CN113361110A - Method for measuring release characteristic parameters of double-layer wood furniture material - Google Patents

Method for measuring release characteristic parameters of double-layer wood furniture material Download PDF

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CN113361110A
CN113361110A CN202110645212.5A CN202110645212A CN113361110A CN 113361110 A CN113361110 A CN 113361110A CN 202110645212 A CN202110645212 A CN 202110645212A CN 113361110 A CN113361110 A CN 113361110A
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熊建银
高莹
王元正
王昊
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor environment inspection, and particularly relates to a method for measuring initial releasable concentration, diffusion coefficient and distribution coefficient of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in an indoor double-layer wood furniture material. The method comprises establishing an adsorption physical model; placing a double-layer furniture material to be measured in a direct current cabin, introducing pure air into the environment cabin at a constant ventilation rate to enable the furniture to release VOC, and measuring VOC concentration values in the environment cabin at different times; and then calculating the initial concentration, diffusion coefficient and distribution coefficient of the furniture VOC release process according to the physical model. The method has the advantages of simple test, short experimental period, and more reliable double-layer numerical model closer to the actual condition of furniture compared with the traditional method.

Description

Method for measuring release characteristic parameters of double-layer wood furniture material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor environment inspection, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the release amount, diffusion coefficient and distribution coefficient of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in an indoor double-layer wood furniture material.
Background
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are the main chemical pollutants responsible for poor indoor air quality. Typical VOCs include various aldehydes and benzene series, such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, and the like. Many VOCs have been shown to have negative effects on human health, typical symptoms including Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) such as dizziness, nausea, lethargy and easy distraction, and when severe even severeCan lead to leukemia and cancer. Furniture produced in China is mainly divided into wooden furniture, glass furniture and soft furniture. Among them, wooden furniture is most popular and used widely, and includes plate furniture and solid wood furniture. During the production and manufacture of wooden furniture, urea formaldehyde resins and paints are often used, resulting in such products becoming a source of indoor formaldehyde and benzene series emissions during the life cycle. A number of furniture identification systems and standards have been promulgated in europe, the united states and china, and generally gas phase VOC concentrations are measured over time and then used to assess product quality. These standards do not involve modeling of the furniture release process and determination of characteristic parameters and are therefore only applicable to test conditions and cannot be extrapolated to actual use conditions. Studying the release of VOC from furniture in real environment requires the establishment of suitable models to describe its release behavior and to determine its release characteristics parameters. The existing models mainly aim at single-layer building materials and are divided into an empirical model, a semi-empirical model and a mass transfer model. The measurement of the VOC release characteristic parameters of the furniture in the model is the basis for researching the release rule of the furniture, including the releasable amount C0Diffusion coefficient DmAnd a partition coefficient K. Typical measuring methods for release characteristic parameters, such as microbalance method, double-chamber method, concentration trace method, etc., are only suitable for measuring single-layer building materials. Existing research generally treats furniture simply as a single layer of material, thereby achieving equivalent release characteristics parameters. Actually, the release characteristics of the furniture are greatly different from those of single-layer building materials, and the wood furniture used indoors is generally of a double-layer structure, so that the release surface area is large, and the release period is long. It is therefore necessary to consider the release of wooden furniture as a double-layer release process and to develop a corresponding method for determining the release characteristics of double-layer wooden furniture materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly and accurately measuring VOC (volatile organic compounds) release characteristic parameters of double-layer wooden furniture simultaneously, including releasable amount C, aiming at the limitations of the existing measuring method0Diffusion coefficient DmAnd the method has the advantages of easy operation, short time consumption, high measurement precision and the like, and is convenient for laboratory detection and engineering application.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for simultaneously measuring the release amount C based on the release process and the characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) of double-layer wooden furniture in a direct current cabin0Diffusion coefficient DmAnd a distribution coefficient K, comprising the steps of:
(1) establishing a mass transfer control equation, boundary conditions and initial conditions of VOC in the double-layer wooden furniture, and performing discretization treatment; the discretization process assumes that the underlying material is divided into N1Layer of a releasable amount of C1The top layer material is divided into N2-N1Layer of a releasable amount of C2：
Figure BDA0003107941650000021
Figure BDA0003107941650000022
Figure BDA0003107941650000023
Figure BDA0003107941650000024
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003107941650000025
the concentration of the j-th layer in the double-layer material at the moment i is [ mu ] g/m3；
Figure BDA0003107941650000026
Concentration of the j-th layer at time i-1, μ g/m3；
Figure BDA0003107941650000027
The concentration of the j-1 th layer at the time of i-1, μ g/m3；
Figure BDA0003107941650000028
The concentration of the j +1 th layer at the time of i-1, μ g/m3；
Figure BDA0003107941650000029
Is the Nth2Concentration of layer at time i,. mu.g/m3；
Figure BDA00031079416500000210
Is the gas phase VOC concentration at time i, μ g/m3；
Figure BDA00031079416500000211
The gas phase VOC concentration at time i-1, μ g/m3；r1＝Dm1Δt/Δx2；r2＝Dm2Δt/Δx2；C1Mu g/m as a releasable amount of the base material3；C2Mu g/m being the releasable amount of the top layer material3；Dm1Is the VOC diffusion coefficient of the underlying material, m2/s；Dm2Is the VOC diffusion coefficient of the top layer material, m2/s；K1Distributing coefficients for the bottom layer material; k2Distributing coefficients for the top layer material; h ismIs the convective mass transfer coefficient, m/s; Δ x is the spatial step; Δ t is the time step; a is the furniture release surface area, m2(ii) a V is the environmental chamber or actual environmental volume, m3(ii) a Q is ventilation, m3/s；Ca,pre(tk) Is tkCalculated gas phase VOC concentration in [ mu ] g/m3；Ca,exp(tk) Is at tkThe gas phase VOC concentration measured at any moment; m is the number of experimental data; ER is the residual between the predicted value and the measured value of the gas phase VOC concentration calculated using the release characteristic parameters;
(2) in a volume of 1 to 10m3The test is carried out in the environment chamber, the pressure difference of the environment chamber is controlled to be +/-5 Pa, the temperature control precision is +/-0.5 ℃, and the humidity control precision is +/-3 percent during the experiment;
(3) setting the temperature and the humidity of the environment cabin as required values, introducing pure air without VOC into the environment cabin at a constant ventilation rate, and then placing the wood furniture with the double-layer structure to be tested in the environment cabin for testing;
(4) in the process of releasing the furniture VOC, a dinitrophenylhydrazone DNPH adsorption tube or a Tenax-TA adsorption tube is connected with a high-precision sampling pump to collect VOC gas at an outlet of an environmental chamber, and then quantitative analysis is carried out by using a High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) or a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to obtain real-time gas phase VOC concentrations in the environmental chamber at different times;
(5) substituting the tested gas-phase VOC concentration data into equation (4), forming a fitting function by combining equations (1) - (3), taking 3 release characteristic parameters of each layer of two-layer wooden furniture as variables to be solved, utilizing a genetic optimization algorithm, taking the minimum residual error ER as a target, and utilizing a mathematical tool to perform optimization fitting;
(6) through multiple iterative calculations, a set of optimal release characteristic parameters meeting the requirements is obtained, and the optimal release characteristic parameters comprise 6 release characteristic parameters, namely the releasable quantity C of the bottom layer material1Diffusion coefficient Dm1And a distribution coefficient K1Releasable amount of topsheet material C2Diffusion coefficient Dm2And a distribution coefficient K2Thereby realizing the effective measurement of VOC release characteristic parameters of the double-layer wooden furniture material.
The invention has the characteristics and effects that:
according to the determination method, the release characteristics of VOC of double-layer wooden furniture in the direct-current cabin are researched, and fitting processing is carried out on gas-phase VOC concentration data measured in the environmental cabin by using a mathematical method, so that three release characteristic parameters of the VOC release process of the indoor wooden furniture are obtained, and the defects that the existing method is only suitable for single-layer materials and cannot simultaneously determine all parameters and the like are overcome; the method has the advantages of short experimental period, generally no more than one week, high testing precision and simple and convenient sampling, and can be used for laboratory detection and engineering application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental system for VOC release process of double-layer wooden furniture
FIG. 2 shows the fitting results of the data of the concentration of formaldehyde released from the panel furniture
Detailed Description
The method for rapidly, accurately and simultaneously measuring three release characteristic parameters of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in double-layer wood furniture materials, which is provided by the invention, is described in detail by combining the attached drawings and examples as follows:
an experimental system for the VOC emission process of double-layered wooden furniture according to the present invention is shown in fig. 1. The interior of the environmental chamber 7 is made of polished stainless steel material, and a metal fan 8 is arranged at the top of the environmental chamber. The temperature is controlled by a circulating system with a heat source, the relative humidity is controlled by a dehumidification and humidification combined system, and the temperature and humidity are monitored by a temperature and humidity sensor 10. The air compressor 1 compresses outside air, then the compressed air is filtered by a dryer 2, activated carbon 3 and a high-efficiency air filter 4, then the compressed air is sent into an environment chamber 7 by a humidity control device 5 and a flow control system 6, furniture 9 to be detected is placed in the environment chamber, in the releasing process, a Dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) adsorption tube or a Tenax-TA adsorption tube 11 is used for sampling VOC gas at the outlet of the environment chamber, and then quantitative analysis is carried out by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) 12. The wooden furniture adopted in the experiment is plate furniture (bedside cabinet).
The method for measuring the release characteristic parameter of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
(1) establishing a mass transfer control equation, boundary conditions and initial conditions of VOC in the double-layer wooden furniture, and performing discretization treatment; the discretization process assumes that the underlying material is divided into N1Layer of a releasable amount of C1The top layer material is divided into N2-N1Layer of a releasable amount of C2：
Figure BDA0003107941650000041
Figure BDA0003107941650000042
Figure BDA0003107941650000043
Figure BDA0003107941650000044
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003107941650000045
the concentration of the j-th layer in the double-layer material at the moment i is [ mu ] g/m3；
Figure BDA0003107941650000046
Concentration of the j-th layer at time i-1, μ g/m3；
Figure BDA0003107941650000047
The concentration of the j-1 th layer at the time of i-1, μ g/m3；
Figure BDA0003107941650000048
The concentration of the j +1 th layer at the time of i-1, μ g/m3；
Figure BDA0003107941650000049
Is the Nth2Concentration of layer at time i,. mu.g/m3；
Figure BDA00031079416500000410
Is the gas phase VOC concentration at time i, μ g/m3；
Figure BDA00031079416500000411
The gas phase VOC concentration at time i-1, μ g/m3；r1＝Dm1Δt/Δx2；r2＝Dm2Δt/Δx2；C1Mu g/m as a releasable amount of the base material3；C2Mu g/m being the releasable amount of the top layer material3；Dm1Is the VOC diffusion coefficient of the underlying material, m2/s；Dm2Is the VOC diffusion coefficient of the top layer material, m2/s；K1Distributing coefficients for the bottom layer material; k2Distributing coefficients for the top layer material; h ismIs the convective mass transfer coefficient, m/s; Δ x is the spatial step; Δ t is timeStep length; a is the furniture release surface area, m2(ii) a V is the environmental chamber or actual environmental volume, m3(ii) a Q is ventilation, m3/s；Ca,pre(tk) Is tkCalculated gas phase VOC concentration in [ mu ] g/m3；Ca,exp(tk) Is at tkThe gas phase VOC concentration measured at any moment; m is the number of experimental data; ER is the residual between the predicted value and the measured value of the gas phase VOC concentration calculated using the release characteristic parameters;
(2) in a volume of 1m3The temperature and the humidity of the environmental chamber are respectively set to be (23 +/-0.5) DEG C and (50 +/-3)%, and the treated pure air without VOC is introduced into the environmental chamber at a constant speed (0.2 m/s);
(3) the furniture to be tested is placed in an environmental chamber for testing, the selected furniture is a common indoor bedside cabinet (plate wood furniture), and the total surface area of the furniture to be tested is 1.46m2The thickness of the bottom layer is 0.019m, the thickness of the top layer is 0.001m, and the bearing rate is 1.46m-1；
(4) Selecting formaldehyde as target VOC in the release process of panel furniture VOC, collecting formaldehyde gas at an outlet of an environment chamber by using a dinitrophenylhydrazone DNPH adsorption tube connected with a high-precision sampling pump, then carrying out quantitative analysis by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), obtaining the real-time concentration of gas-phase formaldehyde in the environment chamber at different time, and respectively measuring the concentrations of 64.2 mu g/m for 2h, 4h, 6h, 24h, 30h, 48h, 54h, 72h, 78h, 96h, 102h, 120h, 126h, 144h and 150h by experiments3、86.1μg/m3、88.9μg/m3、88.3μg/m3、82.9μg/m3、81.4μg/m3、74.7μg/m3、74.3μg/m3、71.4μg/m3、71.7μg/m3、72.9μg/m3、73.7μg/m3、68.0μg/m3、62.6μg/m3、59.9μg/m3；
(5) Substituting the measured gas-phase formaldehyde concentration data at different time into equation (4), forming a fitting function by combining equations (1) - (3), taking 3 release characteristic parameters of each layer in the plate-type furniture as variables to be solved, utilizing a genetic optimization algorithm, taking the minimum residual error ER as a target, and utilizing a mathematical tool to perform optimization fitting;
(6) through multiple iterative calculations, a set of optimal release characteristic parameters meeting the requirements is obtained, and the optimal release characteristic parameters comprise 6 release characteristic parameters, namely the releasable quantity C of the bottom layer material1Is 3.83X 107μg/m3Diffusion coefficient Dm1Is 7.41X 10-10m2S, distribution coefficient K19972, releasable amount of topsheet material C2Is 3.76X 105μg/m3Diffusion coefficient Dm2Is 4.11X 10- 11m2S, distribution coefficient K210328, thereby realizing the effective determination of the VOC release characteristic parameter of the double-layer wooden furniture material.
The principle of the invention is as follows: establishing a mass transfer control equation, boundary conditions and initial conditions of the VOC in the double-layer wooden furniture, and performing discretization treatment. Measuring VOC concentration in the direct current cabin at different time, substituting the measured concentration data into the established double-layer wood furniture material release model to form a fitting function, utilizing a genetic optimization algorithm, taking minimum residual ER as a target, and performing repeated iterative calculation to obtain a group of optimal C1、Dm1、K1、C2、Dm2、K2。

Claims (1)

1. A method for measuring the release characteristic parameter of a double-layer wood furniture material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing a mass transfer control equation, boundary conditions and initial conditions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the double-layer wooden furniture, and performing discretization treatment; the discretization process assumes that the underlying material is divided into N1Layer of a releasable amount of C1The top layer material is divided into N2-N1Layer of a releasable amount of C2：
Figure FDA0003107941640000011
Figure FDA0003107941640000012
Figure FDA0003107941640000013
Figure FDA0003107941640000014
In the formula:
Figure FDA0003107941640000015
the concentration of the j-th layer in the double-layer material at the moment i is [ mu ] g/m3；
Figure FDA0003107941640000016
Concentration of the j-th layer at time i-1, μ g/m3；
Figure FDA0003107941640000017
The concentration of the j-1 th layer at the time of i-1, μ g/m3；
Figure FDA0003107941640000018
The concentration of the j +1 th layer at the time of i-1, μ g/m3；
Figure FDA0003107941640000019
Is the Nth2Concentration of layer at time i,. mu.g/m3；
Figure FDA00031079416400000110
Is the gas phase VOC concentration at time i, μ g/m3；
Figure FDA00031079416400000111
The gas phase VOC concentration at time i-1, μ g/m3；r1＝Dm1Δt/Δx2；r2＝Dm2Δt/Δx2；C1Mu g/m as a releasable amount of the base material3；C2Mu g/m being the releasable amount of the top layer material3；Dm1Is the VOC diffusion coefficient of the underlying material, m2/s；Dm2Is the VOC diffusion coefficient of the top layer material, m2/s；K1Distributing coefficients for the bottom layer material; k2Distributing coefficients for the top layer material; h ismIs the convective mass transfer coefficient, m/s; Δ x is the spatial step; Δ t is the time step; a is the furniture release surface area, m2(ii) a V is the environmental chamber or actual environmental volume, m3(ii) a Q is ventilation, m3/s；Ca,pre(tk) Is tkCalculated gas phase VOC concentration in [ mu ] g/m3；Ca,exp(tk) Is at tkThe gas phase VOC concentration measured at any moment; m is the number of experimental data; ER is the residual between the predicted value and the measured value of the gas phase VOC concentration calculated using the release characteristic parameters;
(2) in a volume of 1 to 10m3The test is carried out in the environment chamber, the pressure difference of the environment chamber is controlled to be +/-5 Pa, the temperature control precision is +/-0.5 ℃, and the humidity control precision is +/-3 percent during the experiment;
(3) setting the temperature and the humidity of the environment cabin as required values, introducing pure air without VOC into the environment cabin at a constant ventilation rate, and then placing the wood furniture with the double-layer structure to be tested in the environment cabin for testing;
(4) in the process of releasing the furniture VOC, a dinitrophenylhydrazone DNPH adsorption tube or a Tenax-TA adsorption tube is connected with a high-precision sampling pump to collect VOC gas at an outlet of an environmental chamber, and then quantitative analysis is carried out by using a High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) or a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to obtain real-time gas phase VOC concentrations in the environmental chamber at different times;
(5) substituting the tested gas-phase VOC concentration data into equation (4), forming a fitting function by combining equations (1) - (3), taking 3 release characteristic parameters of each layer of two-layer wooden furniture as variables to be solved, utilizing a genetic optimization algorithm, taking the minimum residual error ER as a target, and utilizing a mathematical tool to perform optimization fitting;
(6) through multiple iterative calculation, a group of maximums is obtainedThe preferred satisfactory release characteristic parameter includes 6 release characteristic parameters, i.e., the releasable amount C of the substrate material1Diffusion coefficient Dm1And a distribution coefficient K1Releasable amount of topsheet material C2Diffusion coefficient Dm2And a distribution coefficient K2Thereby realizing the effective measurement of VOC release characteristic parameters of the double-layer wooden furniture material.
CN202110645212.5A 2021-06-09 2021-06-09 Method for measuring release characteristic parameters of double-layer wood furniture material Pending CN113361110A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114720637A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-07-08 北京理工大学 Temperature and humidity controllable multifunctional environment cabin for indoor vehicle interior material release determination
CN116718733A (en) * 2023-06-28 2023-09-08 中国海洋大学 Volatile organic compound concentration calculation method, system, electronic equipment and medium
CN116718733B (en) * 2023-06-28 2024-05-31 中国海洋大学 Volatile organic compound concentration calculation method, system, electronic equipment and medium

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114720637A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-07-08 北京理工大学 Temperature and humidity controllable multifunctional environment cabin for indoor vehicle interior material release determination
CN116718733A (en) * 2023-06-28 2023-09-08 中国海洋大学 Volatile organic compound concentration calculation method, system, electronic equipment and medium
CN116718733B (en) * 2023-06-28 2024-05-31 中国海洋大学 Volatile organic compound concentration calculation method, system, electronic equipment and medium

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