CN113364474B - Dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system and method based on time reversal - Google Patents
Dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system and method based on time reversal Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/23—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/27—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0408—Circuits with power amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0408—Circuits with power amplifiers
- H04B2001/0433—Circuits with power amplifiers with linearisation using feedback
Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system and method based on time reversal, and belongs to the technical field of wireless energy transmission. In the wireless energy transmission system and the method, the power detection module and the gain control module are utilized, and according to the power information of the current stage and the feedback power information of the next stage, data are provided for the gain control of the amplifier, whether the power of the actual energy transmission signal meets the power requirement can be detected, and the gain of the amplifier is dynamically adjusted according to the detection result. The invention can effectively improve the precision and stability of the energy transmission system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless energy transmission, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system and method based on time reversal.
Background
In recent years, 5G's commercial deployment falls to the ground fast, in indoor scenes such as intelligent factory and wisdom house, has used a large amount of sensor equipment, and it is used for the control of each parameter in the production life, has reduced the expenditure of manpower, improves production efficiency, is the essential part in the production life. Generally, the sensors have small battery capacity, large quantity and difficult power supply, so how to solve the problem of power supply of mass sensors is an important pain point of intelligent factories and smart homes. Powering wirelessly makes these problems readily apparent. The existing Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is mainly performed by coil coupling or antenna directional radiation, and can only be applied to short-range or long-range point-to-point special scenes, and the volume of an energy receiving end is too large.
In indoor scenes such as an intelligent factory and an intelligent home, the positions of the sensors are different, and the distances are different. The existing WPT technology has inherent technical bottleneck, the application range and the application condition are severely limited, and the actual energy transmission requirement cannot be met. Time Reversal Wireless Power Transfer (TR-WPT) is a new direction of Wireless Power Transfer research developed in recent years. Different from the traditional WPT, the TR-WPT does not perform energy transmission in a "dispersive wave" manner, but precisely transmits electromagnetic energy radiated by an antenna to a target point in a "point focused wave" manner by means of a Time-Reversal (TR) space-Time focusing mechanism.
In view of the inherent advantages of the TR-WPT, the TR-WPT is expected to break through the wireless power transmission problem in various application scenes of the Internet of things. For example, the chinese patent application No. 2020106456579 discloses a system and a method for variable-focus wireless energy transmission based on a planar time reversal mirror, and belongs to the technical field of radiation type wireless energy transmission. Compared with the traditional wireless energy transmission based on time reversal, the invention can reduce the energy loss of the antenna array, narrow the beam width of the antenna, concentrate the beam, and further stabilize and improve the energy transmission efficiency. For example, the chinese patent application No. 201810580750.9 discloses a method and an apparatus for multi-target selective wireless power transmission based on focused waves, which linearly superimposes TR return signals of each energy-receiving target acquired by a TRM, thereby realizing selective wireless power transmission of multiple energy-receiving targets. However, the receiving devices of the above two inventions do not have the functions of calibrating the wireless energy transmission channel and providing system stability by using a feedback loop. For example, the application number 2017100580903, which is a chinese patent application, is an indoor wireless energy transmission system and a wireless energy transmission method, the application lacks the function of receiving end detection and adopts the loop feedback technology of this stage, the equipment is complex, and adaptive tracking cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing defects of the prior art and provide a time reversal high-efficiency dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system and method based on a negative feedback amplifier, which are used for solving the technical problems of low efficiency, uncontrollable output amplitude and the like in the existing wireless energy transmission technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system based on time reversal comprises a main control module, a time reversal antenna array and a feed network.
The main control module is used for controlling mode jumping of the feed network, providing time reversal processing and providing an initial energy transmission signal for the first-stage feed unit.
The time reversal antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving and transmitting antenna array elements, is used for receiving a guide signal transmitted by the receiving end and transmitting the guide signal to the feed unit, and is also used for radiating an energy transmission signal transmitted by the feed unit to the receiving end.
The feed network comprises a plurality of feed units which are sequentially cascaded and used for feeding the time reversal antenna array, and each feed unit is connected with one receiving and transmitting antenna array element.
The feed unit comprises a signal processing and control module, an amplitude and phase extraction module, a phase control module, a gain adjustment module and a radio frequency switch.
The main control module is connected with the signal processing and control module of the first-stage feed unit, and the signal processing and control module of the rear-stage feed unit and the upper-stage signal processing and control module are sequentially cascaded.
The signal processing and control module jumps to a working mode according to the instruction of the main control module, and the working mode of the signal processing and control module comprises an amplitude-phase extraction mode, an energy transmission mode and a sleep mode.
Wherein, in the sleep mode, the wireless energy transmission system suspends the work.
In the amplitude-phase extraction mode, the signal processing and control module enables the radio frequency switch to be switched to be connected with the amplitude-phase extraction module; the amplitude and phase extraction module receives and extracts amplitude and phase information of the guide signal, and sends the amplitude and phase information to the main control unit through the signal processing and control module of the first-stage feed unit for time reversal processing, so that time reversal information of each-stage feed unit is obtained.
In the energy transmission mode, the signal processing and control module enables the radio frequency switch to be switched to be connected with the gain adjustment module; and receiving time reversal information transmitted by the main control module, and controlling the phase control module and the gain adjustment module to perform phase shifting and power adjustment on the initial energy transmission signal according to the time reversal information to obtain an energy transmission signal.
Preferably, the gain adjustment module includes a power detection module, a Buck circuit, a first power divider, an amplifier, and a second power divider.
The phase control module is used for shifting the phase of the initial energy transmission signal and sending the initial energy transmission signal after the phase shifting to the first power divider.
The first power divider divides the phase-shifted initial energy transmission signal into a first path of radio frequency signal and a second path of radio frequency signal.
The first path of radio frequency signal is sent to the power detection module, the power detection module detects power information of the first path of radio frequency signal and sends the power information to the signal processing and control module, the signal processing and control module controls output voltage of the Buck circuit according to the power information, the output voltage is bias voltage of the amplifier, and the power of the second path of radio frequency signal is adjusted by adjusting gain of the amplifier.
The second path of radio frequency signal is subjected to power adjustment through an amplifier to obtain an amplified radio frequency signal; the amplified radio frequency signal is subjected to power division into a first path of amplified radio frequency signal and a second path of amplified radio frequency signal after passing through a second power divider; the first path of amplified radio frequency signal is used as an energy transmission signal and is radiated to an energy receiving end through a transmitting-receiving antenna array element; and the second path of amplified radio frequency signal is transmitted to a phase control module of a next-stage feed unit to be used as an initial energy transmission signal.
Preferably, the signal processing and control module feeds back the power information to the signal processing and control module of the previous feeding unit after obtaining the power information; and the signal processing and control module calculates the gain actually required by the amplifier according to the power information of the current stage and the power information fed back by the next stage, and adjusts the output voltage of the Buck circuit again so as to adjust the gain of the amplifier.
Further, the main control module comprises a communication module, a control module and an RF signal source; the communication module is used for receiving a request signal transmitted by an energy receiving end; the control module controls the mode skip of the feed network according to the request signal; the RF signal source is used for providing an initial energy transmission signal for the first-stage feed unit.
Based on the system, the invention also provides a high-efficiency dynamic gain wireless energy transmission method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: when the main control module receives an energy transmission request signal sent by the energy receiving end, the signal processing and control module of each stage of feed unit is awakened, and the signal processing and control module of each stage of feed unit sends an instruction to the radio frequency switch, so that each stage of feed unit works in an amplitude-phase extraction mode.
Step 2: when each stage of feed unit works in an amplitude-phase extraction mode, the guide signals transmitted by the energy receiving end received by the time reversal antenna array enter the amplitude-phase extraction module through the radio frequency switch, amplitude and phase information of the guide signals is extracted, and the results are transmitted to the signal processing and control module of each stage of feed unit.
And step 3: the amplitude and phase information obtained by each level of amplitude and phase extraction module is sent to the control module through the signal processing and control module of the first level of feed unit for time reversal processing, so that time reversal information of each level of feed unit is obtained and is transmitted back to the signal processing and control module of each level of feed unit.
And 4, step 4: the main control module controls each stage of feed unit to enter an energy transmission mode and generates an initial energy transmission signal to feed into the phase control module of the first stage of feed unit.
And 5: and the signal processing and control module controls the phase control module according to the time reversal information, changes the phase of the initial energy transmission signal and transmits the initial energy transmission signal to the first power divider.
Step 6: dividing the initial energy transmission signal after phase shifting into a first path of radio frequency signal and a second path of radio frequency signal through a first power divider; the first path of radio frequency signal is sent to the power detection module, and the second path of radio frequency signal is sent to the amplifier. The power of the first path of radio frequency signal is 1/n +1 of the initial energy transmission signal, and the value range of the power of the second path of radio frequency signal is n/n +1,n of the initial energy transmission signal is 9 to 200 。
And 7: the power detection module detects the input power of the first path of radio frequency signal, transmits the power information of the current stage to the signal processing and control module, and finishes power detection; and meanwhile, the power information of the current stage is fed back to the signal processing and control module of the previous stage.
And 8: the signal processing and control module obtains the actual power of the initial energy transmission signal according to the power information of the current stage, calculates the gain required by the amplifier by combining with time reversal information, and controls the Buck circuit to output corresponding voltage according to the gain required by the amplifier so that the amplifier outputs the amplified radio frequency signal with the adjusted power.
And step 9: the second power divider receives the amplified radio frequency signal and divides the amplified radio frequency signal into a first path of amplified radio frequency signal and a second path of amplified radio frequency signal; the first path of amplified radio frequency signal is used as an energy transmission signal and conducted to a receiving and transmitting antenna array element through a radio frequency switch, and the energy transmission signal is radiated to a free space and carries out energy transmission on an energy receiving end. And the second path of amplified radio frequency signal is sent to the next stage of feed unit as an initial energy transmission signal. The power of the first path of amplified radio frequency signals is 1/m +1 of the amplified radio frequency signals, and the power of the second path of amplified radio frequency signals is m/m +1,m of the amplified radio frequency signals, wherein the value range of the m/m +1,m of the amplified radio frequency signals is 9-200.
Step 10: the signal processing and control module judges whether the amplified radio frequency signal meets the actually required time reversal output power or not according to the power information fed back by the next stage; if not, adjusting the actual gain of the Buck output voltage control amplifier of the current stage until the output power requirement is met; if yes, the gain adjustment of the amplifier at the current stage is finished.
Step 11: and (5) repeating the steps 5-10 at the next stage of feed unit until all the feed units finish the regulation and control of the phase and the output power of the energy transmission signal.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The feed unit is provided with a phase control module and a gain control module, and can flexibly and freely complete the processing of the energy transmission signal.
(2) The initial energy transmission signals of all levels of feed units are obtained by the superior feed units, and compared with the traditional connection mode, the method avoids complex signal synchronous processing.
(3) The invention utilizes the Buck circuit to control the gain of the amplifier, and improves the energy transmission efficiency compared with the traditional attenuator.
(4) The invention utilizes the power detection module to realize the power negative feedback of the amplifier, not only obtains the actual input power of the amplifier to provide data for the gain control of the amplifier, but also detects the power of the actual energy transmission signal of the superior feed unit, and improves the precision and the stability of the energy transmission system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system based on time reversal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phase-amplitude extraction mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an energy delivery mode.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system based on time reversal of the present embodiment includes a main control module, a time reversal antenna array, and a feeding network.
The main control module is used for controlling mode jumping of the feed network, providing time reversal processing and providing an initial energy transmission signal for the first-stage feed unit. The main control module comprises a communication module, a control module and an RF signal source; the communication module is used for receiving a request signal transmitted by the receiving end; the control module controls the mode skip of the feed network according to the request signal; the RF signal source is used for providing an initial energy transmission signal for the first-stage feeding unit.
The time reversal antenna array comprises 1*3 transceiving antenna array elements with the size of 76mm x 76mm, is used for receiving a guide signal transmitted by an energy receiving end and sending the guide signal to a feed unit, and is also used for radiating an energy transmission signal transmitted by the feed unit to the energy receiving end.
The feed network comprises 1*3 feed units which are sequentially cascaded and used for feeding the time reversal antenna array, and each feed unit is connected with one transmitting-receiving antenna array element.
The feed unit comprises a signal processing and control module, an amplitude and phase extraction module, a phase control module, a gain adjustment module and a radio frequency switch.
The main control module is connected with the signal processing and control module of the first-stage feed unit, and the signal processing and control module of the rear-stage feed unit and the upper-stage signal processing and control module are sequentially cascaded.
The signal processing and control module jumps to a working mode according to the instruction of the main control module, and the working mode of the signal processing and control module comprises an amplitude-phase extraction mode, an energy transmission mode and a sleep mode.
Wherein, in the sleep mode, the wireless energy transmission system suspends the work.
As shown in fig. 2, in the amplitude-phase extraction mode, the signal processing and control module switches the rf switch to connect with the amplitude-phase extraction module; the amplitude and phase extraction module receives and extracts amplitude and phase information of the guide signal, and sends the amplitude and phase information to the main control unit through the signal processing and control module of the first-stage feed unit for time reversal processing, so that time reversal information of each-stage feed unit is obtained.
As shown in fig. 3, in the energy transmission mode, the signal processing and control module switches the rf switch to connect the gain adjustment module; and time reversal information transmitted by the main control module is received, and the phase control module and the gain adjustment module are controlled according to the time reversal information to perform phase shifting and power adjustment on the initial energy transmission signal to obtain an energy transmission signal.
Specifically, the gain adjustment module includes a power detection module, a Buck circuit, a first power divider, an amplifier, and a second power divider.
The phase control module is used for shifting the phase of the initial energy transmission signal and sending the initial energy transmission signal after the phase shifting to the first power divider.
The first power divider divides the initial energy transmission signal after phase shifting into a first path of radio frequency signal and a second path of radio frequency signal, wherein the power of the first path of radio frequency signal accounts for 1% of the initial energy transmission signal, and the power of the second path of radio frequency signal accounts for 99% of the initial energy transmission signal.
The first path of radio frequency signal is sent to a power detection module, and the power detection module detects power information of the first path of radio frequency signal and sends the power information to a signal processing and control module; the signal processing and control module feeds the power information back to the feeding unit of the previous stage, then calculates the gain actually required by the amplifier according to the power information of the current stage and the power information fed back by the next stage, thereby controlling the output voltage of the Buck circuit, wherein the output voltage is the bias voltage of the amplifier, and the power of the second path of radio frequency signal is adjusted by adjusting the gain of the amplifier.
The second path of radio frequency signal is subjected to power adjustment through an amplifier to obtain an amplified radio frequency signal; the amplified radio frequency signal is subjected to power division into a first path of amplified radio frequency signal and a second path of amplified radio frequency signal after passing through a second power divider, wherein the power of the first path of radio frequency signal accounts for 99% of the amplified radio frequency signal, and the power of the second path of radio frequency signal accounts for 99% of the amplified radio frequency signal; the first path of amplified radio frequency signal is used as an energy transmission signal and is radiated to an energy receiving end through a transmitting-receiving antenna array element; and the second path of amplified radio frequency signal is transmitted to a phase control module of a next-stage feed unit to be used as an initial energy transmission signal.
The working process of the wireless energy transmission system is as follows:
step 1: when the communication module of the main control module receives an energy transmission request signal sent by the energy receiving end, the energy transmission request signal is transmitted to the control module, the control module wakes up the signal processing and control modules of all levels of feed units, and the signal processing and control modules of all levels of feed units send instructions to the radio frequency switch, so that all levels of feed units work in an amplitude-phase extraction mode.
Step 2: when each stage of feed unit works in an amplitude-phase extraction mode, a pilot signal transmitted by an energy receiving end and received by the time reversal antenna array enters an amplitude-phase extraction module through a radio frequency switch, amplitude and phase information of the pilot signal is extracted, and the result is transmitted to a signal processing and control module of each stage of feed unit.
And 3, step 3: the amplitude and phase information obtained by each level of amplitude and phase extraction module is sent to the control module through the signal processing and control module of the first level of feed unit for time reversal processing, so that time reversal information of each level of feed unit is obtained and is transmitted back to the signal processing and control module of each level of feed unit.
And 4, step 4: the main control module controls each stage of feed unit to enter an energy transmission mode, and the RF signal source generates an initial energy transmission signal and transmits the initial energy transmission signal to the phase control module of the first stage of feed unit.
And 5: and the signal processing and control module controls the phase control module according to the time reversal information, changes the phase of the initial energy transmission signal and transmits the initial energy transmission signal to the first power divider.
And 6: dividing the initial energy transmission signal after phase shifting into a first path of radio frequency signal and a second path of radio frequency signal through a first power divider; the first path of radio frequency signal is sent to the power detection module, and the second path of radio frequency signal is sent to the amplifier; the power of the first path of radio frequency signal accounts for 1% of the initial energy transmission channel, and the power of the second path of radio frequency signal accounts for 99% of the initial energy transmission channel.
And 7: the power detection module detects the input power of the first path of radio frequency signal, transmits the power information of the current stage to the signal processing and control module, and finishes power detection; and meanwhile, the power information of the current stage is fed back to the signal processing and control module of the previous stage.
And step 8: the signal processing and control module obtains the actual power of the initial energy transmission signal according to the power information of the current stage, calculates the gain required by the amplifier by combining with time reversal information, and controls the Buck circuit to output corresponding voltage according to the gain required by the amplifier so that the amplifier outputs the amplified radio frequency signal with the adjusted power.
And step 9: the second power divider receives the amplified radio frequency signal and divides the amplified radio frequency signal into a first path of amplified radio frequency signal and a second path of amplified radio frequency signal. The first path of amplified radio frequency signal is used as an energy transmission signal and is conducted to a receiving and transmitting antenna array element through a radio frequency switch, and the energy transmission signal is transmitted to a free space to carry out energy transmission. And the second path of amplified radio frequency signal is sent to the next stage of feed unit to be used as an initial energy transmission signal. The power of the first path of radio frequency signal accounts for 99% of the amplified radio frequency signal, and the power of the second path of radio frequency signal accounts for 99% of the amplified radio frequency signal.
Step 10: the signal processing and control module judges whether the amplified radio-frequency signal meets the actually required time reversal output power or not according to the power information fed back by the next stage; if not, adjusting the actual gain of the Buck output voltage control amplifier of the current stage until the output power requirement is met; if the output signal meets the requirement, the amplifier of the current stage finishes gain adjustment, and the energy transmission signal meets the requirement of the signal processing and control module.
Step 11: and repeating the steps 5-10 at the next stage of feed unit until the 3 feed units finish the regulation and control of the phase and the output power of the energy transmission signal.
According to the embodiment, the time reversal high-efficiency dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system based on the negative feedback amplifier is utilized, the problems that a common feed network is low in efficiency, a channel cannot be calibrated, and an output error exists can be solved on the basis of the negative feedback amplifier, wireless energy transmission is further achieved, and the large-scale array antenna can independently complete a wireless energy transmission process.
Claims (6)
1. A dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system based on time reversal comprises a main control module, a time reversal antenna array and a feed network;
the main control module is used for controlling mode skip of the feed network, providing time reversal processing and providing an initial energy transmission signal for the first-stage feed unit;
the time reversal antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving and transmitting antenna array elements, a feeding unit and a time reversal antenna array element, wherein the receiving and transmitting antenna array elements are used for receiving a guide signal transmitted by the receiving end and transmitting the guide signal to the feeding unit, and are also used for radiating an energy transmission signal transmitted by the feeding unit to the receiving end;
the feed network comprises a plurality of feed units which are sequentially cascaded and used for feeding the time reversal antenna array, and each feed unit is connected with a receiving and transmitting antenna array element;
the power feed unit comprises a signal processing and control module, an amplitude and phase extraction module, a phase control module, a gain adjustment module and a radio frequency switch;
the main control module is connected with the signal processing and control module of the first-stage feed unit, and the signal processing and control module of the rear-stage feed unit is sequentially cascaded with the upper-stage signal processing and control module;
the signal processing and control module jumps to a working mode according to an instruction of the main control module, and the working mode of the signal processing and control module comprises an amplitude-phase extraction mode, an energy transmission mode and a sleep mode;
wherein, in the sleep mode, the wireless energy transmission system suspends the work;
in the amplitude-phase extraction mode, the signal processing and control module enables the radio frequency switch to be switched to be connected with the amplitude-phase extraction module; the amplitude-phase extraction module receives and extracts amplitude and phase information of the guide signal, and sends the amplitude and phase information to the main control unit through the signal processing and control module of the first-stage feed unit for time reversal processing to obtain time reversal information of each-stage feed unit;
in the energy transmission mode, the signal processing and control module enables the radio frequency switch to be switched to be connected with the gain adjustment module; and receiving time reversal information transmitted by the main control module, and controlling the phase control module and the gain adjustment module to perform phase shifting and power adjustment on the initial energy transmission signal according to the time reversal information to obtain an energy transmission signal.
2. The time-reversal based dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the gain adjustment module comprises a power detection module, a Buck circuit, a first power divider, an amplifier, and a second power divider;
the phase control module is used for shifting the phase of the initial energy transmission signal and sending the initial energy transmission signal after the phase shifting to the first power divider;
the first power divider divides the initial energy transmission signal after phase shifting into a first path of radio frequency signal and a second path of radio frequency signal;
the first path of radio frequency signal is sent to a power detection module, the power detection module detects power information of the first path of radio frequency signal and sends the power information to a signal processing and control module, the signal processing and control module controls output voltage of the Buck circuit according to the power information, the output voltage is bias voltage of an amplifier, and the power of a second path of radio frequency signal is adjusted by adjusting gain of the amplifier;
the second path of radio frequency signal is subjected to power adjustment through an amplifier to obtain an amplified radio frequency signal; the amplified radio frequency signal is subjected to power division into a first path of amplified radio frequency signal and a second path of amplified radio frequency signal after passing through a second power divider; the first path of amplified radio frequency signal is used as an energy transmission signal and is radiated to an energy receiving end through a transmitting-receiving antenna array element; and the second path of amplified radio frequency signal is transmitted to a phase control module of a next-stage feed unit to be used as an initial energy transmission signal.
3. The time-reversal-based dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system according to claim 2, wherein the signal processing and control module feeds back power information to the signal processing and control module of the previous-stage feed unit after obtaining the power information; and the signal processing and control module calculates the gain actually required by the amplifier according to the power information of the current stage and the power information fed back by the next stage, and adjusts the output voltage of the Buck circuit again so as to adjust the gain of the amplifier.
4. The time-reversal based dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the master control module comprises a communication module, a control module, and an RF signal source; the communication module is used for receiving a request signal transmitted by an energy receiving end; the control module controls the mode skip of the feed network according to the request signal; the RF signal source is used for providing an initial energy transmission signal for the first-stage feed unit.
5. An energy transmission method of the dynamic gain wireless energy transmission system based on the time reversal of claim 4, comprising the steps of:
step 1: when the main control module receives an energy transmission request signal sent by an energy receiving end, the signal processing and control module of each level of feed unit is awakened, and the signal processing and control module of each level of feed unit sends an instruction to the radio frequency switch, so that each level of feed unit works in an amplitude-phase extraction mode;
and 2, step: when each stage of feed unit works in an amplitude-phase extraction mode, a guide signal transmitted by an energy receiving end received by the time reversal antenna array enters an amplitude-phase extraction module through a radio frequency switch, amplitude and phase information of the guide signal is extracted, and a result is transmitted to a signal processing and control module of each stage of feed unit;
and step 3: the amplitude and phase information obtained by each level of amplitude and phase extraction module is sent to the control module through the signal processing and control module of the first level of feed unit for time reversal processing to obtain time reversal information of each level of feed unit and is transmitted back to the signal processing and control module of each level of feed unit;
and 4, step 4: the main control module controls each stage of feed unit to enter an energy transmission mode and generates an initial energy transmission signal to feed into the phase control module of the first stage of feed unit;
and 5: the signal processing and control module controls the phase control module according to the time reversal information, changes the phase of the initial energy transmission signal and transmits the initial energy transmission signal to the first power divider;
step 6: dividing the initial energy transmission signal after phase shifting into a first path of radio frequency signal and a second path of radio frequency signal through a first power divider; the first path of radio frequency signal is sent to a power detection module, and the second path of radio frequency signal is sent to an amplifier;
and 7: the power detection module detects the input power of the first path of radio frequency signal, transmits the power information of the current stage to the signal processing and control module, and finishes power detection; meanwhile, the power information of the current stage is fed back to the signal processing and control module of the previous stage;
and step 8: the signal processing and control module obtains the actual power of the initial energy transmission signal according to the power information of the current stage, calculates the gain required by the amplifier by combining with time reversal information, and controls the Buck circuit to output corresponding voltage according to the gain required by the amplifier so that the amplifier outputs an amplified radio frequency signal with the adjusted power;
and step 9: the second power divider receives the amplified radio frequency signal and divides the amplified radio frequency signal into a first path of amplified radio frequency signal and a second path of amplified radio frequency signal; the first path of amplified radio frequency signal is used as an energy transmission signal and is conducted to a receiving and transmitting antenna array element through a radio frequency switch, the energy transmission signal is radiated to a free space, and energy transmission is carried out on an energy receiving end; the second path of amplified radio frequency signal is sent to the next stage of feed unit as an initial energy transmission signal;
step 10: the signal processing and control module judges whether the amplified radio-frequency signal meets the actually required time reversal output power or not according to the power information fed back by the next stage; if not, adjusting the actual gain of the Buck output voltage control amplifier of the current stage until the output power requirement is met; if yes, the gain adjustment of the amplifier at the current stage is finished;
step 11: and (5) repeating the steps 5-10 at the next stage of feed unit until all the feed units finish the regulation and control of the phase and the output power of the energy transmission signal.
6. The energy transmission method according to claim 5, wherein the power of the first rf signal is 1/n +1 of the initial energy transmission signal, and the power of the second rf signal is n/n +1,n of the initial energy transmission signal, which has a value range of 9 to 200;
the power of the first path of amplified radio frequency signals is 1/m +1 of the amplified radio frequency signals, and the value range of the power of the second path of amplified radio frequency signals is 9-200 m/m +1,m of the amplified radio frequency signals.
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