CN1133618A - Method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a magnetic wiping device for electroplated metallurgical prooducts - Google Patents
Method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a magnetic wiping device for electroplated metallurgical prooducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN1133618A CN1133618A CN94193846.8A CN94193846A CN1133618A CN 1133618 A CN1133618 A CN 1133618A CN 94193846 A CN94193846 A CN 94193846A CN 1133618 A CN1133618 A CN 1133618A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
- C23C2/24—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness using magnetic or electric fields
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Abstract
A method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a device for magnetically wiping electroplated metallurgical products, particularly applicable to a continuous electroplating method. The method uses a wiping device which is preferably an inductive element arranged about an outlet channel of the enclosure in order to generate a transversal alternating sliding electromagnetic field at the surface of said products. Said method is characterised in that it comprises mainly on the basis of transversal dimensions and axial length of said enclosure, the dynamic viscosity and pressure of the coating fluid within the enclosure, the transversal dimensions of said outlet channel, the liquid, and a parameter representative of the electromagnetic field in said liquid, and a parameter representative of the roughness, if any, of said metallurgical products, calculating or controlling the conditions in which the Couette lengths respectively associated with the flow of the coating fluid.......
Description
The present invention relates to determine to be equipped with magnetic and smear the method for dimension of tank of the device of the metallurgic product of wanting zinc coating, particularly be used in the scope of continuous zinc coating method.
Study the development of the total control of known mass force (mainly being weight) and frictional force (viscosity is to the influence of surface property) from the hydrokinetics of classics near the quantity of reflux of the liquid coating on coated metallurgic product surface.
Under the certain reaction condition, (can not consider thereafter),, controlled the final thickness that is deposited on the metallurgic product largely in development near the regional quantity of reflux of described product according to theme of the present invention.
In this respect, set up in the past that laminar flow seemingly meets the requirements, this be with regard to it allow people with common frictional belt trial and error method by simple known law the physical quantity of feature, the relative velocity distribution on the surface of metallurgic product just, metallurgic product itself moves with fixed speed, the dynamic viscosity of applying liquid, its density and the surface tension between metallurgic product and described liquid (wettability parameter) connect.Then with when metallurgic product is extracted out from liquid bath, the thickness of liquid film control deposit thickness that metallurgic product is taken away, useful in this case trial and error method is that the method that Landau and Levitch set up in the report of " dragging liquid with movable plate " (is rolled up referring to USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) " Acta Physicochimica " 17, No.1-2.1942).
Under ideal laminar flow situation, usually too big to the resulting coat-thickness of zinc-plated application that requires: why Here it is has imagined multiple spread form, just propose to reduce the method for deposit thickness, the suggestion of being done mainly is to pneumatic paint-on technique (the metallurgic product free surface of drawing from liquid bath produces the effect of the air blade of back pressure), mechanical paint-on technique (wiping the roller effect of metallurgic product with asbestos pad) and magnetic paint-on technique.The invention belongs to last class.
Current existing multiple magnetic application device.A kind of technology in this back proposes to use lorentz's force (Loreng force), by magnetic field (immobilized or variation, fixed or slip), this magnetic field at described liquid (when zinc, copper or the aluminium, clearly be conductor) in produce by induced current, lorentz's force grows up in applying liquid by the relative movement in described liquid and magnetic field.Under the various situations that are discussed below, suppose Lorentz force and liquid to be flowed effective mass force and viscosity relative, therefore they are enough strong certainly, can revise the velocity distribution on close metallurgic product surface.Therefore can understand that by magnetic field it can work to the thickness in frictional belt, these effects are:
---in the applying liquid groove, before metallurgic product left, the action of a magnetic field directly reached balance inertial force, mainly reduced action of gravity;
---in the liquid pool outside, the action of a magnetic field is only felt on the liquid film of winding.
In this respect, by these known technologies of the company's name that develops these technology, just as ASEA, ARBEP, AUSTRALIAN WIRE and LYSAGHT, representative enforcement comprises the example of the method for nearly all technology that current this respect uses.For example, in the French Patent FR-2412109 that grants AUSTRALIAN WIRE IND PROPRIETARY, recommend to use fixed single-phase electricity magnetic field, that is to say, a non-slip magnetic field, the user can change its intensity or frequency so that adjust deposit thickness.At similar device shown in the French Patent FR2410247 that grants JOHN LYSAGHT AUSRALIA company, but used different of its geometrical dimension and top patent, outside, the magnetic field pulse frequency preferably is located at about 30KHz.Belgian patent BE882069 illustrated before the ARBED technology, in others, a slip electromagnetic field is used in design, it acts on the excessive liquid metal of being taken away by the metal sheet that leaves coating bath.At the French Patent DE2023900 of ASEA, all possibilities (standing field of portraitlandscape, alternation or slip magnetic field) of smearing the coating bath outside are shown at last.
The contriver knows that the effect in magnetic field is just responsive, is may command effectively on therefore, therefore because pure hydrodynamic phenomenon is not covered the effect of the magnetic source of looking for.Can be clear that this viewpoint does not relate in any prior art that magnetic is smeared, therefore the problem that proposes in the application is fully new.
Say that more specifically relate in the existing patent that magnetic smears at all, the golden product of controlling that apply vertically passes the coating bath that free surface is a level, therefore, so just can not cover the liquid of overflowing by coating bath.But new restriction causes studying the magnetic paint-on technique measure of continuous zinc coating device in surface treatment industry, as described in the French Patent FR2647814 that grants FRANCE GALVA LOR-RINE being horizontally disposed device; By English Patent GB-A-777213, reach other device that covers known same-type among the patent US-A-2834692.Should remember that zinc bath has the import and export of aliging with the path of product to be processed in this class device, the last liquid level in applying liquid pond is higher than described opening, therefore will establish tightness system, compensates to cause that described liquid flows out the hydrostatic pressure of coating bath.In this respect, it is contemplated that to be used for this class that magnetic smears continuously or the magnetic strength of alternation,, can keep off the liquid in coating bath at least in part by same physical mechanism.
Because in principle the standing field of an alternation relative with slip magnetic field do not develop any in applying liquid the power of tool rotational characteristic, the lorentz's force (to this magnetic field) that is strong enough to the mass force of compensation coating bath can only produce in high frequency and/or the high-intensity magnetic field very much; First aspect it cause case depth (degree of depth in the liquid conductor is infiltrated in magnetic field) too little and can not keep applying liquid near the metallurgic product place, and second aspect causes the more expensive and oversize of device.Therefore, in fact the tightness system of the magnetic application device of the standing field with alternation as horizontal coating bath used in repulsion.
On the other hand, can know that the metallurgic product that only can handle with known magnetic application device is very slick.Now in practice, the inventor has paid attention to the major portion that worked by the product surface roughness of handling, significantly under near the invalid situation of (generally acceptable) trial and error method of the applying liquid laminar flow characteristics on surface.In this respect, occur local in hydrokinetics turbulent flow phenomenon, the roughness that can know treating product is the most relevant, because applying liquid is arranged in the space of restriction---this is always at the gap of the electromagnetic system that produces the inductance that the development Lorentz force is needed or the middle part of coil, particularly in liquid.
Can observe, relevant with the suggestion of front, the lateral dimension of the coating bath of qualification and length are seen from the hydrokinetics viewpoint and are not unessential.Even like this, in the zone of transition between sleeve and tightness system and/or the magnetic application device and the lateral dimension and the length that produce the exit passageway of the magnetic strength seal in fact when the amount of determining settled layer and thickness, play significant feature, obtain-a little conditions in addition with the situation of former plating smooth product under some tendency contradictions of obtaining.
From these different evaluations, the objective of the invention is to
---the outstanding new problem that relevant providing-bonded sealing and horizontal magnetic application device are provided with current zincincation that solves;
---provide the technological method of various reality to the correct problem of determining the size (special in the geometrical dimension of wanting treating product) of magnetic application device, these technical measures also can be used for vertical coating bath;
---the basic coarse products (for example concrete reinforcing steel bar) that prediction can't be accomplished so far goes up the sedimentary thickness of coating.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method of definite dimension of tank, the outlet side of described coating bath after metallurgic product applies liquid pool in by coating bath is provided with at least one tightness system and/or application device, described device is a sensing unit that is located at this termination preferably, around the exit passageway of coating bath so that produce a traversed by at described product surface, that change and slide electromagnetic field, it is characterized in that comprising main lateral dimension from described coating bath, its length, the lateral cross section of described product, its speed, the dynamic viscosity of described applying liquid, the lateral dimension of its pressure coating bath exit passageway in groove, the velocity of displacement of slip electromagnetic field, its intensity in described liquid, and be represent the parameter of the possible roughness of metallurgic product to calculate and revise at last, its condition are to flow corresponding storehouse length with the liquid of applying liquid in coating bath and in the exit passageway to keep below and can make the described mobile turbulent threshold value that becomes under this condition.
Should remember that it is incompressible and the flowing of densify fluid characteristic that Ku Shi flows, this fluid can a kind of conductor of yes or no, suppose between the unlimited parallel flat board at two, one of them is relative to parallel moving itself, the purpose of Ku Shi hydrokinetics calculation is used for building the parameter of control flowing velocity distribution between main two flat boards, and difficulty is to be subjected to the interference of the roughness on the surface that contacts with liquid; Relate to flowing under shearing.
In order to solve the complex flow problem in admissible mode, the similar principle that is used in Classical Fluid Mechanics shows that the Ku Shi model may be used on solution and moves in annular space, and its heart portion is motion with the fixed speed of supposition, axisymmetric liquid-flow problem.Therefore this model can be used:
---be used on the one hand to calculate interior vertical wall of cylindrical coating bath and axial motion by the velocity of flow of the applying liquid between the metallurgic product of coating bath distribution and
---be used to calculate distribution on the other hand in the velocity of flow of the inwall of the exit passageway of coating bath and the applying liquid between the described product.
Have realized that according to the present invention these two liquid streams (process is a successive) have stronger influence to the thickness of boundary layer of doing of laminar flow or turbulent flow, preferably their are considered so that calculate when metallurgic product when the free surface of liquid cell is emerged from coating bath horizontal or vertically the thickness of the liquid film of metallurgic product winding.
Generally, keep below a ultimate value to the laminar flow of the liquid stream of exit passageway or the thickness of turbulent boundary layer, surpass this value and no longer may control its increment in the coating bath import.This effect is directed to this fact: according to the result that MHD theory draws, magnetic field is more faster than the decay of vorticity in liquid conductor; Because vorticity (being also referred to as eddy current phasor) is directly represented the turbulent flow of liquid stream, can understand that its influence has to be limited to the coating liquid tagma of wishing to have one or more Lorentz magnetive attractions.Therefore, under preferable situation, the Ku Shi length of liquid stream is known in coating bath and in the exit passageway, and may command, determine that the size of the tightness system of coating bath and/or application device can be with the non-number of sizes of using usually in magnetic current power kinetics, just magnetic needs the promise number, interference parameter, the Hartmann number reaches two parameters of getting in touch with the geometrical dimension of the alternating magnetic field that selects the slip that produces one or more Lorentz magnetive attractions in liquid stream inside, represents.
In this respect, the technological method among the present invention at first points to dimension of tank and reduces, and correspondingly the speed of the lateral dimension of coating bath and product must keep the Ku Shi hydrodynamic length less than liquid stream.In addition, this rule not with the condition contradiction of in the French Patent FR2323772 that grants Jose DELOT, determining; In fact in this patent, given prominence to and used the coating bath of weak point to be enough to obtain this fact of metallurgical reaction suitable between metallurgic product to be processed and applying liquid with low capacity, because want galvanized product to clear up, heating and remaining in the controlled atmosphere in the coating bath upstream at least.
On the other hand, the suitable dimension of coating bath and exit passageway thereof makes the condition that it may stop turbulent flow to occur basically, and is approaching with the common laminar flow of the products export place existence of processing during vertical coating bath is provided with at the liquid stream of coating bath exit region; This means simply that slip magnetic field lorentz's force of per unit volume development in liquid bath by alternation in fact plays with gravity and similarly acts on.By in order to develop lorentz's force, " the gravity hypothesis " that is located at the Lorentz force that the sensing unit around the exit passageway of coating bath develops in coating bath allows to consider the shape of the meniscus that forms between the free surface of liquid pool and the metallurgic product extracted out from liquid pool, almost completely controlled the thickness of sedimentary coating on metallurgic product.Therefore, under the stringent condition that the present invention sets, deposit thickness will be drawn by the formula with the used all fours of the Landau hydrodinamical model that relates to above.
Also should note,---if this part corresponding short Ku Shi length this point of hope maintenance and coating bath is requirement---and the sensing unit district in generation slip magnetic field are long if the import of the more close coating bath of meniscus is to the passage of outlet, still can take the thickness of useful effect minimizing at the liquid film of described meniscus formation.In this respect, should remember in principle since in coating bath the winding effect mass force that waits static pressure and metallurgic product of liquid pool will be before meniscus face balance; Therefore, in the meniscus back, the lorentz's force of unit volume only acts on the liquid film that is bonded on the metallurgic product, and tends to make described liquid film thinner, thereby formation " real " magnetic is smeared (that is to say that all considerations that relate to sealing have all been removed).Therefore, the magnetic of passing through in the outlet of coating bath is smeared at least in the meniscus downstream similar with the known research that malleation liquid flow (because malleation that the gravity hypothesis is remained valid) attenuation with " free surface " is carried out.
At last, determine the particularly advantageous characteristics of size, know that the roughness of the metallurgic product of processing has influence to the characteristic of liquid stream according to the present invention, therefore influential to the thickness of sedimentary coating when leaving coating bath.Preferably used model is the Karmann-Nikuradze model.The hydrokinetics specialty this model of extensive experimentation people can be especially be known according to the roughness of product and the used frictional coefficient of Reynolds number of liquid stream from nomographic oblique line.More generally, to consider that to accurately understanding liquid stream hydrokinetics is called " surface effects law " (being proportional to the loss of transfer pressure), even in addition under the situation of smooth metallurgic product, because as seen as following, the influence of surface effects law certain degree ground is at the direct approaching liquid fluidity energy that applies metallurgic product.
The following describes the example of determining a horizontal dimension of tank, this groove is provided with exit passageway, the sensing unit of the AC magnetic field that generation is slided vertically is arranged on around this exit passageway, this coating bath is used for handling smooth lead or more specifically as the thick circular section of concrete reinforcing steel bar, below by description of drawings limiting examples of the present invention, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is coating bath, its exit passageway, the longitudinal sectional drawing of the reinforcing bar of sensing unit and processing;
Fig. 2 is a graphic representation, the thickness and its function of speed relation by coating bath that are deposited on zinc on the concrete reinforcing steel bar with certain thickness and diameter are shown on the one hand, the length inside the exit passageway that fused zinc infiltrates described coating bath is shown on the other hand.
Have two holes at zinc bath shown in Figure 11, an inlet hole 2 and an outlet opening 3, they align with the track of wanting galvanized metallurgic product 4 to pass; Shown in example in, this product 4 is a slick steel wire or concrete reinforcing steel bar, groove is regularly more or less distributing on its surface.This zinc bath 1 is a horizontal positioned, be located at the downstream of the heating unit of one group of cleaning plant and for example induction heating, and in the downstream of carrying out the refrigerative refrigerating unit by for example water, fuzzy in order not make the zinc-plated and plating that will illustrate smear device here, pre-treatment and post-processing unit that these are classical are not shown.
Zinc bath 1 splendid attire is used for the liquid bath of plated product, preferably contains the molten metal or the alloy (so liquid bath can contain the lead of low levels etc.) of zinc, copper, aluminium and their alloy commonly used.Because level arrangement, the import 2 of coating bath 1 and outlet opening 3 must be provided with tightness system and prevent that liquid from flowing out from flow hole 2,3; Shown in situation under, metallurgic product 4 is columniform, select to use heterogeneous magneticfield coil 5,6, coil is arranged to respectively import and the exit passageway 7,8 around coating bath 1, so that in the mode of linear synchronous motor, the liquid conduction product of the described import and export passage 7,8 of tendency outflow is applied the back pressure of a magnetic; Passage 7,8 lateral dimension is calculated to be diameter, its relative magnetic permeability (steel is sayed at 20 these orders of magnitude) of metallurgic product 4, and at sensing unit 5, the function of the intensity in the slip magnetic field that electric current produces in 6 the coil promptly, in vertical annular space of product separation 4 and passage 7.8 inwalls, magnetic line of force is vertical with the axial displacement of product 4 basically.Handling noncircular cross section (as flat board, bar or other section) cylindrical products the time, people also manage to produce the slip magnetic field with this geometricdrawing corresponding annular space traversed by, and the shape that they make magnetic field become requirement under the help of magnetic sheet or fan just can realize above-mentioned requirements.In addition, because people satisfy the slip magnetic field that produces low frequency usually, typically be lower than 100 hertz, be preferably 50 hertz, it is lower that the magnetic loss of for example bringing in magnetic sheet keeps.
Known zinc-plate process requires liquid plated product is infeeded in the coating bath 1 continuously, compensation has been deposited on the coated product on the metallurgic product 4 that passes plated product, if liquid feeding channel 9 (shown in situation under be vertical) liquid coated product source of supply and coating bath 1 are coupled together, make because the hydrokinetic disorder that this feed causes is as far as possible little, according to favourable characteristics of the present invention, the mouths of middle part as described liquid feeding channel 9 are selected in two of coating bath 1 import and export 7,8 relatively.Also be provided with a balance channel 10 on coating bath 1, vertically be located at medium position, for example with the position corresponding of liquid feeding channel 9, liquid plated product can charge into wherein and highly make the operator can accurately understand the static pressure that waits in the coating bath to one.In addition, the free surface of the tank liquor post in balance channel 10 contacts with shielding gas usually, and under the situation that rises, the pressure of shielding gas can change by common pressure assembly.Like this, whole galvanizing rig preferably remains under the atmosphere of control, and for those skilled in the art, owing to metallurgical reason, this atmosphere is neutral or reductibility a little preferably.
On the other hand, as mentioned above, are convergence pipes in the middle region of coating bath 1 and the zone of transition 11 between the exit passageway 7, the danger of the turbulent flow of the liquid product of this part that it can restricted passage coating bath 1.
According to the present invention, the problem of at first mentioning is to determine the size of exit polyphase induction coil 6, makes sealing function can exist in the outlet opening 3 of coating bath 1, determines the feasible smear effect that can obtain requiring of other all parameters of device then.This two aspect of the present invention is discussed below.
1. sealing problem:
Handle sealing problem, require to understand the total hydraulic pressure that adds on the balance meniscus (or free surface) to plating liquid in the exit passageway 8 of coating bath 1 as mentioned above, understands total pressure and allow to calculate the lorentz's force (according to above-mentioned principle) that free surface to maintenance plating liquid leaves the certain necessary unit volume of level of the exit passageway 8 of coating bath 1 then.
Owing to compare with the lateral dimension of metallurgic product 4 to be processed, the lateral dimension of coating bath 1 is not too important usually, need be processed into the liquid stream in the coating bath 1 the axisymmetric Ku Shi stream (Couette flow) in the annular space between the inwall that is located at product 4 and coating bath 1.The moving phase that the rule of using like these question marks is shown annular flow and is spaced from each other the same liquid between two flat boards of the distance that is four times in annular space be like (will illustrate below this point), and wherein plate moves with the translational speed of the metallurgic product by coating bath 1 definitely.
Certainly, also must carry out mimic Ku Shi and calculate (Couette calculatiow) enters the coating bath 1 of applying liquid with understanding the physical flow state of exit passageway 8.
1.1。In order to seal the calculating of the total pressure that coating bath will compensate:
Total pressure is the summation of following dividing potential drop:
The centre portions of coating bath 1 etc. quiet dividing potential drop P (iso } this value can draw by Archimedes's formula of classics, just by the density of liquid (fused zinc), because gravity and in the wall of coating bath 1 and product between the acceleration that causes of the height of liquid calculate; At 450 °, the height of zinc is the fluid column of 2cm for fused zinc, and this first partial pressure value is 1350Pa (or general unit is 135 millibars).Should note liquid supply pressure and total pressure equilibrium that causes with the height of zinc liquid in balance channel 10 of the coating bath 1 by liquid feeding channel 9.
---from the dividing potential drop of upstream seal device (just being contained in polyphase induction coil 5) around the intake vent 7 of coating bath 1; Suppose this pressure just with the balance of shaking force (this point all is correct in all cases) at inlet hole 2 places because this downstream pressure in fact influences the height that applies fluid column in balance channel 10.
---the metallurgic product 4 that is passed the middle part of coating bath 1 owing to applying liquid drives the dividing potential drop Pc that causes.
---the metallurgic product 4 that is passed the exit passageway of coating bath 1 owing to applying liquid drives the dividing potential drop Pi that causes.
According to the present invention, drive similarly Ku Shi stream (Couette flow) calculating of these two dividing potential drops that causes owing to metallurgic product, consider the length of coating bath 1 middle region, infiltrate the length of the exit passageway 8 of zinc, at the load loss of the middle region and the unit length in the exit passageway 8 of coating bath 1.
A. the length of the coating bath 1 of Shi Yonging:
Select the length of coating bath influential: laminar flow, a little slightly turbulent flows or turbulent to the performance of the liquid flow of close metallurgic product 4.Calculating comprises the coating bath length of selection and modification afterwards, and it is less than the critical Ku Shi length (Couette lengfh) in the coating bath 1.According to the geometrical shape of illustrated coating bath 1, it is with respect to middle part liquid infeed area symmetry, and the length of in fact using in calculating is half long Lc of coating bath, is taken as 25cm here.
B. at the load loss of the unit length of the middle region of coating bath:
The load loss of per unit length is got in touch with the frictional force of per surface traditionally.Under the situation of considering axisymmetric coating bath, this concerns that simple table reaches the hydraulic diameter of annular space between metallurgic product 4 and coating bath 1 inwall, the density of applying liquid, flow velocity square and the function of load loss coefficient, this load loss coefficient itself with depend on surfaceness and be directly proportional as total frictional coefficient near the Reynolds number (just final relevant) of the liquid stream characteristics of metallurgic product 4 with the surface effects law.
B1. the hydraulic diameter of in calculating, using:
Make the operator can calculate the hydraulic diameter of in calculate the circular channel, using easily to the pure hydraulic pressure analysis of the velocity distribution of the Ku Shi liquid of the turbulent flow between two flat boards stream and equal four times of annular spacing.Should note supposing liquid stream be turbulent flow because to showing that near the proximate calculating of hydraulic pressure Reynolds number liquid-flow state is turbulent really with the mobile metallurgic product 4 of quite high speed (Vb=1m/s just).
Typically, coating bath 1 almost is columniform from the beginning to the end, and its diameter Tc almost is a constant, is taken as in the calculated examples below to equal 40mm.
The diameter of the metallurgic product of handling in groove 4 is taken as 10mm, like this annular space e.Equal 15mm, at the hydraulic diameter D of the middle region of coating bath 1
hE is 60mm.
B2. surface effects law:
In the circular channel with certain roughness of setting up liquid stream, its Reynolds number is known, also known load loss factor and total frictional coefficient C
FBe directly proportional, this coefficient can be obtained by formula or Kerman-NiKuradze nomographic chart; These formula are effective equally to whole smooth surface.
---hydraulic pressure reynolds number Re c is calculated to be hydraulic diameter D
hC, flow velocity V
b(it is maximum to average flow stream velocity) reaches the function in the kinematic viscosity of temperature (450 ° the grade) zinc of considering.Find R
Ec=120,000 means that liquid stream is turbulent a little.
---the even roughness degree of the equivalence on the surface of metallurgic product 4 is taken as the concrete reinforcing steel bar of 10mm diameter and equals 0.35mm.
---obtain total frictional coefficient C from the Ksrman-NiKuradze nomographic chart
FC=0.0083, it can be used for calculating the load loss coefficient of the central region of coating bath 1.
C. owing to coating bath central region metallurgic product drives the dividing potential drop that causes:
Half Lc that this dividing potential drop Pc equals coating bath length multiply by precalculated load loss coefficient.This value is Pc=190Pa (or 19 millibars).
D. owing to metallurgic product in the part of the exit passageway 8 of the coating bath that infiltrates zinc drives the dividing potential drop that causes:
This dividing potential drop Pi equals the load loss coefficient that the length L i of zinc in passage 8 multiply by the liquid stream in the flow channel 8.
The principle of calculating this back coefficient is the same with the loss factor of the middle region load of top calculating coating bath 1, and the numerical value that unique not coexisting added in calculating is different.
In this respect, calculating hydraulic pressure reynolds number Re i is the hydraulic diameter D of the circular channel between the inwall of metallurgic product 4 and exit passageway 8
HiFunction, the diameter Tf of passage 8 equals 16mm, obtains annular space ei and equals 3mm, so D
HiEqual 12mm.Under these conditions, the value of Rei is about 24000.
Because the even roughness degree of the equivalence on metallurgic product 4 surfaces remains same certainly, Karmm-Nikuradze nomographic chart ball gets total frictional coefficient C
Fc=0.0146.
Because Li is unknown in advance, the operator calculates the pressure gradient that the metallurgic product in exit passageway 8 drives earlier, and it equals 12900Pa/m, writes the pressure equilibrium at the flexure plane place of the outlet of leaving coating bath then.
1.2, calculate the desired lorentz's force of slow-action that in coating bath 1, keeps zinc:
The magnetic pressure Pm balance of the unit volume that the horizontal slip magnetic field that the summation of the pressure of calculated in advance (Piso+Pc+Pi just) must be produced by the polyphase induction coil 6 in the outlet of coating bath 1 produces in zinc liquid.
Known magnetic pressure Pm equals the electric conductivity of zinc when the temperature of considering, effective inductance Beff square, the action of a magnetic field length L i, and consider the product of coefficient Vm of the geometrical shape of ruhmkorff coil 6.If selected one polar half-section is apart from being 7cm, magnet excitation frequency is 50Hz,---these two values provide axial displacement speed for slip magnetic field, are sometimes referred to as draw rate---effective inductance B
ErfSelected equal 0.07 Tai Sile, the magnetic pressure gradient that keeps the slow-action of zinc to need in coating bath is 87000N/m
3
But computational length Li then, this value of susceptible of proof is lower than Ku Shi length (Couettelengfh).At said circumstances, draw Li=2.1cm, this expression zinc only infiltrates in the exit passageway 8 among a small circle, because equal 28cm by polar half-section apart from the length of the ruhmkorff coil 6 that draws.
In general, always arrange plating liquid not infiltrate half above ruhmkorff coil 6.Length, condition can satisfy simply:
---or by the magnet excitation frequency of adjusting the alternating-current that produces effective inductance Berf,
---or adjust the intensity of alternating-current.
2, smear problem:
The thickness that is deposited on the metallurgic product 4 calculates with two stages usually,
---in the zone of the exit passageway 8 that infiltrates zinc (or in length l
iOn), per unit magnetic source volume V
mPower can compare with gravity; Therefore can accept the result that draws from Sandan and Lev-itch pattern, can be used on the zone of exit passageway 8, and Landau and Lev-itch model to be development come out for the thickness of the flat board drive of knowing vertical extraction from horizontal liquid pool.
---in the part of the exit passageway 8 behind the balance meniscus of liquid pool, the action of a magnetic field of the traversed by of slip is on liquid film and make its attenuation, equals the value of being predicted by Landau and Levitch Model Calculation in advance at the thickness of the liquid film of described meniscus.
2. the thickness of the liquid film that provides by Landau and Levitch model.
Use compound formula (can find in the above referred-to references), this model has been considered the surface tension of liquid (being the fused zinc under 450 ℃ in this case), and its turbulent dynamic viscosity is (with total frictional coefficient C
FiBe directly proportional), the speed V of product 4
bWith the intensity of force of the per unit volume that in zinc, develops, see and just in the contact sealing problem, calculated.
When calculating the thickness that is provided by this model, the square root that can be observed it and unit volume magnetic source intensity of force is inversely proportional to; This result shows can change the thickness of being considered quite subtly, as long as by increasing or reduce the intensity of force of unit volume, main by using the intensity of effective magnetic strength Beff.Revise the position of meniscus in exit passageway 8 and in the scope of Beff value, be fine, according to above-mentioned standard, plating liquid do not infiltrate exit passageway 8 to exceed along ruhmkorff coil 6 half.This standard roughly with top conforming to, the Ku Shi length according to this standard Li is no more than in the exit passageway 8 of coating bath 1 liquid stream that is to say that described stream keeps being somewhat turbulent flow; If one in these standards is not observed, turbulent flow is not suitable for Landau and Levitch model fully.
2.2 effectively magnetic is smeared length:
Effectively magnetic is smeared the residual length that length is defined as exit passageway 8, and this length is positioned at coating bath balance meniscus back, and the slip magnetic field of traversed by a position effect thereon.
But the possibility of thickness being adjusted by these measures has reduced, because all characteristics of zinc bath 1 and ruhmkorff coil 6 are all fixing.Can carry out the calculating of the attenuation of the liquid film that the downstream end up to outlet 8 takes place by calculating on the surface of the rough metallurgic product 4 liquid stream of " free surface " of liquid film.In fact, in most of the cases attenuation keeps ignoring.
When calculating is smeared, be that the trial and error method of correct practicality comprises and only considers the thickness of liquid film that provided by Landau and Levitch model in general.
3. summarize:
Zinc bath 1 and definite at first to determine in the size of the metallurgic product that will use selected molten metal coating and possible roughness in the size of the ruhmkorff coil that exports.It is approaching that the geometrical dimension of ruhmkorff coil 6 will be set as the surface that makes with metallurgic product 4 subsequently, the magnetic field that is produced be traversed by and slidably.For the wide velocity range V of metallurgic product 4 by coating bath 1
b, obtain frequency, magnetic pitch and the intensity of effective magnetic strength Beff, this magnetic strength Beff is the pressure that suitably is used for being equilibrated at below the first half ones of ruhmkorff coil 6.Therefore magnetic leakage is decreased and can't be become too greatly, and additional rule comprises that getting the gap makes the half-section of magnetic be not more than 3 apart from the ratio with described spacing aspect dimensioning; This has limited a coefficient, be called " interlayer coefficient " (the cas-ing coefficient) between the magnetic strength Bo that effective magnetic strength Beff and ruhmkorff coil 6 produce exactly, and the magnetic strength that ruhmkorff coil produces is obtained by Byot and Savard law, and corresponding with the geometrical dimension of the winding of ruhmkorff coil 6.Subsequently with sedimentary thickness on Landau and Levitch Model Calculation and each corresponding metallurgic product 4 of speed Vb of selecting.Length L i (applying liquid infiltrates in the exit passageway 8 of coating bath 1 along this length) also can be shown on same figure.Be shown in Fig. 2 with the corresponding graphic representation of the above-mentioned example that provides.
Most of results are still effectively above in the vertical galvanizing rig of arranging.
Claims (8)
1. the method for a definite dimension of tank, the outlet side of described coating bath after metallurgic product applies liquid pool in by coating bath is provided with at least one tightness system and/or application device, described device is a sensing unit that is located at this termination preferably, around the exit passageway of coating bath so that produce a traversed by at described product surface, that change and slide electromagnetic field, it is characterized in that comprising main lateral dimension from described coating bath, its axial length, the secret lateral cross section of stating product, its speed, the dynamic viscosity of described applying liquid, the lateral dimension of its pressure coating bath exit passageway in groove, the velocity of displacement of slip electromagnetic field, its intensity in described liquid, and be represent the parameter of the possible roughness of metallurgic product to calculate and revise at last, its condition is to flow corresponding Ku Shi length with the liquid of applying liquid in coating bath and in the exit passageway to keep below and can make described flow become turbulent threshold value under this condition.
2. according to the method for definite dimension of tank of claim 1, it is characterized in that keeping below a ultimate value to the laminar flow of exit passageway liquid stream or the thickness of turbulent boundary layer, surpass this value and no longer may control its increment in the coating bath import.
3. the method for the definite dimension of tank that one of requires according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that sedimentary thickness of coating is passed through the coating bath function of speed as metallurgic product on metallurgic product to be processed, obtain by being similar to the formula of in the hydrodinamical model of Landan and Levitch, using.
4. the method for each definite dimension of tank in requiring according to aforesaid right, the surface effects law that it is special to be when calculating sedimentary thickness the liquid stream by using the metallurgic product that direct vicinity will apply is down considered the possible roughness of metallurgic product to be processed.
5. the method for each definite dimension of tank in requiring according to aforesaid right, the surface effects law that it is characterized in that described consideration is the Karmann-Nikuradze law.
6. the method for each definite dimension of tank in requiring according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that under the situation of the sensing unit of the form of using polyphase winding (6), the intensity that produces the alternating-current of effective inductance (Beff) is adjusted to and makes the liquid that can not that applies infiltrate half length that exceeds ruhmkorff coil (6), and this coil (6) is around the exit passageway (8) of coating bath (1).
7. according to the method for each definite dimension of tank among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that under the situation of the sensing unit of the form of using polyphase winding (6), the alternating-current magnet excitation frequency that produces effective inductance (Beff) is adjusted to and makes the liquid that can not that applies infiltrate half length that exceeds ruhmkorff coil (6), and this coil (6) is around the exit passageway (8) of coating bath (1).
8. require the method for each definite dimension of tank according to aforesaid right, the gap that it is characterized in that described polyphase winding (6) is selected to and makes the half-section of magnetic be not more than 3 apart from the ratio with described gap.
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9300524A FR2700555B1 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1993-01-20 | Method for dimensioning a galvanizing enclosure provided with a device for magnetic wiping of galvanized metallurgical products. |
| AU73463/94A AU693106B2 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a magnetic wiping device for electroplated metallurgical products |
| DE69403810T DE69403810T2 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | DIMENSIONING A COATING CONTAINER WITH A MAGNETIC WIPER OF METALLURGICAL MATERIALS COATED WITH LIQUID METAL |
| JP8504737A JPH09507531A (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method for sizing a galvanizing enclosure with a device for magnetic wiping galvanized metal products |
| ES94922281T ES2105736T3 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | DIMENSIONING PROCEDURE FOR A GALVANIZATION ENCLOSURE PROVIDED WITH A DEVICE FOR MAGNETIC RINSING OF GALVANIZED METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS. |
| EP94922281A EP0720663B1 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a magnetic wiping device for electroplated metallurgical products |
| RU96107898/02A RU2119971C1 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method determining dimensional parameters of galvanizing chamber fitted with gear of magnetic dehumidification of galvanized metallurgical articles |
| PCT/FR1994/000907 WO1996002684A1 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a magnetic wiping device for electroplated metallurgical products |
| AT94922281T ATE154399T1 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | DIMENSIONING A COATING CONTAINER WITH A MAGNETIC WIPER DEVICE OF METALLURGICAL MATERIALS COATED WITH LIQUID METAL |
| PL94313517A PL186566B1 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method of determining dimensions of a zinc-plating unit housing provided with an apparatus for magnetically wiping galvanised rolled products |
| BR9407692A BR9407692A (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method for dimensioning a galvanizing housing equipped with a device for the magnetic reduction of galvanized metallurgical products |
| CN94193846A CN1070931C (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a magnetic wiping device for electroplated metallurgical prooducts |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9300524A FR2700555B1 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1993-01-20 | Method for dimensioning a galvanizing enclosure provided with a device for magnetic wiping of galvanized metallurgical products. |
| PCT/FR1994/000907 WO1996002684A1 (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a magnetic wiping device for electroplated metallurgical products |
| CN94193846A CN1070931C (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a magnetic wiping device for electroplated metallurgical prooducts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1133618A true CN1133618A (en) | 1996-10-16 |
| CN1070931C CN1070931C (en) | 2001-09-12 |
Family
ID=33162522
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94193846A Expired - Fee Related CN1070931C (en) | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-20 | Method for dimensioning an electroplating enclosure with a magnetic wiping device for electroplated metallurgical prooducts |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0720663B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09507531A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1070931C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE154399T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU693106B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9407692A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69403810T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2105736T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2700555B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL186566B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2119971C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996002684A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2700555B1 (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1995-03-31 | Delot Process Sa | Method for dimensioning a galvanizing enclosure provided with a device for magnetic wiping of galvanized metallurgical products. |
| DE4344939C1 (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-02-09 | Mannesmann Ag | Method for the control, suitable for the process, of an installation for coating strip-shaped material |
| IN191638B (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 2003-12-06 | Bhp Steel Jla Pty Ltd | |
| US6106620A (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 2000-08-22 | Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Ltd. | Electro-magnetic plugging means for hot dip coating pot |
| DE19535854C2 (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1997-12-11 | Mannesmann Ag | Process for strip stabilization in a plant for coating strip-like material |
| CA2284168A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 | 1998-09-17 | First Opinion Corporation | Disease management system |
| FR2807070B1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2002-05-17 | Delot Process Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MAKING A METAL COATING ON AN OBJECT COMING OUT OF A BATH OF MELTED METAL |
| DE10210430A1 (en) * | 2002-03-09 | 2003-09-18 | Sms Demag Ag | Device for hot dip coating of metal strands |
| RU2237743C2 (en) * | 2002-09-26 | 2004-10-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Межотраслевое юридическое агентство "Юрпромконсалтинг" | Method for processing of surface of elongated article, line and apparatus for effectuating the same |
| US11149337B1 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2021-10-19 | Western Technologies, Inc. | Continuous galvanizing apparatus and process |
| US11242590B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2022-02-08 | Western Technologies, Inc. | Continuous galvanizing apparatus for multiple rods |
| CN111676490B (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-07-13 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for optimizing zinc electrodeposition process |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5129981B2 (en) * | 1973-07-17 | 1976-08-28 | ||
| FR2647814B1 (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1994-07-08 | Galva Lorraine | ENCLOSURE FOR USE IN COVERING METALLIC OR ALLOY-BASED COATING OF OBJECTS OF ELONGATE SHAPE THROUGHOUT IT |
| DZ1422A1 (en) * | 1989-06-09 | 2004-09-13 | Galva Lorraine | Method, procedure and installation for the continuous / intermittent coating of objects by passing said objects through a liquid mass of a coating product. |
| DE4208578A1 (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-16 | Mannesmann Ag | METHOD FOR COATING THE SURFACE OF STRAND-SHAPED GOODS |
| FR2700555B1 (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1995-03-31 | Delot Process Sa | Method for dimensioning a galvanizing enclosure provided with a device for magnetic wiping of galvanized metallurgical products. |
-
1993
- 1993-01-20 FR FR9300524A patent/FR2700555B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-07-20 AT AT94922281T patent/ATE154399T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-20 EP EP94922281A patent/EP0720663B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-20 WO PCT/FR1994/000907 patent/WO1996002684A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-07-20 ES ES94922281T patent/ES2105736T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-20 DE DE69403810T patent/DE69403810T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-20 JP JP8504737A patent/JPH09507531A/en active Pending
- 1994-07-20 AU AU73463/94A patent/AU693106B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-07-20 PL PL94313517A patent/PL186566B1/en unknown
- 1994-07-20 BR BR9407692A patent/BR9407692A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-07-20 RU RU96107898/02A patent/RU2119971C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-20 CN CN94193846A patent/CN1070931C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0720663B1 (en) | 1997-06-11 |
| DE69403810T2 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
| PL186566B1 (en) | 2004-01-30 |
| FR2700555A1 (en) | 1994-07-22 |
| PL313517A1 (en) | 1996-07-08 |
| BR9407692A (en) | 1997-02-04 |
| RU2119971C1 (en) | 1998-10-10 |
| FR2700555B1 (en) | 1995-03-31 |
| ES2105736T3 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
| WO1996002684A1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
| DE69403810D1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
| AU693106B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
| AU7346394A (en) | 1996-02-16 |
| ATE154399T1 (en) | 1997-06-15 |
| EP0720663A1 (en) | 1996-07-10 |
| JPH09507531A (en) | 1997-07-29 |
| CN1070931C (en) | 2001-09-12 |
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