigeration working condition, and the power battery 24 and the main drive motor 19 both work normally, at this time, for the air-conditioning refrigerant loop, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant coming out of the compressor 1 enters the heat exchanger 3 outside the vehicle for heat exchange, is changed into low-temperature and high-pressure liquid, and is divided into three paths, wherein the first path of refrigerant is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure liquid after being throttled by the first throttling device 7, then enters the heat exchanger 2 in the vehicle for evaporation and heat absorption refrigeration, then enters the gas-liquid separator 27 through the first four-way valve 26, and then enters the compressor 1, so as to form an air-conditioning refrigeration cycle; at the moment, the first control valve 12 is closed, the second control valve 13 is opened, the second path of refrigerant coming out of the heat exchanger 3 outside the vehicle enters the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 after being changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid through the second control valve 13 and the second throttling device 8, exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the heat exchange loop of the motor, and the refrigerant after exchanging heat with the heat exchange loop of the motor directly enters the gas-liquid separator 27 and finally returns to the compressor 1 for compression; meanwhile, the third path of refrigerant coming out of the exterior heat exchanger 3 enters the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 through the third throttling device 9 to cool the battery heat exchange loop, the third control valve 14 is opened in the mode, the refrigerant passing through the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 enters the first four-way valve 26 through the third control valve 14, finally returns to the gas-liquid separator 27 and then enters the compressor 1 to be compressed;
for the heat exchange loop of the motor, at this time, the fourth control valve 15 is opened, the fifth control valve 16 is closed, the low-temperature cooling liquid coming out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 4 enters the motor radiator 20 for secondary cooling, and then the first pump 17 firstly radiates heat for the motor controller 18 and then radiates heat for the main drive motor 19, so that the motor is cooled by the radiator and the air conditioner together in the refrigeration mode.
For the battery heat exchange loop, the low-temperature cooling liquid cooled in the expansion water tank 25 cools the power battery 24 under the action of the second pump 23, and then exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 to complete the battery cooling cycle.
In the mode, the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop are independent circulation.
When the heat exchanger 2 in the vehicle of the thermal management system is in a heating condition, the battery preheating mode is as shown in fig. 2, and the battery cooling mode is as shown in fig. 3:
one path of high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the compressor 1 enters the heat exchanger 2 in the vehicle for heating, the refrigerant in the flow path is divided into two paths after coming out of the heat exchanger 2 in the vehicle, wherein the first path of refrigerant is throttled by the first throttling device 7 and then is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure liquid, enters the heat exchanger 3 outside the vehicle for heat exchange, then enters a gas-liquid separator 27 through a first four-way valve 26, finally returns to the compressor 1 to form an air-conditioning heating cycle, at the moment, a first control valve 12 is opened, a second control valve 13 is closed, a second path of refrigerant coming out of the exterior heat exchanger 3 passes through the first control valve 12 and a second throttling device 8 to be changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid, enters a first intermediate heat exchanger 4, the motor controller 18 and the main drive motor 19 are cooled, and the motor waste heat is recovered to the heat pump air conditioning system through the first intermediate heat exchanger 4, so that the system energy efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the other path of refrigerant coming out of the compressor 1 enters the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 to be condensed and released, the temperature of a battery heat exchange loop is raised, the purpose of preheating the battery is achieved, the refrigerant subjected to heat exchange by the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 is throttled and reduced in pressure by the third throttling device 9, passes through the heat exchanger 3 outside the vehicle and finally returns to the compressor 1, and the circulation is completed.
For the battery heat exchange loop, the battery is heated by the high-temperature coolant heated in the second intermediate heat exchanger 5 under the action of the second pump 23, and then the battery heat exchange loop exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 5, so that the battery heating cycle is completed.
For the heat exchange loop of the motor, at the moment, the fourth control valve 15 is closed, the fifth control valve 16 is opened, the motor radiator 20 does not work, and the residual heat of the motor is absorbed to the heat pump air conditioning system through the cooling liquid.
In the mode, the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop are independent circulation.
The operation time of the vehicle is prolonged, the working temperature of the battery is reached, preheating is finished, the temperature inside the battery core is higher and higher due to discharging of the battery core, and at the moment, the system enters a battery cooling mode loop. As shown in fig. 3, the first control valve 12, the second control valve 13, and the third control valve 14 are closed, the second throttling device 8 and the third throttling device 9 are closed, the second four-way valve switches directions to form a battery-motor coupled circulation loop, the fourth control valve 15 is opened, the fifth control valve 16 is closed, the motor radiator 20 starts to operate, the low-temperature cooling liquid from the motor radiator 20 cools the motor controller 18, the main drive motor 19, and the power battery 24 in sequence, and then returns to the motor radiator 20 to cool, so as to form a battery-motor coupled circulation, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the battery and the motor simultaneously.
In a transition season, the air conditioner does not operate, but the temperature of the battery core is low, and the battery needs to be heated and insulated, as shown in the principle of fig. 4, at the moment, the fourth control valve 15 is closed, the fifth control valve 16 is opened, and the battery is heated by absorbing heat in the motor controller 18 and the main drive motor 19 through the cooling liquid; when the temperature of the battery reaches the working temperature, the preheating is stopped, the battery cooling state is entered, the working principle is consistent with the battery cooling principle under the condition of air-conditioning heating, and the motor radiator 20 is used for commonly radiating the heat of the motor controller 18, the main drive motor 19 and the power battery 24.
Referring to fig. 5 in combination, when the motor heat exchange loop works independently, the second heat exchanger is switched at this time, so that the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop are disconnected and independent from each other, the air conditioner refrigerant loop does not run, the battery heat exchange loop does not run, the cooling liquid circulates in the motor heat exchange loop, flows through the motor controller 18 and the main drive motor 19 under the action of the first pump 17, takes away heat of the motor controller 18 and the main drive motor 19, then radiates heat at the motor radiator 20, and the cooling liquid after radiation continues to circulate under the driving action of the first pump 17.
Referring to fig. 6 in combination, when the battery heat exchange loop works independently, the coolant flows through the power battery 24 under the action of the second pump 23 to take away heat of the power battery 24, then enters the expansion water tank 25 to be expanded and cooled, and the cooled coolant flows back to the second pump 23 to continue to circulate under the driving action of the second pump 23.
According to an embodiment of the application, the electric automobile comprises a thermal management system, and the thermal management system is the thermal management system.
It is readily understood by a person skilled in the art that the advantageous ways described above can be freely combined, superimposed without conflict.
The present invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments shown and described, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features herein disclosed. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present application, and these modifications and variations should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (12)

1. The heat management system is characterized by comprising an air conditioner refrigerant loop, a motor heat exchange loop and a battery heat exchange loop, wherein the air conditioner refrigerant loop comprises a compressor (1), an in-vehicle heat exchanger (2), an out-vehicle heat exchanger (3), a throttling device, a first intermediate heat exchanger (4) and a second intermediate heat exchanger (5), the motor heat exchange loop is in heat exchange connection with the first intermediate heat exchanger (4), and the battery heat exchange loop is in heat exchange connection with the second intermediate heat exchanger (5).
2. The thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein a switching mechanism (6) is disposed between the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop, and the switching mechanism (6) can switch the communication state of the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop, so that the motor heat exchange loop and the battery heat exchange loop form mutually independent circulation loops or form a series circulation loop.
3. The thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein the switching mechanism (6) is a second four-way valve.
4. Thermal management system according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said throttling means comprise a first throttling means (7), a second throttling means (8) and a third throttling means (9), the compressor (1), the in-vehicle heat exchanger (2), the first throttle device (7) and the out-vehicle heat exchanger (3) form a circulation loop, the first end of the first intermediate heat exchanger (4) is connected with a pipeline between the heat exchanger (2) inside the vehicle and the heat exchanger (3) outside the vehicle through the second throttling device (8), the second end is connected with an air suction port of the compressor (1), the second intermediate heat exchanger (5) is connected in parallel with the in-vehicle heat exchanger (2), the first end of the second intermediate heat exchanger (5) is connected with a pipeline between the heat exchanger (2) inside the vehicle and the heat exchanger (3) outside the vehicle through the third throttling device (9).
5. The thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that a first branch (10) and a second branch (11) are arranged in parallel at a first end of the first intermediate heat exchanger (4), the first branch (10) and the second branch (11) are connected to a pipeline between the on-board heat exchanger (2) and the off-board heat exchanger (3), a first control valve (12) is arranged on the first branch (10), a second control valve (13) is arranged on the second branch (11), and the first throttling device (7) is arranged on the pipeline between the first branch (10) and the second branch (11).
6. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that a third control valve (14) is arranged on the line where the second intermediate heat exchanger (5) is located.
7. The thermal management system according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electric machine heat exchange circuit comprises a first pump (17), a motor controller (18), a main drive motor (19) and a motor radiator (20) connected in series, the heat exchange fluid of the electric machine heat exchange circuit flowing through the first intermediate heat exchanger (4).
8. The thermal management system according to claim 7, further comprising a blower (21), said blower (21) being disposed between said heat exchanger external to the vehicle (3) and said electric machine radiator (20) and being capable of blowing air heat-exchanged by said electric machine radiator (20) toward said heat exchanger external to the vehicle (3).
9. The heat management system according to claim 7, wherein the motor heat exchange loop further comprises a parallel pipeline (22) connected in parallel with a pipeline where the motor radiator (20) is located, a fourth control valve (15) is arranged on the pipeline where the motor radiator (20) is located, and a fifth control valve (16) is arranged on the parallel pipeline (22).
10. The thermal management system according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the battery heat exchange circuit comprises a second pump (23), a power battery (24) and an expansion tank (25), the expansion tank (25) flowing water through the second intermediate heat exchanger (5).
11. The thermal management system according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the air conditioning refrigerant circuit further comprises a first four-way valve (26), the discharge of the compressor (1) being connected with a first interface of the first four-way valve (26), the in-vehicle heat exchanger (2) and the second intermediate heat exchanger (5) being connected to a second interface of the first four-way valve (26), the suction of the compressor (1) being connected to a third interface of the first four-way valve (26), the out-vehicle heat exchanger (3) being connected to a fourth interface of the first four-way valve (26).
12. An electric vehicle comprising a thermal management system, wherein the thermal management system is according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
CN202110795513.6A 2021-07-14 2021-07-14 Thermal management system and electric automobile Active CN113370748B (en)

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