CN113367243A - Additive for protecting intestinal health of piglets - Google Patents
Additive for protecting intestinal health of piglets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113367243A CN113367243A CN202110654948.9A CN202110654948A CN113367243A CN 113367243 A CN113367243 A CN 113367243A CN 202110654948 A CN202110654948 A CN 202110654948A CN 113367243 A CN113367243 A CN 113367243A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- piglets
- intestinal
- additive
- butyric acid
- nicotinic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
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Abstract
The invention discloses an additive for protecting piglet intestinal health, which is a composition coated by microcapsules, wherein the composition comprises butyric acid or/and butyrate and nicotinic acid or/and nicotinamide, the mass ratio of the components in the composition is 100:1-100:8, and the mass ratio of the components in the microcapsules is 20-40%. After the composite coating is carried out, the effect is better than that of singly adding any single component, so that the dosage of each additive is reduced, and the cost is saved. The additive premix can obviously protect the intestinal health of piglets and inhibit the intestinal inflammation of the piglets, thereby improving the growth performance of the piglets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of piglet feed additives, in particular to a feed additive for protecting intestinal health of piglets.
Background
After the piglets are weaned, the intestinal tract function is not completely developed, the intestinal tract immunity is low, and the intestinal cell energy is not sufficiently supplied, so that the intestinal tract mucosa of the piglets is damaged, the intestinal tract function is disordered, severe diarrhea and growth obstruction are easy to occur, the appetite is often poor, the digestion function is weakened, the nutrient digestion and absorption rate of the piglets is reduced, the immunity is reduced, the feed reward is reduced, and the production performance of the piglets is influenced. At present, technologies for protecting and improving the intestinal health of piglets are various, and a scheme of adding probiotics is adopted, and patent application CN202010338893.6 discloses a compound feed for improving the intestinal health of weaned piglets, which comprises mannan oligosaccharide, and compound probiotics and basic feed consisting of bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, clostridium butyricum and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the feed has positive influence on the intestinal flora structure of the piglets; according to the scheme of the Chinese herbal medicines, patent application CN201710139850.3 discloses a Chinese herbal medicine composition for regulating piglet intestinal health, which comprises rhizoma atractylodis, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, rhizoma zingiberis, pericarpium citri reticulatae, scorched hawthorn, scorched medicated leaven and scorched malt, and the result shows that the addition of Erzhu Sanxian powder can improve piglet intestinal morphology and intestinal flora and has a remarkable effect of promoting intestinal health. With the scheme of increasing basic nutrition, patent application CN201210164947.7 discloses that a protein source with a weight ratio of soy protein, cereal protein and animal protein of 7: 3: 1 can significantly improve the productivity of weaned piglets, improve the metabolic status of the organism, and increase the level of hormone insulin synthesized by the organism of the piglets, and has a certain influence on the digestive enzyme activity of intestinal mucosa nutrient substances of the intestinal tracts of the weaned piglets.
The butyric acid or butyrate can enhance the intestinal immunity of weaned pigs, relieve diarrhea and promote growth. However, in the production practice, the application effect of the butyric acid or butyrate product is unstable and greatly different due to coating, and other internal influence factors may exist besides the production process of the product. The feed is added with nicotinic acid or nicotinamide, which mainly utilizes the function of the nicotinic acid or nicotinamide as vitamin. But studies related to the lack of intestinal immune function of animals are synergistically regulated by butyric acid or/and butyrate and nicotinic acid or/and nicotinamide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the feed additive for protecting the intestinal health of the piglets, and the feed additive provided by the invention can well protect the intestinal health of the piglets, improve the feed intake and daily gain of the piglets, reduce the diarrhea rate of the piglets, ensure the health and normal growth of the piglets and improve the economic benefit of a farm.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an additive for protecting the intestinal health of piglets, which is a microcapsule-coated composition, wherein the composition comprises butyric acid or/and butyrate salt and nicotinic acid or/and nicotinamide with the mass ratio of 100:1-100:8, and the mass ratio in the microcapsule is 20-40%. The metal ions in the butyrate in the microcapsule-coated composition are lithium, sodium and potassium. The microcapsule composition was prepared according to the existing method. The additive provided by the invention can ensure that butyric acid or/and butyrate and nicotinic acid or/and nicotinamide reach the hindgut, especially the large intestine according to the optimal addition ratio by utilizing a composite coating technology, can safely and efficiently protect the intestinal health of piglets, and can improve the intestinal flora.
The nicotinic acid-butyric acid synergistically regulates and controls the intestinal immune function of animals in three ways, namely GPR109A mediates the nicotinic acid-butyric acid to regulate and control the intestinal immune function, the nicotinic acid-butyric acid has an important regulation and control effect on the intestinal mucosal immune function, the nicotinic acid is an important metabolite of intestinal microorganisms, controls the concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in vivo, plays an important role in the aspects of intestinal energy metabolism and the immune function, can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors such as MPO, TNF-alpha and the like in intestinal tracts of mice induced by DSS, is added with nicotinamide or nicotinic acid to remarkably improve the expression of small intestinal epithelial cell antibacterial peptide, and relieves tryptophan deficiency or ACE2 knockout of intestinal inflammation and diarrhea of the mice. Nicotinic acid and butyric acid share GPR109A in the intestinal mucosa, and both intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells are present in GPR 109A. GPR109A has an anti-inflammatory effect in gut antigen presenting cells, and GPR109A knockout mice are susceptible to colitis. Researches show that nicotinic acid-butyric acid is recognized by GPR109A to improve dendritic cells and macrophages to generate anti-inflammatory factors IL-10, so that regulatory T cells are induced to generate and Th17 cells are inhibited, and IL-18 expression is improved after intestinal epithelial cells are recognized by GPR109A receptors, so that intestinal mucosal injury repair is promoted; secondly, the intestinal immunity is influenced through energy metabolism, and the nicotinic acid-butyric acid plays an important role in the energy metabolism of intestinal cells. Butyric acid is abundantly absorbed in the colon, accounting for about 60% -70% of the oxygen consumption of the colon, and can be used as an energy source for colon epithelial cells. Butyric acid also regulates energy metabolism by increasing insulin sensitivity, exacerbating fatty acid oxidation, activating intestinal gluconeogenesis through the "gut-brain axis", and the like. Nicotinic acid is a component of coenzymes NAD + and NADP, and is involved in the processes of lipid metabolism of cells, oxidation of respiration, anaerobic decomposition of saccharides and the like. Research shows that macrophage after succinic acid treatment has reduced extracellular acidification rate, improved energy metabolism, induced macrophage differentiation with strong antibacterial activity, and regulated organism immunity; thirdly, histone acetylation is regulated to influence intestinal immunity, proteins are important components of chromatin repetitive unit nucleosomes, and histone modification can accurately regulate and control innate immune response and expression of corresponding defense genes. In the histone modification mode, histone acetylation plays a key role in transcriptional regulation of cell inflammatory factors, antibacterial peptides and the like. Researches show that the HDACs inhibitor can obviously improve the expression of antibacterial peptide AMP in infected and normal human colon Caco-2 cells, and does not influence the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. The butyrate is used as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, promotes the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages by inhibiting HDAC3, induces small intestine macrophages to generate antibacterial active substances, and enhances the resistance to intestinal pathogenic bacteria. The SIRTs is NAD < + > dependent deacetylase, is widely expressed in intestinal epithelial cells such as small intestine, colon and the like, and can regulate acetylation of histone and non-histone, including acetylation of proteins such as NF-kappa B, AP-1, MAPK and the like, so as to regulate transcription of intestinal immune factors. Nicotinic acid or nicotinamide can modulate the activity of SIRTs by modulating the NAD/NADH ratio. Under a stress state, the increase of NAD + synthesis can activate SIRT1, promote the renewal of intestinal stem cells and improve the repair of intestinal mucosal barrier injury. There is an interaction between HDACs and SIRTs in the regulation of cellular immune responses.
The additive provided by the invention is compounded and coated with butyric acid or/and butyrate and nicotinic acid or/and nicotinamide, so that the components in the additive can reach a specified position and be released according to an optimal proportion, and the important factors of intestinal tract (particularly large intestine) microorganisms and immune homeostasis of piglets are synergistically regulated and controlled through GPR109A receptors, energy metabolism, histone acetylation modification and other approaches, thereby protecting the intestinal tract of the piglets and improving the growth performance of the piglets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of metabolomics and 16S bioinformation analysis in an application example. 1A: statistical map of short chain fatty acid metabolism in feces; 1B: colon 16S analysis histogram; 1C: stool 16S analysis statistical profile.
FIG. 2 is a statistical chart of the qPCR detection analysis results of the S100A8, TNF-alpha and IL-4 genes in the examples. 2A: analyzing S100A8 gene; 2B: TNF-alpha gene analysis; 2C: IL-4 gene analysis.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described below by way of specific examples, which are provided only for the purpose of further illustrating the present invention and do not represent the scope of the present invention, and other insubstantial modifications and adaptations made in accordance with the present invention would still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An additive for protecting intestinal health of piglets is prepared by uniformly mixing 2000mg of butyric acid and 20mg of nicotinamide according to a mass ratio of 100: 1. According to the existing microencapsulation method, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, chitosan and silicon dioxide are mixed and boiled and expanded at a high temperature of 230 ℃ in a fluidized bed to obtain a mixture, then an aqueous solution of butyric acid and nicotinamide is sprayed on the mixture, the mixture is dried at a high temperature and then is solidified at a low temperature to solidify and form composite particles, then coating materials of carnauba wax, palm oil and polyethylene glycol are dissolved in an organic solvent, and bottom spraying coating is carried out in the fluidized bed to obtain butyric acid-nicotinamide particles with uniform coating, wherein the content of the composite is 20%.
Example 2
An additive for protecting intestinal health of piglets is prepared by uniformly mixing 2000mg of sodium butyrate and 40mg of nicotinic acid according to a mass ratio of 100: 2. According to the existing microencapsulation method, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, chitosan and silicon dioxide are mixed and boiled and expanded at a high temperature of 230 ℃ in a fluidized bed to obtain a mixture, then an aqueous solution of sodium butyrate and nicotinic acid is sprayed on the mixture, the mixture is dried at a high temperature and then solidified at a low temperature to solidify and form composite particles, then coating materials of carnauba wax, palm oil and polyethylene glycol are dissolved in an organic solvent, and bottom spraying coating is carried out in the fluidized bed to obtain sodium butyrate-nicotinic acid particles with uniform coating, wherein the content of the composite is 30%.
Example 3
An additive for protecting intestinal health of piglets is prepared by uniformly mixing 1000mg of butyric acid, 1000mg of lithium butyrate, 40mg of nicotinamide and 40mg of nicotinic acid according to a mass ratio of 100: 4. According to the existing microencapsulation method, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, chitosan and silicon dioxide are mixed and boiled and expanded at a high temperature of 230 ℃ in a fluidized bed to obtain a mixture, then aqueous solution of butyric acid, sodium butyrate, nicotinamide and nicotinic acid is sprayed on the mixture, the mixture is dried at a high temperature and then solidified at a low temperature to solidify and form composite particles, then coating materials of carnauba wax, palm oil and polyethylene glycol are dissolved in an organic solvent, and bottom spray coating is carried out in the fluidized bed to obtain the butyric acid-lithium butyrate-nicotinamide-nicotinic acid particles with uniform coating, wherein the content of the composite is 40%.
Example 4
An additive for protecting intestinal health of piglets is prepared by uniformly mixing 2000mg of sodium butyrate, 80mg of nicotinamide and 80mg of nicotinic acid according to a mass ratio of 100: 8. According to the existing microencapsulation method, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, chitosan and silicon dioxide are mixed and boiled and expanded at a high temperature of 230 ℃ in a fluidized bed to obtain a mixture, then aqueous solution of butyric acid, sodium butyrate, nicotinamide and nicotinic acid is sprayed on the mixture, the mixture is dried at a high temperature and then solidified at a low temperature to solidify and form composite particles, then coating materials of carnauba wax, palm oil and polyethylene glycol are dissolved in an organic solvent, and bottom spray coating is carried out in the fluidized bed to obtain sodium butyrate-nicotinamide-nicotinic acid particles with uniform coating, wherein the content of the composite is 30%.
Example 5
An additive for protecting intestinal health of piglets is prepared by uniformly mixing 1000mg of butyric acid, 1000mg of potassium butyrate and 120mg of nicotinamide according to a mass ratio of 100: 6. According to the existing microencapsulation method, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, chitosan and silicon dioxide are mixed and boiled and expanded at a high temperature of 230 ℃ in a fluidized bed to obtain a mixture, then aqueous solution of butyric acid, sodium butyrate, nicotinamide and nicotinic acid is sprayed on the mixture, the mixture is dried at a high temperature and then solidified at a low temperature to solidify and form composite particles, then coating materials of carnauba wax, palm oil and polyethylene glycol are dissolved in an organic solvent, and bottom spray coating is carried out in the fluidized bed to obtain uniform coated butyric acid-potassium butyrate-nicotinamide particles with the composite content of 40%.
Application example
72 weaned piglets with good health condition and similar weight are selected in the test and randomly divided into 6 groups, 6 piglets in each group are repeated, and 2 piglets are repeated. The test uses a composite coating method, and 1-6 groups of treatments are respectively, 1 group: basal ration; and 2, group: basal diet +2% composite coated sodium butyrate-niacin (100: 1); and 3, group: basal diet +2% composite coated sodium butyrate-niacin (100: 2); 4 groups are as follows: basal diet +2% composite coated sodium butyrate-niacin (100: 4); and 5, group: basal diet +2% uncoated sodium butyrate and uncoated niacin (100: 2) 40 mg/kg; 6 groups are as follows: basal ration +2% separately coated sodium butyrate and coated niacin (100: 2), the basal ration was composed as in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic diet formula and nutritional composition
Freely feed and drink, test day 14, weigh, slaughter 6 heads per group, collect samples such as serum, liver, large intestine content and each intestine section tissue. The production properties are shown in table 2:
table 2: influence of composite coating nicotinic acid-butyric acid added into daily ration on growth performance of weaned piglets
（0-14d）
Test results show that the feed added with the niacin-butyric acid coated in a composite way can promote the growth of piglets, and when the addition proportion of the composite coating is 100: the effect is the best in 2 (test 3 group), and the effect of adding the nicotinic acid-butyric acid composite coating is better than that of adding the single coating, and if the nicotinic acid-butyric acid composite coating is added commonly, the production performance of piglets is inhibited, and diarrhea is aggravated. Therefore, the addition ratio of butyric acid and nicotinic acid and the addition method thereof are the key points of the combined use.
The 16S bioinformatics analysis was performed on the stool, colon content samples of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, see fig. 1. The results show that: the experimental 3 group was added with 100:2, nicotinic acid, showing a significant increase in the concentration of butyric acid in feces (fig. 1A); colon 16S analysis shows that with the addition of butyric acid and nicotinic acid, the relative abundance of the flora of the streptococcus is gradually increased, but the relative abundance of the flora of the lactobacillus is gradually decreased, and the streptococcus and the lactobacillus can generate butyric acid and nicotinic acid through metabolism (fig. 1B); analysis of feces 16S showed that the relative abundance of the flora of lactic acid bacteria was gradually increased with the addition of butyric acid and niacin (fig. 1C). The invention can improve the intestinal flora and the metabolism of the piglets.
qPCR assays were performed on genes such as S100A8, TNF-. alpha., IL-4, etc., in ileum tissue samples from groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, as shown in FIG. 2. The result shows that the coating added with nicotinic acid and butyric acid can effectively inhibit the expression of the intestinal inflammatory factor and can regulate and control the intestinal immune function.
Claims (4)
1. An additive for protecting the intestinal health of piglets, which is a microcapsule-coated composition, characterized in that the composition comprises butyric acid or/and butyrate salt and nicotinic acid or/and nicotinamide.
2. The additive for protecting the intestinal health of piglets according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of butyric acid or/and butyrate salt to nicotinic acid or/and nicotinamide in the microcapsule-coated composition is 100:1-100:8, and the mass ratio in the microcapsule is 20% -40%.
3. Additive for the protection of the intestinal health of piglets according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the metal ions in the butyrate in the microencapsulated composition are lithium, sodium, potassium.
4. The use method of the additive for protecting the intestinal health of the piglets according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein the additive is added into a complete feed according to the addition amount of 0.5-3%.
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| CN114521617A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-05-24 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Feed additive for preventing pig diarrhea and preparation method thereof |
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