CN113364009B - 一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法 - Google Patents

一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法 Download PDF

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CN113364009B
CN113364009B CN202110692204.6A CN202110692204A CN113364009B CN 113364009 B CN113364009 B CN 113364009B CN 202110692204 A CN202110692204 A CN 202110692204A CN 113364009 B CN113364009 B CN 113364009B
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鲍颜红
张金龙
罗峰
陈颖杰
任先成
徐伟
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Nari Technology Co Ltd
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法，用于电力系统调度中心次同步振荡风险判别和振荡源定位。基于各监测点电压、电流和三相瞬时功率间谐波频率关系以及相同频率间谐波支路和新能源汇集站数目判断次同步振荡频率分量，采用多种判据综合判断次同步振荡间谐波引发火电机组次同步振荡风险，基于次同步振荡间谐波的暂态能量流功率进行振荡源定位以及相关支路和新能源汇集站参与程度排序。本发明方法实现了在调度中心的次同步振荡风险准确判别，以及振荡源定位和相关新能源汇集站参与程度排序，为含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警提供了有效可靠方法。

Description

一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电力系统安全监测方法，尤其涉及一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法。
背景技术
以风电为代表的新能源发展迅猛，大规模风电并网系统引起的新型次同步振荡问题近几年已成为电力系统安全稳定运行的重要挑战之一，当电网产生次同步振荡时，有可能导致电能质量问题甚至危及系统的安全稳定运行。作为电力系统运行控制中枢的调度中心，因此及时发现并采取措施消除次同步振荡风险，对保障机组安全和电力系统稳定运行都非常重要。
为了监测新能源电力系统的次同步振荡现象，新能源汇集站多安装同步相量监测装置(Phasor Measurement Unit，PMU)，能够对测量线路的电压、电流原始采样数据进行分析，从而在线获取次/超同步信号，也可以安装专用的装置来实现此功能，最终所有的具备此功能的装置接入电力系统广域测量系统(Wide Area Measurement System，WAMS)，装置上送所监视线路的振荡频率、幅值信息从而实现在调度中心的次同步振荡广域监测。
目前调度中心的次同步振荡广域监测仅能实现新能源间谐波信号分析结果的展示，缺乏间谐波引发电力系统次同步振荡风险的准确预警。当系统中存在次同步振荡风险时，还需要实现振荡源定位和相关新能源汇集站参与程度排序，辅助调度运行人员进行控制决策。论文《利用暂态能量流的次同步强迫振荡扰动源定位及阻尼评估》(陈磊,王文婕,王茂海,等.电力系统自动化,2016,40(19):1-8.)提出的方法实现较为繁琐，用于次同步振荡扰动源在线实时定位存在一定困难。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的是提供一种能够在线实时定位含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡的监测方法。
技术方案：本发明的一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法，包括以下步骤：包括如下步骤：
(1)、基于PMU和其他专用装置上送调度中心WAMS系统的电网各支路和新能源汇集站间谐波监测分析信号，判断当前时刻电网中存在的次同步振荡频率分量；
所述的电网各支路和新能源汇集站间谐波监测分析信号包括频率范围在5-100Hz的电压间谐波和电流间谐波的频率、幅值和相角，以及频率范围在5-50Hz的三相瞬时功率间谐波的频率和幅值。
将电流间谐波频率ωii和电压间谐波频率ωui相同，与三相瞬时功率间谐波频率ωpi满足关系ωpi＝|50-ωii|，且有相同频率间谐波的支路和新能源汇集站数目大于预先设定的门槛值如下条件的间谐波判断为当前时刻电网中存在的次同步振荡频率分量。
(2)、识别次同步振荡间谐波的振荡路径：
在有间谐波监测分析信号的电网各支路和新能源汇集站中，选择三相瞬时功率间谐波幅值大于预先设定门槛值的支路和新能源汇集站，作为该三相瞬时功率间谐波频率对应的次同步振荡间谐波的振荡路径。
(3)、判断存在引发火电机组次同步振荡风险的次同步振荡间谐波，将满足如下所有条件的次同步振荡间谐波判断为存在引发火电机组次同步振荡风险并告警：
(a)次同步振荡间谐波频率与某一火电机组固有轴系扭振频率差值的绝对值小于频率差门槛值；
(b)次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径中支路和新能源汇集站与条件(a)中的火电机组最小电气距离小于电气距离门槛值；
(c)与火电机组最小电气距离的支路或新能源汇集站三相瞬时功率间谐波幅值大于功率幅值门槛值；
(d)满足条件(a)、(b)和(c)的持续时间大于时长门槛值且在该持续时间内次同步振荡间谐波频率波动幅度小于频率波动门槛值。(4)、对于存在引发火电机组次同步振荡风险的次同步振荡间谐波，进行振荡源定位，并进行相关支路和新能源汇集站的参与程度排序，根据参与程度进行预警。
步骤(4)中振荡源定位以及相关支路和新能源汇集站参与程度排序方法如下：
(41)、将次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径的电压、电流间谐波分量从频率为ωabc的abc坐标系转换到频率为ωdq，且满足ωdq＝|50-ωabc|的dq坐标系；
(42)、将次同步振荡间谐波的电压、电流分量代入下式，得到次同步振荡间谐波的暂态能量流功率：
E＝-0.5ω(AidAuq sin(αid-αuq)-AiqAud sin(αiq-αud))
式中，ω为次同步振荡间谐波dq轴分量的频率；Aid、αid分别为次同步振荡间谐波d轴电流的幅值、初相角；Aiq、αiq分别为次同步振荡间谐波q轴电流的幅值、初相角；Aud、αud分别为次同步振荡间谐波d轴电压的幅值、初相角；Auq、αuq分别为次同步振荡间谐波q轴电压的幅值、初相角；
(43)、对于次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径中的新能源汇集站，以其暂态能量流功率为参与因子；对于次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径中的各支路则以支路末端暂态能量流功率减去支路首端暂态能量流功率作为参与因子；将参与因子为正的各支路和新能源汇集站作为次同步振荡源，将多个次同步振荡源按参与因子大小进行排序，参与因子越大表示对电网稳定性影响程度越大/风险越大。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下显著优点：能够在调度中心进行次同步振荡风险准确判别，实现次同步振荡扰动源的在线和实时定位，判断结果准确性和可靠性高，为含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警提供了有效且可靠的方法，便于调度人员及时采取控制决策对系统中存在的风险进行干预处理，保证供电安全稳定。
附图说明
图1为本发明的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法，应用于电力系统调度中心次同步振荡风险判别和振荡源定位中。包括以下步骤：
(1)以PMU和其他专用装置上送调度中心WAMS系统的电网各支路和新能源汇集站频率范围在5-100Hz的电压间谐波和电流间谐波的频率、幅值和相角，以及频率范围在5-50Hz的三相瞬时功率间谐波的频率和幅值作为间谐波监测分析信号，并将电流间谐波频率ωii和电压间谐波频率ωui相同，与三相瞬时功率间谐波频率ωpi满足关系ωpi＝|50-ωii|且有相同频率间谐波的支路和新能源汇集站数目大于预先设定的门槛值的间谐波判断为当前时刻电网中存在的次同步振荡频率分量；
(2)在有间谐波监测分析信号的电网各支路和新能源汇集站中，选择三相瞬时功率间谐波幅值大于预先设定门槛值的支路和新能源汇集站，作为该三相瞬时功率间谐波频率对应的次同步振荡间谐波的振荡路径。
(3)将满足如下所有条件的次同步振荡间谐波认为存在引发火电机组次同步振荡风险并告警：
(a)次同步振荡间谐波频率与某一火电机组固有轴系扭振频率差值的绝对值小于频率差门槛值；
(b)次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径中支路和新能源汇集站与条件(a)中的火电机组最小电气距离小于电气距离门槛值；
(c)与火电机组最小电气距离的支路或新能源汇集站三相瞬时功率间谐波幅值大于功率幅值门槛值；
(d)满足条件(a)、(b)和(c)的持续时间大于时长门槛值且在该持续时间内次同步振荡间谐波频率波动幅度小于频率波动门槛值。各步骤中门槛值的设定根据实际电网特性分析和案例研究确定。
所述步骤(4)中振荡源定位以及相关支路和新能源汇集站参与程度排序方法如下：
(41)：将次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径的电压、电流间谐波分量从频率为ωabc的abc坐标系转换到频率为ωdq，且满足ωdq＝|50-ωabc|的dq坐标系；
(42)：将次同步振荡间谐波的电压、电流分量代入下式，得到次同步振荡间谐波的暂态能量流功率：
E＝-0.5ω(AidAuq sin(αid-αuq)-AiqAud sin(αiq-αud))
式中，ω为次同步振荡间谐波dq轴分量的频率；Aid、αid分别为次同步振荡间谐波d轴电流的幅值、初相角；Aiq、αiq分别为次同步振荡间谐波q轴电流的幅值、初相角；Aud、αud分别为次同步振荡间谐波d轴电压的幅值、初相角；Auq、αuq分别为次同步振荡间谐波q轴电压的幅值、初相角；
(43)：对于次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径中的新能源汇集站，以其暂态能量流功率为参与因子；对于次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径中的各支路则以支路末端暂态能量流功率减去支路首端暂态能量流功率作为参与因子；将参与因子为正的各支路和新能源汇集站作为次同步振荡源，将多个次同步振荡源按参与因子大小进行排序，参与因子越大表示对电网稳定性影响程度越大/风险越大。
根据电网中是否存在引发火电机组次同步振荡风险的间谐波以及振荡源排序进行相应的预警，使调度人员能够针对振荡源作及时处理，保证供能的安全稳定。

Claims (5)

1.一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)、基于PMU和其他专用装置上送调度中心WAMS系统的电网各支路和新能源汇集站间谐波监测分析信号，判断当前时刻电网中存在的次同步振荡频率分量；
(2)、识别次同步振荡间谐波的振荡路径；
(3)、判断存在引发火电机组次同步振荡风险的次同步振荡间谐波；
(4)、当电网中存在引发火电机组次同步振荡风险的次同步振荡间谐波时，向调度中心发出预警信号，并进行振荡源定位以及相关支路和新能源汇集站的参与程度排序；
所述步骤(4)中振荡源定位以及相关支路和新能源汇集站参与程度排序方法如下：
(41)、将次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径的电压、电流间谐波分量从频率为ωabc的abc坐标系转换到频率为ωdq，且满足ωdq＝|50-ωabc|的dq坐标系；
(42)、将次同步振荡间谐波的电压、电流分量代入下式，得到次同步振荡间谐波的暂态能量流功率：
E＝-0.5ω(AidAuqsin(αid-αuq)-AiqAudsin(αiq-αud))
式中，ω为次同步振荡间谐波dq轴分量的频率；Aid、αid分别为次同步振荡间谐波d轴电流的幅值、初相角；Aiq、αiq分别为次同步振荡间谐波q轴电流的幅值、初相角；Aud、αud分别为次同步振荡间谐波d轴电压的幅值、初相角；Auq、αuq分别为次同步振荡间谐波q轴电压的幅值、初相角；
(43)、对于次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径中的新能源汇集站，以其暂态能量流功率为参与因子；对于次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径中的各支路则以支路末端暂态能量流功率减去支路首端暂态能量流功率作为参与因子；将参与因子为正的各支路和新能源汇集站作为次同步振荡源，将多个次同步振荡源按参与因子大小进行排序。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中电网各支路和新能源汇集站间谐波监测分析信号，包括频率范围在5-100Hz的电压间谐波和电流间谐波的频率、幅值和相角，以及频率范围在5-50Hz的三相瞬时功率间谐波的频率和幅值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中将电流间谐波频率ωii和电压间谐波频率ωui相同，与三相瞬时功率间谐波频率ωpi满足关系ωpi＝|50-ωii|，且有相同频率间谐波的支路和新能源汇集站数目大于预先设定的门槛值如下条件的间谐波判断为当前时刻电网中存在的次同步振荡频率分量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中识别次同步振荡间谐波的振荡路径方法如下：
在有间谐波监测分析信号的电网各支路和新能源汇集站中，选择三相瞬时功率间谐波幅值大于预先设定门槛值的支路和新能源汇集站，作为该三相瞬时功率间谐波频率对应的次同步振荡间谐波的振荡路径。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种含大规模新能源电网次同步振荡广域监测和预警方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中将满足如下所有条件的次同步振荡间谐波认为存在引发火电机组次同步振荡风险并告警：
(a)次同步振荡间谐波频率与某一火电机组固有轴系扭振频率差值的绝对值小于频率差门槛值；
(b)次同步振荡间谐波振荡路径中支路和新能源汇集站与条件(a)中的火电机组最小电气距离小于电气距离门槛值；
(c)与火电机组最小电气距离的支路或新能源汇集站三相瞬时功率间谐波幅值大于功率幅值门槛值；
(d)满足条件(a)、(b)和(c)的持续时间大于时长门槛值且在该持续时间内次同步振荡间谐波频率波动幅度小于频率波动门槛值。
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