CN113363597A - Aqueous ion battery - Google Patents

Aqueous ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113363597A
CN113363597A CN202010144791.0A CN202010144791A CN113363597A CN 113363597 A CN113363597 A CN 113363597A CN 202010144791 A CN202010144791 A CN 202010144791A CN 113363597 A CN113363597 A CN 113363597A
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electrolyte
zinc
ion battery
electrode
aqueous ion
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许云鹏
温珍海
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Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter of CAS
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Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter of CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/20—Semi-lead accumulators, i.e. accumulators in which only one electrode contains lead
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/20—Semi-lead accumulators, i.e. accumulators in which only one electrode contains lead
    • H01M10/22—Selection of materials as electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0011—Sulfuric acid-based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses aqueous ion battery includes: a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material including lead dioxide; a negative electrode comprising a zinc negative electrode; an electrolyte comprising a positive electrolyte and a negative electrolyte; and a film system disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, separating the positive electrolyte from the negative electrolyte. The water system ion battery realizes high battery voltage output under the condition of water system electrolyte, and is simple in arrangement and environment-friendly. The aqueous ion battery has high energy density, power density and good safety.

Description

Aqueous ion battery
Technical Field
The application relates to a water system ion battery, and belongs to the field of batteries.
Background
With the continuous development of industrialization, the resources of traditional non-renewable energy materials such as petroleum, coal, natural gas and the like are gradually exhausted, and the combustion of the fossil fuels can generate a large amount of pollutants to destroy the ecological environment. Batteries have been widely used in notebook computers, mobile phones, electric bicycles, and even electric vehicles as an environmentally friendly energy storage method. The lead storage battery is used as a chargeable and dischargeable battery device, the anode of the lead storage battery adopts lead dioxide, the cathode of the lead storage battery is a lead plate, and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid. In recent years, lithium ion batteries have gradually replaced traditional lead-acid batteries due to their higher specific mass capacity. The reason for the low energy density of lead-acid batteries is mainly the high quality of lead element, and the discharge voltage plateau of the batteries is only about 1.5V, which is a large difference compared with lithium ion batteries (g.c. zguris. journal of Power Sources,1996,59, 131-. Although lithium ion batteries have higher energy density, their lower power density, susceptibility to temperature, and safety limit their application in more fields. Recently, water-based ion batteries have been favored by many researchers because of their characteristics such as higher power performance, stable performance, good safety, and low cost, and various new water-based ion batteries have been developed. Although there are many types of water-based batteries, the disadvantages of low discharge voltage plateau and low energy density still exist. Therefore, development of an aqueous battery having a high operating voltage and a high energy density is expected to be one of the future developments.
Disclosure of Invention
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided an aqueous ion battery having a high voltage window, a high power density, a high energy density, and good safety.
The aqueous ion battery is characterized by comprising:
a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material including lead dioxide;
a negative electrode comprising a zinc negative electrode;
an electrolyte comprising a positive electrolyte and a negative electrolyte; and
and the membrane system is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and separates the positive electrolyte from the negative electrolyte.
Optionally, the lead dioxide is nano-scale particles of 10-200 nm.
Optionally, the lead dioxide is alpha-type PbO2。
Optionally, the lead dioxide is prepared from metallic lead by anodic oxidation.
Optionally, the positive electrode electrolyte contains an inorganic acid.
Optionally, the positive electrode electrolyte contains a mixture of an inorganic acid and the electrolyte I.
Optionally, the positive electrolyte contains a mixture of an inorganic acid and the electrolyte I and a corresponding solid electrolyte.
In the present application, the term "solid electrolyte" refers to a composite of a polymer having high ionic conductivity and a metal salt, and the polymer having high ionic conductivity includes polymer materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, agar, and gelatin.
Optionally, the inorganic acid comprises sulfuric acid.
Optionally, the electrolyte I includes at least one of electrolytes capable of improving conductivity of the positive electrode electrolyte.
Optionally, the electrolyte I comprises at least one of a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt.
Optionally, the anion in the electrolyte I is the same as the acid radical ion in the inorganic acid.
Optionally, the electrolyte I is selected from at least one of zinc sulfate, sodium sulfate and lithium sulfate.
Optionally, the negative electrode electrolyte contains an inorganic base or an electrolyte II.
Optionally, the negative electrode electrolyte contains a mixture of an inorganic base and an electrolyte II.
Optionally, the negative electrode electrolyte contains a mixture of an inorganic base and an electrolyte II and a corresponding solid electrolyte.
Optionally, the inorganic base comprises zinc hydroxide or zinc oxide.
Optionally, the electrolyte II is selected from at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate and zinc acetate.
Optionally, the inorganic base further comprises at least one of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.
Optionally, the membrane system comprises at least one membrane.
Optionally, when the number of the membranes is larger than or equal to 2, an electrolyte III solution is filled between every two membranes.
Optionally, the membrane is selected from at least one of a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, a conductive ceramic ion membrane, and a proton exchange membrane.
Optionally, the electrolyte III is selected from at least one of potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, lithium sulfate.
Optionally, the negative electrode comprises elemental zinc, a zinc alloy electrode, a zinc-containing composite material electrode and a support material capable of electrochemically depositing and dissolving zinc.
Optionally, the zinc-containing composite electrode comprises porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon cloth, or the like, in combination with a zinc-containing material.
Optionally, the support material capable of electrochemically depositing dissolved zinc comprises porous carbon, carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, stainless steel mesh, copper mesh and the like.
Optionally, the discharge voltage plateau of the battery is maintained above 2.0V.
Optionally, the discharge voltage plateau of the battery is maintained above 2.6V.
According to another aspect of the present application, a novel aqueous lead dioxide-zinc battery having a high voltage window, high power density, high energy density, and good safety is provided.
The water system lead dioxide-zinc battery comprises the following components:
(1) a lead dioxide positive electrode;
(2) a zinc negative electrode;
(3) a positive electrode electrolyte;
(4) a negative electrode electrolyte;
(5) an ion exchange membrane system;
optionally, the lead dioxide positive electrode comprises a positive electrode loaded on a current collector of lead, titanium and the like, and the positive electrode is obtained by anode oxidation, electroplating or separate preparation and the like.
Optionally, the zinc negative electrode includes pure zinc such as a zinc sheet and a zinc rod and an alloy electrode thereof, or an electrode of a support material which can realize electrochemical deposition and dissolution of zinc or zinc oxide, a composite material or a mixture of the support material and a zinc-containing material such as elemental zinc, a zinc alloy, zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide, such as a porous carbon, a carbon nanotube, a carbon cloth, a stainless steel mesh and a copper mesh.
Optionally, the positive electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and its corresponding solid electrolyte.
Optionally, the negative electrolyte comprises an alkaline solution or salt solution in which a quantity of zinc hydroxide or zinc oxide is dissolved and its corresponding solid electrolyte.
Optionally, the ion exchange membrane system comprises a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, a conductive ceramic ion membrane, a proton exchange membrane, and other membrane systems capable of separating the positive electrode from the negative electrode electrolyte and realizing specific ion exchange, and an electrolyte filled between two or more membranes.
According to yet another aspect of the present application, there is provided a use of the aqueous-based ion battery in an electrochemical energy storage device.
The beneficial effects that this application can produce include:
1) the water-based ion battery provided by the application realizes high battery voltage output under the condition of water-based electrolyte.
2) The water system ion battery provided by the application has the advantages of simplicity, environmental protection, high energy density and power density of the battery, and good safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an aqueous ion battery C1#Schematic diagram of the structure of (1). In FIG. 1, 1 denotes a positive electrode electrolyte, 2 denotes a positive electrode material, 3 denotes an anion exchange membrane, and 4 denotes a saturated K2SO4Electrolyte solution, 5 denotes a cation exchange membrane, 6 denotes a negative electrode material, 7 denotes a negative electrode electrolyte solution, and 8 denotes a support mold.
FIG. 2 shows an aqueous ion battery C2#Schematic diagram of the structure of (1). In fig. 2, 1 'denotes a positive electrode electrolyte, 2' denotes a positive electrode material, 3 'denotes a nafion separator, 4' denotes a negative electrode material, 5 'denotes a negative electrode electrolyte, and 6' denotes a support mold.
FIG. 3 shows an aqueous ion battery C1#、C2#The X-ray diffraction spectrum of lead dioxide in the medium lead dioxide electrode.
FIG. 4 is a drawing showingAqueous ion battery C1#、C2#Scanning electron microscope images of lead dioxide in the medium lead dioxide electrode.
FIG. 5 shows an aqueous ion battery C1#、C2#And the constant current charge-discharge curve of the medium lead dioxide electrode with different current densities under a three-electrode system.
FIG. 6 shows an aqueous ion battery C1#And constant current charging and discharging curves of the medium battery device under different current densities.
FIG. 7 shows an aqueous ion battery C2#And constant current charging and discharging curves of the medium battery device under different current densities.
FIG. 8 shows an aqueous ion battery C1#Middle battery device at 20mA cm-2The specific capacity and coulombic efficiency variation graph of constant current charge-discharge circulation under the current density.
FIG. 9 shows an aqueous ion battery C1#And the medium battery device is a power-energy density graph obtained by calculation according to the discharge curve under different current densities and the specific capacity of the lead dioxide.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
The raw materials in the examples of the present application were all purchased commercially, unless otherwise specified.
The analysis method in the examples of the present application is as follows:
electrochemical performance analysis was performed using Chenghua electrochemical workstation E760. On the test instrument, the following program was set up: technical Selection → CP-Chronodotentometry → OK, Cathodic Current (A) → specifying discharge Current density, Anthodic Current (A) → specifying discharge Current density, High E Limit (V) → specifying maximum voltage, Low E Limit (V) → specifying minimum voltage, Number of selections → Number of cycles → OK.
The XRD pattern was carried out on a powder diffractometer model D8 (Cu Ka radiation, 40kV, 250mA, 10 °/min, 0.02 ° step size) from Bruker AXS, Germany.
Scanning electron micrographs were taken using FEI Quanta 200.
Example 1
Cutting 0.1 × 10 × 20mm lead sheet, and placing it in 4M H2SO4In the solution, a platinum sheet is taken as a counter electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is taken as a reference electrode, and the solution is circulated to an electrode with the specific capacity of more than 2mAh cm in a voltage range of 1.2-2.0V under the condition of a three-electrode system by 30mA current-2. An aqueous lead dioxide-zinc battery was assembled as shown in FIG. 1, in which the positive electrode material 2 was a prepared lead dioxide electrode and the positive electrode electrolyte 1 was 4M H2SO4The negative electrode material 6 is a 0.1X 10X 20mm zinc plate, and the negative electrode electrolyte 7 is saturated Zn (OH)26M KOH (Zn (OH) in 6M KOH solution)2Saturated) is reached, an anion exchange membrane (FAA-3-PK-130)3 is contacted with the positive electrolyte 1, a cation exchange membrane (CMI-7000)5 is contacted with the negative electrolyte 7, and saturated K is filled between the two exchange membranes2SO4And an electrolyte 4. The assembly of the device was performed by a supporting mold 8 (including organic glass, rubber gasket, screw, and nut), and the obtained aqueous ion battery was denoted as C1#。
Example 2
Cutting 0.1 × 10 × 20mm lead sheet, and placing it in 4M H2SO4In the solution, a platinum sheet is taken as a counter electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is taken as a reference electrode, and the solution is circulated to an electrode with the specific capacity of more than 2mAh cm in a voltage range of 1.2-2.0V under the condition of a three-electrode system by 30mA current-2. An aqueous lead dioxide-zinc battery was assembled as shown in FIG. 2, in which the positive electrode material 2 'was the prepared lead dioxide electrode and the positive electrode electrolyte 1' was 4M H2SO4The negative electrode material 4 'is a 0.1X 10X 20mm zinc plate, and the negative electrode electrolyte 5' is saturated Zn (OH)26M KOH (Zn (OH) in 6M KOH solution)2Saturated) in contact with both electrolytes is nafion117 proton exchange membrane 3'. The assembly of the device was performed by a supporting mold 6' (including organic glass, rubber gasket, screw, and nut), and the obtained aqueous ion battery was denoted as C2#。
Example 3 aqueous ion cell C1#、C2#Characterization of phase and morphology of lead dioxide in lead dioxide electrode
As shown in FIG. 3, an aqueous ion battery C1 prepared by anodic oxidation#、C2#The phase of the lead dioxide is PbO2The diffraction peak of the compound is consistent with the diffraction peak of JCPDS NO.41-1492 in a standard XRD card.
As shown in fig. 4, an aqueous ion battery C1 prepared by anodic oxidation#、C2#The lead dioxide is 10-200 nm nanoparticles.
Example 4 aqueous ion cell C1#、C2#Electrochemical performance test of
For aqueous ion battery C1#、C2#Constant current charge-discharge curve of the medium lead dioxide electrode under different current densities in a three-electrode system, constant current charge-discharge curve under different current densities and constant current charge-discharge curve under 30mA cm-2The specific capacity and the coulombic efficiency change of the constant-current charge-discharge cycle under the current density are measured, and the result shows that the discharge voltage platform of the water-system battery higher than 2.0V can be realized by the water-system ion battery provided by the application.
Aqueous ion battery C1#The constant current charging and discharging curve of the medium lead dioxide electrode with different current densities under a three-electrode system is characterized in that a platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, and the mass specific capacity of the medium lead dioxide electrode is about 87.44mAh g through calculation by a differential method-1. Aqueous ion battery C2#As a result, the aqueous ion battery C1#Is a typical representative and is shown in detail in fig. 5.
For water system ion battery C1#The typical constant current charge and discharge results at different current densities are shown in fig. 6, wherein fig. 6 is an aqueous ion battery C1#And constant current charging and discharging curves of the medium battery device under different current densities. As can be seen from fig. 6, the aqueous ion battery C1#The discharge voltage plateau of the medium water system battery can be kept above 2.0V.
For water system ion battery C2#The performance of (2) was tested, and the constant current charge and discharge results are shown in fig. 7, wherein fig. 7 shows an aqueous ion battery C2#And constant current charging and discharging curves of the medium battery device under different current densities. As can be seen from fig. 7, the aqueous ion battery C2#The discharge voltage plateau of the aqueous battery in (1) can be maintained at 2.0V or more.
For water system ion battery C1#Is tested, typically at 10mAcm-2The specific capacity and coulombic efficiency changes of the constant current charge-discharge cycle at the current density of (a) are shown in fig. 8, wherein fig. 8 is an aqueous ion battery C1#Medium cell device at 20mAcm-2The constant current charge-discharge cycle specific capacity and coulombic efficiency change diagram under the current density. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the specific capacity of the battery can be maintained at 2mAh cm after 600 cycles-2Above that, the coulombic efficiency can be kept above 90%.
For water system ion battery C1#The specific formula is (Energy density is discharge platform voltage x discharge specific capacity, power density is discharge voltage platform x current density, Huilin Pan, Yuyan, Jun Liu, et al. nature Energy,2016,1(5), 16039-. FIG. 9 shows an aqueous ion battery C1#And the medium battery device is a power-energy density graph obtained by calculation according to the discharge curve under different current densities and the specific capacity of the lead dioxide. As can be seen from fig. 9, the aqueous ion battery C1#The aqueous battery of (2) is 570.53W kg-1Has a power density of 252.39Wh kg-1The energy density of (2) is 4426.52W kg-1Still 154.77Wh kg at high power density-1The energy density of (1). Aqueous ion battery C2#Test results of (2) and water-based ion battery C1#Similarly.
Although the present application has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An aqueous ion battery, comprising:
a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material including lead dioxide;
a negative electrode comprising a zinc negative electrode;
an electrolyte comprising a positive electrolyte and a negative electrolyte; and
and the membrane system is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and separates the positive electrolyte from the negative electrolyte.
2. The aqueous ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the lead dioxide is a nano-sized particle of 10 to 200 nm.
3. The aqueous ion battery of claim 1, wherein the lead dioxide is prepared from metallic lead by anodic oxidation.
4. The aqueous ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode electrolyte contains an inorganic acid; or the positive electrolyte contains a mixture of inorganic acid and electrolyte I and a corresponding solid electrolyte;
the inorganic acid comprises sulfuric acid;
the anion in the electrolyte I is the same as the acid radical ion in the inorganic acid;
preferably, the electrolyte I is at least one selected from zinc sulfate, sodium sulfate and lithium sulfate.
5. The aqueous ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode electrolyte solution contains an inorganic base or an electrolyte II; or the negative electrode electrolyte contains a mixture of inorganic alkali and electrolyte II and a corresponding solid electrolyte;
the inorganic base comprises zinc hydroxide or zinc oxide;
preferably, the electrolyte II is at least one selected from zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate and zinc acetate.
6. The aqueous ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the inorganic base further comprises at least one of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.
7. The aqueous ion battery of claim 1, wherein the membrane system comprises at least one separator;
when the number of the diaphragms is more than or equal to 2, electrolyte III solution is filled between every two diaphragms;
the diaphragm is selected from at least one of a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, a conductive ceramic ion diaphragm and a proton exchange membrane;
preferably, the electrolyte III is selected from at least one of potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate and lithium sulfate.
8. The aqueous ion battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises elemental zinc, a zinc alloy electrode, a zinc-containing composite electrode, and a support material that can electrochemically deposit dissolved zinc;
the zinc-containing composite material electrode comprises materials combined with a zinc-containing material, such as porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon cloth and the like.
The support material capable of electrochemically depositing and dissolving zinc comprises porous carbon, carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, stainless steel mesh, copper mesh and other materials.
9. The aqueous ion battery of claim 1, wherein the discharge voltage plateau of the battery is maintained at 2.0V or more;
preferably, the discharge voltage plateau of the battery is maintained above 2.6V.
10. Use of an aqueous ion battery according to any of claims 1 to 9 in an energy storage device.
CN202010144791.0A 2020-03-04 2020-03-04 Aqueous ion battery Pending CN113363597A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115548471A (en) * 2022-11-10 2022-12-30 吉林大学 Water system zinc-carbon double-ion battery with wide potential window

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102055026A (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-11 约翰·E·斯托弗 Lead-zinc battery
CN103928716A (en) * 2013-01-15 2014-07-16 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Lead-acid battery with coexisting acid, alkali and salt electrolyte solutions
CN105140575A (en) * 2015-08-14 2015-12-09 周飞 High voltage battery containing aqueous electrolyte
CN105390754A (en) * 2015-12-29 2016-03-09 汤恭年 Acidic lead-zinc storage battery
US20190036147A1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-01-31 Nanjing Tech University Hybrid aqueous rechargeable battery

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102055026A (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-11 约翰·E·斯托弗 Lead-zinc battery
CN103928716A (en) * 2013-01-15 2014-07-16 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Lead-acid battery with coexisting acid, alkali and salt electrolyte solutions
CN105140575A (en) * 2015-08-14 2015-12-09 周飞 High voltage battery containing aqueous electrolyte
CN105390754A (en) * 2015-12-29 2016-03-09 汤恭年 Acidic lead-zinc storage battery
US20190036147A1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-01-31 Nanjing Tech University Hybrid aqueous rechargeable battery
CN109309244A (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-02-05 南京工业大学 Hybrid water-based rechargeable battery

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115548471A (en) * 2022-11-10 2022-12-30 吉林大学 Water system zinc-carbon double-ion battery with wide potential window

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